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Diversität Der Coleoptera in Der Multistrukturellen, Anthropogen Überprägten Landschaft Des Niedersächsischen Estetals

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Diversität Der Coleoptera in Der Multistrukturellen, Anthropogen Überprägten Landschaft Des Niedersächsischen Estetals Diversität der Coleoptera in der multistrukturellen, anthropogen überprägten Landschaft des niedersächsischen Estetals Dissertation Zur Erlangung der Würde des Doktors der Naturwissenschaften des Fachbereichs Biologie, der Fakultät für Mathematik, Informatik und Naturwissenschaften, der Universität Hamburg vorgelegt von Wolfgang Schacht aus Hamburg Hamburg 2014 1. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Jörg Ganzhorn 2. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Thorsten Aßmann Disputation: 25. April 2014 2 Danksagungen Mein herzlicher Dank gilt Prof. Dr. Jörg Ganzhorn für die Ermöglichung der Arbeit, Unterstützung bei der Erstellung und anregende Diskussionen. Prof. Dr. Thorsten Aßmann für wertvolle Hinweise und die Bereitschaft zur Übernahme der Zweitbegutachtung. Dr. Christian Baden für die Unterstützung bei der Literaturbeschaffung, klagloses Korrekturlesen und viele hilfreiche Hinweise. Prof. Dr. Lech Borowiec / Breslau für die freundliche Genehmigung zur Abbildung seiner hervorragenden Fotos diverser Arten, ebenso Ortwin Bleich für die Laufkäferfotos und weiteren bei einzelnen Fotos genannten Koleopterologen. Thomas Behrends, Gerhard Brunne, Kai Burgarth, Heinrich Meybohm und Wolfgang Ziegler für die Bestimmung beziehungsweise Überprüfung besonders schwieriger Arten. Stephan Gürlich für umfangreiche Auszüge aus der Datenbank des Vereins für Naturwissen- schaftliche Heimatforschung zu Hamburg e. V., geduldige Beratung dazu und die Genehmigung zur Nutzung der Verbreitungskarten des Vereins. der Naturschutzbehörde des Landkreises Harburg für die Zurverfügungstellung der Unterlagen zum Esteprojekt. Meiner Frau Sabine Adolphi-Schacht, meinen Söhnen Wolfram und Erland für Geduld und Unterstützung sowie manche gemeinsame Exkursion. 3 Inhaltsverzeichnis Seite 1. Einleitung 9 2. Ziel 11 3. Das Untersuchungsgebiet Estetal 12 3.1 Generelle Lage 12 3.2 Unterteilung in sechs Teilgebiete 12 3.3 Naturräumliche Gliederung und landschaftsökologische Beschreibung 14 3.4 Naturschutzsituation 14 3.5 Die Wald- und Totholzsituation 16 3.6 Besonderheiten der Teilgebiete 17 3.6.1 Teilgebiet Moisburg (Mb) 17 3.6.2 Teilgebiet Regesbostel (Rb) 18 3.6.3 Teilgebiet Hollenstedt (Hs) 18 3.6.4 Teilgebiet Dierstorf (Dt) 19 3.6.5 Teilgebiet Ochtmannsbruch (Ob) 19 3.6.6 Teilgebiet Bötersheim (Bh) 20 3.7 Die koleopterologische Datenlage für Norddeutschland 21 4. Methodik 23 4.1 Nachweismethoden allgemein 23 4.2 Standardmethoden und deren Modifikation 23 4.2.1 Autokescher (Ak) 23 4.2.2 Bodenfallen (Bf) 25 4.2.3 Gesiebe (Ge) 26 4.2.4 Handaufsammlung / Klopfschirm (HK) 26 4.2.5 Köderfallen (Kö) 26 4.2.6 Lufteklektor (Le) 26 4.2.7 Streifkescher (Sk) 27 4.2.8 Schwarzlicht (Sl) 27 4.2.9 Wasserkescher (Wk) 28 4.2.10 Zucht (Zu) 28 4.3 Übersicht der angewandten Methoden nach Teilgebieten und relativer 29 Einsatzintensität 4.4 Weitere spezielle Methoden 29 4.5 Präparation, Determination, Belege und Allgemeines 30 5. Ergebnisse 32 5.1 Vorbemerkungen 32 5.2 Erläuterungen der den Arten im Anhang zugeordneten Attribute 32 5.2.1 Teilgebiete 32 5.2.2 Methoden 32 5.2.3 Individuenzahl (nI) 33 5.2.4 Fundereignisse (nF) 33 5.2.5 Untersuchungsintensität des typischen Habitats (UI) 33 5.2.6 Häufigkeit im Untersuchungsgebiet (HUG) 34 5.2.7 Häufigkeit im Niederelbe-Gebiet (HNE) 36 5.2.8 Westlichster Fundort im Niederelbegebiet (WF) 36 5.2.9 Isolierte Vorkommen im Untersuchungsgebiet (IV) 36 5.2.10 Arten der Roten Liste gefährdeter Tierarten Deutschlands (RLD) 37 5.2.11 Arten der Roten Liste der in Niedersachsen und Bremen gefährdeten 37 Sandlaufkäfer und Laufkäfer sowie Wasserkäfer (RLN) 5.2.12 Angaben für xylobionte Käfer 38 5.2.13 Charakter- oder wertgebende Begleitarten gemäß der Roten Liste der 39 Käfer Schleswig-Holsteins (Ch-Art bzw. WG-Art) 4 5.3 Artenzahlen und Häufigkeitsverteilungen 40 5.3.1 Erhaltene Artenzahl und Einordnung in übergeordnete und 40 vergleichbare Gebiete 5.3.2 Extrapolation der Artenzahl auf Gesamtartenbestand 40 5.3.3 Statistische Betrachtung – Verteilung nach Preston 41 5.3.4 Berechnung der Gesamtartenzahl 42 5.3.5 Häufigkeiten der gefundenen Arten im NE-Gebiet und deren Verteilung 43 5.3.6 Häufigkeitseinstufungen der gefundenen Arten innerhalb des 44 Untersuchungsgebietes 5.3.7 Analyse der Teilgebiete 45 5.3.7.1 Artenzahlen der Teilgebiete 45 5.3.7.2 Vergleich der Teilgebiete anhand von Sörensen-Indizes 47 5.3.7.3 Vergleich der Teilgebiete anhand im NE-Gebiet seltener Arten 50 5.3.8 Artenzahlen nach Familien 50 5.4 Isolierte Vorkommen 53 5.4.1 Analyse der Distanzen zu nächsten bekannten Fundorten 53 5.4.2 Diskussion der Arten mit nächstem bekannten Vorkommen in über 55 50 km Entfernung 5.4.2.1 Elaphrus uliginosus FABRICIUS, 1775 55 5.4.2.2 Zabrus tenebrioides (GOEZE, 1777) 55 5.4.2.3 Amara gebleri DEJEAN, 1831 56 5.4.2.4 Chlaenius vestitus (PAYKULL, 1790) 57 5.4.2.5 Badister meridionalis PUEL, 1925 58 5.4.2.6 Enochrus bicolor (FABRICIUS, 1792) 58 5.4.2.7 Platysoma lineare (ERICHSON, 1834) 59 5.4.2.8 Leiodes rubiginosa (SCHMIDT, 1841) 60 5.4.2.9 Eutheia plicata (GYLLENHAL, 1813) 60 5.4.2.10 Tetartopeus rufonitidus (PAYKULL, 1789) 61 5.4.2.11 Bisnius nigriventris (THOMSON, 1867) 62 5.4.2.12 Quedius cinctus (PAYKULL, 1790) 62 5.4.2.13 Euryusa sinuata ERICHSON, 1837 63 5.4.2.14 Thamiaraea hospita (MAERKEL, 1844) 64 5.4.2.15 Necrobia ruficollis (FABRICIUS, 1775) 64 5.4.2.16 Heterocerus intermedius KIESENWETTER, 1843 65 5.4.2.17 Trogoderma glabrum (HERBST, 1797) 66 5.4.2.18 Scymnus abietis (PAYKULL, 1798) 66 5.4.2.19 Anitys rubens (HOFFMANN, 1803) 67 5.4.2.20 Grammoptera abdominalis (STEPHENS, 1831) 69 5.4.2.21 Donacia bicolor ZSCHACH, 1788 70 5.4.2.22 Plateumaris braccata (SCOPOLI, 1772) 71 5.4.2.23 Phratora atrovirens (CORNELIUS, 1857) 72 5.4.2.24 Phaeochrotes cinctus (PAYKULL, 1800) 72 5.4.3 Gemeinsame Eigenschaften und Verbreitungsstrukturen der isoliert 73 vorkommenden Arten 5.4.4 Erweiterung bekannter westlicher Verbreitungen 74 74 5.5 In ihrem Bestand gefährdete Arten („Rote-Liste“-Arten) 76 5.5.1 Arten der Roten Liste Deutschlands (RLD) 77 5.5.1.1 Übersicht 77 5.5.1.2 RLD-Arten der Kategorie 1 und 2 78 5.5.1.2.1 Notolaemus castaneus (ERICHSON, 1845) 79 5.5.1.2.2 Euglenes nitidifrons (THOMSON, 1886) 80 5.5.1.2.3 Vanonus brevicornis (PERRIS, 1869) 80 5.5.1.2.4 Zusammenfassung der RLD-Arten Kategorie 1 und 2 81 5.5.1.3 Im Niederelbegebiet sehr seltene Arten der RLD 81 5.5.1.3.1 Harpalus calceatus (DUFTSCHMIDT, 1812) 82 5.5.1.3.2 Abraeus granulum ERICHSON, 1839 83 5.5.1.3.3 Leiodes silesiaca (KRAATZ, 1852) 84 5 5.5.1.3.4 Cyrtoplastus seriepunctatus (BRISOUT DE BARNEVILLE, 1867) 84 5.5.1.3.5 Scydmoraphes minutus (CHAUDOIR, 1845) 85 5.5.1.3.6 Eucnemis capucina AHRENS, 1812 85 5.5.1.3.7 Melanophila acuminata (GEER, 1774) 86 5.5.1.3.8 Elodes tricuspis NYHOLM, 1985 87 5.5.1.3.9 Mycetophagus populi FABRICIUS, 1798 88 5.5.1.3.10 Metoecus paradoxus (LINNE, 1761) 88 5.5.1.3.11 Odonteus armiger (SCOPOLI, 1772) 89 5.5.1.3.12 Psylliodes laticollis KUTSCHERA, 1864 90 5.5.1.3.13 Zusammenfassung der im Niederelbegebiet sehr seltenen RLD-Arten 91 5.5.1.4 RLD-Arten nach Teilgebieten 92 5.5.2 Arten der Roten Liste für Niedersachsen (RLN) 92 5.5.2.1 Übersicht 92 5.5.2.2 Arten der RLN-Kategorie 1 und 2 94 5.5.2.2.1 Blethisa multipunctata (LINNE, 1758) 94 5.5.2.2.2 Bembidion quadripustulatum AUDINET-SERVILLE, 1821 94 5.5.2.2.3 Harpalus froelichii STURM, 1818 95 5.5.2.2.4 Coelambus nigrolineatus (STEVEN, 1808) 96 5.5.2.2.5 Zusammenfassung RLN-Arten Kategorie 1 und 2 96 5.6 Charakterarten 97 5.6.1 Charakterarten und wertgebende Begleitarten der Trockenbiotope 98 5.6.2 Charakterarten und wertgebende Begleitarten der Moore und anderer 99 Feuchtbiotope 5.6.3 Charakterarten und wertgebende Begleitarten der Gewässerbiotope 100 und Ufer 5.6.4 Charakterarten und wertgebende Begleitarten der Wälder 101 101 5.7 Die Gilde der xylobionten Käfer 103 5.7.1 Gesamtzahl der xylobionten Käfer und Vergleich mit dem NE-Gebiet 103 5.7.2 Verteilung der xylobionten Arten auf die Häufigkeitskategorien 104 5.7.2.1 Im Niederelbegebiet sehr seltene xylobionte Arten 106 5.7.2.1.1 Xylostiba monilicornis (GYLLENHAL, 1810) 106 5.7.2.1.2 Serropalpus barbatus (SCHALLER, 1783) 107 5.7.3 Xylobionte Arten nach Habitaten 108 5.7.4 Xylobionte Arten nach Teilgebieten 109 5.7.5 Vergleich der Xylobionten-Artenzahlen der Teilgebiete 111 5.7.6 Arten nach Biotoppräferenzen 111 5.7.7 Historisch alte Waldflächen – das Bumbeck-Gehege oder Hollenstedter 114 Schützenholz 5.7.7.1 Quedius dilatatus (FABRICIUS, 1787) 115 5.8 Laufkäfer und Sandlaufkäfer (Carabidae und Cicindelidae) 117 5.8.1 Artenzahl 117 5.8.2 Häufigkeitsverteilungen 118 5.8.2.1 Verteilung auf die Häufigkeitskategorien für das NE-Gebiet 118 5.8.2.2 Verteilung auf die Häufigkeitskategorien für Deutschland und 119 Niedersachsen 5.8.3 Im NE-Gebiet extrem und sehr seltene sowie Rote-Liste-Arten 120 5.8.3.1 Bembidion octomaculatum (GOEZE, 1777) 121 5.8.4 Charakterarten 121 5.8.4.1 Agonum viridicupreum (GOEZE, 1777) 123 5.8.4.2 Ergänzende Beobachtungen zu Elaphrus uliginosus, FABRICIUS 1775 125 5.8.5 Gesamtbeurteilung des Untersuchungsgebietes anhand Artenzahl, 127 RLD- und seltener Arten 5.8.6 Analyse der Teilgebiete 127 5.8.6.1 Artenzahlen 127 5.8.6.2 Sörensen-Indizes 129 5.8.6.3 Rote-Liste-Arten 130 6 5.9 Weitere im NE-Gebiet extrem oder sehr seltene Käfer 132 5.9.1 Catops longulus KELLNER, 1846 132 5.9.2 Blabs mucronata LATREILLE, 1804 132 5.9.3 Hydraena gracilis GERMAR, 1824 133 5.9.4 Lesteva hanseni LOHSE, 1953 134 5.9.5 Gabrius astutoides (STRAND, 1946) 134 5.9.6 Staphylinus dimidiaticornis GEMMINGER, 1851 135 5.9.7 Sphaerosoma pilosum PANZER, 1793 135 5.9.8 Donacia simplex FABRICIUS, 1775 136 5.9.9 Prasocuris glabra (HERBST, 1783) 136 5.9.10 Phyllotetra flexuosa (ILLIGER, 1794) 137 5.9.11 Otiorhynchus porcatus (HERBST, 1795) 137 5.9.12 Sibinia primita (HERBST, 1795) 138 5.9.13 Anthonomus piri KOLLAR, 1837 139 5.9.14 Zusammenfassung der weiteren extrem und sehr seltenen Arten 139 5.10 Vergleich der eingesetzten Methoden 141 5.10.1 Gesamtübersicht 141 5.10.2 Ergebnisse für die Gruppen der Xylobionten und Laufkäfer 143 5.10.3 Ergebnisse für seltene stenöke Arten beziehungsweise Singletons 144 6.
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