4 Business Leaders Honors Four Committee Gala National Successful NOTES United States-ChinaRelations The NationalCommitteeon Exchanges Educational Committee National 1 9 Project Cooperation Labor Law U.S.- 20 Conference Inaugural Program Intellectuals Public Volume 34,Number1 Winter /Spring2006 24 joined his mentor (his Chinese had National Committee apparently passed muster!) to practice law at Coudert Brothers and Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison in Welcomes New President New York, and . In 2 Beijing, Steve helped do some of the legal work for the first foreign investments into China. In 1983, he moved to the investment banking

S by Carla Hills world, eventually becoming managing director at Lehman Brothers and

E president of Lehman Brothers Asia, A sixty-second conversation in 1970 specialist in the United States, advised supervising the company’s offices in Hong Kong, Korea, China, , T launched Steve Orlins’ China-related him, “Your Chinese is not good journey as a student, diplomat, lawyer, enough. Go to Taiwan and get fluent!” Thailand, the Philippines and investment banker and investor to his Steve followed Jerry’s advice, and after Singapore. His favorite deal from this O current post as National Committee 15 months of language study in Taiwan, period was advising the consortium of president. As the Vietnam War he entered Harvard Law School. He companies that constructed the

N heightened political awareness on received his J.D. with a concentration Eastern Harbor Tunnel, Hong Kong’s college campuses, including his home in Chinese law in 1976. second cross-harbor tunnel and the first base at Harvard College, he became Steve subsequently joined the State major financing arrangement in the interested in studying Vietnamese Department’s Office of the Legal colony whose payback extended language and history. But in that sixty- Advisor. When Herbert Hansell, then beyond the reversion on July 1, 1997. second conversation, visiting professor Legal Advisor, learned there was a In 1991, Steve returned to the Alex Woodside instead steered him China specialist in the office, he United States and his boyhood home toward Chinese, saying that much of brought Steve onto the legal team that on Long Island. He became deeply Vietnamese history was written in helped establish diplomatic relations involved in local politics and ran as the Chinese and that, in the long run, with the People’s Republic of China. Democratic candidate for Congress in Chinese would prove much more Steve was involved in drafting the New York’s third congressional district. useful. Another China specialist was Taiwan Relations Act and the “I had a strong vision of where I born and, six weeks later, Steve was on establishment of the American thought the country should go and his way to Stanford University to start Institute in Taiwan (AIT), the non- believed representing my boyhood intensive language studies. profit corporation to carry on unofficial home, where that vision was born and Two long-time National Committee relations with Taiwan. (The cancelled still shared by many, was what I should directors – Jerome Cohen and Herbert check for the fee to incorporate the do. 116,915 voters shared my vision; Hansell – also played influential roles AIT now sits on Steve’s bookshelf in unfortunately, 124,727 shared my in Steve’s career. Armed with a degree the NCUSCR office.) opponent’s.” from Harvard in modern Chinese After the establishment of dip- The next phase of Steve’s career was history, Steve planned to pursue a lomatic relations, China allowed a in the private equity field, with the firm career in Chinese law. But Professor limited number of foreign lawyers into AEA Investors. A few years later, the Jerry Cohen, the leading Chinese law China, including Jerry Cohen. Steve Washington-based Carlyle Group recruited Steve to create and run its new Asia fund. This gave him the opportunity to return to Hong Kong and to turn his energies to such di- verse transactions as the purchase of Koram Bank (Korea’s sixth-largest bank) and the establishment of Taiwan Broadband Communications, one of the largest television companies in Taiwan. Steve joined us as president of the National Committee on May 1, 2005. We are privileged and excited to have a leader with his expertise, experience, enthusiasm and in-depth knowledge of Right: the PRC, Taiwan and Hong Kong, as Steve Orlins chats with well as their people and language. He PRC graduate students at also brings a passion for U.S.-China the Committee’s Foreign relations that is inspiring to all who Policy Colloquium in meet him. Welcome aboard, Steve! I Washington, D.C. A MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT in province, where over 25 percent of the population lives below the poverty line. A discussion in Lanzhou with Liu Xiaoming, the deputy governor of U.S.-China Congressional the province and former deputy chief of mission at the PRC embassy in 3 Washington, helped to put a human face

on the development of the west – as did a N Working Group Visit to China pick-up basketball game with local students! From Lanzhou our delegation O flew to Jiuquan, the beginning of the Great Wall and the staging area for our

four-hour drive across the Gobi Dessert to T the manned space launch facility. Space

agency representatives explained that we E were the first foreign delegation to tour

the facility since manned space flight S began in China and that the visit was personally approved by the Minister of Defense. Congressman Feeney, whose district includes the Kennedy Space Center, concluded that the Chinese facility was more modern and practical than ours. After another four-hour drive across the Gobi we returned to Jiuquan, flew back to Lanzhou and then im- mediately on to . A day which began at 6:00 AM with our setting out Left: across the Gobi to see the space center ended at 2:00 AM in Shanghai – so much Rep. Mark Kirk, for Congressional junkets! co-chair of the U.S.- Among the highlights of our 30-hour China Congressional stay in Shanghai were meetings with the Working Group, and mayor, chairman of the Municipal , CNOOC’s failed acquisition of strated that our Chinese hosts clearly People’s Congress, U.S. counsel general, chairman of the UNOCAL last summer as a result of understood the significance of the and the American business community; a National People’s Congressional objections is a vivid Congress in U.S.-China relations and Sunday morning church service; and a Congress. reminder of the importance of the appreciate the role that the Working seven-minute ride to the airport on Congress in U.S.-China relations. As I Group is playing in educating members Shanghai’s new magnetic levitation train. said at our November Members’ about China. In Beijing, we met with the Like all of the senior Chinese officials Meeting, since too many on Capitol Hill chairman of the National People’s that we met, Shanghai Mayor do not adequately understand China or Congress (NPC), Wu Bangguo, who is was well-briefed, helpful and extremely U.S.-China relations, there is a valuable second in rank only to President Hu impressive. One of the lighter moments role for the National Committee to Jintao; the ministers of defense and of the trip was the Mayor’s surprise that play in Congressional and leadership commerce; the secretary general of the the U.S. wants to play an exhibition education. NPC and the chairman of the its Foreign soccer game in Shanghai. “We certainly The NCUSCR took a major step in Affairs Committee; the governor of should be able to field a team to compete this direction in January when, for the first Gansu; and the vice ministers of the with the Americans.” And the time in many years, it arranged, funded National Development and Reform Congressmen’s surprise, “Against the and accompanied a Congressional Commission and the Ministry of Foreign Chicago Bears?” And my insertion, “We delegation to China. The delegation was Affairs. In addition, the minister are talking about olive ball.” And the composed of the two co-chairs of the counselor/head of Congressional relations mayor’s immediate understanding, “So newly formed bipartisan U.S.-China in the PRC embassy in Washington we will have to reline our field.” If the Congressional Working Group, Mark Kirk accompanied us the entire trip. The Seahawks and the Bears play an (R-Ill.) and Rick Larsen (D-Wash.), along Congressmen also welcomed op- exhibition game in Shanghai in the next with a member of the Group, Tom portunities to hear the frontline few years, we certainly can say the Feeney (R-Fla.). I accompanied the perspectives of NCUSCR members, the National Committee helped set it up. delegation on the eight-day visit to American business community, the U.S. Our final day and a half was spent in Beijing, Lanzhou, Jiuquan, Shanghai and ambassador and embassy staff. Hong Kong, where the Congressmen Hong Kong. The Congressmen seized the chance found the differing views between the The quality of the meetings and to look beyond the growth and dynamism seniority of our interlocutors demon- of Beijing and Shanghai during two days continued on back cover Successful National Committee Gala Honors Four Business Leaders 4 S Four leaders in the fields of communications, finance and education E were recognized for their outstanding contributions to U.S.-China relations at T the National Committee’s Gala Dinner, held on September 21 in New York City.

O Five hundred and fifty guests were on hand to honor Karen Elliott House, publisher of and N senior vice president of Dow Jones & Co., Inc; Liu Chuanzhi, chairman of Limited and founder of ; Frederick W. Smith, chairman, president and chief executive officer of FedEx Corporation; and John L. Thornton, director of the Global Leader- ship Program at Tsinghua University and former president and co-chief operating officer of Goldman Sachs. The honorees’ professional achieve- ments are clear indicators of the evolving scope and increasing sophistication of Sino-American relations. Karen House oversees the largest publishing staff in National Committee chair Carla Hills and president Steve Orlins (center) are joined by China’s Ambassador China of any English language Zhou Wenzhong and his wife, Madame Xie Shuming (left) and Ambassador to the United Nations newspaper and has helped establish the Guangya and his wife, Madame Cong Jun (right). Photo by: Elsa Ruiz Wall Street Journal Online. Liu Chuanzhi began his career as an engineer at the Chinese Academy of Science’s Institute of Computing Technology and then became one of China’s first major entrepreneurs, building the powerhouse Chinese computer company Lenovo – a name that has become more familiar to Americans since its acquisition of IBM’s PC business in 2004. Fred Smith who founded and leads FedEx foresaw China’s potential two decades ago and since then has contributed tremendously to China’s integration in the global economy and closer U.S.-China relations. John Thornton’s recognition of China’s pivotal role in shaping international political and economic affairs inspired his second career as a professor at Tsinghua University training young leaders in China. Deputy Secretary of State Robert B. Zoellick gave a major foreign policy Former Ambassador to China J. Stapleton Roy congratulates honoree Liu Chuanzhi, chairman of Legend address in which he laid out the Bush Holdings Limited and founder of Lenovo. Photo by: Elsa Ruiz Administration’s views on engaging China as a stakeholder in the inter- national system (see page 6). Letters of congratulation from Presidents George W. Bush and were read, and we were honored to have had with us Ambassadors Zhou Wenzhong (PRC 5 Ambassador to the United States) and

Wang Guangya (PRC Ambassador to the N United Nations). This was the National Committee’s O most successful Gala, with more than 60 sponsoring companies supporting the

event. The Committee extends its deep T appreciation to honorees, directors,

members, sponsors and others who E generously contributed their time and

resources to the Gala. I S

The honorees’ professional achievements are clear indicators of the evolving scope and increasing sophistication of Sino- American relations.

Top Left: News Corp. chairman and chief executive Rupert Murdoch speaks with honoree John Thornton, professor of global leadership at Tsinghua University and chairman of the Board of Brookings Institution.

Above Right: Keynote speaker Robert B. Zoellick (right) is greeted by (left to right) Peter Kann, chairman and CEO of Dow Jones; Robert Hormats, vice chairman of Goldman Sachs; and honoree Karen Elliott House, publisher of The Wall Street Journal.

Bottom Left: Former Ambassador to China James R. Sasser and National Committee president Steve Orlins present an award to Michael Ducker, who represented FedEx leader Frederick W. Smith at the Gala. All photos this page by: Elsa Ruiz China is big, it is growing, and it will “Whither China? From influence the world in the years ahead. For the United States and the world, the essential question is – how will China Membership to Responsibility” use its influence? 6 To answer that question, it is time to take our policy beyond opening doors to China’s membership into the inter- national system: We need to urge China

S Remarks to the National Committee on to become a responsible stakeholder in U.S.-China Relations that system.

E China has a responsibility to strength- September 21, 2005 globalization rather than detach them- en the international system that has

T New York City selves from it." enabled its success. In doing so, China Seven U.S. presidents of both parties could achieve the objective identified by Deputy Secretary of State Robert Zoellick’s recognized this strategic shift and worked Mr. Zheng: "to transcend the traditional O keynote address to the National Committee’s to integrate China as a full member of the ways for great powers to emerge." Members’ Gala calling for China to be a international system. Since 1978, the As Secretary Rice has stated, the

N “responsible stakeholder” sparked immediate United States has also encouraged United States welcomes a confident, and still-continuing discussion, not just in the China’s economic development through peaceful, and prosperous China, one that United States and China, but among people market reforms. appreciates that its growth and de- everywhere who are interested in the PRC’s Our policy has succeeded remarkably velopment depends on constructive con- development as an influential player on the well: the dragon emerged and joined the nections with the rest of the world. world scene. The following is a transcript of world. Today, from the United Nations to Indeed, we hope to intensify work with a Secretary Zoellick’s remarks. the World Trade Organization, from China that not only adjusts to the agreements on ozone depletion to pacts international rules developed over the on nuclear weapons, China is a player at last century, but also joins us and others the table. to address the challenges of the new Earlier this year, I had the pleasure of And China has experienced ex- century. making the acquaintance of Mr. Zheng ceptional economic growth. Whether in From China’s perspective, it would Bijian, chair of the China Reform Forum, commodities, clothing, computers, or seem that its national interest would be who over some decades has been a capital markets, China’s presence is felt much better served by working with us to counselor to China’s leaders. We have every day. shape the future international system. spent many hours in Beijing and Washington discussing China’s course of development and Sino-American relations. It has been my good fortune to get to know such a thoughtful man who has helped influence, through the Central Party School, the outlook of many officials during a time of tremendous change for China. This month, in anticipation of President Hu’s visit to the United States, Mr. Zheng published the lead article in Foreign Affairs, "China’s ‘Peaceful Rise’ to Great Power Status." This evening, I would like to give you a sense of the current dialogue between the United States and China by sharing my perspective. Some 27 years ago, Chinese leaders took a hard look at their country and didn’t like what they saw. China was just emerging from the . It was desperately poor, deliberately isolated from the world economy, and opposed to nearly every internation- al institution. Under , as Deputy Secretary of State Robert B. Zoellick gives a major foreign policy address in which he laid out the Bush Administration’s views on engaging China as a stakeholder in the international system. Mr. Zheng explains, China’s leaders re- Photo by: Elsa Ruiz versed course and decided "to embrace If it isn’t clear why the United States enormous internal challenges. While indicates at best a blindness to should suggest a cooperative relationship proud of their accomplishments, China’s consequences and at worst something with China, consider the alternatives. leaders recognize their country’s more ominous. China’s actions – Picture the wide range of global perceived weaknesses, its rural poverty, combined with a lack of transparency – challenges we face in the years ahead – and the challenges of political and social can create risks. Uncertainties about how terrorism and extremists exploiting Islam, change. Two-thirds of China’s population China will use its power will lead the 7 the proliferation of weapons of mass – nearly 900 million people – are in poor United States – and others as well – to destruction, poverty, disease – and ask rural areas, living mostly as subsistence hedge relations with China. Many N whether it would be easier or harder to farmers, and 200 million Chinese live on countries hope China will pursue a

handle those problems if the United less than a dollar a day. In China, "Peaceful Rise," but none will bet their O States and China were cooperating or at economic growth is seen as an internal future on it. odds. imperative, not as a challenge to the For example, China’s rapid military For fifty years, our policy was to fence United States. modernization and increases in T in the Soviet Union while its own internal Therefore, China clearly needs a capabilities raise questions about the contradictions undermined it. For thirty benign international environment for its purposes of this buildup and China’s lack E years, our policy has been to draw out the work at home. Of course, the Chinese of transparency. The recent report by the People’s Republic of China. As a result, expect to be treated with respect and will U.S. Department of Defense on China’s S the China of today is simply not the want to have their views and interests military posture was not confrontational, Soviet Union of the late 1940s: recognized. But China does not want a although China’s reaction to it was. The conflict with the United States. U.S. report described facts, including · It does not seek to spread radical, anti- Nevertheless, many Americans worry what we know about China’s military, and American ideologies. discussed alternative scenarios. If China wants to lessen anxieties, it should openly · While not yet democratic, it does not explain its defense spending, intentions, see itself in a twilight conflict against doctrine, and military exercises. democracy around the globe. Views about China are also shaped by …the United States its growing economic footprint. China has · While at times mercantilist, it does not welcomes a confident, gained much from its membership in an see itself in a death struggle with peaceful, and prosperous open, rules-based international economic capitalism. system, and the U.S. market is China, one that particularly important for China’s · And most importantly, China does not appreciates that its development strategy. Many gain from believe that its future depends on growth and development this trade, including millions of U.S. overturning the fundamental order of depend on constructive farmers and workers who produce the the international system. In fact, quite connections with the commodities, components, and capital the reverse: Chinese leaders have rest of the world... goods that China is so voraciously decided that their success depends on consuming. being networked with the modern But no other country – certainly not world. those of the European Union or Japan – would accept a $162 billion bilateral trade If the Cold War analogy does not apply, deficit, contributing to a $665 billion neither does the distant balance-of-power that the will prove to be global current account deficit. China – politics of 19th Century Europe. The a fire-breather. There is a cauldron of and others that sell to China – cannot take global economy of the 21st Century is a anxiety about China. its access to the U.S. market for granted. tightly woven fabric. We are too The U.S. business community, which Protectionist pressures are growing. interconnected to try to hold China at in the 1990s saw China as a land of China has been more open than many arm’s length, hoping to promote other opportunity, now has a more mixed developing countries, but there are powers in Asia at its expense. Nor would assessment. Smaller companies worry increasing signs of mercantilism, with the other powers hold China at bay, about Chinese competition, rampant policies that seek to direct markets rather initiating and terminating ties based on an piracy, counterfeiting, and currency than opening them. The United States old model of drawing-room diplomacy. manipulation. Even larger U.S. will not be able to sustain an open The United States seeks constructive businesses – once the backbone of international economic system – or relations with all countries that do not support for economic engagement – are domestic U.S. support for such a system – threaten peace and security. concerned that mercantilist Chinese without greater cooperation from China, So if the templates of the past do not policies will try to direct controlled as a stakeholder that shares responsibility fit, how should we view China at the markets instead of opening competitive on international economic issues. dawn of the 21st century? markets. American workers wonder if For example, a responsible major On both sides, there is a gulf in they can compete. global player shouldn’t tolerate rampant perceptions. The overwhelming priority China needs to recognize how its of China’s senior officials is to develop and actions are perceived by others. China’s modernize a China that still faces involvement with troublesome states continued on next page “Whither China?...”, promote their national interests. cold armistice, just falls further behind. continued from page 7 Responsible stakeholders go further: Beijing also has a strong interest in theft of intellectual property and They recognize that the international working with us to halt the proliferation counterfeiting, both of which strike at the system sustains their peaceful prosperity, of weapons of mass destruction and heart of America’s knowledge economy. so they work to sustain that system. In its missiles that can deliver them. The 8 China’s pledges – including a statement foreign policy, China has many oppor- proliferation of danger will undermine just last week by President Hu in New tunities to be a responsible stakeholder. the benign security environment and York – to crack down on the criminals who The most pressing opportunity is healthy international economy that China ply this trade are welcome, but the results North Korea. Since hosting the Six-Party needs for its development.

S are not yet evident. China needs to fully Talks at their inception in 2003, China China’s actions on Iran’s nuclear live up to its commitments to markets has played a constructive role. This week program will reveal the seriousness of

E where America has a strong competitive we achieved a Joint Statement of China’s commitment to non-proliferation. advantage, such as in services, agriculture, Principles, with an agreement on the goal And while we welcome China’s efforts to

T and certain manufactured goods. And of "verifiable denuclearization of the police its own behavior through new while China’s exchange rate policy Korean peninsula in a peaceful manner." export controls on sensitive technology, offered stability in the past, times have But the hard work of implementation lies we still need to see tough legal pun- O changed. China may have a global current ahead, and China should share our ishments for violators. account surplus this year of nearly $150 interest in effective and comprehensive China and the United States can do

N billion, among the highest in the world. compliance. more together in the global fight against This suggests that China’s recent policy terrorism. Chinese citizens have been adjustments are an initial step, but much victims of terror attacks in Pakistan and more remains to be done to permit Afghanistan. China can help destroy the markets to adjust to imbalances. China supply lines of global terrorism. We have also shares a strong interest with the made a good start by working together at United States in negotiating a successful the UN and searching for terrorist money WTO Doha agreement that opens in Chinese banks, but can expand our markets and expands global growth. cooperation further. China’s economic growth is driving its China pledged $150 million in thirst for energy. In response, China is assistance to Afghanistan, and $25 million acting as if it can somehow "lock up" How to deal with to Iraq. These pledges were welcome, energy supplies around the world. This is China’s rising power and we look forward to their full im- not a sensible path to achieving energy is a central question plementation. China would build strong- security. Moreover, a mercantilist strategy in American er ties with both through follow-on leads to partnerships with regimes that foreign policy. pledges. Other countries are assisting the hurt China’s reputation and lead others to new Iraqi government with major debt question its intentions. In contrast, forgiveness, focusing attention on the $7 market strategies can lessen volatility, billion in Iraqi debt still held by Chinese instability, and hoarding. China should state companies. work with the United States and others On my early morning runs in Khartoum, to develop diverse sources of energy, I saw Chinese doing tai chi exercises. I including through clean coal technology, suspect they were in Sudan for the oil nuclear, renewables, hydrogen, and business. But China should take more biofuels. Our new Asia Pacific than oil from Sudan – it should take some Partnership on Clean Development and responsibility for resolving Sudan’s Climate – as well as the bilateral dialogue Moreover, the North Korea problem is human crisis. It could work with the conducted by the U.S. Department of about more than just the spread of United States, the UN, and others to Energy and China’s National De- dangerous weapons. Without broad support the African Union’s peace- velopment and Reform Commission – economic and political reform, North keeping mission, to provide humanitarian offer practical mechanisms for this Korea poses a threat to itself and others. It relief to Darfur, and to promote a solution cooperation. We should also encourage is time to move beyond the half century- to Sudan’s conflicts. the opening of oil and gas production in old armistice on the Korean peninsula to In Asia, China is already playing a more places around the world. We can a true peace, with regional security and larger role. The United States respects work on energy conservation and development. A Korean peninsula China’s interests in the region, and efficiency, including through standards without nuclear weapons opens the door recognizes the useful role of multilateral for the many appliances made in China. to this future. Some 30 years ago America diplomacy in Asia. But concerns will grow Through the IEA we can strengthen the ended its war in Viet Nam. Today Viet if China seeks to maneuver toward a building and management of strategic Nam looks to the United States to help predominance of power. Instead, we reserves. We also have a common interest integrate it into the world market should work together with ASEAN, in secure transport routes and security in economic system so Viet Nam can Japan, , and others for regional producing countries. improve the lives of its people. By security and prosperity through the All nations conduct diplomacy to contrast, North Korea, with a 50 year-old ASEAN Regional Forum and the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation forum. Japan and South Korea have successfully guarantees of rights that exist on paper – China’s choices about Taiwan will blended a Confucian heritage with but not in practice. send an important message, too. We have modern democratic principles. Ladies and Gentlemen: How we deal made clear that our "one China" policy re- Closed politics cannot be a permanent with China’s rising power is a central mains based on the three communiqués feature of Chinese society. It is simply not question in American foreign policy. and the Taiwan Relations Act. It is im- sustainable – as economic growth In China and the United States, Mr. 9 portant for China to resolve its dif- continues, better-off Chinese will want a Zheng’s idea of a "peaceful rise" will spur ferences with Taiwan peacefully. greater say in their future, and pressure vibrant debate. The world will look to the N The United States, Japan, and China builds for political reform: evidence of actions.

will need to cooperate effectively Tonight I have suggested that the U.S. O together on both regional and global · China has one umbrella labor union, response should be to help foster challenges. Given China’s terrible losses but waves of strikes. constructive action by transforming our in World War II, I appreciate the · A party that came to power as a move- thirty-year policy of integration: We now T sensitivity of historical issues with Japan. ment of peasants now confronts violent need to encourage China to become a But as I have told my Chinese colleagues, rural protests, especially against responsible stakeholder in the E I have observed some sizeable gaps in corruption. international system. As a responsible China’s telling of history, too. When I · A government with massive police stakeholder, China would be more than S visited the "918" museum at the site of powers cannot control spreading crime. just a member – it would work with us to the 1931 "Manchurian Incident," I noted sustain the international system that has that the chronological account jumped enabled its success. from 1941 to the Soviet offensive against Cooperation as stakeholders will not Japan in August 1945, overlooking the mean the absence of differences – we will United States involvement in the Pacific have disputes that we need to manage. from 1941 to 1945! Perhaps we could start Cooperation as But that management can take place to ease some misapprehensions by stakeholders will not within a larger framework where the opening a three-way dialogue among mean the absence of parties recognize a shared interest in historians. differences – we will sustaining political, economic, and Clearly, there are many common have disputes that we security systems that provide common interests and opportunities for benefits. cooperation. But some say America’s need to manage. But that To achieve this transformation of the commitment to democracy will preclude management can take Sino-American relationship, this long-term cooperation with China. Let place within a larger Administration – and those that follow it – me suggest why this need not be so. framework where the will need to build the foundation of Freedom lies at the heart of what parties recognize support at home. That’s particularly why America is… as a nation, we stand for a shared interest in I wanted to join you tonight. You hear the what President Bush calls the non- voices that perceive China solely through negotiable demands of human dignity. As sustaining political, the lens of fear. But America succeeds I have seen over the 25 years since I lived economic and security when we look to the future as an in Hong Kong, Asians have also pressed systems that provide opportunity, not when we fear what the for more freedom and built many more common benefits. future might bring. To succeed now, we democracies. Indeed, President Hu and will need all of you to press both the Premier Wen are talking about the Chinese and your fellow citizens. importance of China strengthening the When President Nixon visited Beijing rule of law and developing democratic in 1972, our relationship with China was institutions. Some in China believe they can secure defined by what we were both against. We do not urge the cause of freedom the Communist Party’s monopoly on Now we have the opportunity to define to weaken China. To the contrary, power through emphasizing economic our relationship by what are both for. President Bush has stressed that the growth and heightened nationalism. This We have many common interests with terrible experience of 9/11 has driven is risky and mistaken. China. But relationships built only on a home that in the absence of freedom, China needs a peaceful political coincidence of interests have shallow unhealthy societies will breed deadly transition to make its government roots. Relationships built on shared cancers. In his Second Inaugural, responsible and accountable to its people. interests and shared values are deep and President Bush recognized that Village and grassroots elections are a start. lasting. We can cooperate with the democratic institutions must reflect the They might be expanded – perhaps to emerging China of today, even as we work values and culture of diverse societies. As counties and provinces – as a next step. for the democratic China of tomorrow. I he said, "Our goal… is to help others find China needs to reform its judiciary. It their own voice, attain their own freedom, should open government processes to the and make their own way." involvement of civil society and stop Transcript can also be viewed at Being born ethnically Chinese does harassing journalists who point out http://www.state.gov/s/d/rem/53682.htm not predispose people against democracy problems. China should also expand – just look at Taiwan’s vibrant politics. religious freedom and make real the Members Meeting Focuses on U.S.-China Security Relations New Board 10 Appointments

Keith Abell Vice-Chairman, GSC Partners. S Two distinguished experts told During the business portion of the Founder and Chairman of China Interactive Media E National Committee members that meeting, Chair Carla Hills and President increasing transparency in China’s Steve Orlins highlighted some of the Group; Publisher of Time Out Beijing, Time Out Shanghai,

T military planning would be an important National Committee’s plans for the step in improving U.S.-China security coming year. One key focus for 2006 will Seventeen, among others. relations and that military-to-military be increased public outreach, particularly Former executive with The

O relations are a significant means of in areas outside New York and Blackstone Group, and reducing the misperceptions and Washington. A rapidly developing China Goldman, Sachs & Co. New

N miscalculations that can lead to conflict. has implications for Americans York, NY Richard Lawless, undersecretary of throughout the country, but programming defense for Asian and Pacific Affairs and on developments within China or in the National Committee board member Sino-American relationship tend to be Charles W. Freeman, III Admiral Dennis Blair, president of the limited to major cities. The National Counsel and Managing Institute for Defense Analyses and Committee expects to cooperate with Director, China Alliance, former commander-in-chief of the U.S. local civic organizations in bringing China Armstrong, Teasdale LLP. Pacific Command, shared their specialists to different areas of the country Former Assistant U.S. Trade perspectives from inside and outside the to address key topics. Representative for China and Pentagon at the Annual Members Members elected new directors to the aide to Senator Frank Meeting held November 9 in New York board of the National Committee, which Murkowski. Washington, City. Secretary of Defense Donald met the following day (see sidebar). The DC Rumsfeld’s October trip to China and the Committee is also pleased to have the Defense Department’s July report to following directors returning to the board: Congress, “The Military Power of the Dennis C. Blair, David R. Gergen, Cheng Li People’s Republic of China”, were the Maurice R. Greenberg, Jamie P. Horsley, William R. Kenan Professor foci of Secretary Lawless and Admiral Robert A. Levinson, D. Bruce McMahan, of Government and Chair of Blair in their off-the-record talk to over Robert S. MacNamara, Jerome A. Cohen, Asian Studies Program, one hundred Committee members and David M. Lampton, and Douglas P. Hamilton College. Non- friends. Murray. resident Senior Fellow, The Brookings Institution. Clinton, NY

Mark A. Schulz Executive Vice President, Ford Motor Company and President, International Operations. Dearborn, MI Right: Undersecretary of John L. Thornton defense for Asian and Chairman, The Brookings Pacific Affairs Institution. Professor and Richard Lawless (left) Director, Global Leadership and president of the Program, Tsinghua Institute for Defense University. Former President Analyses and former and Co-Chief Operating commander-in-chief of Officer, Goldman Sachs the U.S. Pacific Group. Far Hills, NJ Command Admiral Dennis Blair share perspectives on China’s increasing militarization. A member of the National Committee With Gratitude and for 20 years, Hank joined the Board in 1992, serving until his death. He was conscientious about attending meetings, Wonderful Memories where he dispensed straightforward, incisive advice that challenged the 11 Committee and his fellow board

members to think carefully about the N course it was charting and the best way to reach our goals. His sometimes gruff, no- O by Jan Berris nonsense exterior belied a compas- sionate, generous personality.

Several deaths occurred in the second half organizations that benefited from The Committee paid tribute to Hank T of 2005 that diminished the National Caroline’s drive and determination. Her at our 1993 gala that honored the Luce

Committee family. other major China-related work was as and Rockefeller families, and Caroline E founder, chair and unflagging enthusiast was one of five women honored at our

of the Los Angeles- Sister 1995 gala. We are grateful that we had the S City Committee, but she was also a strong opportunity to publicly acknowledge how Caroline Ahmanson died in June at the supporter of causes ranging from much they had both done not only for the age of 83. One of our most active and education to conservation to finance to Committee, but for U.S.-China relations longest serving board members, Caroline the arts both locally and nationally. She as well. was fascinated by China from her first was a board member of some of the visit there in 1973. Upon her return to the largest companies and arts institutions in United States, she contacted the National Southern California, including the Walt Committee, offering to become involved; Disney Company (her help in getting us and she did just that, joining our Board special treatment at Disneyland and almost immediately and serving on it for Disneyworld made two decades of twenty years and then, after a brief hiatus, Chinese visitors very happy!) and the returning for another seven years. During Ahmanson Music center, named after her much of that time, she was one of our vice late husband; she was the first woman to chairmen; during all of that time, she chair a Federal Reserve Bank; and she sat worked energetically on behalf of the on several gubernatorial and presidential Committee – providing thoughtful committees. advice; arranging access to key American leaders in the corporate, political and cultural worlds; helping raise funds and Henry Luce III died in September at the age of 80. As the elder son of the founder and editor in chief of Time, Inc., it’s not surprising that Hank, as he preferred to be known, went into the news business, Patty Crowley died in November. She Left: beginning as a correspondent for Time was 92, but the members of the many Caroline Ahmanson magazine and subsequently moving into Chinese delegations she so graciously at a National administration, culminating with his hosted for us in her home always thought Committee board service as publisher of both Fortune and she was at least 20 years younger. They meeting. Time magazines. However, it was through could hardly believe that someone her his devoted work with the Henry Luce age could be so energetic and were Above Right: Foundation that the Committee knew amazed that she lived alone (on the 88th Hank Luce and him best. He became president and chief floor of the Hancock Building with an Chinese Ambassador executive of the Foundation in 1958 and incredible view of Chicago), single- to the United States was chairman and CEO from 1990 until handedly cooked them a delicious meal, Zhou Wenzhong. 2002, when he was named chairman engaged them in spirited discussion contributing very generously herself; and emeritus. The Foundation, established about a variety of political and social welcoming countless Chinese visitors to in 1936 with Time, Inc. stock, supports issues and was so active in the com- her beloved Los Angeles (often waiting programs in Asian affairs, higher munity. at the airport to greet them and waving education, theology, engineering, Patty and her husband Patrick became goodbye as they departed) and to her environment, and women in science. members of the National Committee in beautiful penthouse apartment. Nothing Hank was extremely knowledgeable and 1973, having served as the co-chairs of the was too large or small a task for her; and very passionate about all of these areas. Chicago Welcoming Committee for the whatever she did, it was always with However, given his family’s close Shenyang Acrobats. Both were warm, charm, grace, generosity, and a big smile. connection with China, that was where The Committee was but one of many his heart lay. continued on next page extent that he was known to many as The National Committee also lost a “Mr. Automation.” good Chinese friend in December – His obituary in Wang Daohan, former mayor of called him a visionary thinker and a Shanghai and head of the Association for of high technology; he was a Relations across the Taiwan Strait 12 visionary on China as well, joining the (ARATS), who died at the age of 85. National Committee in our early years His first trip to the United States, in and having the foresight to encourage his 1983, was at the invitation of then-San 11-year-old daughter to study Chinese. Francisco Mayor Diane Feinstein; her

S John joined the Committee Board in office asked the Committee to host the 1969 and went to China with the first New York City portion of Mayor Wang’s board delegation in November, 1972. He E served for many years on the executive committee and as our treasurer, providing T over two decades of sound, practical generous, gregarious people who were advice. He encouraged the Committee

O very active in the Catholic church (for to conceptualize its work better, and his which they were awarded a papal medal acumen and expertise in finances and by Pope Pius XII) and in Democratic N management assisted in shaping the politics. They shared a love of children: Committee’s structure and efficiency. His they had five of their own, took in 14 office, his home and his Harvard club foster children (adopting the last of membership were always available for these), and welcomed scores of foreign Committee use. He was polite and students and countless visitors to their gracious: his member’s file at the home. Even after Pat died, Patty continued to open her home and heart to those who needed her. She was a board member of the Chicago Housing Authority, and served on the boards of variety of civic, religious and feminist The Committee was groups. In 1985 she and a few friends extraordinarily fortunate founded Deborah’s Place, which has to have benefited from visit. In 1991, he was the senior advisor become the largest private, multi-service the integrity, strength, to a delegation of mayors, led by then- shelter operation for homeless women in munificence, foresight Shanghai Mayor , that came to Chicago. She served on the National and commitment the States under National Committee Committee board from 1974 to 1979 but auspices. In 1997, the Committee was always available to help whenever of these people. welcomed Mayor Wang on a 4-city private we called. visit to this country. From 1998 to quite recently, Mayor Wang headed the Chinese team that worked with the National Committee joint Stanford- As a Harvard Business school student, Committee is filled with brief notes, Harvard Preventive Defense Project on John Diebold wrote a paper which he thanking various staff members for their an annual dialogue on cross-Strait and later expanded into a book titled assistance in matters large and small. We Northeast Asia security issues. Automation: the Advent of the Automatic are grateful that he shared his many He was a powerful force, accomplish- Factory, popularizing the word to the talents with us and we are a better ing much both in and out of his various organization for it. government positions. He will be Above Left: The Committee was extraordinarily remembered by millions for his political Patty Crowley with fortunate to have benefited from the accomplishments and for the amazing a member of the integrity, strength, munificence, foresight energy and passion he devoted to People’s Bank of and commitment of these four people. Shanghai, to China as a whole and to China Workshop Between them they served on the board cross-Strait issues. Delegation. for 61 years, and we were privileged to We at the National Committee will have had so much of their time and remember him for those accomplish- Right: attention, especially given how involved ments as well, but as we were privileged Wang Daohan with they all were with their own work, and to know him personally, we will also General Brent other public service. We will miss their remember him for the gentle side of his Scowcroft wise counsel, wonderful hospitality, nature, his courtliness, his unquenchable financial generosity, and passion for China thirst for new knowledge, the ever- Below Left: and the Chinese people. present twinkle in his eye, and his love of a good, bowl of steaming hot noodles late John Diebold at night! I A. Doak Barnett Essay Contest FIRST PLACE- AMERICAN 13 N

Allison Kaufman, O University of California, Berkeley T E S The annual A. Doak Barnett essay contest was “Talk Matters: established four years ago with generous donations from his family and friends. Misperception and The contest honors the founding National the Management Committee member and former chairman by of Disagreement encouraging and recognizing original thinking and clear writing on Sino-American relations. It is open in U.S.-China to American and Chinese students who are currently Relations” enrolled in a graduate program or who have received a graduate degree within the past 12 months. All students are asked to write about the same topic. This year, applicants were asked to discuss any issue of consequence in U.S. - China While there are a number of areas of relations, and what might be done to address disagreement between the United States this issue. and China, one fundamental and ongoing Members of the contest’s planning committee select issue in the bilateral relationship is the one winner and one honorable mention each from perception, and misperception, of one the American and Chinese entries. This issue of another’s major concerns. The Notes features the full-length essay of American seriousness of this issue cannot be overlooked: existing tensions are winner Allison Kaufman, a Ph.D. candidate in exacerbated or calmed by the rhetoric Political Science at the University of California- and perceptions on each side. As an Berkeley, and the abridged version of the essay of example, consider the 1999 U.S. bombing Chinese honorable mention Tao Xie, a Ph.D. of the Chinese embassy in Belgrade. candidate in Political Science at Northwestern While the United States explained that University. In the next issue, we will publish the the disaster was an accident and issued a essay of Chinese winner Wei Han, a Master’s public apology, many Chinese people candidate in International Relations at Tufts viewed it as a deliberate attempt to University, and an abridged version of American violate the PRC’s “sovereignty and 1 honorable mention Benjamin Hopkins, a Ph.D. dignity.” Such varied interpretations candidate in Anthropology at Columbia University. reflect long-standing misunderstandings and grievances about the intentions of the All four selected essays will be published in their other side. These intentions remain entirety on the National Committee website. especially clouded by the entanglement on both sides of material interests, such as trade and arms control, and value- based interests, such as human rights and national sovereignty. Publicly, both countries often approach their concerns in terms of values – the United States emphasizing human rights and freedoms, the Chinese side

continued on next page A. Doak Barnett Essay Contest, beside the point. Beliefs are a real factor non-violent crimes rather than for a continued from page 13 in international relations, and must be specific group of people (e.g. Christians pushing for national sovereignty and the carefully considered in negotiating a way or democracy activists), and by using the ability of states to handle domestic affairs forward. Of course, there are some areas language of the Chinese government without outside interference, while of disagreement that are likely to remain rather than of American-based human 14 remaining convinced that the other side intractable. Nonetheless, the ability of rights groups, Kamm believes that he is is merely using such talk to mask its the two sides to compromise on difficult able to convey both his respect for “true” material interests. Hence, the issues is hampered by misperceptions Chinese concerns, and the seriousness of Chinese government and popular media that are, to a considerable extent, within his commitment to human rights. By

S depict the United States as a nation the power of the two sides to correct. pursuing the same issue for an extended seeking to maintain global hegemony and To begin to ameliorate these period of time, and building relationships misperceptions, the United States and with the Chinese government officials in E “contain” China, while one American perception is that China has expansionist China need to do two things: first, they charge of such affairs, he shows that he aspirations. must show that their beliefs are sincere can be considered a long-term partner in T Both sides scoff at the other’s value- rather than a hedge for material interests; these efforts. based rhetoric. Policies that have directly and second, they must separate This example suggests that trust is a

O tied value-oriented language to material discussion of the two so that issues which vital component of improving interests have increased these tensions: require different solutions are not perceptions. This trust must be built

N consider the annual review of China’s conflated. This means devising a plan both on an individual basis – hence the Most Favored Nation (MFN) status, tied that is, as one recent report put it, “long- importance of filling national advisory and until 2000 to China’s human rights record. range” and “consistent,”2 rather than diplomatic positions with people who Although Congressional reports often coming up with solutions in one sphere – have deep experience in the other showed little progress on the issues, trade sanctions, for instance – to solve country – and on an institutional level. MFN status was This suggests several nonetheless renewed interrelated strategies: year after year, increasing 1. Value-based and suspicions on the The problem is not just that the United States material interests need to Chinese side that the seeks an expansion of specifically-defined human be decoupled in bilateral Congress’s main aim was rights in China, or that China seeks sanction diplomacy. The problem to publicly humiliate for its protection of sovereignty is not just that the United China without harming States seeks an expansion U.S. trade interests. in various spheres...but that both countries of specifically-defined Similarly, many American are suspicious of the motives of the other , or observers are convinced in pursuing these goals. that China seeks sanction that the Chinese for its protection of government manipulates sovereignty in various nationalistic language on spheres – goals that the issues such as the Belgrade bombing and problems in the other. By maintaining a other side might not support – but that territorial disputes with Japan, rather than consistently strong message on value- both countries are suspicious of the understanding that these expressions of based issues even in times of crisis, the motives of the other in pursuing these nationalism may reflect genuine concerns stage is set for longer-term negotiations. goals. One might argue that decoupling on the part of the Chinese government The approach of John Kamm, director value-based from material concerns may and people. The fact that such value- of the Duihua (“Dialogue”) Foundation, decrease the incentives to focus on values based discussions are muted when is instructive in this regard. Kamm works at all, but there is little evidence to pressing national interests come to the for the release, or at least improved suggest that combining them has positive fore – as with the war on terror – further treatment, of persons who are viewed in long-term effects. Indeed, given the heightens both sides’ sense that the other the United States as Chinese political tendency of both sides to tone down is insincere. prisoners, and who represent an value-based concerns in times of crisis, Yet eliminating values as a topic of important element of American value- separating the two sets of issues may be discussion in U.S.-China relations will not based discussions. His strategy revolves the only way to ensure that value-based do. These are real, substantial around uncovering the names of Chinese issues remain a consistent point of differences, highlighting distinct beliefs non-violent criminals from publicly discussion. and aspirations. China indeed has a long- available sources, inquiring after them 2. Leaders appealing to domestic standing, historical grievance against using the names of the crimes under constituencies in both countries – as they other countries’ attempts to infringe on its which they were incarcerated (e.g. inevitably must do – need to consider national borders. Conversely, many endangering state security) rather than alternate and possibly narrower language American citizens and members of the generic and inflammatory term that will satisfy these constituencies while Congress fervently believe that it is political prisoner, and following up with not unnecessarily raising hackles in the America’s mission and duty to promote appropriate Chinese officials. By limiting bilateral relationship. Kamm’s example is human rights around the world. To say his demands to specific people, by useful here: by using the Chinese terms that these beliefs are off the mark, or that depoliticizing his concerns by focusing on to refer to specific crimes, he they reflect unrealistic assumptions, is improved conditions for all prisoners of acknowledges that the Chinese perspective differs from the American a larger part in international affairs, some as by international forces. Consummate perspective, without softening his actual conflict over this power balance remains leadership, subtle diplomacy, and mutual demands for information. Excessively inevitable. Nonetheless, beginning to understanding are required to manage generalized language can also backfire: repair the largely damaged perceptual this relationship. China, for instance, has recently released relationship between the United States From the Chinese perspective, its own highly publicized human rights and the People’s Republic of China is a Congress is the single most important 15 report castigating the United States for its crucial step toward productive and long- domestic force in the United States that

offenses. With a narrower focus on term dialogue. I has made the management of this N particular elements that concern each relationship anything but easy. Now the side, rather than a generalized (and 1 Quoted in Peter Hays Gries, “Tears of Rage: crucial question for the Chinese O insoluble) language of human rights or Chinese Nationalist Reactions to the Belgrade government is the following: what, if sovereignty, more actual progress may be Embassy Bombing,” The China Journal 46 anything, can be done to deal with a made without risking unnecessary (July 2001), p. 32. China-unfriendly Congress? T tensions over language that could easily First, policymakers in Beijing must 2 be modified. “Formulating U.S. Strategies toward the have an adequate understanding of E 3. Leaders and policy-makers should ‘China Challenge,’” U.S. Institute of Peace, Congress’ role in the formulation of China

learn to apply their labels more sparingly. http://www.usip.org/pubs/peaceworks/chen21/ policy. Second, China must realize that S Not every issue in China is a human chap4_21.html in a representative democracy, the rights violation, and not every decision influence of constituency interests is against the PRC in the international arena pervasive and powerful. Third, Chinese exemplifies an attempt to infringe on leadership should be cautious in China’s internal affairs. This means responding to partisan Congressional downplaying inflammatory language skirmishes related to China policy. where it does not apply. There are, of Abridged version of Fourth, China’s leaders should pay course, other reasons to use such special attention to the Senate. After all, language, particularly to fan the flames of without Senate consent, no bill can domestic nationalism or other sources of become public law; and, more regime legitimacy, which applies to both HONORABLE importantly, the Senate has more power countries, but, ultimately, stimulating in the foreign policy arena than the House reactions from citizens and officials can MENTION- of Representatives. Last, but not least, curtail the government’s ability to modify CHINESE the Chinese leadership should avoid its policies at a later time, thus decreasing overreacting to congressional action on the possibility for substantive diplomatic human rights and Taiwan, two areas in progress. which Congress is most vocal. The best 4. Areas where progress has been approaches are practical: China can admit made on value-based issues should be Tao Xie, to human rights problems while engaging recognized. Censures by Congress of Tufts University in constructive talks with her American China’s human rights violations, or counterparts, and China can also give the China’s continued insistence that the benefit of the doubt to the executive United States does not respect other branch when disputes over Taiwan arise, nations’ sovereignty, lose their power if while at the same time speaking candidly they do not acknowledge that each side is “How to Deal to members of Congress – senators in aware of what the other has actually been with a particular – about her concerns. doing. By pointing to positive models of Congress has adopted an unam- desirable outcomes and giving praise for China-Unfriendly biguously unfriendly stance toward China areas in which progress has been made, Congress?” for a variety of reasons: power struggles the two countries show a mutual respect with the executive branch, constituency and attention that is necessary for them to interests, ideological considerations, and treat one another like equal partners in a partisan politics. Therefore, it is crucial relationship. imperative that the Chinese government Thus, both sides must learn to take develop strategies to manage an each other’s beliefs seriously, and to The relationship between the United unfriendly Congress. In the end, Chinese promote their own beliefs in such a way States and the People’s Republic of China policymakers must understand that that they deserve to be taken seriously. is arguably the most important whether they like it or not, Congress is a Will decoupling values and material international relationship in the world powerful force, and if China’s leaders concerns, and narrowing the language today. This relationship is a highly continue to ignore Congress, it is truly at used to discuss value-based issues, solve controversial and contentious one, their own peril. I all the problems existing in U.S.-China involving such issues as Taiwan, Tibet, relations? Of course not. There remain human rights, trade, and strategic rivalry. Full text available on the many substantive difficulties that require The relationship is also a fragile one that National Committee website. serious and continuous reflection. And, if can, and has been, severely upset by the two countries are indeed both seeking domestic factors in both societies, as well Thing,” was the theme for the fourth The Fourth Annual Young annual Young Leaders Forum (YLF), held October 21-25, 2005, in and Jiuzhaigou in Province. Leaders Forum Similar to Time magazine, the Young 16 Leaders Forum assembled a group of leaders who explored important trends and ideas of the future via panel discussions and personal exchanges. We S probed, discussed, and critiqued each The National Committee launched the other’s presentations in an interactive

E Young Leaders Forum (YLF) in 2002 as a cross-cultural laboratory that enhanced way of building personal and professional our understanding of the “The Next Big

T bridges between the next generation of leaders Thing” from a comparative and global from the United States and China. The venue “What’s Next?” perspective. for the annual 4-day Forum alternates

O The Young Leaders Forum brings between the United States and China, and together exceptional American and membership lasts for a minimum of 2 years,

N Chinese leaders, age 40 and under, to allowing each YLFer to attend a conference in by Roslyn Brock stimulate dialogue, improve each country. communication, and develop lasting AAt the fourth annual Forum in October, friendships. The annual program is held 2005, Fellows from the classes of 2003 through alternatively in China and the United 2005 (along with a few alumni from 2002) States. This unique social experiment, met together in Chengdu and Jiuzhaigou, The October 24, 2005 cover of Time begun in 2002, continues to reap a Sichuan. In this piece, Roslyn Brock, a three- magazine shows Apple CEO Steve Jobs bountiful harvest for its participants and year veteran of YLF (who is also the director proudly holding his company’s latest sponsors. In 2005, the latter included of System Fund Development at Bon Secours technological breakthrough, the new The Thornton Foundation, Time Health System, as well as the youngest person video iPod, in visual response to the bold, Warner, Inc., Shaklee Corporation and and first woman to serve as vice chair of the block-lettered question-posed-as-a- UPS. NAACP Board of Directors), shares her statement displayed on the giant iMac I was tapped as a new YLFer in 2003 observations and insights on the Forum. screen hovering below him: “What’s and, in October of that year, made my first Next.” The entire edition was devoted trip to China. I’ll never forget the early to exploring new developments from morning hike up Huang Shan or the technology to biology and beyond. breathtaking view from the banks of Coincidentally, that same basic ’s . Looking back on question, framed as “The Next Big the ‘03 trip and its theme – “Balancing

2005 Fellows Erik Paulsen Xu Zhiyong m Majority Leader, Founder, The Open Constitution

u Martha Aronson

r Minnesota House of Representatives Initiative; Lecturer of Law, University Vice President, Medtronic S.A.

o St. Paul, Minnesota of Post and Telecommunications

F Tolochenaz, Switzerland James Ryan Beijing

5 Bai Guangzhao William M. Matheson and Robert M. Yu Rong jun 0 Vice Secretary General, Qingdao

0 Morgenthau Distinguished Professor, Playwright and Director of Municipal People’s Government

2 University of Virginia School of Law Programming and Marketing, Qingdao, Charlottesville, Virginia Shanghai Dramatic Arts Centre e

h Vishaan Chakrabarti George Steel Shanghai t

Vice President, The Related Companies Executive Director, Miller Theatre, Zhang Yong t New York, New York

a Columbia University Deputy Chief for Economic Policy Mark Lundstrom New York, New York Research, Policy Research Office, s

r CEO, BioScale, Inc. Dacia Toll Zhejiang Provincial Government e Cambridge, Massachusetts Hangzhou, Zhejiang F President, Achievement First

L Andrew McLaughlin New Haven, Connecticut Zhu Yongzhong Y Senior Policy Counsel, Google Inc. Xiang Feng Founder and Director, Sanchuan New York, New York Development Association Senior Manager, Public Affair for Xining, Qinghai , UPS Beijing Kanping, editor of Green China Times; and Dr. Adam Kaplin, assistant professor of psychiatry at Johns Hopkins University. Together, we undertook the difficult task of trying to engage a diverse group of leaders in a discussion of where 17 healthcare, mental health, pharmaceuticals, medical devices, even N folk remedies, are heading next. Based

on the lively discussion that ensued, even O from the jet-lagged Americans, the 2005

YLF was off to a good start. T The remaining four panel groups led

discussions over the next two days that E were equally interesting, informative and

often quite spirited. A few highlights: As S part of the What’s Next in Technology discussion, Mark Lundstrom, a technology entrepreneur and CEO at BioScale, Inc., gave a riveting presentation on how his company has Change and Tradition” – I realized that I For “The Next Big Thing,” Fellows used nanotechnology to develop the gained a new appreciation for the were asked to share their thoughts on world’s most sensitive scales, capable of challenges associated with change in a future innovations and trends based upon measuring cells, proteins, and other growing social and political economy. My their professional or personal expertise in molecules. Tang Haisong, founder and Above Left: recollection of China was a country full of one of six areas: Health, Medicine & CEO of eTang.com, followed with a 2005 YLFers (and activity and promise. Cars, bicycles and Science; Technology; Art & Design; discussion of what’s next on the Web, some walking crowded busy narrow Business & Finance; Government; and quickly getting less Web-savvy YLFers performers) at the streets in the business districts. In rural Civil Society. Following our first up-to-date on Google maps, Flickr.com, farewell dinner in communities, new structures sprang from breakfast in Chengdu, we got right down blogging tools, and their Chinese online Jiuzhaigou, Sichuan. the earth symbolizing prosperity and to substance. I was selected to be the equivalents. hope. On this return trip to China in team leader for the Health, Medicine and The Civil Society panel, headlined by 2005, I noticed many new developments Science Panel that included Martha 2005 Fellows Zhu Yongzhong, founder in the country, as well as a sense of pride Aronson, vice president of Medtronic and director of the Sanchuan in the air that Beijing would be hosting Europe; Roger Barnett, chairman and the 2008 Summer Olympics. CEO of the Shaklee Corporation; Hu continued on next page Y

2004 Fellows Tucson, Arizona L

2003 Fellows Alexandra Harney F

Angela Chao e South China Correspondent, Senior Vice President, Roger Barnett r

Financial Times s Foremost Maritime Corporation Chairman and CEO, Shaklee Corp. Hong Kong New York, New York Pleasanton, California a Mark Kelly t

Hu Kanping Roslyn Brock t Astronaut, National Aeronautics and Founder and Editor, Director, Fund Development, h

Space Agency (NASA) e Green China Times Bon Secours Health System, Inc.; Houston, Texas Beijing Vice Chair, NAACP 2 Marriottsville, Maryland Li Hong 0

Adam Kaplin 0 Partner, Concord and Partners Du Chang-ping 5 Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, Law Offices

Department of Psychiatry and Vice Mayor, Fuyang Shanghai F Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Fuyang, o University School of Medicine William Wechsler r Stephan Fowlkes Vice President, Greenwich Associates u Baltimore, Maryland m Visual Artist and Educator Greenwich, Connecticut Tang Haisong Brooklyn, New York Founder and CEO, etang Weng Ling Shanghai Gabrielle Giffords Director, Shanghai Gallery of Art, Arizona State Senator Three On The Bund Managing Partner, Shanghai Giffords Capital Management Young Leaders Forum, , one of China’s most Mayor Du Changping led the Chinese continued from page 17 impressive national parks, where we delegation in singing Chinese Development Association in Qinghai, enjoyed not only pristine natural settings, revolutionary songs. Although I could not and Dacia Toll, president of Achievement but performances from residents of one of understand the words she sang, I felt the First, shared lessons learned in addressing the nine Tibetan villages in the . energy and passion that gave rise to each 18 the range of educational needs of children There are so many terrific memories song. Her rhythmic voice told the story from impoverished communities. Later that I could describe. One of the most of struggle and progress for the citizens of in the day, Vishaan Chakrabarti, vice memorable was the farewell dinner. After her country. In contrast, Americans sang president of The Related Companies, the formal entertainment of Tibetan “Swing Low, Sweet Chariot,” chock full S and Will Wechsler, vice president at songs and dances ended (and a bit of with dramatizations and emphasis on Greenwich Associates, engaged in an “social lubricant” had been applied), I ‘swing low.’ “What’s Next?” The E interesting cross-panel political debate was particularly struck by how the entire Chinese delegation sang “Do-Re-Mi” about the implications of space and from the Sound of Music in perfect T density in large-scale urban harmony. The Americans development projects. applauded wildly and joined in the

O An important element of YLF is singing. And to our delight, the the opportunity to experience On the walk up the mountain, Tibetan performers returned (after N indigenous culture and natural duties to the other patrons were environments in the host country. Mayor of Fuyang Du Chang-ping fulfilled) to join in the fun. Finally, Our time in Sichuan Province was said, “So Rosalyn, tell me after two hours of songs that peppered with activities that about this woman you call spanned every genre of Chinese enhanced our understanding of Rosa Parks.” and American music, we all stood China’s natural and historical together, locked arm-in-arm and resources as well as its economic raised our collective voice to sing growth. One was the breeding farm “Auld Lang Syne.” What a of Ren Xuping, a peasant entre- powerful testament to share with preneur known as the Rabbit King, group continued to bond together the world about strengthening alliances whose hard work and assistance from through music and singing. It was and enhancing com-munication in our Heifer International, an NGO that helps amazing to witness how the Americans global village. Our time together was families achieve sustainable livelihood and Chinese separated into their enhanced by our ability to put aside and provides training and economic respective corners and huddled together differences and seek a common assistance to communities, has made him to ask each other, “What’s Next? What understanding around issues that were a multi-millionaire. Another was the will we sing?” in a sort of “American Idol” important to us. Despite language incredible beauty of the Jiuzhaigou type frenzy. 2003 Fellow Fuyang Vice barriers, as well as cultural traditions and political ideologies, a relative group of strangers became true friends in the course of only a handful of days. For me, the most memorable experience of my three years as a YLFer took place during this year’s extension trip. Civil Rights icon Rosa Parks had died the day before and her picture was on the front page of the . On the walk up the mountain to view the immense Buddha, Mayor Du took me by the arm and said, “So Rosalyn, tell me about this woman you call Rosa Parks.” For her to ask me that YLFers on the question, and for me to be able to share Huanglong extension something so meaningful to me, was an trip: (front, left to intense, affirming and gratifying moment right) Zhang Yong, that captures the essence of the Young Xiang Feng, Gabrielle Leaders Forum and the bridges that it can Giffords, Mark Kelly build. (back, left to right) Yu The memory of this final gathering Rongjun, Erik will linger in the minds of all who Paulsen, Zhu participated in this year’s YLF as they Yongzhong, Stephan contemplate “What’s Next” for 2006. I Fowlkes. Fulbright-Hays Summer Seminar to National Committee China for Leaders of Minority Serving Institutions and provost of the University of Texas at Brownsville and Texas Educational Exchanges Southmost College (see Notes, Winter/Spring 2005, p. 18). He arranged 1920 a broad array of briefings and meetings at N N development sites that work closely with the college, such as the International O Technology, Education and Commerce O Campus, a former failing shopping center T purchased by the university several years T ago. It now serves as a site for traditional E classroom-based courses, a center for E distance learning, a host for a business S incubator, and a landlord for commercial S and non-profit tenants of enterprises with innovative and educational components. The group had the opportunity to spend time at a wide array of economic enterprises with university ties or university offices with local economic links such as a lab at the University of Left: Georgia dedicated to genetic engineering Fall Education of crops grown on nearby farms, and a Delegation after startup company in Athens that uses the meeting the director of results of university stem cell research in the St. Michael- seeking a cure for diabetes. Albertville Serendipitous moment: The Community president of UT Brownsville and Texas Education Center in Southmost College welcomed the Minnesota For over two decades, the National comprised university presidents and delegation at a lunch. One of the guests, Committee has worked with the U.S. officials from provincial level education a faculty member, had been a Fulbright Department of Education and the bureaus in western China (Gansu, lecturer in five years earlier. It Chinese Ministry of Education to carry Guizhou, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, turns out that during her travels in China, out the terms of the Memorandum of Qinghai, , and Xinjiang) as well as she had been hosted by our delegation Understanding that governs education two Ministry officials. The Ministry leader, An Chunren, and his wife in exchanges between the two countries. specifically requested that the group not Yinchuan (Ningxia). She presented the Each year, the Committee sends spend time on either coast, preferring surprised Mr. An with photographs from American high school and college instead areas of the United States that their first meeting. educators to China under the Fulbright- would be somewhat analogous to western The second delegation visited the Hays Seminars Abroad program and the China and the delegation members’ United States from October 17 to 29. Ministry of Education sends two home cities. We therefore arranged a Once again, the group consisted of higher delegations to the United States. brief stop in Washington, D.C., and then education leaders from western China Generally, the latter two cover different spent the bulk of the time in Brownsville, (, Guangxi, Ningxia, Qinghai, topics; in 2005, however, both focused on Texas (University of Texas at Brownsville Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, and Yunnan) public higher education. and Texas Southmost College); Athens and Ministry officials. Its focus was The spring 2005 delegation from and Atlanta, Georgia (University of federal and state government oversight China, while interested in many Georgia, Georgia State University, and financing of public higher education. educational management and finance Georgia Institute of Technology, Thus, the schedule included public issues, was particularly eager to learn Kennesaw State University); and research universities, four-year colleges, about the relationship between academic Missoula, Montana (University of and community colleges, as well as institutions and local economic Montana). briefings by officials at the U.S. development and how each influences We were fortunate to have several Department of Education, state and supports the other. The 12-member terrific hosts. One of them was Dr. Jose legislatures, and state commissions on delegation was in the States June 4-18. It Martin, alumnus of the June 2004 Special continued on next page National Committee Educational Exchanges, continued from page 19 U.S.-China Labor Law higher education in Boston, Wash- ington, D.C., Minneapolis-St. Paul, and the San Francisco Bay Area. We are Cooperation Project 20 particularly grateful to Majority Leader of the Minnesota House of Rep- resentatives and National Committee Young Leaders Forum member Erik S Paulsen for his assistance in arranging excellent meetings with state agencies. E The group also heard from rep- resentatives of several NGOs working T on education policy including the National Governors Association, the O New America Foundation, and the Carnegie Foundation for the

N Advancement of Teaching. The theme for this year’s Fulbright- Hays Seminar Abroad to China (June 27-July 31) was “Tradition and Transformation”; lectures and site visits during the four-week program emphasized China’s history and culture, and addressed the major social, economic and political changes in contemporary China. The sixteen participants from around the United States first went to Beijing for two weeks of lectures and complementary The delegation of Chinese labor contract law drafters, after a meeting with the California State Senate site visits, and then on to Xi’an, Labor Committee in Sacramento. Kunming, and Shanghai. The National Committee offers Under a contract from the U. S. migration, labor is both cheap and participants the chance to add several Department of Labor, the National abundant, and workers often have little days in Hong Kong to the end of the Committee and its two consortium bargaining power. In practice, less than trip, with generous support from an partners – The Asia Foundation and 20 percent of non-State-owned anonymous donor and partial payment Worldwide Strategies, Inc. – are working enterprises use labor contracts; those that by the participants themselves; all but with the Ministry of Labor and Social do, have contracts that are either two of the Fulbrighters took advantage Security (MOLSS) on a multi-year effort boilerplate or focus mostly on employee of the opportunity. to assist the Chinese government in its obligations, thus affording workers scant efforts to strengthen protection of protection. For all of these programs, we are workers’ rights and to comply with Against this background, the Chinese grateful to individuals and institutions internationally recognized labor Government is considering legislation for their assistance, both programmatic standards. Now into the second year of regulating the labor contract system. The and financial: the many hosts, the U.S. the program, the Committee’s most final draft of the Labor Contract Law, Department of Education and the recent efforts have focused on labor after many rounds of revisions and Chinese Ministry of Education, the contract legislation. This article describes consultations spearheaded by the China Education Association for several of these activities. MOLSS and the Legislative Affairs International Exchange, the Hong First introduced in the mid-80s, Office of the State Council, was formally Kong Information Services Department China’s labor contract system theo- submitted to the Standing Committee of and National Committee member retically provides a legal mechanism for the National People's Congress for Gerald Postiglione. I establishing employment relationships deliberation in December 2005. and all attendant rights and obligations of The National Committee convened the parties, as well as a mutually agreed the Labor Contract Law Drafting basis for protecting the lawful rights of the Workshop in Beijing in early June of 2005. employees. However, because of the During the two-day workshop, the country’s accelerating economic restruc- Chinese drafters were able to collectively turing and large-scale rural-urban assess the most recent version of the draft law and hash out some of the most Deal era enactment of the National Labor effort to expose the group to different controversial or toughest issues, including Relations Act, Fair Labor Standards Act viewpoints and perspectives on this and the coverage of the draft law and and other legislation and regulations, other issues. determination of the existence of employment and labor relations are the In November, four Chinese labor employment relationships, termination of most regulated aspects of the U.S. officials (one each from MOLSS, the labor contracts, and part-time economy. Still, “employment at will”— Shanghai and Yunnan labor bureaus, and 21 employment and the regulation of labor absent even in the U.K.’s common law the National People’s Congress) came to dispatching practices. system—is the operating principle in the the United States for month-long study N They also considered the extensive United States where none of the laws and placements. The goal was to help the

commentary on the draft of two regulations apply. At a day-long seminar Chinese participants develop an O international experts: Mr. John Fraser, a in Ann Arbor, Prof. Ted St. Antoine of the understanding of labor-related laws and former Department of Labor Wage and University of Michigan School of Law, regulations and the processes by which Hour administrator, and Dr. Alan Neal, a who chairs the National Conference of they are drafted and enacted in the T University of Warwick law professor, Commissioners on Uniform State Laws, United States. senior judge before the International discussed the Uniform Law Com- The program began with a week-long E Labor Organization and the chairman of missioners’ Model Employment Ter- orientation in Washington, D.C. This Employment Tribunals, brought mination Act that he led in drafting. He included lectures and site visits that S excellent comparative perspectives to the also made a persuasive case for the provided an overview of labor laws and discussion. The breadth and depth of concept of “just cause termination,” regulations in the United States and their comments, as well as their degree of different aspects of the labor legislation familiarity with the draft law and China’s and rule-making process. The group also 1994 Labor Law, deeply impressed the had opportunities to meet with Labor Chinese participants. According to the Department and other government post-Workshop evaluations, the two …the delegates were officials, congressional staffers, academics, provided alternative perspectives and also concerned with a NGO representatives and trade union approaches that had not been previously much larger, almost staff involved with regulatory issues. considered. philosophical question: Each of the four then spent the next In July, the National Committee how to strike the balance three weeks based at a host U.S. brought a group of ten senior labor between protecting workers’ institution/agency specializing in labor officials to the United States for two rights and maintaining related issues. Two participants were weeks of training and information placed at the California Labor and exchange. Representing the MOLSS, robust economic growth Workforce Development Agency, the the State Council, the National People’s and growth in the labor agency for the State of California. Congress and several provincial and labor market. California Labor Secretary Victoria municipal labor and social security Bradshaw assigned Assistant Secretary of bureaus in China, most of them were Labor Jaime Fall as their mentor; he involved in drafting China’s new Labor turned out to not only be a wonderful Contract Law, and half of them had which incorporates the best scholarship professional mentor, but also graciously attended the drafting workshop. from the United States and is far more offered to host two participants in his own They had the opportunity to hear palatable to the Chinese than the at-will home. The other two were placed at the briefings from and exchange views with employment concept. Institute for Legislative Practice at the officials at the DOL, the National Labor Besides specific provisions of the draft McGeorge School of Law, University of Relations Board, the Federal Mediation law, the delegates were also concerned the Pacific, with Prof. Frank Wang of the and Conciliation Services, as well as state with a much larger, almost philosophical Wang Family Foundation as their mentor. labor agencies and legislative committees question: how to strike the balance He, too, was a conscientious mentor and in Michigan and California. Lectures and between protecting workers’ rights and generous with his time. Prof. Wang and discussions were held with experts at maintaining robust economic growth and Mr. Fall often worked together to arrange academic institutions (law schools at the growth in labor market. Protection of many professional and personal activities University of Michigan and UCLA), labor individual workers’ rights provided the that helped the four visitors make the leaders (the president of Michigan’s impetus for the drafting of the Labor most of their time in the States. All four AFL-CIO) and public interest advocates Contract Law; however, absorbing had the rare opportunity to participate in from non-governmental organizations unemployed workers in urban areas and two high-profile, joint federal-state labor (The Legal Aid Society), professionals at surplus labor from the country in the labor sweeps; assisted in various tasks assigned employment agencies and attorneys from market is considered by the Chinese to them; and studied labor laws, employment and labor law firms. leadership to be crucial for maintaining regulations and the labor legislation It was immediately apparent to the social stability, and the leadership rests its process in the United States, including delegation members that the U.S. system claim to legitimacy on maintaining fast the roles played by nongovernmental is very different from that of China. For economic growth. This issue was the entities such as academic, corporate, example, China has no central legislation elephant in the room during most of the policy, legal and labor institutions. I on labor contract at all. With the New meetings and discussions and we made an under control as we tried to puzzle out Not Your exactly what this China we had landed in truly was. We walked through ancient sites, asked probing questions Grandmother’s Trip of our host siblings, talked with each 22 other, walked, laughed, ate meal after humongous meal, and excitedly delved into the world around us. I was fascinated by the ease with

S which I adapted to this foreign rhythm by Sonia Lahr-Pastor of life. The cups of tea at meetings, the

E Beijing subways, the early bedtimes Since 2004, the National Committee has China orientation and hit it off, bonding and even earlier awakenings, the niceties, the key phrases in Chinese,

T selected twelve U.S. Presidential Scholars (a instantly over sudden rainstorms, designation annually conferred upon 141 M&Ms picked up with chopsticks, the toasts, the American music we American graduating high school seniors Chinese words, lectures, movies, and remembered from middle school— O nationwide by the U.S. Department of other such trifles. But would the everything belonged to some alternate Education; see http://www.ed.gov/ connection be strong enough to last two register, a framework of life quite

N programs/psp/ for more) to participate in weeks in a very foreign land? The different from our own. The days were the annual U.S.-China Student Leaders conversation held a tinge of ner- a blur, but we felt secure: we had each Exchange. Sonia Lahr-Pastor, an SLE vousness as well as of anticipation. other, and in the capable hands of 2005 participant, is completing her Stepping off the plane in Beijing was National Committee staffers Jon Lowet freshman year at the University of Chicago, like landing on the threshold of another and Margot Landman, and China where she is taking courses in psychology and world. Everything Education Associa- biography, calculus, Babylonian knowledge, was familiar, but tion for Internation- and, as a result of the experience last subtly changed. al Exchange summer, Chinese environment. Sonia shares It’s hard to iden- Stepping off the plane staffer Shen her impressions of China in the following tify exactly what in Beijing was like landing Xuesong, we nev- essay. caused the Beijing er felt abandoned. airport to feel on the threshold of A certain amount different from all another world. of space is needed others: maybe the to think, as is a bit In the polite society of yesteryear, cut of the clothes, of loneliness, but fairly well-to-do young ladies often or the feel of the there was always spoke nonchalantly about going abroad. building, or the sticky touch of smoke the chatter of the group, the jokes One went, of course, to ‘the continent,’ and pollution that reached us even among friends, the bargaining in pidgin to sunny Italy or regal France or even, if there, at 4:20 p.m. on what had been a Chinese, the singing in falsetto, and a the lady was adventurous, to Spain. cool (!), 95-degree day. For three or thousand other memories and stories The journey stopped there. When the four days, we worked to get our that built off each other until the group young lady returned home to her stomachs back and our sleep schedule was truly a unit, a group of friends that parents’ drawing room and pianoforte, all that would remain of the trip were a few bad sketches of cypress trees, a tendency to compare everything to some street in Prague, and a few new dresses in the latest style. After some months, the subject would be tiresome, the dresses out of date, and the lady in question, probably married and settled in as mistress of a house, would stop trotting out her stories of the continent. China was not meant for such travel. Leaving my hometown at the tender hour of 4 a.m., I was in San Francisco by noon and ready to catch the daily flight that connects San Francisco and Right: Beijing. The rest of the group was Ross Leavitt having already there, a slightly nervous bunch fun with students at of 18-year-olds that laughed and an elementary school chattered like dinner guests trying to outside of , keep up a conversation. We had met in Shandong Washington a month before at our During the rest of our time in Beijing, we visited a cooking school, walked around Tian’anmen Square, watched people lined up to see Mao’s tomb, and tried to accept the inevitable goodbye that was waiting just around the corner. 23 But the true highlight of those last

rushed days was the Great Wall. Much N as I had heard about the famous

structure, I was unprepared for the way O it rose and fell, a dragon’s thin spine running along the crest of hills that

separated China from the ancient T outside world. Whisked upwards in a

cable car, I could only grip the handles E in amazement as the ground fell away

and I teetered on what felt like the S edge of the world. In a sense, that was what the entire trip had been like: a glorious view that started from the safety of the valley sticks together even now, months after was just comfortable enough to think, floor but then quickly gave way to returning home and beginning college. but uncomfortable enough to have something greater, something closer to My host sibling in Xi’an was named things to think about. After the gentle the edge, something unfamiliar and Gan Lu, or Honeydew, after the bowl introduction of Beijing and the shock of even slightly dangerous. Riding up on that the Chinese god holds in his hands Xi’an, Qufu was the perfect middle flimsy cables spun from our fragmented to cure the sick. She spoke only broken ground, a place filled with things I and our knowledge of tea, we English and maintained girlish, didn’t understand but could accept. were whisked away from the ground laughing propriety at all times. We Just enough things were familiar: where we had stood before and went shopping, took pictures of me in the overly hasty tour guides, my group glimpsed something new: the other Chinese dress, and talked about my of friends, Xuesong and Jon, the squat side of the fence, the other side of the family. By day, as I visited Xi’an’s toilets, the formalities, the family Wall, the other side of the world. Grand Mosque and terra cotta warriors, meals, the excursions, the idle Perhaps that was the purpose of the I grew even closer to my companions, purchases, the pictures, the jokes, and trip, and as I raced up a stretch of the building on conversations and all of the other details that we would Wall, I realized that, perhaps, we had moments shared during those first few later use to remember just what China seen the future. I carefree days. Gan Lu watched was like. My friends became my amusedly, laugh- friends for life, my ing at us from time thoughts became to time, but gen- meaningful, and I erally curious and A glorious view...quickly realized that I sympathetic. gave way to something would not return Then, inexplic- home as the same ably, she would greater, something closer person I was close up again, a to the edge, something before I left. shy, beautiful unfamiliar. A few hurtles clam with dark still remained eye-lashes and a before testing that pearly grin. Xi’an realization. Re- Top Left: both enthralled and terrified me, a turning to Beijing for the final three Felicity Lenes tries her fascinating remnant of a China that had days of the trip, there was a clear sense hand at Chinese not fully shifted to the West. I was in of looking homewards as we prepared calligraphy at the the first capital, home of Qin feverishly for our appearance on Beijing Children’s Huang, source of the empire, and felt CCTV-2. Debating a panel of top Palace. alone. Chinese students on national television Qufu came next. Having been was exciting and nerve-wracking – Bottom Right: caught a bit off-guard by Xi’an, I especially for Americans who were Dylan Mathieu gets refrained from making predictions and, about as far from home turf as an an impromptu ehru instead, approached Qufu as a blank American student can get without lesson from a student slate. However, it was there that the leaving the planet – and we were glad at the Beijing entire trip began to make sense, as I to compare their opinions with our own. Children’s Palace. of China scholars and forge deeper Public Intellectuals Program connections among those in different disciplines, and 2) to encourage promising China specialists to play Inaugural Conference significant roles as public intellectuals 24 and equip them with the tools to do so. As a corollary, through a series of interlocking and mutually reinforcing programs aimed to fulfill the above goals,

S PIP will help upgrade the quality of American public understanding of China by strengthening links among U.S. E academics, policymakers, and opinion leaders. T The first 20-member class of PIP Fellows was selected last May from a very

O competitive pool of 126 applicants. (See below for a complete list and our website

N for full bios of the Fellows.) Our hard- working Academic Advisory Committee (John Berninghausen (Language, Middlebury College), Timothy Cheek (History, University of British Columbia), Tom Gold (Sociology, University of Calfornia, Berkeley), Cheng Li (Political Science, Hamilton College), Barry A discussion with Naughton (Economics, University of Assistant Secretary of California, San Diego) , Alan Romberg State Christopher Hill (retired Foreign Service officer), Anne and Director of Thurston (History, SAIS, Johns Hopkins Policy Planning University) and Ezra Vogel (Sociology, Stephen Krasner Harvard University) selected a class The first meeting of the National Generously funded by The Henry Luce impressive not just in its knowledge of Committee’s Public Intellectuals Foundation and the Starr Foundation, China, but in its gender, geographic, Program (PIP) Fellows was held in PIP has two major goals: 1) to help instill institutional, and disciplinary diversity Washington, D.C., September 22-27. greater breadth in the younger generation as well.

Dr. Allen Carlson Dr. Ann Huss Dr. Evan S. Medeiros s

w Assistant Professor of Government, Assistant Professor of Modern Chinese Political Scientist,

o Cornell University Literature and Language, The RAND Corporation l l Wellesley College Dr. James Millward e Dr. Mark Frazier F Dr. Jan Kiely Associate Professor of History, Luce Assistant Professor of East Asian

P Assistant Professor of History and Georgetown University

I Political Economy & Assistant Professor Asian Studies,

P of Government, Ms. Allison Moore

Furman University Lawrence University

7 China Resident Representative,

0 Dr. Helen McCabe Dr. Mary Gallagher Asia Law Initiative,

0 Assistant Professor of Education American Bar Association Assistant Professor of Political Science, 2 & Affiliated Faculty of Asian Dr. Jonathan S. Noble

- University of Michigan Languages and Cultures,

5 Visiting Assistant Professor of East Asian Hobart and William Smith Colleges 0 Languages and Literatures, 0 University of Notre Dame 2 The September meeting was work. The afternoon of media training misconceptions of China that we have designed to give the Fellows an overview included a mock television interview heard, and just as importantly, I’m of the D.C.-based China policy activity in which each Fellow simulated grateful that I had a chance to meet and community and introduce them to its key a live interview in front of everyone else. learn from the other Fellows.” players. In five jam-packed days, they The mix of serious and lighthearted had meetings on Capitol Hill, at the questions and the witty answers had John Berninghausen (PIP advisor) – 25 National Security Council, the State everyone laughing while learning. On “It was a most stimulating session and has

Department, and the two Sunday night, the Fellows relaxed and launched something that I believe could N Congressionally-mandated committees bonded over a crab dinner at the scenic turn out to be historic in the continuation

on China; discussions with officials in the and historic Potomac Boat Club. of the best side of our China studies O intelligence community and in The success of the meeting is best profession.” Commerce and USTR, as well as think expressed by the participants themselves: tank representatives, the media, T lobbyists, and academics; media training; Ed Steinfeld, (PIP Fellow) – and, equally important, opportunities to “Thanks so much for making our first PIP E learn from each other through panels led meeting such a smashing success. by Fellows and constant informal Heading into the conference, I didn’t S discussion. really know what to expect, particularly All of the meetings and discussions since the program was new and, frankly, were productive and candid, and the different from the standard academic Committee was pleased that the policy fare. Heading out five days later, I community recognized the importance of couldn’t believe how fantastic it had all providing access and time to the next been, how comprehensive, and again, generation of China-related public frankly, how different from the standard intellectuals. In fact, as other China academic fare! … This sort of thing is This spring, our focus is on various Above Right: watchers buzzed with questions about unfortunately rare in academia, and other aspects of the PIP project: Steve Orlins with what being a “stakeholder” would mean especially across disciplines. Having the primarily public education outreach PIP Fellows Mark for China, our PIP Fellows received opportunity to be part of this group is programs at the regional and local levels, Frazier (center) and clarification straight from Deputy great for each of us individually, but also organized by individual fellows Jim Millward (right) Secretary of State Robert Zoellick, who, great – I believe – for the overall mission themselves and/or in conjunction with at the Potomac having delivered a major policy address at of better informing broader audiences community organizations. We are also Boat Club. the Committee’s gala several nights and public policy about China. preparing for the first PIP delegation to before (see page 6), spent 40 minutes China this June. I with the group. Kellee Tsai (PIP Fellow) – Though the schedule left little free “I returned to the ivory tower with a time, it was not filled exclusively with sense of responsibility for clarifying the

Dr. David Pietz Dr. Kellee Tsai Dr. Wu Weiping Assistant Professor of History, Assistant Professor of Political Science, Associate Professor of Urban Studies, Washington State University Johns Hopkins University Geography, and Planning, Dr. Phillip C. Saunders Dr. Joseph Tucker Virginia Commonwealth University Senior Research Professor, Internal Medicine Resident, Roslyn Brock Institute for National Strategic Studies, University of California San Francisco Director, Fund Development, National Defense University Dr. Wang Hongying Bon Secours Health System, Inc.; Vice Chair, NAACP Dr. Kristin Stapleton Associate Professor of Political Science, Marriottsville, Maryland Associate Professor of History, Maxwell School of Public Policy, University of Kentucky Syracuse University Dr. Yang Hong Dr. Edward Steinfeld Dr. Susan H. Whiting Associate Professor of Environmental Studies, Associate Professor of Political Science, Associate Professor of Political Science Bryant University Massachusetts Institute of Technology & Adjunct Associate Professor of International Studies, University of Washington Merchants of : Swaine (Carnegie Endowment), and Dr. Members’ Industrial Entrepreneurship in Michael S. Chase (RAND) are the Early Modern China authors. They contextualize the U.S.- Taiwan-China status quo with an explanation of Taiwanese electoral Bookshelf Madeleine Zelin 26 politics, an historical overview of how Columbia University Press independence movements have shaped Taiwan’s identity, analysis of Lee Teng- In this book, Madeleine Zelin of hui’s actions toward China, a case study Columbia University recounts the of Sino-Taiwanese economic ties, and a S history of the salt industry in Zigong and critique of Taiwanese defense and provides insight into the forces and military issues. These essays create a E The following are reviews of books institutions that shaped Chinese comprehensive picture of the current authored by National Committee economic and social development. She situation. The book concludes with

T members over the past year. For an details the novel ways in which Zigong Professor Nancy Tucker’s essay arguing expanded Members’ Bookshelf dating merchants mobilized capital through for strategic ambiguity over clarity in back to 2000, please visit our website. financial-industrial networks and U.S. diplomatic involvement in Taiwan. O Committee members who have describes how entrepreneurs spurred additions to the web listings growth by developing new technologies,

N and/or submissions for the next capturing markets, and building edition of NOTES may contact integrated business organizations. Bridging Minds Across the Pacific: [email protected] Without the state establishing and U.S.-China Educational enforcing rules, Zigong businessmen Exchanges, 1978-2003 were free to regulate themselves, utilize contracts, and shape their industry. However, this freedom came at a price, Cheng Li and ultimately the merchants suffered Lexington Books from the underdevelopment of a transportation infrastructure, the One aspect of Deng Xiaoping’s political instability of early-twentieth- Reform Era was the surprisingly large century China, and the absence of a number of Chinese students who were legislative forum to develop and codify able to go abroad, particularly to business practices. Zelin's analysis of the America, for graduate education. Over political and economic contexts that the course of the following quarter- allowed for the rise and fall of the salt century, educational exchanges at all industry also considers why its success levels between China and the United did not contribute to “industrial States have flourished and have had far takeoff” during that period in China. reaching impact. The phenomenon was Based on extensive research, Zelin’s examined at a November 2003 work offers a comprehensive study of international conference at Shanghai’s the growth of a major Chinese industry Fudan University. and resituates the history of Chinese Cheng Li, the William R. Kenan business within the larger story of Professor of Government at Hamilton worldwide industrial development. College and a National Committee board member, has selected nine papers from the conference for inclusion in his book, Bridging Minds Across the Pacific: Danger Strait: U.S.-China Educational Exchanges, 1978- The U.S.-Taiwan-China Crisis 2003. The papers, over half of which were written by National Committee members, address the development of Edited by Nancy Bernkopf Tucker these educational exchanges, how they Columbia University Press have affected the Chinese educational system, issues presently confronting the This book is a compilation of six exchanges, and the challenges that will essays presented by seven esteemed affect Chinese educators and policy- scholars at a 2003 State Department makers in the future. Dr. Li and his workshop. Prof. Shelly Rigger colleagues offer important insights into (Davidson College), Prof. Stephen U.S.-China relations by looking at the Philips (Towson University), Dr. far-reaching dynamics of these Richard Bush (The Brookings exchanges. Institution), Prof. T.J. Cheng (College of William and Mary), Dr. Michael D.

U.S. Foreign Policy Colloquium

The National Committee on The U.S. Foreign Policy Colloquium is designed to help Chinese graduate students United States-China Relations better understand the complex forces that influence and shape American foreign policy. 71 West 23rd Street, 19th floor Our partner in this exciting program is the New York, NY 10010-4102 Elliott School of International Affairs at The George Washington University. The www.ncuscr.org • (212) 645-9677 Coca-Cola Company has generously funded the colloquium for the past three years. One hundred fifty PRC graduate students in a variety of disciplines from universities Chair throughout the United States, come to Carla A. Hills Washington, D.C. for a three-day program of interaction with current and former President Administration officials, members of Stephen A. Orlins Congress, and representatives from A participant asks a question following the keynote Vice President academia, the military, think tanks, the address by Ambassador Sasser at the opening Jan Berris media, and lobbying groups. night of FPC 2005. The fourth session of the FPC will take Vice President for Administration place from June 7 to 10, 2006. These photos Rosalind Daly “I think the FPC program is a good and unedited comments are from our 2005 channel for ordinary Chinese students Senior Director U.S. Foreign Policy Colloquium. to learn about the U.S. foreign policy for Education Programs Margot E. Landman “From the honest ideas and making process. The best thing is it presentations of our speakers, I – for the provides to participants plenty Senior Director, first time – entered into another policy opportunity to exchange ideas with Corporate and Public Programs world. I began to try to look at China- panelists. The forum of the colloquium Anne Phelan is a good way to convey the idea that U.S. relations not only from the Chinese Senior Program Officers government’s point of view, but also communication is indeed important.” Ling Li from the standing points of the States. “We deeply appreciate this Jonathan Lowet Thank you very much.” opportunity to gain knowledge about Program Officer “I hope as a result of the colloquium U.S. foreign policy. I believe many of Meredith Champlin not only the students get ideas/ the participants will bring what we knowledge about U.S. foreign policy heard, what we learned and what we Program Assistants through listening to the lectures/ saw back to China and play a positive Anna Bautista speeches from U.S. officials and scholars and influential role in improving the Jung Hwa Song alike but the latter can listen attentively relationship between China and the Executive Assistant to what Chinese students who are the U.S. on the future political stage in the Timothy A. Costello future elite of China and will shape world. Please witness what we can do! China’s foreign policy in a big way think We see, we hear, we think, so we’ll Administrative Manager of America.” know, and then, we will do!” I Daya Martin

FPC participants with Dr. Arnold Kantor, The Honorable Paula Dobriansky, and Dr. Barry Bosworth.

The National Committee on United States-China Relations

Message from the President, All three Congressmen were impressed with the substance and continued from page 3 well-prepared, focused and variety of the program we arranged democracy movements on the one diplomatic throughout the entire and our Chinese interlocutors hand and the government and trip. They came with a specific uniformly emphasized what an business community on the other to agenda and sought to have the important role the NCUSCR was be striking. We had meetings with Chinese announce during their visit playing by sponsoring and Martin Lee and the leaders of the small improvements in U.S.-China arranging the trip. The intensive democracy movement, Financial relations in the fields of intellectual program underscored for us the Secretary , the Chief property rights and space point that direct contact is a po- Judge of Hong Kong’s High Court, cooperation. The trip was tent means of educating the the business community, and the extremely worthwhile and very U.S. Congress. I former Hong Kong Chief much appreciated by all: the Executive C.H. Tung. Congressmen were deeply

The National Committee on United States-China Relations NON-PROFIT 71 West 23rd Street, 19th Floor ORG. New York, NY 10010-4102 U.S. POSTAGE Paid New York, NY Permit No. 1598