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Design and Implementation of Water Quality Integrated System for Periyar River (IJIRST/ Volume 1 / Issue 12 / 095)

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Design and Implementation of Water Quality Integrated System for Periyar River (IJIRST/ Volume 1 / Issue 12 / 095) IJIRST –International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology| Volume 1 | Issue 12 | May 2015 ISSN (online): 2349-6010 Design and Implementation of Water Quality Integrated System for Periyar River J. Jeberlin Jency R. V. Sheeja PG Student of Remote Sensing Senior Scientist Department of Civil Engineering Department of Environmental Sciences Kerala State Remote Sensing and Environment Regional Centre of Anna University, Tirunelveli-627007. Centre, Thiruvananthapuram. S. Karuppasamy Assistant Professor Department of Civil Engineering Regional Centre of Anna University, Tirunelveli-627007. Abstract Due to the improperly treated and unplanned release of effluents of industry, municipal and domestic into the nearby streams and ponds and the majority usage of water for irrigation are increasing the ionic concentration of the river water and making it more saline. In order to assess the water quality, the present study has been undertaken to map the spatial variability of water quality using Geographical Information System (GIS) approach. Periyar river is the main drinking water resource of Cochin corporation, Aluva and Paravur towns. The water quality data for 20 sampling stations were collected from Pollution Control Board (PCB). The spatial variation map for the major water quality parameters are generated using Arc View 9.3.1 software tool (i.e.,) Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW).To analyze the pollutant sources, landuse/land cover change detection is needed. Geographical Information System (GIS) is a potential tool to detect the landuse/land cover changes using toposheet and satellite images. From this study, the water pollution sources were identified. Finally, water quality integrated system is designed using Visual Studio 2010 and asp.net. All the above information (i.e.,) landuse/land cover information and water quality information were integrated into this system. This water quality integrated system used by the State and Regional Water Quality Control Boards to track information about water quality and also it allows online submittal of information by Permittees within certain programs and makes data available to the public through reports. Keywords: Geographical Information System (GIS), Inverse Distance Weighted, Landuse/Land Cover Change Detection, Spatial Variation Map, Water Quality Integrated System _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ I. INTRODUCTION Water is essential to human life and the health of the environment. Rivers play a significant role as they serve not only the purpose of water supply for domestic, industrial, agricultural and power generation but also utilized for the disposal of sewage and industrial waste and therefore tremendous pressure. Water quality is fundamental for good river health. Water quality sustains ecological processes that support native fish populations, vegetation, wetlands and birdlife. Water quality refers to the chemical, physical, biological characteristics of water. Water quality in a body of water influences the way in which communities use the water for activities such as drinking, swimming or commercial purposes. More specifically, the water may be used by the community for supplying drinking water, recreation (swimming, boating), irrigating crops and watering stock, industrial processes, navigation and shipping, production of edible fish, shellfish and crustaceans, protection of aquatic ecosystems and wildlife habitats. Water pollution is the contamination of natural water bodies by improperly treated and unplanned release of effluents of industry, municipal and domestic into the nearby streams and ponds and agricultural runoff. Landuse / Land cover changes is very important to analyse the pollutant sources. Land cover is that, which covers the surface of the earth and landuse describes how the land cover is modified .Land cover includes: water, snow, grassland, forest and bare soil. Landuse includes agricultural land, built-up land and recreation area etc. Landuse / Land cover are dynamic. Integrated Water Quality System (IWQS) is a computer system used by the State and Regional Water Quality Control Boards to track information about water quality. This system is designed using Visual Studio 2010 and asp.net. Visual Studio is a complete set of development tools for building ASP.NET Web applications, XML Web Services, desktop applications, and mobile applications.Asp.net is an open source server-side Web application framework designed for Web development to produce dynamic Web pages. It was developed by Microsoft to allow programmers to build dynamic web sites, web applications and web services. Integrated Water Quality System (IWQS) allows online submittal of information by Permittees within certain programs and makes data available to the public through reports. All rights reserved by www.ijirst.org 566 Design and Implementation of Water Quality Integrated System for Periyar River (IJIRST/ Volume 1 / Issue 12 / 095) A. Objective: 1) To prepare the water quality parameter map such as pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, bio-chemical oxygen demand, nitrate, ammonium, total coliform and fecal coliform based on temporal basis. 2) To analyse the impact of landuse/land cover changes on water quality. 3) To design and implement water quality integrated system. B. Need for the Study: 1) Water pollution has now reached a crisis point specifically in developing world. Almost every water body is polluted to an alarming level. 2) The Periyar River is the longest river in Kerala. Major hydroelectric projects of Kerala located in Periyar river. 3) Periyar river is the main drinking water resource of cochin corporation, Aluva and Paravur towns. 4) Several major, minor and small scale industries are located near to the Periyar River. 5) Thus, estimation of quality of water is extremely important for proper assessment of the associated hazards. 6) Integrated Water Quality System (IWQS) gives the information about water quality. II. STUDY AREA The Periyar River is the longest river in Kerala. It is located in between 76010’ - 76050’ Eastern Longitude and 9050’- 10010’ North Latitude and originates from the Sivagiri hills of the Western Ghats. It has a length of 244 km. Major hydroelectric projects of Kerala which are Pallivasal, Chengulam, Idukki, Panniyar, Neriyamangalam, Edamalayar, Lower Periyar etc. are located in this river. The river bifurcates at Alwaye as Mangalapuzha branch and Marthandavarma branch. Several major, minor and small scale industries are located on the banks of these two branches. Periyar River is the main drinking water source of Cochin Corporation, Aluva and Paravur towns. The sampling stations of Periyar are located in the upper, middle and lower stretches. The location of study area shown in figure 1. Fig. 1: Study Area III. METHODOLOGY This chapter deals with the collection of data (data collection details shown in table 1, integration of spatial and non geometric data using GIS, generation of thematic maps i.e., spatial variation maps of various water quality parameters, landuse/land cover change detection to analyse the pollutant sources and finally design water quality integrated system. The methodology flowchart is shown in fig 2. Table - 1 Data Collection Details DATA SOURCE Water Quality Data Pollution Control Board Field Data GPS Toposheet Kerala Environmental And Remote Sensing Centre Satellite Image Kerala Environmental And (LISS IV) Remote Sensing Centre All rights reserved by www.ijirst.org 567 Design and Implementation of Water Quality Integrated System for Periyar River (IJIRST/ Volume 1 / Issue 12 / 095) A. Preparation of Thematic Maps: Thematic maps are important source of GIS information. Thematic maps such as pH map, Electrical conductivity map, Dissolved oxygen map, Bio-chemical oxygen demand map, Nitrate map, Ammonium map, Total coliform map,Fecal coliform map were generated using Arc View 3.2a software. The source map for these maps are the toposheets of Periyar river. From that Periyar river was digitized using Arc GIS 9.2 and the digitized map was converted to shape file using Arc GIS software. Then with the help of the non geometric data collected from the Pollution Control Board was formed as text using MS Excel sheet. That file was the source for the sample station location with water quality parameter details, from which the maps were created using IDW (Inverse Distance Weighted). Fig. 2: Methodology Flow Chart B. Landuse/Land Cover Change Detection: Arc GIS 9.2 is a powerful tool for extracting the landuse, land cover layer from the toposheet and satellite imagery (LISS IV). From the toposheet and satellite imagery landuse/ land cover map for 1957, 2008 and 2013 were created using Arc GIS 9.2 software. The landuse, land cover cases include agricultural land, built-up land, waste land, wetland and waterbodies. This classification is performed based on the classification scheme of National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), Department of space, Govt of India. After the creation of landuse, land cover map, the area calculated for each classification using Arc GIS 9.2 software tools i.e., select by attributes and statistic. Finally, bar chart is created which shows the distribution of landuse, land cover distribution during the three periods in the study area. C. Water Quality Integrated System: Water quality integrated system is designed using Visual Studio 2010 and asp.net. All the above information (i.e.,) landuse/land cover information and
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