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Water Quality Index of River Thamirabarani at Papanasam (Upper&Lower Dam) Region, Tamilnadu, India

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Water Quality Index of River Thamirabarani at Papanasam (Upper&Lower Dam) Region, Tamilnadu, India International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-9 Issue-2S2, December 2019 Water Quality Index of river Thamirabarani at Papanasam (upper&lower dam) region, Tamilnadu, India S.Rajesh, NVN.Nampoothiri, S.Vanitha joining the Gulf of Mannar. The total catchment area is 4500 Abstract: This study is done to evaluate water quality of the km2. Thamirabarani river, by using Water Quality Index method. The It runs for about 120 km traversing for about 80 km water quality index of the river water was done, by analyzing the including 24 km in hills in Tirunelveli district and for about physical and chemical parameters of water samples taken at seven 40 km in Tuticorin district. It forms a delta in Punnakayal locations in Jan 2017 to March 2017, along the through flow path of the river. The analysis results were compared with maximum village before outfalling into Bay of Bengal. The area of the permissible limit values recommended by WHO and BIS for delta is 140.93 sq.km. It has about 50 large and small islands, drinking, irrigation and aquatic life. The water quality for the largest with an area of 20 sq.km and smallest with an area Dinking was assessed utilizing the WQI technique. The computed of 0.1 sq.km. WQI values in this study are found to be between 55.65 to 23.3(for The river Thamirabarani basin lies within 080 8′ and 090 23′ drinking), 47.1 to 14.4 (for Irrigation) and 61.2 to 15.4(for N latitude and 770 09′ and 770 54′ E longitude. The river basin Aquatic life).The results are indicates that, for the stretch of of the Tirunelveli district includes Shenkottai, Tenkasi, Tamirabarani where study was conducted, the water is suited for Kadayanallur, Sankarankovil (Part), Veerakeralampudur, irrigation. Ambasamudram, Nanguneri (Part), Tirunelveli and Keywords: Drinking water, Physicochemical Characteristics, Palayamkottai taluks. In the Thoothukudi district Pollution, Water Quality Index, Water Quality indicators, Srivaikuntam and Tiruchendur Taluks (Part), are in the river Thamirabarani river. basin. Thamirabarani river basin receives rainfall through the I. INTRODUCTION early showers of southwest monsoon and of the later rains of the northeast monsoon. The yearly precipitation is 814.8 mm In current decades, India has been encountering fast and is all around conveyed.. The dams and anicuts financial development, populace increment and urbanization. constructed on Thamirabarani and Manimuthar rivers provide These procedures have stressed the deficiency of water assets both agriculture and power generation benefits. The in Tamilnadu, especially in the desolate districts of Southern Thamirabarani River affords perennial irrigation to a fairly Tamilnadu. Water is a significant normal asset of earth and large area on which two crops are normally raised. A few assumes an imperative job in our life. Surface water and tanks and wells structure some portion of the other wellspring Groundwater are the key sources of water. The water quality of water system.(G.Venkatesan et al., 2012;Krishankumar et of Thamirabarani River, an important domestic and potable al., 2013;Mopin –kani et al.,2014). water source of Southern Tamilnadu. The current study has been conceded out to estimate the The waterway Thamirabarani is referenced as the Porunai water quality characteristics of Thamirabarani river in the nathi in Tamil beautiful writing. It gets thankfulness and is Papanasam (upper and lower dam) region by using water alluded to as the eminent one in Sanskrit news coverage quality index which helps the common man to know the value references to which are as old as that of the Puranas and of water. Legends. The river is the most important perennial river Understanding water quality requires quantitative among the 33 rivers of Tamilnadu. The river Thamirabarani knowledge of physical, chemical and biological originates from the peak of Periyapothigai hill in the Western characteristics and comparing their levels with standards to Ghats over Papanasam in the Ambasamudram Taluk. The support for different uses including potable and irrigation use river traverses Tirunelveli and Thoothukudi districts before (ICAR Bulletin, No.71, 2014). The ICAR Research Bulletin identifies the important water quality parameters to be analyzed for irrigation water. The quality of water depends on the concentration of Revised Manuscript Received on December 30, 2019. different constituents in it. The concentrations of constituents * Correspondence Author depend on its sources of origin and interventions through S.Rajesh*, Department of Civil Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy Research & Higher Education, Krishnankoil,, India. Email: living or dead organisms in the way of its stream and there for [email protected],[email protected] inherently depend on the location of water. So in this study, Dr.NVN.Nampoothiri, Department of Civil Engineering, Kalasalingam the locations of water sampling sites are taken with a GPS and Academy Research & Higher Education, Krishnankoil,, India. Email: the latitude and longitude noted. [email protected]. Dr.S.Vanitha, Department of Civil Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy Research & Higher Education, Krishnankoil,, India. Email: [email protected]. Retrieval Number: B10241292S219/2019©BEIESP DOI: 10.35940/ijitee.B1024.1292S219 Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering 97 & Sciences Publication Water Quality Index of river Thamirabarani at Papanasam (upper&lower dam) region, Tamilnadu, India th II. STUDY AREA Qn- Quality Rating for the n water quality parameter. th A. Water Samples Sites Vn- Observed value of the n parameter for the given sample. The water samples from Thamirabarani river were S - Standard Permissible value of the nth parameter. collected from seven stations. The sampling station could be n V -Ideal value of nth parameter in the pure water considered as “source point”. The seven stations were i0 *All the Ideal values (V ) are taken as zero for selected considering their human activities and Hydro power i0 drinking water generation. The location details of the sampling stations are (except for pH = 7 and dissolved oxygen = 14.6 shown in Table 1. The samples were collected from all source mg/l) point at 11am. Table-1: Water Sampling Site Locations Where,Wn-Unit Weight of the Water quality parameter Sampling Stations Latitude Longitude wn-weight of each parameter, Kariyar dam 8038’14”N 77017’41”E n-number of parameters Sorimuthu Ayyanar 8039’18.94”N 77020’12.75”E Temple IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 0 0 Kariyar & Servalar 8 40’51.09”N 77 20’47.03”E pH Value: The pH value of a water source is measure Junction Bridge of its acidity or alkalinity. The pH level is a measure 0 0 Agasthiyar falls and 8 42’15.02”N 77 21’49.40”E of the action of the hydrogen molecule, on the three sources point grounds that the hydrogen development is a decent 0 0 Papanasam-1(Lower 8 42’30”N 77 22’5”E portrayal of the causticity or alkalinity of the water. dam), pH ranges from 6 and 9 along the basin at various 0 0 Papanasam-2(Lower 8 42’33”N 77 22’7”E distances the permissible limit in 8.5 and desirable dam) limit is 7 for drinking water. The pH tends to slightly Papanasam-3(Lower 8042’48”N 77022’11”E decrease along the course of the river. dam) TDS: Total dissolved solids in water are a measure of all organic and in-organic substances contained in it. III. METHODOLOGY AND CHARACTERISTICS ANALYSIS The Primary application of TDS is in the study of A. Analytical Procedure water quality for streams, lakes and river although TDS is not considered as a primary pollutant. The Surface water status is controlled by the more terrible of Primary source for TDS in receiving waters are natural and compound status. The physico-chemical analyses agricultural & residential runoff, discharge from and biological tests were performed using standard technical industrial or sewage treatment plants or leaching of methods. soil contamination. Usually higher concentration of Water quality requirements for different uses of water are TDS is not a health hazard. The TDS standard range scientifically termed as criteria and the permissible level of from 128 to 768 mg/l. The TDS values are in the contaminants in water for different uses without any negative suggested range. impact on environment and society are termed as Standards. These are legally enforced levels set up by a governmental or Hardness: Hardness is the presence of minerals in any international agency that have been arrived at after water, typically Sulphates of Calcium and consideration of water quality criteria and the economic, Magnesium. Hardness Standards were recorded social and political consequences of possible regulatory between 1-60 mg/l. The level of hardness is taken as action (ICAR Bulletin, No.7,2014). under: Soft : 0-50 mg/l B. Water Quality Index (WQI): Moderately soft : 50-100 mg/l A water quality index relates a gathering of water Slightly hard : 100-150 mg/l quality parameters to a general scale and combines then into a Moderately hard : 150-250 mg/l. single number in unity with a chosen method of computation. Therefore, water quality of surface water indicating The favored utilization of WQI is to asses water quality towards Soft and Moderately soft. patterns for executive purpose, although, it is not meant for an absolute measure of the level of pollution or the real water Chloride: The chloride ion is formed when the element chlorine (a halogen) gains an electron to quality. The water quality index was evaluated by considering - nine important physico-chemical parameters (Table 3,4&5) form an anion. Cl . The salts of hydrochloric contain using ICMR (WHO) along with BIS standards by the chloride ions and can also be called chlorides. As per following formula.
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