Seloka: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia the Influence

Seloka: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia 8 (1) (2019) : 1 – 9

https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/seloka/article/view/28869

The Influence of Social Aspects on the Behavior of the Main Figures in the Novel “Ser! Randha Cocak”

Murtiasih¹ & Teguh Supriyanto2

¹ Public Senior High School 1 Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia ² Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia

Article Info Abstract ______History Articles Literature is born, grows, and lives and develops in society. The influence of the writing Received: for the reader can occur in past readers and today's readers. Through this research, we January 2019 can learn how to behave or face certain characters in life in society. This study was Accepted: conducted with the aim of describing the influence of social aspects on the behavior of February 2019 Published: the main character in the novel “Ser! Randha Cocak” by Suparto Brata, namely Javanese April 2019 culture and western culture, social love, and economic problems of poverty. This study ______was conducted with qualitative descriptive, analytical methods that were sourced from Keywords: the novel. The study data is in the form of discourse fragments which are thought to literature work, contain the influence of social aspects on the behavior of the main characters in the novel novel, “Ser! Randha Cocak” by Suparto Brata by using library techniques, then the data was social aspects, analyzed using heuristic and hermeneutic reading techniques. The results show that sociology of literature Javanese culture considers the lineage of boys as important and arranged marriage tends ______to be done so that their children get a good partner. In the social aspect, the love of siblings

and spouses makes the leaders help each other, defend, and fight for their enjoyment. DOI https://doi.org/10.15294 Poverty makes leaders, Dororini and Surahana do various ways to achieve their goals to /seloka.v8i1.28869 plan a murder. The results of this study are useful for students to know the values contained in a novel, able to sort out the positive and negative sides of the book and can be used as a material for self-evaluation and attitude in social life.

 Correspondence address: p-ISSN 2301-6744 Taman Menteri Supeno No.1, Mugassari, e-ISSN 2502-4493 Semarang, Jawa Tengah, 50249 E-mail: [email protected]

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INTRODUCTION what is in society. So that the emergence of a literary work inspired by the reality that always Literature is born, grows, and lives and has the deep meaning that the author wants to develops in society. Literary works were created express. Damono in Faruk (2015) states that by the author to be enjoyed, understood and literature is a reflection of society, literature utilized by the community (Pradopo, Soeratno, displays a picture of life between people and Sayuti, and Wuradji, 2007). In line with Rusyana someone. (1982) argues that literature is the result of Christiani, Rustono, and Nuryatin (2015) creative human activities in expressing, in his journal “Citra Wanita, Pengungkapannya, understanding it by using language. Disclosure of dan Nilai Kehidupan dalam Kumpulan Novel Seri life reality uses beautiful word so that it can touch Detektif Handaka” by Suparto Brata the purpose is the emotions of the reader. Literature presents a to reveal the image of women and the value of life picture of life, and life itself is a social reality. in the novel. Still highlighting the behavior of the Literature was born because the basic human main character, Ahmadi (2013) in his journal urge to take an interest in human problems and "Hafez's Hermeneutic Approach Towards the humanity also took an interest in the world of formation of a Character Named Rend" describes reality that lasted all day and throughout the ages. the character of the character Rend. Rend figures The influence of literature on the reader can occur who have two characters, namely positive, and to the readers of the past and today's readers. negative characters. Wellek, and Warren (1993) write that literary Sociology is a scientific and objective study historians will not be satisfied to judge literary of humans in society, the study of social works with the present viewpoint. He will institutions and social processes. Sociology seeks evaluate the past according to the needs of to answer questions about how a community is contemporary literary styles and movements. possible, how it works and why society survives. Perhaps the literary historian should be able to Through rigorous research on social institutions, highlight literary works with a third-age religion, economics, politics, and families are perspective (which is not the age of critics and not together forming. What is called social structure, the author's age) or look at the whole history of sociology is said to obtain a picture of the ways interpretation and criticism in literary works to humans adapt themselves and are determined by obtain a more comprehensive meaning. certain societies, a description of the mechanism Among the literary works in Indonesia, the of socialism, the cultural learning process, by author chooses new prose literary works, namely which individuals are allocated to and accept novels. Abrams (1999) states that the term novel specific roles in the social structure (Swingwood is to apply a good variation in writing that has in Faruk, 2015). completeness in fiction in the form of prose. Still in the view of literary sociology, Meanwhile, Noor (2004) describes the story as Muslimin (2011) in a journal entitled "Modernisasi one of literary works, is a means or media that Dalam Novel Belenggu by Amijn Pane: Sebuah represents what is in the mind of the author. Kajian Sosiologi Sastra" describes the figures who Natia (2008) explains the novel is that tells of an want to follow modern traditions, who are extraordinary event from the life of the culprit interested in traditions which conflict with which caused a change in the fate of the culprit. national culture since old time. Singer (2011) in In line with Natia, and Nurgiyantoro (2010) said his journal "A Novel Approach: The Sociology of that novels are long and free stories more Literature, Children's Book, and Social detailed, detailed, and involve a variety of more Inequality" describes the complexity of literary complex problems. analysis and the implications of using fiction as a Novel “Ser! Randha Cocak” by Suparto source of sociological data. This study juxtaposes Brata was chosen as the study in this study literary analysis with sociology. Quinn (1994) in because the first literary work is a reflection of a journal entitled "The Novel in Javanese:

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Aspects of Social and Literary Character" This study was conducted with the aim of describes the ideas of language and social describing the influence of social aspects on the relations of the Javanese, the relationship behavior of the main character in the novel "Ser! between mental and moral awareness of Randha Cocak” by Suparto Brata, namely responsibility, chance, and causation, and order Javanese culture and western culture, social love, social and cosmological through literary texts. and economic problems of poverty Ethiyallafifah (2013) sets the background The benefits results of this study for on social-cultural issues in his journal entitled teachers, it can be used as a reference in carrying "Tranformasi Budaya Jawa Dalam Novel Canting by out learning about the novel. Studies related to Arswendo Atmowiloto: Sebuah Kajian Sosiologi the values contained in the Javanese story, and Sastra" examines the elements of Javanese culture for students to know the benefits listed in a story, and cultural transformation in Canting's novel. able to sort out the positive side and negative in a Setyowati, and Supriyanto (2017) saw the story and can be used as a material for self- struggle of the leaders to realize their dreams evaluation and behavior in social life. through a massive struggle in the journal "Proses The social aspects of this study are social Aktualisasi Diri Tokoh Utama Dalam Dwilogi Novel aspects in socio-cultural and economic issues. Padang Bulan dan Cinta di Dalam Gelas" which describes the main character, fulfilling needs as METHODS the actualization process of the main character, and self-actualizing characteristics found in the The research approach used in this study is main character. In line with Muslimin (2017); a structural approach and a sociological approach Sari (2017) who examined the characterization of to literature. The sociological approach to the main figures in his journal "Representation of literature in it has an objective approach. Balinese Women in Novel Works by Oka According to Ratna (2004), an objective Rusmini" describes the description of Balinese approach is an approach that focuses solely on women through the character of Balinese elements, known as fundamental analysis. The women. procedure is appropriate because the researcher We are still discussing the behavior of the analyzes the character of the story is part of the main character, Turmudzi, Doyin, and Mulyono intrinsic component of a literary work. The (2014) in his journal "Watak dan Perilaku Tokoh approach used is an objective approach because it Jumena Martawangsa Dalam Naskah Drama Sumur speaks text problems, not talking to others. A fair Tanpa Dasar by Arifin C. Noer." explaining the approach is an approach that rests on the text of character and behavior of Jumena characters who the literary work itself. The method used in the become conflict lighters, factors that influence provision of data is the heuristic method and Jumena character's behavior and Jumena through repeated reading of the novel “Ser! character's function as a conflict lighter. Randha Cocak” by Suparto Brata, while in Setyatmoko, and Supriyanto (2017) who analyzing the data using the sociological discussed the social problems in his journal, approach to literature. The results of data analysis "Penyimpangan Sosial Dalam Novel Neraka Dunia in this study are presented through descriptive by Nur Sutan Iskandar" which describes the forms exposure. of social deviations found in the novel and the Data presentation can be done formally factors that cause social irregularities. Still, a and informally (Sudjiman, 1993). Formal data social problem, Murfin (2014) his journal presentation is done using signs and symbols, "Flashes from The Slums': Aesthetics and Social while the informal presentation is done with Justice” in Arthur Morrison, describe the formal ordinary words. The presentation of data is aspects of alleviating poverty in Morrison's novel formed descriptively and uses technical and depicting slums. terminology based on this, the data in this study

3 Murtiasih & Teguh Supriyanto Seloka: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia 8 (1) (2019) : 1 - 9 are presented informally. The focus of this referentially through linguistic signs. According research study is the leaders. to Ricoeur (Sumaryono, 1999) hermeneutics tries Data is a tool to clarify the mind which is to understand the literary meaning that exists a source of information obtained from data behind the structure. There are three steps to sources. The data source is the subject of the understanding: (1) takes place starting from the study from which the data was obtained appreciation of symbols about "thinking of" the (Siswanto, 2005). The data sources of this study logos, (2) giving symbolic meaning and extracting are primary data sources and secondary data the right purpose, (3) philosophical thinking, sources. (1) The primary data source in this study which uses symbols as their starting point. is the Novel Ser! Randha Cocak by Suparto Brata, Recording afterward is done by selecting valid the data used are fundamental elements of the data and selecting less accurate data. Data will be socio-cultural background of characters the Novel obtained by understanding text and literature. Ser! Randha Cocak by Suparto Brata, in the form Heuristic readings can also be done of modernization attitudes and lifestyles, structurally (Pradopo in Sangidu 2004). Heuristic (2) Secondary data sources are data relating to work produces an understanding of meaning research conducted. Secondary data is used to literally, meaning explicit, actual purpose support the interpretation of primary data. (Nurgiyantoro 1991). The next step is the method Secondary data were obtained from various of hermeneutic reading. According to Pradopo, studies of previous studies, literary books, Soeratno, Sayuti, and Wuradji (2007), references in the form of journal magazines, as hermeneutics is the understanding of literary well as scientific works, and other data from works based on the second level system which is multiple sources by the reviews following the related to interpretation outside the literary text. research process. Hariyadi, and Mardikantoro (2018) in his Data collection in this study uses library journal entitled "Religion’s Elements Social’s techniques. According to Subroto (1992), library Conflict in “Mata yang Enak Dipandang” by techniques are using written sources to obtain Ahmad Tohari, Research of Sociology of data. In addition to using library techniques, Literature "describes forms of religious elements, researchers also used note-taking techniques. The depictions of social conflict, and relations authors used the method to see and note. Library between religious elements and social conflicts in technique is a technique that uses written sources stories. The equation with the research of to obtain data. Data is obtained in the form of researchers is using the sociological approach of writing, which must be read, listened to, essential literature using hermeneutic studies. The things are recorded then also concludes and difference lies in the data source. Hariyati is a studies the source of paper which can be used as short story, while the researcher is a novel. a theoretical and reference basis about the object The first stage, the data analysis in this under study. The technique of referring and study is heuristic reading. Namely, the writer noting means that the researcher as an analytical interprets the novel “Ser! Randha Cocak” through instrument conducts careful, directed and careful linguistic signs and finds meaning linguistically. listening of the data sources studied, namely the The trick is to read carefully and thoroughly each novel “Ser! Randha Cocak” to get the desired data. word, sentence, or paragraph in the novel. It is The results of the listening were recorded as data. used to see the structure contained in the novel In the recorded data, the data source code is also for structural analysis. Also, it is also used to find included to re-check the data source when needed out the social aspects experienced by leaders. The in the context of data analysis. second stage, the author does a hermeneutic The data analysis technique in this study reading by interpreting the meaning of events or uses heuristic and hermeneutic reading methods. events contained in the novel Ser! Randha Cucak Heuristic reading method is a way of working so that they can find the social aspects of the done by the reader by interpreting literary texts story.

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Martiyas. Ms. Martjanji has two children namely Martinjung and Martiyas. Martinjung has no This study will explain the influence of the children, even though he has been married for social aspects of the characters in the novel Ser! five years. Mrs. Marjanji hope for immediate Randha Cucak by Suparto Brata which focuses on grandchildren was directed at Martiyas. So when the problems: (a) culture includes Javanese I first saw Dororini, Mrs. Marjanji intended to culture and western culture, (b) social aspects match Dororini with Martiyas. Mrs. Marjanji include love for siblings and partners, and was interested in Dororini, because of her (c) Economy that covers poverty. excellent manners and rich people's children. Socio-cultural aspects include Javanese However, Martiyas, his heart is more suited to culture and western culture. Javanese culture Citraresmi even though he is a widow and has includes descent pancer wali and matchmaking one child. Mrs. Marjanji, trying to separate while western culture consists of dance culture Martiyas from Citraresmi. While attending a and the kissing culture of the opposite sex. Most banquet, Dororini was invited to accompany Javanese still consider boys as descendants of Martiyas, Mrs. Marjanji shared her opinion with pancer wali. Likewise Mrs. Sastraraharja, Patut Martinjung about Dororini cleverness in dancing. parents are concerned to see her son does not Mrs. Marjanji intends to match her son named have a partner considering he is no longer young. Martiyas with Dororini. Dororini heart was Even though he already has grandchildren from happy to know that Mrs. Marjanji liked her. Patut his daughter. Most Javanese still regard boys as and Dororini main characters try to find their true descendants of pancer wali. Likewise Mrs. love. Dororini tried to lure Martiyas in all ways, Sastraraharja, Patut parents are concerned to see but eventually all in vain. Lies that have been her son does not have a partner considering he is closed tightly finally revealed. Dororini is not a no longer young. Even though he already has rich kid. She left her baby at the Karangkajen grandchildren from his daughter. However, Patut clinic to go to Surabaya to apply as a secretary by mother was not satisfied because of her claiming she was a virgin. Citraresmi is the son of grandchildren from a daughter's descendant. the owner of the Segara Bawera company, still a Every time Patut returns home which is discussed virgin. when Patut is married. Mrs. Sastraraharja always Besides the Javanese culture, we have urged her son to get married soon. One day Patut discussed in the novel “Ser! Randha Cocak” by asked about the news about women named Suparto Brata also discusses western culture. Wangi Lestari who danced in their childhood, Western culture includes the tradition of dancing only with these women are hearts Patut and kissing on the opposite sex. The culture of the captivated. Knowing this, his mother west that enters is dance, every time there is a immediately sought news about the existence of meeting there is always a dance. People who like Wangi. After finding out Wangi Lestari has been dance include Patut, Amrik, and Dororini, found. Mrs. Sastra immediately asked her child whereas Wungu learns dance only to be able to to go back to Indonesia to meet Wangi Lestari. keep up with Patut. They try and practice to be Patut met a woman named Yuni Shara. Patut able to dance well. They dance to get along and falls in love at first sight. Even though, it has been adjust not to be outdated. paired with Wangi Lestari. Patut still chasing Fill in the story on the Novel “Ser! Randha Yuni Shara. Finally, everything revealed by Yuni Cocak” also has stories about the kiss of the Shara is Wangi Lestari who is the original, while opposite sex. You are kissing with the opposite Wangi Lestari whose marriage is arranged by her sex, without any ties including behavior that is mother is Wungu. contrary to eastern culture. The different sex kiss In addition to the arranged marriage found in the “Novel Ser! Randha Cocak” is a kiss between Patut and Wangi Lestari, there is also an between Patut and Wangi Lestari, Wungu with arranged marriage between Dororini and

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Linuwih, Linuwih with members of Innamorata Besides a love for the brother, also Dancer, and Dororini with Martiyas. described the love for a partner that is Patut with Patut first met Wangi Lestari, Patut asked Wangi Lestari, Linuwih with Wungu, Martiyas for Wangi kiss as proof that he had received an with Citraresmi. Patut fell in love with Wangi application from his mother. Wangi is happy to Lestari who changed Yuni Shara name during the bring her cheek closer, so Patut can freely kiss first meeting on the plane. Patut tried to lure Yuni Wangi. In addition to Wangi, a character who Shara heart, in various ways from starting to likes kissing is American. When Amrik came to show off his work until his intelligence danced. the studio, he was greeted by his coworker with a Wungu disguised as Wangi Lestari intends to kiss as usual. Their familiarity is like family, both meet Patut secretly at the airport. Wungu did not the same sex and the opposite sex without meet with Patut instead met with Linuwih. After hesitation. So did Linuwih to Wungu who getting acquainted with Linuwih, he learned that disguised Wangi Lestari, when Linuwih drove Linuwih had a dance studio. Without thinking, Wungu to his boarding house. Before going Wungu immediately pursued Linuwih to be able down, Linuwih kissed Wungu lovingly. The to learn to dance because he needed services to be culture of kissing cheeks was also carried out by able to dance. Basics Linuwih was also Dororini character with Martiyas. When captivated. Eventually, they together went to the Martiyas finished lunch with Dororini, Martiyas studio intently. Their relationship is getting immediately kissed Dororini cheek, which was closer. already nearby. Dororini is very happy to be Another pair is Martiyas with Citraresmi. kissed by Martiyas who thinks Martiyas has a Martiyas first met with Citraresmi when at the heart with him. The culture of kissing the Segara Bawera company there was an opposite sex between Patut and Wangi, Martiyas examination from Japan. Martiyas thought her with Doririni, and Linuwih with Wungu made brother Darbe had hired a flight attendant to the characters feel comfortable and happy. They welcome Japanese people. Martiyas always were not ashamed or reluctant despite kissing in chases after Citraresmi even though her mother public places. The kiss they do as proof of love as has tried to match herself with Dororini. In well as intimacy. They think kissing is a normal addition to having been paired with Dororini, his thing. So they kiss without feeling like a burden. mother worked hard to separate Martiyas It is behavior that deviates from eastern culture. relationship with Citraresmi. Martiyas fiercely fought for her love and finally melted her Social mother's heart. Social aspects, including brother love, and Evidence of love towards siblings and love for a partner. Love for you is depicted in partners, makes the leaders help each other, character Darbe to his sister-in-law. As a defend, and fight for their love. manifestation of Darbe affection for his sister-in- law. Darbe invited his sister to the company Economy where he worked. Even so, Darbe still keeps his Analysis of economic aspects in the novel sister-in-law's achievements from harming the “Ser! Randha Cocak” is poverty which is caused by company. In addition to Darbe image of love for the one who acts as the head of the family leave Martiyas, on the contrary, Martiyas love picture during pregnancy. Dororini who had to leave her of Darbe, Martiyas did not accept it, when her baby to go to town looking for a decent life. sister-in-law was accused of cheating on someone Dororini became a secretary in a large company. else, as well as her sister. Martiyas believes that When applying for a secretary, Dororini admitted her brother, is a man who is broad-minded, wise, that she was still alone. He did so, to be accepted love family is not possible to do things that are as a secretary. not appropriate. Martiyas always defends her The beginning of Dororini life as a sister-in-law. secretary felt comfortable and calm. However,

6 Murtiasih & Teguh Supriyanto Seloka: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia 8 (1) (2019) : 1 - 9 since the presence of Citraresmi, Dororini life his status as a director. Especially when Wening changed completely. Initially, he thought he showed his ID card and marriage certificate with would become Mrs. Marjanji daughter-in-law Mr. Mawardi child, and that is true. Whereas because Marjanji mother would pair him with Surahana has no evidence that Sekar is the only Martiyas. Martiyas is the sister-in-law of the heir of Mr. Mawardi. managing director of the company he worked for Surahana hope of mastering Mr. Mawardi so Martiyas also has a large stake in the company. wealth by marrying Sekar was in vain. Sekar is However, Dororini hopes were destroyed after not the only heir to Mr. Mawardi. Sekar is only a the presence of Citraresmi who was able to child of his wife or stepson Mr. Mawardi. disturb his position. When Dororini first entered Surahana regretted marrying Sekar. The assets the company, he claimed to be a virgin and also owned by Sekar are Residence Indentification claimed to be a child of the rich. However, all that Card (KTP), Driver License (SIM), Honda Jazz was revealed when Dororini, Citraresmi, and Vehicle Registration (STNK). Besides that, Martiyas had an accident and were unconscious. money at ATMs is fifty million. However, the After inspection, it is known that Citraresmi is money was used for Mr. Mawardi funeral needs. still a virgin, whereas children who have been In addition to funeral costs, the money was used nurtured are Dororini children. by Surahana as he pleased. Everything is settled Another figure who is shackled by poverty with cash. Surahana is like Cocak Nguntal Elo. is a Surahana figure. Surahana who was not very Surahana pursued his position until he fell up and clever applied for a job in a large company led by did everything he could to deal with the police Mr. Mawardi. Surahana uses a fake diploma because it proved to be the cause of Mr. Mawardi when applying for a job, Mr. Mawardi does not death. Poverty makes the leaders namely care about it. The fake diploma case was Dororini and Surahana do various ways to uncovered, when there was news even though achieve their goals to the point of planning the they did not go to school but got a diploma. Aside murder. from having a fake diploma, Surahana also tried to approach Sekar. Sekar is the only daughter of CONCLUSION Mr. Mawardi. Surahana approached Sekar, with desperate capital hoping his life could change. The influence of social aspects of the The opportunity was wide open when he learned characters in the novel Ser! Randha Cucak by that Sekar also loved him. Surahana used it as Suparto Brata focused on: (a) culture includes well as possible, let alone knowing that Mr. Javanese culture and western culture, (b) social Mawardi had died. Surahana persuaded Sekar, to aspects, including brother's love, and love for a be invited to get married immediately in front of partner, and (c) economy, which includes the his father's body. This was done by Surahana, problem of poverty. Javanese culture that with the hope that he could immediately control considers the importance of the lineage of boys the company, and Mr. Mawardi his assets. Sekar and arranged marriages is done so that their without thinking because it has been blinded by children get a good partner. The social aspects, love. He just followed what Surahana said. Sekar including the love of siblings and spouses, make thinks that if he is married, he does not need to the leaders help each other, defend, and fight for think about college. After marrying Sekar, their love. Poverty makes the leaders namely Surahana only took one week's leave. Surahana Dororini and Surahana, do various ways to proudly led the inaugural meeting to inform his achieve their goals to the point of planning a position, but Wening opposed his presence. murder. Wening asked the Surahana, who gave the authority to become a director. Because to be a director is not easy. Many conditions must be met. Surahana heart was getting hotter because of

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