H1040 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 11, 1998 Finally, by maintaining our foreign The CHAIRMAN. The Committee will leading exports to South are in- assistance program for sustainable de- rise informally in order that the House dustries where Illinois excells: chemi- velopment and humanitarian purposes, may receive a message. cal, -moving equipment, agricul- this legislation commits us not only to The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. BE- tural machinery, and aviation parts. economic liberalization in Africa, but REUTER) assumed the chair. From the Chicago-land area, exports also to equitable and efficient develop- f to grew 148 percent be- ment that does not overlook the poor tween 1993 and 1996, starting at $74 mil- MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT or those most in need. lion and increasing to $184 million. In Mr. Chairman, I find it very hard to A message in writing from the Presi- Rockford, Illinois, exports to South Af- imagine how someone could oppose this dent of the United States was commu- rica grew 29 percent, jumping from $2 legislation once they have examined it. nicated to the House by Mr. Sherman million in 1994 to $2.6 million in 1995, This legislation has received wide- Williams, one of his secretaries. the latest date for which we have ex- spread attention both inside the United The SPEAKER pro tempore. The port statistics. States and outside this country from Committee will resume its sitting. South Africa is the locomotive that our allies and friends. Ask the African f drives much of Sub-Saharan Africa, countries and their leaders and their AFRICAN GROWTH AND and it is critically important we help people how they feel about it. If they OPPORTUNITY ACT this big emerging market on the path know about it, they are in favor of it. of democratic and free-market reform. It has been received well as a coordi- The Committee resumed its sitting. Mr. MENENDEZ. Mr. Chairman, I nated, thoughtful component to our Mr. ROYCE. Mr. Chairman, I yield 3 yield 1 minute to the distinguished foreign policy toward the individual minutes to the gentleman from Illinois gentleman from California (Mr. BER- countries of Africa. (Mr. MANZULLO). MAN). I say to my colleagues who know Mr. MANZULLO. Mr. Chairman, Afri- (Mr. BERMAN asked and was given about my involvement in Africa and ca is a on the move and it is permission to revise and extend his re- foreign affairs issues for some time, I time we recognized that fact. We have marks.) neglected the people of Africa and say to them, this legislation is a very b 1245 positive contribution to Africa and to ceded many export opportunities to the United States. I strongly urge that their former European colonial powers. Mr. BERMAN. Mr. Chairman, I thank my colleagues support the most impor- This legislation will for the first time the gentleman for yielding me the tant foreign policy initiative of this focus the attention of the U.S. Govern- time. Congress, one that has bipartisan sup- ment on a comprehensive trade strat- Mr. Chairman, I join the gentleman port. egy towards Africa. This legislation re- in support of H.R. 1432, the African Mr. MENENDEZ. Mr. Chairman, I inforces the positive developments tak- Growth and Opportunity Act. This bill yield 1 minute to the distinguished ing place in that continent. Since 1990, will help sub-Saharan countries build gentleman from Illinois (Mr. JACKSON), more than 25 African countries have economic self-sufficiency and reduce in recognition of the gentleman’s held democratic elections and more their isolation in an increasingly inter- strong concerns about this issue and than 30 countries have embarked on dependent world. The bill supports U.S. that it is his birthday, even though he free-market economic reforms. aid programs that are vital in the near is going to speak in opposition. Let me give my colleagues a taste of term, but focus on sustainable develop- Mr. JACKSON of Illinois. Mr. Chair- what can happen. Last year I held a ment as the only way to substantially man, I thank the gentleman for yield- hearing before the Subcommittee on boost living standards in some of the ing me this time. Small Business Exports, which I chair, world’s poorest countries. It promotes Let me first thank the gentleman on the subject of the Overseas Private trade, foreign investment, debt relief, from California (Mr. ROYCE) and the Investment Corporation, OPIC. A won- and private enterprise, including busi- gentleman from New Jersey (Mr. derful lady born in Africa and now re- nesses run by women. MENENDEZ) for this opportunity. I want siding in Massachusetts, Monique At the same time, the bill requires to thank all of my colleagues for their Maddy, testified how her small tele- that beneficiary countries have or participation in this discussion which I communications firm was able to con- must be moving towards market-based suspect will be a fruitful debate. tribute both to economic development economies. It requires they be commit- This is an historic day as this Con- in Africa and increased U.S. exports to ted to accountable government, the gress discusses and debates U.S. trade Africa. eradication of poverty, observance of with Africa on the House floor. As my She won a deal, thanks to a political human rights: these criteria offer the colleague noted, I was born on March risk insurance package from OPIC, to best chance for prosperity and stability 11, 1965, and on December 12, 1995, I was build wireless public telephones which in the region. elected to Congress as the 91st African- operate on debit cards instead of coins The debate today will go into great American to serve in this House. There for . This contract resulted in details on many of the provisions. have only been 102 African-Americans the export of $4.5 million worth of There will be some amendments which elected to Congress out of a total of goods and services from 8 supplier com- make the bill even better, and others 11,541 Americans. Ninety-eight have panies in 7 States: Texas, New Jersey, which will be designed to fundamen- been in the House, 4 elected to the Sen- Washington, Georgia, Missouri, and tally gut the key provisions of this bill, ate and 2 this last century, including 2 North Carolina. In addition, 60 jobs but I urge support for the bill and op- this century, CAROL MOSELEY-BRAUN, were created in Tanzania. position to those amendments, in the the only African-American woman to Because the Africa Communications context of trying to help H.R. 1432. ever serve in the Senate. Group did so well with the Tanzania Mr. Chairman, opponents of H.R. 1432 say This occasion to debate a respectful sale, Ms. Maddy subsequently won a that the United States should not help Sub-Sa- and reciprocal trade relation with Afri- larger sale to with OPIC’s help. haran Africa by dropping quotas and tariffs on ca is a test of fate for the 60 million Af- This will result in the export of ap- textiles and apparel, even though these are ricans taken from their native shores proximately $65 million worth of goods the goods countries in the region can most and forced to make the transatlantic and services from the United States readily produce. Opponents argue that reduc- voyage. It is because of that history and create 500 jobs in Ghana. Without ing trade barriers will make U.S. imports of that we are compelled to strenuously OPIC, most likely these deals would such goods soar, threatening U.S. textile and critique and analyze this bill. So I am have gone to our European competi- apparel manufacturers and workers. They periodically, Mr. Speaker, going to tors. vastly overstate the case. raise questions of some of my col- My home State of Illinois is another To address this concern, the Committee on leagues on the other side and this side example of the phenomenal growth of Ways and Means asked the International that I hope will be taken in the spirit exports to Africa. South Africa alone is Trade Commission to assess potential textile within which we have engaged in this Illinois’s 20th largest export destina- and apparel imports from Sub-Saharan Africa discourse. tion, totaling $389 million for 1996. The under the terms of the bill. The ITC estimated March 11, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H1041 that even with duty- and quota-free treatment, taled $15.2 billion. However, U.S. trade I would also like to commend my textile and apparel imports from the region will with the Nation of Japan alone totaled chairman of the Subcommittee on Afri- not exceed three percent of total U.S. imports just above $200 billion. We see the in- ca, the gentleman from California (Mr. of such goods over the next 10 years. Sub- equity and we see the devastation of ROYCE), and the ranking member, who Saharan African imports currently account for the absence of economic opportunity. we have heard from also, the gen- less than one percent of total U.S. textile and Mr. Chairman, I urge every Member tleman from New Jersey (Mr. MENEN- apparel imports. Such modest growth, while of this Congress to support this legisla- DEZ) for the time, effort, and energy important to Africa, clearly would pose no tion. they have spent in trying to perfect threat to U.S. manufacturers or workers. Mr. ROYCE. Mr. Chairman, I yield 2 this bill. It is still not a perfect bill, The bill provides for a review of the no-tariff, minutes to the gentleman from Penn- but it would not be in the shape that it no-quota policy by requiring the President to sylvania (Mr. FOX). is in now had it not been for the work report annually to Congress on the growth of Mr. FOX of Pennsylvania. I thank of the gentleman from California (Mr. textile and apparel imports from Sub-Saharan the gentleman for yielding me the ROYCE) and the gentleman from New Africa. Even if imports unexpectedly rise dra- time, Mr. Chairman. Jersey (Mr. MENENDEZ) and the other matically, we can revise the policy before U.S. Mr. Chairman, I rise in support of the Members that I mentioned. textile interests suffer substantial harm. African Growth and Opportunity Act, This is a historic and exciting occa- Opponents also warn that the no-tariff, no- H.R. 1432. This legislation embodies our sion. Today I stand before you to say quota policy will spark a massive increase in philosophy that the United States, as that the Africa trade bill will improve illegal transshipments of goods from . the world’s largest and most techno- the lives of many African-Americans While illegal transshipment is always a con- logically advanced economy, can and on the continent. Imagine, as we ap- cern, they again overstate the case. should do more to contribute to Afri- proach the new millennium, a new The bill contains strong provisions to pre- ca’s economic development. partnership has been forged, a partner- vent illegal transshipment. Sub-Saharan Afri- This bill could provide a positive ship that is not based on dependency can countries will enjoy duty- and quota-free framework for the competitive U.S. on aid. People want to earn their way. treatment only after they demonstrate that private sector, in concert with the in- They want to earn their keep. they have effective visa systems in place to genuity of the sub- Africa pri- This is an opportunity for people to guard against transshipments and counterfeit vate sector, to help stimulate growth show that it is trade, not aid. If we give documents. The bill directs the U.S. Customs in Africa while increasing economic op- a person a fish, they eat for a day. If we Service to monitor and report annually to Con- portunities and jobs here at home. It teach a person to fish, they eat for a gress on the operation of those systems. encourages closer economic coopera- lifetime. This bill will finally bring Af- It also penalizes those who circumvent the tion with the region and supports debt rica into the new millennium. visa systems. Exporters who illegaly transship reduction for the poorest countries in I must also applaud the Africa diplo- goods will lose duty-free benefits for two Africa. It recognizes that U.S. trade, matic corps for their constant and un- years. aid, and investment are all important wavering faith that they would one day H.R. 1432 is a welcome change in U.S. pol- pillars of the U.S. post-Cold War policy be active participants in the global icy that views Sub-Saharan countries as po- with Africa. economy. They are very supportive of tential partners and not simply aid recipients. It will enhance market access for Af- this bill. Africa's economic progress ultimately will de- rican goods and services and promote What would this bill do? It would en- pend on the policies that states in the region multilateral debt relief for the poorest hance market access for African goods adopt. This bill guides them in the right direc- African countries. The bill will in- and services; it would promote multi- tion. I strongly support H.R. 1432, and I urge crease U.S.-Africa economic coopera- lateral debt relief for the poorest of the my colleagues to do the same. tion, and will help pave the way for the poor; it would open free markets which Mr. MENENDEZ. Mr. Chairman, I President in his trip to those countries otherwise would be closed to Africa. It yield 2 minutes to the gentleman from in the latter part of this month. Most directs OPEC to create a $150 million Maryland (Mr. CUMMINGS). importantly, Mr. Chairman, this bill equity fund and a $500 million infra- Mr. CUMMINGS. Mr. Chairman, I will continue the role of the United structure fund to begin this year. It rise in support of H.R. 1432, the African States as the catalyst for democracy will increase authority and flexibility Growth and Opportunity Act. As our and the engineer of economic growth to provide assistance under the Devel- Nation enjoys a booming economy, around the world. opment Fund for Africa. lower unemployment and lower infla- Mr. MENENDEZ. Mr. Chairman, I This bill will also establish a U.S. tion, many countries in sub-Saharan yield 5 minutes to the distinguished economic forum to facilitate annual Africa cannot afford medicine to treat gentleman from New Jersey (Mr. high-level discussions of bilateral and their own children or buy nourishing PAYNE), a member of the subcommittee multilateral trade and investment. food to satisfy their hunger. who has traveled quite extensively in Also, for the first time in over 20 years, Today, by voting for this bill, the Africa, and spent a lot of time and ef- a U.S. President will travel to Africa, United States Congress and America fort in his dedication to the continent and President Clinton will be armed will give sub-Sahara Africa a chance to and to bringing all of our countries to- with this legislation to talk about his prosper. This bill is not perfect. How- gether. partnership for growth and opportunity ever, I believe it is a positive start to Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Chairman, I rise in in Africa. I commend the President for increasing investment in sub-Sahara support of H.R. 1432, the African his trip, going to Africa. Africa. Growth and Opportunity Act. I join the Let me just say that I become dis- Mr. Chairman, when I visited the rest of my colleagues who are original turbed when people say there is no na- countries of Ghana and in De- cosponsors of this bill. We have been tional interest in Africa. We had an in- cember, I saw firsthand the existing talking about this issue for some time terest during the Cold War where we economic crisis. Infrastructure is ex- now. I am finally pleased that this ini- propped up illegal governments, like tremely limited, health care facilities tiative is happening. The Subcommit- the Mobutu regime and some of the ac- cannot keep up with the cases of chron- tee on Africa, of which I am a member, tivities in and other places, Mo- ic illnesses. In Zambia, we have 3.5 mil- proudly marked up this legislation last zambique and around the continent. lion children with no free public edu- year. Finally, we are able to say, let us for- cation. In Zambia, nearly 650,000 chil- I would like to thank the gentleman get the Cold War. That time has past. dren are orphaned because their par- from Illinois (Mr. CRANE), the gen- Let us look to the sub-Sahara African ents have died from AIDS. It is because tleman from New York (Mr. RANGEL), countries, and let us have a bill that of increased commerce and economic the gentleman from Washington (Mr. recognizes that U.S. trade, aid, and in- opportunity that sub-Saharan coun- MCDERMOTT) and the gentleman from vestment are all important policy tries can begin to address these con- Louisiana (Mr. JEFFERSON) of the Com- goals. cerns. mittee on Ways and Means, who Mr. Chairman, a foreign trade policy that ig- In 1996, U.S. imports from the 48 worked so hard with their vision to nores some 32 Sub-Saharan African nations is countries in sub-Saharan Africa to- bring this particular bill to the floor. a distorted policy. This bill recognizes that H1042 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 11, 1998 U.S. trade, aid and investment are all impor- islation creates a transition path from made in the sub-Saharan countries, I tant foreign policy goals. 32 countries have developmental assistance to economic think that we are just about to give joined the new World Trade Organization, and self-reliance for those countries in sub- her a chance to prove that she can we are helping them to share its benefits and Saharan Africa committed to economic compete with the best of the countries, to meet its requirements. and political reform, market incen- given the opportunity. In conclusion, liberalization will not be bene- tives, and private sector growth. For those who fear transshipment, ficial without a transformation in the thoughts Mr. Chairman, while we have seen there have been laws put right into the and attitudes toward Africa. It must no longer much turmoil and tragedy in Africa in bill to increase the penalty for those be thought of as a region devoid of hope, but recent years, we have also witnessed a who are guilty, but the people who do a region which the hope of civil society, popu- number of positive developments on not want transshipment are the Afri- lar struggle can be fostered to bring Africa to the continent. Since 1990, for example, can people, because they want their the ``center.'' more than 25 African countries have people to work and improve the quality I support this bill and urge my colleagues on held democratic elections. More than of life. both sides of the aisle to do the same. 30 nations have taken steps to institute But look at it as Americans. Once we Mr. JACKSON of Illinois. Mr. Chair- market-oriented economic reforms. develop this market, once we give dis- man, will the gentleman yield? Many of us who have worked regularly posable income for people in Africa, Mr. PAYNE. I yield to the gentleman on African issues are hopeful and con- and once they start rebuilding their from Illinois. fident that those numbers will con- economies and the infrastructure, who Mr. JACKSON of Illinois. Mr. Chair- tinue to increase. will be providing the technology, the man, I thank the gentleman for yield- I have talked with a number of Afri- services, and the jobs? With our help, ing. can leaders, having had the oppor- we will be able to beat out the colonial I would ask the gentleman, is he tunity to travel to Africa recently on a powers and America, once again, will aware in the bill of any African coun- CODEL headed by the distinguished be first, and our friends will be our tries losing foreign aid they are now re- gentleman from Arizona (Mr. KOLBE), friends in Africa. ceiving unless they adopt the economic and many of the leaders who would b 1300 reforms dictated in this bill? greatly like to move away from de- Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Chairman, I am glad pendency on foreign assistance and I hope that Members are able to sup- the gentleman brought that question move towards economic self-reliance. port the bill, because I think, through- up. This bill is separate from aid. The The adoption of the African Growth out the world, we will be able to see Development Fund for Africa was an and Opportunity Act will help to move that we were not there as fast as we earmarked area that this year is fund- that process forward. should have been in apartheid; but once ed for about $700 billion, and $30 mil- On an editorial which appeared this we got there, America has dem- lion has been allocated or rec- morning in the Washington Times, onstrated to the world, including our ommended by the administration to go after being generally supportive, they friends in Africa, that we will be fair, into the aid. Therefore, the answer is, stated, ‘‘The problems faced by Africa we will be equitable, and we will make no. This is a separate entity, and it are not going to be solved by a single certain that they will be able to play in will not take aid from any country piece of U.S. legislation. But too often, this market as a free economy. that does not conform to the bill. our Africa policy has been an ad hoc re- Mr. MENENDEZ. Mr. Chairman, I Secondly, I might say that a country sponse to crises. If Congress passes this yield 6 minutes and 30 seconds to the that does not comply with governance bill, there is a chance to get the policy distinguished gentlewoman from Texas and human rights, with transparency on a firm footing at last.’’ I agree with (Ms. JACKSON-LEE), whom I traveled and basic human rights, will not be in- the Washington Times editorial this with to Africa. vited to be in the rounds, just as NATO morning. Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. Mr. expansion has been done. I want to thank particularly the gen- Chairman, I thank the gentleman from Mr. JACKSON of Illinois. Mr. Chair- tleman from California (Mr. ROYCE), New Jersey for yielding me this time. man, if the gentleman will continue to the distinguished chairman of the Sub- I thank the gentleman from Illinois yield, is the gentleman aware of any committee on Africa, and also the gen- (Mr. CRANE) and the gentleman from African countries being forced to cut tleman from New York (Mr. GILMAN), New York (Mr. RANGEL). And the gen- corporate taxes, privatize, and shrink the distinguished chairman of the Com- tleman from California (Mr. ROYCE), we their government services, or grant ex- mittee on International Relations have spent some time together in Afri- panded rights to foreign investors itself, for crafting this legislation and ca. I thank him for his leadership. under the bill? bringing this bill forward. It is a bal- This past Sunday, a group of us, Mr. PAYNE. To my knowledge, I anced bill and it makes a lot of sense. Members of the United States Con- know of none. If the gentleman knows I strongly encourage my colleagues to gress, traveled to Selma, Alabama, to of any information that I am not privy support this bill. reenact the march in 1965 of those to, I would certainly appreciate it, but Mr. MENENDEZ. Mr. Chairman, I brave souls who walked across the Ed- to my knowledge it does not negatively yield 2 minutes to the distinguished mond Pettus Bridge in Selma, Ala- impact on what is going on in those gentleman from New York (Mr. RAN- bama. countries. There will be IMF require- GEL), the ranking Democrat on the There was a great deal of trepidation ments which already are in in many committee and a strong proponent of and wonderment as to whether or not countries. What we are talking about is the bill. this approach was right. The reason a new trade and investment oppor- Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Chairman, I have they were doing it was because there tunity for the various countries. never felt more proud as an American, were people in the United States who Mr. JACKSON of Illinois. I thank the but more so in being a Member of this were disenfranchised from their rights gentleman. Congress during this historic time, under the Constitution of the United Mr. ROYCE. Mr. Chairman, I yield 2 where we have dealt with the problems States of America. minutes to my colleague, the gen- in , we have dealt with the prob- The gentleman from Georgia (Mr. tleman from Ohio (Mr. CHABOT), on the lems of Asia and Central and South LEWIS), my colleague, was in the fore- Subcommittee on Africa. America, and now this beautiful, rich front. And as they proceeded over the Mr. CHABOT. Mr. Chairman, I thank continent that tries so desperately bridge, they saw danger ahead. But the gentleman for yielding me the hard to struggle out of poverty has now rather than retreat, they went forward time. started moving towards a fair market in order to create more opportunity for Mr. Chairman, I rise in strong sup- economy, democracy, and all of the African Americans, people of color, port of H.R. 1342, the African Growth things that we said were necessary in women in the United States political and Opportunity Act. As the gentleman order to be trading partners with the process. They literally unshackled the from New York (Chairman GILMAN) and United States. very destructive laws by being the true the gentleman from California (Chair- Now that she has done those things, result, or the true basis upon which the man ROYCE) have pointed out, this leg- and we see the progress that has been Voting Rights Act of 1965 was passed. March 11, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H1043 Albeit some may argue and say we and say, we do not have the baggage of member bipartisan delegation to Africa are not on the precipice of a Civil Europe. We are ready to do trade and to view firsthand many of the issues Rights Act today, I still take the words to develop economic opportunities. Do that surround our relations with this of Dr. Martin Luther King and say, If we not realize how important it is to important region. During my short not now, then when; for, for the first make this continent, this relationship, time there, I was very impressed with time in the history of this Nation, I do to put ourselves in front of the coloniz- the spirit, the ingenuity and the initia- believe we have elevated the discussion ers of Europe? tive of the African people. My visit left of the continent of Africa, sub-Saharan Lastly, let me say for inner-city me with little doubt that the Africa we Africa, 48 countries, to a level of equal- America, for African Americans, for see today is vastly different than the ity and equal partnership in business. those who think their jobs will be Africa of yesterday. It is truly remark- So I would simply like to say that we taken, quite the contrary. Many of able that a continent once racked by are on a journey. Danger is ahead. those in my district, the 18th congres- the insidious evils of apartheid, civil There are many concerns that my good sional district, have said, I can work strife, dependence and economic stag- friends have. I am concerned about with this bill, small- and medium-size nation is today in the dawn of a new work safety conditions, the environ- businesses, which are the backbone of renaissance. The engineers of this ren- ment. I have, particularly in the last America, creating jobs for people in aissance are not the Americans, nor mission that I was honored to be on, the inner city because the trade bar- the Europeans, who colonized the con- the presidential mission headed by the riers and tariffs are down for the little tinent, nor the Japanese or the Chinese gentleman from New York (Mr. RAN- person to be able to be up. or the Asians who followed them. The GEL), particularly focused and asked to Mr. JACKSON of Illinois. Mr. Chair- engineers of this renaissance are the lead out on the question of HIV infec- man, will the gentlewoman yield? Africans themselves. tion in sub-Saharan Africa. I take that Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. I yield Today there is a new generation of as a special commitment, the ravaging to the gentleman from Illinois. leadership in sub-Saharan Africa, lead- of HIV and AIDs. This bill does not Mr. JACKSON of Illinois. Mr. Speak- ership dedicated not to the failed sta- necessarily address it, but it opens the er, two questions for the gentlewoman. tus development models of the past, doors of opportunity so that the phar- I am wondering, does the bill require but to market-based reforms and pri- maceutical industry in this country American businesses to invest in the vate sector growth. can itself be involved in trade to pro- education and training of Africans and This new generation does not ask vide the much-needed medicine for to hire and value African employees? America for help, but for hope. They do that devastating disease. That is im- And what knowledge, if any, does the not ask America for food, but for the portant to me. gentlewoman have about multinational tools to make their own crops grow. My support of this bill does not in corporations here in America who They do not ask America for schools or any way cause me to stand aside from stand to benefit from the bill, as to hospitals or dams, but for capital in- my longstanding commitment to safe- whether or not they have been support- centives to build their own. That is ty in the workplace, working condi- ive of affirmative action at home, so precisely what this bill would do. H.R. 1432 extends and expands the tions respective or responsive to the that African Americans can also be the generalized system of preferences pro- workers who will work there. Likewise, beneficiaries of such a trade policy? gram for sub-Saharan Africa. It pro- this bill emphasizes something very Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. Mr. vides duty-free access to U.S. markets near and dear to me, and that is that Chairman, let me say, two very good for eligible items, thereby creating in- the continent and sub-Saharan Africa questions. This bill gives us the oppor- centives for private capital invest- must accord the human rights and dig- tunity with that kind of leverage and, ment. The bill establishes for the first nity that is befitting of an inter- yes, this bill opens the doors for small time a U.S.-Africa Trade and Economic national arena and trade. and minority businesses to be engaged. Cooperation Forum to facilitate an- I am sorry to say that we have not In fact, as we went through Africa with nual high-level meetings to discuss done that for China in our most-fa- the African presidents, they pointedly trade and economic issues. vored-nation debate we debate con- said, we want a joint venture, and Mr. Chairman, through their actions, stantly. But here in this legislation there is $150 million in this bill just for the African people have asked us to there is a direct provision for making joint ventures. hear their call for hope, opportunity sure that the African countries who And as well on the multinationals, and self-sufficiency and sustainable will participate adhere to the dignity what kind of leverage will we have on economic growth. We should give them and the responsibility of human rights. the multinationals with 800 million that. We should support H.R. 1432. This is key. black people in Africa saying, you will Mr. MENENDEZ. Mr. Chairman, I In addition, this bill has a provision not do business with us if you do not yield 1 minute to the gentleman from for my friends from the agricultural support affirmative action. What kind Illinois (Mr. JACKSON). belt. In the agricultural belt, $15 mil- of business will they get? None. Mr. JACKSON of Illinois. Mr. Chair- lion is remaining that allows our agri- Support this bill. man, this debate is in serious need of a cultural expertise to interact with Af- Mr. ROYCE. Mr. Chairman, I yield 2 historical perspective. The earliest rica to develop products and expertise minutes to the gentleman from Ari- trade policy of the United States, even and to open up that market of 800 mil- zona (Mr. KOLBE). before the Declaration of Independ- lion citizens who want to be included. Mr. KOLBE. Mr. Chairman, I thank ence, in 1619, involved African kings Lastly, let me say that this question the gentleman for yielding. I want to and potentates selling other common of dumping is extremely important. It congratulate the gentleman from Cali- Africans to shipping companies owned bothers me, coming through Africa and fornia (Mr. ROYCE) and thank him for by whites to be sold as exploited slaves relabeling it. Diplomats and presidents the leadership he has given the body, and slave masters in the new . alike, when spoken to directly, have bringing to our attention the issues I have been to . I have said, we will enforce our customs laws. surrounding Africa, and for making it a seen the infrastructure of West African We will be the kind of watchdog that high-profile issue for all of us. participation in the transatlantic slave refuses to allow Africa and this trade Mr. Chairman, I rise in strong sup- trade. I have been to Jamestown and bill to be abused. Can we not give them port of this bipartisan legislation. It is Charleston and seen the historic sites respect as heads of state? Would we not heartening for me to see many of my of events which precipitated the Civil ask this of China when we vote year colleagues who oppose granting fast War, the bloodiest war in American after year for most favored nation? track negotiating authority to the history. The agricultural, shipping and Why should not the continent have the President stand here today and declare plantation companies and communities same dignity and respect? their support for expanding trade with served primarily as the infrastructure We did not enslave Africans, those sub-Saharan Africa. for American complicity in this trade colonies, colonization; European colo- As my friend, the gentleman from policy. nizers did. Why can we not have the Ohio (Mr. CHABOT) said, last August I The question before this Congress same opportunity now to come back had an opportunity to lead an eight- today of who benefited then and who H1044 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 11, 1998 benefits now is really the gravamen of duced has to be completed or made in And the African diplomatic corps indi- this debate. As we seek to establish a Africa. That means 65 percent of it can cate that they want this bill to come new trading paradigm between African be transshipped from another country. through. They think it is best for nations and America, it is critically Right now, Communist China, one of them. important that the new trading ar- the worst violators of human rights in It is racism when we try to apply our rangement create a mutually bene- the world, is violating people’s human views on other people, whether they ficial partnership between black people rights with impunity. We have not are countries in Africa or whether they in Africa and African Americans in the done anything in this body, and many are minorities in this country. And if United States, which I believe will ben- of our friends, other countries around African diplomats and African presi- efit all Americans. the world, have done virtually nothing dents feel that this bill is at least a It is the only way that historical to put pressure on the Chinese Govern- step up in the right direction, then who boats stuck at the bottom will become ment to bring about changes in their are we to tell them that it is wrong for participants in a new trading relation- human rights activities. them? Mr. MENENDEZ. Mr. Chairman, I ship. b 1315 Mr. MENENDEZ. Mr. Chairman, yield myself the balance of my time, could the Chair advise what time re- Just last week two people were ar- and would like to say to the gentleman mains on both sides? rested in New York from China who from California, the chairman, that I The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman were selling body parts, if my col- have enjoyed very much working with from New Jersey (Mr. MENENDEZ) has 5 leagues can believe that. They sell ret- him as the ranking Democrat on the minutes remaining, and the gentleman inas for $5,000 a pair; they will sell a subcommittee and thank him for all from California (Mr. ROYCE) has 61⁄2 kidney for $10,000 or $20,000. What they his courtesies during the process of minutes remaining. do is go to these concentration camps, this markup. Mr. ROYCE. Mr. Chairman, I yield 1 these gulags, and they shoot these peo- Mr. Chairman, a stronger, stable, minute to the gentleman from Califor- ple and then take orders for their livers prosperous Africa will be a better part- nia (Mr. CAMPBELL), who also serves on or kidneys and hearts and sell them in ner for security and peace in the fight the Subcommittee on Africa. the United States and around the against drug trafficking, international Mr. CAMPBELL. Mr. Chairman, I world. crime, terrorism, the spread of disease thank the gentleman for his leadership This country, China, is going to and environmental degradation. in bringing this bill to the floor. I am transship through Africa billions of The philosophy of this bill is simple: strongly in favor of this resolution. I dollars of products because of the pro- America stands ready to help those Af- emphasize the importance of allowing vision in this law that allows 65 per- rican countries that help themselves. free market economics to provide the cent of the product to be manufactured The bill gives greater trade benefits to means of economic development and outside of Africa and then the remain- those countries that undertake sus- freedom for the people of Africa. ing 35 percent can be completed in Af- tained reform. Those efforts should in- One of the most striking things that rica and then sold to the United States clude, for example, eliminating trade I have studied over the last couple of or wherever. We are already buying bil- barriers, improving fiscal policies, pro- years (and I want to particularly single lions of dollars in products from China moting private sector development, out the good friendship and support of today. fostering good governance, fighting my colleague, the gentleman from New I can remember when Wal-Mart said corruption, and investment and social Jersey (Mr. PAYNE), who sits across only buy American. They had ‘‘Buy development. And countries engaging from me today in doing so) is that the America’’ advertisements all over the in gross violations of human rights horrors that have occasionally sur- place. If we go into Wal-Mart today, would not be eligible. faced, such as in , such as in probably 75 percent of the products we Increased trade and investment , are in countries that are in- see are made in China by slave labor, would be good for Africa and good for ternally focused, that do not have large by women and children, people whose American workers. Africa constitutes a links of trade with the world, that are human rights are being violated. And market of over 660 million people, po- not largely export-oriented, that are at now we are going to expand their abil- tentially one of the largest markets in best self-sufficient in a good year. The ity to garner a large part of the world the world. More people than Japan and key to diminishing the likelihood of market by saying that two-thirds of all of the Asian nations combined. If such occurrences is to give Africa the the product that is made in Africa can reform spurs growth, it will create new opportunity to be looking to the world, be made in China and transshipped and bigger markets for U.S. exports. and not just internally where the strife through Africa to the United States Our exports to Africa already are in- has arisen. and elsewhere. tensive in high-wage industries such as I wish to emphasize a second point We need to be concerned about machinery, transportation equipment, also—that those of our colleagues who human rights throughout the world, electronics and services. Exports to Af- mistrust American aid to African gov- and that provision in this law does con- rica are already much greater, 27 per- ernments sometimes are right, and cern me. We should have a different cent greater than our exports to all the sometimes they are wrong, but they percentage in the bill. former Soviet Union combined. ought to be supportive of this bill in Mr. MENENDEZ. Mr. Chairman, I Mr. Chairman, this bill can also bol- that it does not give money to a gov- yield 1 minute to the gentleman from ster nascent African democracies, ernment. It rather empowers the indi- New Jersey (Mr. PAYNE). which can decrease the need for U.S. vidual to build his or her own economic Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Chairman, I thank military, humanitarian and disaster re- future. the gentleman for yielding me this lief. Let us consider the example of Mo- Mr. Chairman, I strongly support time. zambique. this bill and urge all of my colleagues For many years we have tried to dic- After 16 years of civil war, demo- to do so. tate policies for other countries and cratic elections were held in Mozam- Mr. ROYCE. Mr. Chairman, I yield 2 tell them what they ought to do. We bique in 1994 and economic stability minutes to the gentleman from Indiana have had a year-long meeting with the has been restored. Inflation has been (Mr. BURTON). African diplomatic corps, and many of reduced from a high of 70 percent to ap- Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Chair- them are offended by the statements proximately 5 percent in just 3 years. man, I thank the gentleman for yield- that we hear that we are going to Over 780 State-owned industries have ing me the time. transship through them. They say they been privatized, some purchased by I am in favor of free trade around the have been dealing with other countries U.S. companies. The economic recov- world and free trade with Africa, I before. ery has helped provide jobs for demobi- think, is extremely important. But There is the ECOWAS community of lized fighters and made it possible for there are provisions in this law that 16 West African countries; we have the government to boost investment in really concern me. For instance, only SADC, made up of the 12 southern; we education and health, the building 35 percent of the product that is pro- have the east and southern countries. blocks for the future of that nation. March 11, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H1045 ’s dramatic turnaround prosperous Africa matters to the cause this issue has arisen already, underscores what investment and trade United States. that the bill in no way, in no way cuts can do, how they can help economies, Africans can reach their limitless po- back or eliminates the aid programs governments and people recover from tential, or Africa’s many social and en- that are currently in place. the trauma of war and build successful, vironmental problems, problems that While this legislation offers many stable, democratic societies. Increased increasingly impact Americans, can important benefits for sub-Saharan Af- trade and investment complements overwhelm the continent. So the rica, the bill also furthers important continuing assistance, and we cannot stakes are high, but I believe the fu- policy goals of the United States. afford to let Africa fail. We must seize ture of many African countries is Clearly, it is in our interest to support upon the opportunity to help Africa bright. This bill will help make it the democratic and free market trends help itself. brighter, and I urge my colleagues to in Africa, because a stronger, more sta- We have policy interests that are support this landmark piece of legisla- ble and prosperous Africa will be a clear and compelling. Let us not lose, tion. greater and better partner for security let us not lose this historic oppor- Mr. Chairman, I yield back the bal- and peace in the region and a better tunity to make a difference in the an- ance of my time. ally in our mutual fight against nar- nals of history. Let us not lose this op- Mr. CRANE. Mr. Chairman, I yield cotics trafficking, international crime, portunity now at the turn of the cen- myself such time as I may consume, terrorism, the spread of disease and en- tury. It is time for a new paradigm as and I rise in support of H.R. 1432, the vironmental degradation. it relates to Africa, and we should be African Growth and Opportunity Act, At the same time, a strong and stable taking advantage of that opportunity which represents the culmination of 3 sub-Saharan Africa constitutes a com- by the adoption of this legislation. years of bipartisan work to develop a bined market of nearly 700 million peo- Mr. Chairman, I yield back the bal- trade and investment policy toward the ple, more than Japan and all of the ance of my time. 48 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. I ASEAN nations combined. Already Mr. ROYCE. Mr. Chairman, I yield am pleased that the bill will take this U.S. exports to sub-Saharan Africa are myself the balance of my time, and I important step forward today. 27 percent greater than our exports to I believe that this legislation comes want to commend the gentleman from all of the former Soviet Union, and yet at a time of great hope and oppor- New Jersey (Mr. MENENDEZ), who I our exports, which were valued at $6.2 tunity for sub-Saharan Africa. In re- have enjoyed working with on shaping billion in 1997, have just begun to tap cent years the region has undergone a this bill and on other legislation that into the rapidly growing markets in quiet but persistent evolution toward has come before our committee. the region. At present, our exports are democratic transformation as well as Let me respond quickly to some of intensive in high-wage industries, such the discussions on the criteria in the free market reforms. Indeed, 25 of the 48 countries in sub-Saharan Africa as machinery, transportation equip- bill. The criteria call for such partici- have held democratic elections and 30 ment, electronics and services. pation requirements as protection of have embarked on significant economic b 1330 property rights, reduction of high im- reforms, including tightening their fis- port taxes, elimination of corruption, As sub-Saharan Africa benefits from cal discipline, the privatization of observance of the rule of law. These its own decision to embrace free mar- state enterprises, and the liberalization and other criteria are minimal reason- ket principles, U.S. firms and workers of trade and investment regimes. will benefit in terms of higher levels of able standards for nations doing busi- Due in no small part to these reform ness with one another. U.S. exports. I also believe that it is efforts, African economic growth is important that we hear the voices of The criteria in this bill represent picking up, and U.S.-Africa trade has international standards. They are not Africans themselves in our debate grown at nearly 20 percent a year for today about what they believe H.R. U.S.-imposed standards that are un- the past 2 years. Perhaps nothing de- workable in the African context. Ugan- 1432 means to their future. scribes the changes underway better As the sponsor of this legislation, I dan Ambassador Edith Ssempala has than an African diplomat’s statement said they are necessary to encourage believe that it will establish sub-Saha- at the Committee on Ways and Means ran Africa as a priority in U.S. trade African nations to address issues they markup of this bill that ‘‘Africa is open might choose to ignore otherwise. policy and will encourage countries in for business.’’ the region to continue and perhaps re- Human rights, the importation, the In recognition of the progress sub-Sa- double their economic and political re- development of a court system, the haran Africa has made, H.R. 1432 moves form efforts. rule of law, these are important poli- our African policy away from its his- In addition, H.R. 1432 is important to cies. And, frankly, these are policies, torical focus on aid towards a focus on the advancement of the wide range of these are criteria that have brought trade. In particular, the bill promotes U.S. policy and security interests in economic progress worldwide, and they mutually beneficial trade relationships the region and to codify many signifi- are supported by the African ambas- and partnerships with those countries sadors. They have embraced this bill. in the region committed to economic cant initiatives already underway by As chairman of the Africa sub- and political reform. this administration. I urge its favor- committee, I have had the chance to First, to facilitate trade and invest- able consideration by the House today. speak with many Africans, both at ment policy discussions, the bill cre- Mr. Chairman, I include for the home and in their own countries, about ates a U.S.-Africa Trade and Economic RECORD the following: this bill. I will be traveling with Presi- Cooperation Forum similar to the suc- EMBASSY OF THE REPUBLIC OF , dent Clinton and a few of my House cessful APEC model in the Asia-Pacific Washington, DC, July 8, 1997. colleagues in 2 weeks. For my col- Re passage of the African Growth and Oppor- region. tunity Act. leagues, I cannot overestimate this Second, to provide enhanced export bill’s importance to Africa. It is so well opportunities for nonimport-sensitive Hon. PHILLIP CRANE, received because Africans desperately Member of Congress, Cannon House Office products from Africa, the bill provides Building, Washington, DC. want to be part of the world economy a 10-year extension of the Generalized DEAR CONGRESSMAN CRANE: As outlined in and they realize that a special eco- System of Preferences program for sub- our statement sent to you on May 15, 1997, nomic relationship with the United Saharan African countries committed we would like to express our strong support States, not a perpetual aid relation- to economic and political reform. for the passage of H.R. 1432, African Growth ship, is a big step in that direction. Third, to promote trade liberaliza- and Opportunity Act, this year. We urge Now, this body should not pass this tion in the region, the bill requires the Congress to pass this legislation based on its bill because of that alone. It should President to formulate a plan to enter merits. pass this bill because it helps Ameri- This legislation presents a unique oppor- into free trade agreements with coun- tunity to build a new relationship between cans. We have heard of the growing tries meeting the bill’s economic cri- the United States and Africa. It also serves American business interests in Africa, teria. to reinforce the very positive changes that brought about by the reforms this bill And just as a side comment, I would are taking place throughout the continent of encourages. We have heard about why a like to reassure colleagues present, be- Africa. H1046 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 11, 1998 Please accept the assurances of our highest tiatives in this area as espoused in the forts being made to stimulate infrastructure consideration. ‘‘Partnership for Economic Growth and Op- development in Sub-Saharan Africa by creat- Sincerely, portunity in Africa’’ document (Hereinafter ing an Infrastructure Fund. H.E. Amos Bernard M. Midzi, Ambas- called the initiative) and the President’s sec- We welcome the proposal to establish a po- sador, ; H.E. Gaetan R. ond report to Congress entitled ‘‘A Com- sition of Assistant United States Trade Rep- Ouedraogo, Ambassador, ; prehensive Trade and Development Policy resentative to deal exclusively with issues H.E. Willie Chokani, Ambassador, Ma- For the Countries of Africa.’’ relating to Africa. We hope this initiative lawi; H.E. Chitmansing Jesseramsing, As regards the need for eligibility require- will be replicated in all the agencies of the Ambassador, ; H.E. Azouz ments, we trust that there will be bilateral Administration. Ennifar, Ambassador, ; H.E. consultations with all countries concerned in We express our appreciation to the people, Mary M. Kanya, Ambassador, Swazi- order to achieve transparency. the Administration and the Congress of the land; H.E. Archibald M. Mogwe, Am- We are pleased to note that the Bill/Initia- United States for their long-standing eco- nomic and financial assistance to our con- bassador, ; H.E. Paul tive emphasize(s) the need to strengthen the tinent. We reiterate that economic assist- Boundoukou-Latha, Ambassador, various US agencies which facilitate foreign ance remains an indispensable and crucial ; Mr. Nana Effah-Apenteng, investment enabling them to respond more complement to the development efforts of Charge D’Affaires, Ghana; Mr. John effectively to the investment needs of Sub- Saharan African countries. We urge the African countries to enable them to become Mathew Mwendwa, Charge D’Affaires, more viable economic partners. United States to continue to support bilat- Tanzania; H.E. Berhane Gebre- As always, we express our readiness to Christos, Ambassador, ; H.E. eral and multilateral programs that enhance work with Congress, the Administration and Dieudonne Antoine Ganga, Ambas- capacity building, technical assistance and other interested parties to enhance the posi- sador, Congo; Mr. Malamin K. Juwara, transfer of technology to Africa. tion of Sub-Saharan Africa as a meaningful Charge D’Affaires, Gambia; H.E. Eu- We welcome the recognition of the impor- player in the international marketplace in nice M. Bulane, Ambassador, ; tance and crucial role the US companies that view of the globalization of the world econ- H.E. Ahmat Mahamat Saleh, Ambas- are already doing business in Sub-Saharan omy. Africa should play in the Inter-agency Credit sador, ; H.E. Benjamin Edgar Mr. Chairman, I reserve the balance Kipkorir, Ambassador, ; H.E. Risk Assessment System (ICRAS) to render Edith Grace Ssempala, Ambassador, the process of assessment more transparent of my time. ; H.E. Ramtane Lamamra, Am- and objective. Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Chairman, I yield bassador, . We equally welcome the intention of the myself such time as I may consume. H.E. Mamadou Mansour Seck, Ambas- Bill/Initiative to support the development I rise with great pride in support of sador, ; H.E. Ahmed Ould Sid and growth of the private sector in particu- this legislation. How many bills can Ahmed, Ambassador, ; H.E. lar the Small and Medium scale Enterprises come before this House supported by Jerome Mendouga, Ambassador, Cam- (SMEs), especially women-owned businesses the President of the United States, the eroon; Mr. Biclair Andrianantoandro, in Africa as a way of achieving self-reliance. Speaker of the House, the minority In this regard, we hope the Equity Fund that Charge D’Affaires, ; Mr. leader of the House, and the support of Mustapha Cherkaoui, Charge D’Af- is being proposed will be used for investment in enterprises which add value to our raw the leadership in the Senate? It has faires, ; Rufino Jose Mendes, been long overdue that we recognize Ambassador, Bissau; Mirghani materials. Mohamed Salih, Charge D’Affaires, We welcome the proposal in the Bill/Initia- the potential in trading with Africa. ; H.E. Kofi Moise Koumoue, Am- tive to establish an annual United States- And it is not just helping a people bassador, Cote D’Ivoire; H.E. Lucien Sub-Saharan Africa Trade and Economic that have been excised from economic Tonoukouin, Ambassador, ; Mr. Forum which will facilitate discussions, at development because of colonialism, Manuel De Matos, Charge D’Affaires, Cabinet/Ministerial level, of economic issues. but it is certainly in our best interest ; H.E. Joseph Diatta, Am- The proposal for summit meetings between to develop those markets and to be bassador, ; H.E. Pastor M.O. Bile, the President of the United States and Afri- can Heads of State and Government, at least able to see, as countries rebuild them- Ambassador, Equitorial Guinea; Mr. selves, that these European countries Fungbe Ralf Aderele, Minister, ; once every two years is commendable. The establishment of a Free Trade Area be- not having the priority, but the friend- H.E. Marcos G. Namashulua, Ambas- tween the United States and Sub-Saharan sador, Mozambique; H.E. Veiccoh K. ship would be with those that were Africa, is a good long term objective taking Nghiwete, Ambassador, ; Mr. there when they needed them. That is into account the differences in the levels of George Rowe Nzala, Charge D’Affaires, why it amazes me how some of the so- economic development between the United Zambia; H.E. Roble Olhaye, Ambas- called friends of Africa have now found States and Sub-Saharan Africa. sador, Djibouti. out what they think is best for Afri- We particularly welcome the provision in EMBASSY OF THE REPUBLIC the Bill/Initiative to admit Sub-Saharan Af- cans, when we have been working with OF ZIMBABWE, rica’s textiles and apparel into the United their leadership here. Washington, DC, 15 May 1997. States free of quotas and urge that duty free African economists, African leaders Re: statement by African Ambassadors to access be incorporated in the new Bill. We have come and they have said that the United States on the US economic also urge that this provision be extended to they want to be able to work in that agenda toward Africa other manufactured products. That measure same atmosphere as other countries in Congressman PHILLIP CRANE, would have a significant and immediate posi- terms of encouraging investment and Cannon House Office Building, tive impact on the economies of Sub-Saha- Washington, DC. allowing the free marketplace to work ran African countries. for them, to support their ever-growing DEAR CONGRESSMAN CRANE: In my capacity The expansion and revamping of the GSP as Chairman of the Economic Committee of program is a welcome development as are democracies. And yet, we have people the African Ambassadors Group, I have the the proposed rules of origin. We however that say, oh, no, that is not good pleasure to forward for your attention, a urge that since GSP for Sub-Saharan Africa enough for Africa. statement from the African Ambassadors in represents only 3.4 percent of total U.S. im- I do not know where they were with response to the Partnership for Economic ports under the GSP program, it be re-au- the Europeans, where they were with Growth and Opportunity in Africa document thorized for a ten year period to facilitate Asia, where they were in South Amer- and the Bill H.R. 1432. Africa Growth and Op- planning by both importers and exporters. ica. But Africa does not need those portunity Act. The indebtedness of African countries is a Please accept the assurances of my highest kinds of friends now. What they need major obstacle to their economic develop- are people to support the beginning. consideration. ment. The leadership of the United States in AMOS B.M. MIDZI, debt reduction with respect to both bilateral And that is all this is, the beginning. Ambassador. and multilateral debt is therefore required, There are no provisions in this bill STATEMENT BY AFRICAN AMBASSADORS TO THE particularly in the G–7 forum. that mandates that any African nation UNITED STATES ON THE US ECONOMIC AGEN- As a complement to our national efforts, succumbs to it. They decide, based on DA TOWARD AFRICA we welcome the initiative that recognizes the rules, whether they want to par- We, the African Ambassadors to the United that education, health, the eradication of ticipate. All of the suggestions that are States of America, appreciate the continued poverty and the enhancement of human life in the bill, the President of the United efforts by the United States Congress to pro- are necessary for sustainable economic de- States does not have to have all of mote trade and investment ties with Africa, velopment. We support the United States ini- those requirements. This weak con- in the spirit of interdependence, as detailed tiatives to financially strengthen the agen- in the Bill H.R. 1432 ‘‘African Growth and Op- cies dealing with these matters. tinent, and certainly the few countries portunity Act’’ (Hereinafter called the Bill). As is well known, good infrastructure is a that are the beneficiary, now has be- We further appreciate the United States prerequisite for investment and economic de- come a threat to the powerful indus- Administration’s continuing efforts and ini- velopment. We therefore appreciate the ef- trial United States of America. March 11, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H1047 We are now importing 1 percent, the path from development assistance to 680 million people. The average per International Trade Commission said economic reliance for sub-Saharan Af- capita income of all the 48 nations is that it could be 2 percent, of textiles. rican countries committed to economic $500 per individual. And now the industry is shaking at its and political reform. Anybody in this country who thinks foundation, and we are going to lose Sadly, the story of sub-Sahara Africa that we cannot compete with these 48 African-American jobs. Well, I rep- in the past few decades has too often nations who think that, with their $500 resent the Harlem community, which been one of economic decline and stag- per capita income, with our education is the African-American capital of the nation, fostered by statist economic levels, with our universities, with our world, and if we lose one job as a result policies too often imbedded by the per- research and development, with our in- of some African working in the sub-Sa- verse design of well-intentioned inter- frastructure, I just cannot believe that haran, I would like to see it. It just national aid programs. anyone would think that those 48 na- does not make any sense at all to be- In recent years, this grim vista has tions are a threat to us. They are not lieve that with these low-skilled jobs, given way to mild regional economic a threat to us in textiles. They are not anyone in this continent, much less in growth. This legislation would promote a threat to us in any way. this country, would be adversely af- further growth by creating new incen- What we would be doing with these fected. tives for economic reform and by bol- nations, by joining them in an African But the arrogance of saying that we stering free economies and free institu- trade agreement, is to bring these 48 want to trade with Africa, knowing tions. nations into the cooperative trading that the low-skilled jobs are in tex- H.R. 1432 develops a partnership be- worlds of the nations that we have with tiles, and what would we say to them; tween the competitive U.S. private sec- us. we will trade with you if you only use tor and the creative sub-Saharan Afri- Essentially, what we are talking American fabrics. That is to say that, can private sector to help stimulate about is providing a democratic foun- we will manufacture the fabrics, we growth in Africa, while increasing eco- dation for these countries. Right now, will send it to you, you can put a cou- nomic opportunities and jobs back of the 48, 30 of them are democracies. ple of stitchings on the label on it, and home. This legislation establishes a co- In addition, as you know, another 30 or send it back to us. operative forum between our countries so are market-oriented countries. When the Africans say it does not to facilitate high-level discussions of What we want to do is establish a re- make sense, when we supporters say it bilateral and multilateral trade and in- lationship that will go well into the does not make sense, they say, well, we vestment policy initiatives. 21st Century, because this continent, do it for Mexico. I would suggest to The bill extends GSP benefits to this region will be one of the great re- those people taking that position that those countries eligible to participate gions over the next 20, 30, and 50 years. in terms of transportation costs, it is a in the bill for the next 10 years. On top That is why this legislation, it is a heck of a lot different bringing goods of that, quotas on textile and apparel small start, but it is so very important from Mexico to Texas than it is to take projects from Kenya and Mauritius are in terms of the free world and in terms it from New York to Africa. eliminated after these countries adopt of working together in a cooperative In any event, we do have an oppor- a visa system to guard against trans- fashion. tunity for an historic vote here. I want shipment. Mr. CRANE. Mr. Chairman, I yield 2 to thank the gentleman from Illinois There is very strong language in this minutes to my distinguished colleague, (Mr. CRANE), because without his help, bill to protect the American economy the gentleman from North Carolina the input of the gentleman from Wash- against transshipment. These provi- (Mr. COBLE), who unfortunately is on ington (Mr. MCDERMOTT), the gen- sions will not, as has been argued on the wrong side of this issue, to rep- tleman from Louisiana (Mr. JEFFER- the floor of this House, lead to a surge resent his point of view. SON), and the gentleman from New Jer- of apparel and textile imports into the (Mr. COBLE asked and was given per- sey (Mr. PAYNE), and so many others U.S. that damages American workers. mission to revise and extend his re- on the Committee on Ways and Means, In fact, given that these imports ac- marks.) the leadership of both sides of the count for less than 1 percent of total Mr. COBLE. Mr. Chairman, I thank House. And we should not go to bed imports of such goods, removing the the gentleman from Illinois for yield- when this becomes law thinking that tariffs and quotas would only increase ing me this time. we have done it all, because it has been these imports by less than another 1 Mr. Chairman, I do not come to the too long that Africa has been shut out percent. The import-sensitive products, floor wrapped in the cloak of protec- from international trade. But one as determined by the ITC, would be ex- tionism today. Many people vote on thing that we will know is that we cluded from duty-free treatment alto- trade issues very rigidly and very in- were a part of the beginning. gether. flexibly. I try to examine each trade And just as many of my colleagues This legislation would create 200,000 issue separately as to how it affects remember the conditions that existed new jobs in Africa, without significant our country. in Korea 10 years ago, for those who job loss to the U.S. economy. It would For example, if the gentleman from would be around to be able to hopefully reduce the dependence of this poverty- Illinois will remember, I voted for MFN see an Africa that is thriving in econ- wracked region on direct U.S. financial for China, thanks in no small part for omy, thriving in democracy, and com- assistance. his having twisted my arm; and, fi- peting with the best of the world, that I urge its passage. nally, he did convert me on that. I is what makes us feel so good to be a Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Chairman, I yield voted for NAFTA. But this is a matter, part of the Congress and to be able to 2 minutes to the gentleman from Cali- Mr. Chairman, that I cannot support. say we made a difference. fornia (Mr. MATSUI). This House just rejected fast track Mr. Chairman, I reserve the balance Mr. MATSUI. Mr. Chairman, I would several weeks ago. As I interpret this of my time. like to thank the gentleman from New bill before us, it would allow the Presi- Mr. CRANE. Mr. Chairman, I yield York (Mr. RANGEL), obviously the gen- dent to negotiate a free trade agree- 21⁄2 minutes to our distinguished col- tleman from Illinois (Mr. CRANE), the ment with Africa. What is this, fast league, the gentleman from Pennsyl- gentleman from Washington (Mr. track light? I think we are going down vania (Mr. ENGLISH), who has been con- MCDERMOTT), the gentleman from Lou- the wrong road. scientious and worked strenuously on isiana (Mr. JEFFERSON), and many oth- While attempting to help the people behalf of the advancement of this bill. ers who have been really pushing this of sub-Saharan Africa, the proposal Mr. ENGLISH of Pennsylvania. Mr. very historic piece of legislation. would do so at a cost of numerous jobs Chairman, I thank the gentleman for I really urge strong support of this in the U.S. fiber, textile and, apparel that acknowledgment. African trade act. It will go a long industries, rich in my district, by the I would like to associate myself with ways in showing our relationship and way, very prominent. Thirty-five thou- the gentleman from New York, as a our involvement with the African na- sand textile workers probably live in friend of Africa, who supports this leg- tions. What we really have here are 48 my district. Nearly 2 million Ameri- islation that establishes a transitional nations in the lower sub-Saharan area, cans are employed by this industry. H1048 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 11, 1998 Approximately one-quarter of those are For instance, we have the Eximbank. Mr. JACKSON of Illinois. Mr. Chair- African-Americans. The Eximbank loans 99.8 percent of its man, will the gentleman yield? In reality, this legislation before us, money somewhere else in the world, Mr. SHAW. I yield to the gentleman it seems to me, would not help the peo- two-tenths percent for Africa. This bill from Illinois. ple of sub-Saharan Africa; rather, the changes things like that. It changes Mr. JACKSON of Illinois. I would bill would benefit the countries of the our government toward Africa and says like to ask the gentleman a question, Far East and the , we want to be trading partners with and I hope he can give me an answer to nations that already have viable tex- you. It is a good bill. it. tile industries and stand ready to ex- Mr. CRANE. Mr. Chairman, I yield 3 The current language of H.R. 1432 ploit the opportunities presented by minutes to the distinguished the gen- suggests absolutely no relationship be- this proposal. tleman from Florida (Mr. SHAW), a tween the development of businesses in I believe we can do better. I urge my member of the committee. Africa and the participation of African- colleagues to vote against this bill. Mr. SHAW. I thank the gentleman American entrepreneurs, negotiators, Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Chairman, I yield for yielding me this time. lawyers, accountants, brokers to facili- 2 minutes to the gentleman from Wash- Mr. Chairman, I want to speak just tate that business. ington (Mr. MCDERMOTT), the person briefly about what is happening in Af- I am interested, on either side, of that initiated the concept of working rica. We have heard other speakers those who are proponents of the bill with the gentleman from Illinois (Mr. talk about the emerging democracies whether or not they can name just a CRANE). and free market systems that are com- company, one African-American ship- (Mr. MCDERMOTT asked and was ing around, but I think also it is impor- ping company that will be the bene- given permission to revise and extend tant to realize that the colonial pow- ficiary under this bill. his remarks.) ers, the old colonial powers still exist. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the Mr. MCDERMOTT. Mr. Chairman, we Even though it is not by law, it is cus- gentleman from Florida (Mr. SHAW) has are seeing today the end of a process tom on the continent of Africa. expired. that began 4 years ago. When I came to There are a lot of things going on in Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Chairman, I yield the Congress, I had just been working Africa that really demand an American 2 minutes to the gentleman from Lou- for the State Department and traveled presence. The natural resources are isiana (Mr. JEFFERSON), a long-time all over Africa. I had been in 21 of the really unsurpassed in the world as the friend of Africa, one of the greatest countries of Africa. I knew what the potential for oil and other minerals. supporters of the bill. conditions were there. Also, of course, the environment of When I saw the GATT legislation, I Mr. JEFFERSON. I thank the gen- Africa is something we have to be very asked my staff, what does this do for tleman for yielding the time to me. concerned about. The clear-cutting Mr. Chairman, I want to tell Mem- Africa? They said nothing. We have no that is going on in those forests is bers about an exciting mission that we policy toward Africa. So we put an something that should concern us here took to Africa on behalf of the Presi- amendment in the GATT legislation in in the United States not only because dent of the United States, a mission 1994 saying that the United States of the preservation of the environment that was led by the gentleman from should have a policy toward Africa. That is really where this started. It in Africa, but the effect that that has New York (Mr. RANGEL) that involved would not have happened just with me. upon our own environment. The hurri- some 42 individuals, some six or so Without the gentleman from Illinois canes are formed just off the coast of Congresspeople, people who rep- Africa that affect the East Coast of the resented the business sector and others (Mr. CRANE), who took the idea and em- bellished it, and the gentleman from United States. If the clear-cutting of who represented the administration. the forests is to continue, this is going What we found was an Africa that it New York (Mr. RANGEL), and the gen- to have a drastic effect on weather here was ready to deal with trading and in- tleman from Louisiana (Mr. JEFFER- in the United States. vesting with the United States in a SON), and the gentleman from New I saw firsthand in the Republic of the true partnership, an Africa that had York (Mr. HOUGHTON), and the gen- Congo some of the problems that they felt neglected over the years, that was tleman from California (Mr. ROYCE), a whole group of people, including the are having with the clear-cutting in cheered on by the policy we were dis- Speaker, have played an important role that area and the use of the animals as cussing, that had had a great hand in in putting this policy together. camp meat, everything from the goril- redacting the policy. I saw Africa in 1961 for the first time las to the other types of animals that This is not a bill that has come out 1 when everybody was excited about how exist in that part of the world. Also, of nowhere. It has been 2 ⁄2 years in the it was going to go. Africa, Ghana where that the Asians are moving into the Af- making, ever since we were dealing I was, and Korea were exactly in the rica, and they are doing the clear-cut- with GATT and found out, to our sur- same place. Thirty years later, the 11th ting; just as happened in Indonesia, it prise and to the surprise of many on largest economy in the world is Korea, is now continuing on the continent of our committee, that we addressed and Ghana is right where it was then. Africa. every continent in the world with re- That, to me, said it was American pol- I think it is time for us to have the spect to our trading and investing rela- icy about what we were going to do for responsible presence of the United tionship, but we did not address Africa. Asia that we could do for Africa. That States and the United States We thought it was important to turn is really what this bill does. businesspeople, who have the highest the attention of the administration to- Everyone says there is a free trade standards of any in the world, to have ward that. We got African nations in- agreement in this. There is no free a continuing presence or a growing volved in it. We are now seeing the ben- trade agreement. There is no free trade presence in Africa. Of course, we know efit of their input into this bill. They with Asia. We have no free trade agree- from experience that, and the prior are hugely behind it; they are ready to ment negotiated with Asia. We are speaker spoke of this, all of the aid work with us, and Africa is ready. working toward that. This bill sets us that we have thrown into that con- This is not an Africa that it was 15 on a transitional path to work toward tinent really has not done that much; years ago. This is an Africa under great that with Africa. But it is not some- but I think trade certainly will. We new leadership that has turned toward thing that is going to happen within 1 have seen this in other parts of the market-oriented economies, that is year. world. If we adopt a policy of trade, not trying very hard to budget its affairs aid, I think that we are going to see a appropriately, and that is ready to do b 1345 lot of wonderful things happen on that business with the United States. It There are other things in this bill continent. would be to our detriment if we do not that people do not talk about. The The future of the world is going to be take advantage of it now. United States Government, when they shared very greatly by the continent of This bill is not perfect, as no bill is put their stamp of approval on some- Africa, and I think it is extremely im- perfect, but it does take a huge step in thing, all kinds of good things start to portant that we have a United States the right direction of putting us on the happen. presence on that continent. map of dealing with a continent that March 11, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H1049 has been neglected as a true and impor- by other considerations, I am strongly to operate what I see and what I view tant trade and investment destination. in favor of this bill. as a real win for both countries. It also does some important things Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Chairman, I yield Mr. CRANE. Mr. Chairman, I yield here that will help the African nations such time as he may consume to the myself such time as I may consume. manage their own investments in edu- gentleman from North Carolina (Mr. Mr. JACKSON of Illinois. Mr. Chair- cation and health much better than HEFNER). man, will the gentleman yield? they have invested and managed them (Mr. HEFNER asked and was given Mr. CRANE. I yield to the gentleman now. permission to revise and extend his re- from Illinois. About a quarter of the African na- marks.) Mr. JACKSON of Illinois. Mr. Chair- tions’ budgets are taken up by debt. Mr. HEFNER. Mr. Chairman, I rise in man, I am very concerned about major- This bill purports to take care of debt opposition to the bill. I think it is un- ity participation, i.e. African Ameri- relief. fortunate that we were not able to cans, in the African trade bill. If the Another good part of the bill deals offer an amendment that would have gentleman would indicate any provi- with an issue that the gentleman from corrected this bill. I rise in opposition sion of the bill for the general audience Illinois (Mr. JACKSON) raised a minute to the bill and urge my colleagues to about how African-American shipping ago, that deals with equity investing in vote against it. companies and businesses are partici- small business opportunities there that Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Chairman, I yield pants in this bill, I would be grateful helps to put together chances for peo- 2 minutes to the gentlewoman from for an answer. I thank the gentleman for yielding. Michigan (Ms. KILPATRICK). ple to gain wealth in Africa. And also Mr. CRANE. All I can say is any Ms. KILPATRICK. Mr. Chairman, I microenterprises. It addresses the issue American business can be a participant thank the gentleman from New York of poor , the most re- in the bill. They are all welcomed. We (Mr. RANGEL) for his leadership and for pressed population in the world. do not discriminate. We are not really this opportunity to speak. I think This is a great bill, it is mutually concerned about whether they are today is a great day for our country as beneficial to our country and to Africa, white, whether they are black, whether well as for the hundreds of millions of and I hope this Congress will pass it. they are Hispanic, whether they are Mr. CRANE. Mr. Chairman, I yield 2 people who live on the continent of Af- Asian. minutes to the distinguished gen- rica, the largest continent in the We want to encourage business tleman from New York (Mr. HOUGH- world; the richest continent in the across the board, one and all. That spe- TON). world, with its minerals, its gold, its cific kind of provision is not incor- Mr. HOUGHTON. Mr. Chairman, I do silver, its ivory. porated in the language of the bill. not have any great words of wisdom on I think this is a good opportunity, Mr. JACKSON of Illinois. If those this that have not already been ex- and I commend the Committee on businesses are found to be discrimina- pressed. I just can talk from my own Ways and Means and all those who tory at home, not hiring African Amer- experience. have worked on this bill over these icans, then it is problematic for the On the negative side, there is always years to begin the partnerships that bill; is it not? the worry that this will put some of Africa wants, that our country needs, Mr. CRANE. I do not know of any our textile people out of business. to stimulate both growth and develop- business that is guilty of that and that There is always the worry of trans- ment here in this country and on the would violate our guidelines, anyway. shipment. There is always the worry continent of Africa. Mr. Chairman, I yield 2 minutes to that people who already have been hit Is it a perfect bill? No, it is not. But the gentleman from Ohio (Mr. very hard and have a minority of the as we worked through the process, it is PORTMAN), our distinguished colleague share of our business in this country very much a beginning, a beginning on the Committee on Ways and Means. are going to be further hurt; and they where our American businesses can Mr. PORTMAN. Mr. Chairman, I will can say, If you do this to textiles, why partner with African businesses to em- not take 2 minutes, but I do want to do you not do it to the plastics indus- ploy hundreds of thousands of people, stand here to support the legislation try? Why do you not do it to some to increase tax revenues on this side of and what the gentleman from Illinois other industry? I understand that. the Atlantic, as well as improve our (Mr. CRANE), the gentleman from New But it just seems to me in terms of schools and offer more revenues for our York (Mr. RANGEL) and others have put the magnitude of the economic impact national treasury. together. and also the fact that, in effect, this I participated in the most recent It is a good bill. It is exactly the will be so dispersed that there will not presidential mission to Africa last De- right approach to take in terms of be this transshipment issue to quite cember. It was a fine mission. We vis- trade because it is going to benefit the the degree that people think. So that is ited six different African countries. It United States and sub-Saharan Africa. a negative side, but I think there is an was my fifth visit to Africa. All six of Many nations in sub-Saharan Africa answer such as I have just tried to ex- those prime ministers, heads of state are beginning to implement democratic plain. that we met with want this bill. All of reforms, Mr. Chairman, expand eco- The other side, which I think is even the ambassador corps who work with nomic growth in ways that they can to more important, is this: Many times us in Washington want this bill. try to bring greater prosperity and sta- Africans, ambassadors, delegations They know it is not perfect. But what bilize the region. For too long, in my from countries, come into our offices it will do is begin to allow American view, we have relied simply on foreign and say, please invest in our country. businesses and African countries to assistance, and frankly, that is drying What they are really doing is thinking partner in such a way that we stimu- up as well, to help facilitate these of foreign aid, and we do not have very late employment on the continent and changes. This is a much better ap- much foreign aid. I have been around revenue-generating, enterprising gov- proach. for a long time. It has slowly decreased ernment, American businesses growth Through this legislation today we bit by bit by bit. But even if it were at on this side of the Atlantic. have got an opportunity to assist this the old-time levels, it would not do I commend the Committee on Ways changing region in a much better way, what those nations need to have done and Means, the gentleman from Wash- and that is through commerce. The leg- in order to jump-start their economies. ington (Mr. MCDERMOTT), the gen- islation allows the U.S. to take a very This does a very, very important, sub- tleman from Illinois (Mr. CRANE) and positive role in encouraging an eco- tle thing. What it does is, it creates the the gentleman from New York (Mr. nomic and political renaissance really atmosphere for individual and private RANGEL) for their leadership. We have a throughout sub-Saharan Africa, it es- investment. That is a multiplication long way to go. This is a first step to tablishes a free trade area to serve as a investment which really is going to that. catalyst for increasing trade and for in- have the most impact on those coun- I believe that as we move to the 21st creasing private-sector development in tries. century, the wellness of Africa and the the region. It also helps the U.S. facili- Therefore, recognizing the potential wellness of America are inextricably tate these market-led economic re- issue on the other side, but being offset tied together. This legislation begins forms in 48 countries in this region. H1050 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 11, 1998 The bottom line for me, really the trict could be without jobs because this More than 30 of them have begun pro- big picture here, is that the United bill does not stop the illegal trans- grams to replace outdated and corrupt States, by passing this legislation, is shipment of apparel from other coun- centralized economies with freer mar- supporting economic self-reliance for tries, particularly China. kets. If we pass this bill we will be say- sub-Saharan African countries, par- We need to add safeguard provisions ing to those countries that we support ticularly those who are committed to that would ensure that U.S. textile their efforts and want to join them in the kind of economic and political re- workers, not Asian textile workers, going even further. form that many countries in the region manufacturers, get to produce the fab- This is an historic moment, Mr. are going toward anyway, and market ric that the African workers turn into Chairman. It is an opportunity to give incentives, private-sector growth, clothes. This would not only help Sub-Saharan Africa the same incen- eradication of poverty. I urge my col- American workers but would provide tives to address their problems of leagues to support it as an important more jobs to Africans. Without these chronic poverty, poor infrastructure trade initiative, but also something provisions, we are looking at a lose/lose and limited economic opportunity that that is good for the United States and scenario for Africans and American we have given to other nations. good for the African continent as a workers. The concerns of some of our col- whole. Unfortunately, the Committee on leagues can be addressed, so let us not Rules denied the opportunity to vote derail this opportunity which will be b 1400 on an amendment to require that the beneficial to both us and Africa. It is Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Chairman, I yield apparel receiving duty-free and quota- not a perfect bill, but it is a good be- 2 minutes to the gentleman from North free treatment be constructed of U.S.- ginning. Carolina (Mr. WATT). manufactured yarn and fabric, so I ask My colleagues, the continent of Afri- Mr. WATT of North Carolina. Mr. for a vote against the bill. ca deserves our support. We should give Chairman, I thank my colleague from Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Chairman, I yield it to her. Pass H.R. 1432. New York for yielding me this time. 1 minute to the gentleman from Vir- Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Chairman, I yield Let me make two points. First of all, ginia (Mr. MORAN). myself such time as I may consume to I am a strong supporter of African de- Mr. MORAN of Virginia. Mr. Chair- take the opportunity to speak to some velopment. Second of all, I have the man, I am strongly in favor of this bill. of the concerns that some of my col- greatest respect for the sponsors of this It is about time we had a bill that ac- leagues have had as relates to trans- bill, as well as people who are opposed tually respected the people of Africa, shipment, which is always an issue to the bill. Having said that, I want to that was not based upon colluding with when we are dealing with any type of a rise in opposition to this bill. their corrupt leaders or exploiting trade bill. Because of this concern, the When I was growing up, there was a them but finally treats the people of Committee on Ways and Means had put saying that if it looks like a duck and Africa with respect. It will empower in specific language to increase the quacks like a duck, it probably is a the laborers of Africa, particularly the penalties for any country that is found duck. But every once in a while, what women, to get microenterprise loans, guilty of transshipment. But the inter- looks like a duck and quacks like a and to have a competitive market in esting thing is that these African coun- duck is a decoy, and this bill, it seems this country to sell their handmade ap- tries, more than any other countries to me, is a decoy at this point. It falls parel and other handicraft products. that we are dealing with in trade, are short of being a true development bill This is the least we can do. There is so sorely in need of jobs that they for Africa in several respects. not another continent in the world would be the ones that are looking for- There were opportunities to improve that this country has exploited more ward to getting assistance and having this bill and actually make it a duck if than Africa. The African people were their people trained and having the the Committee on Rules had allowed the underpinnings of our slave agricul- ability to participate in international amendments to be offered on the floor tural economy for our first two cen- trade. of the House. They would have ad- turies of growth. It is about time we The World Trade Organization has dressed worker rights and human turned American policy toward Africa rules against violations of trans- rights. They would have addressed the around and showed some recognition of shipment, and certainly we will have control of the African countries over the inherent value of the people of Af- the resources as well as the customs development. They would have ad- rica. agencies to see what is coming into the dressed the textile and apparel con- Africa is the only continent in the United States. We certainly can deter- cerns of people in this country. world whose poverty is expected to in- mine whether it came from the con- Unfortunately, the Committee on crease over the next decade. Given our tinent of Africa, and since they only Rules saw fit not to make those pro- history of exploitation and enslave- penetrate our market 1 percent, and it posed amendments in order on this bill. ment of African men and women is it is believed that they do not have the Therefore, the bill must be considered not now at least partly our responsibil- ability or the capability to penetrate it as it is currently written. Right now, ity to turn that around, to see to it more than 2 percent, if there was a the bill falls short of being a bill that that they progress with the rest of the question of transshipment, it should be I believe merits support, and I encour- world into the 21st century and enjoy something that would be easily found. age my colleagues to vote against the some respect and dignity. We should all I also would like to deal with the bill. be voting ‘‘aye’’ on this bill. question of human rights and the ques- Mr. CRANE. Mr. Chairman, I yield 1 Mr. CRANE. Mr. Chairman, I reserve tion of workers’ rights. As most people minute to the gentleman from North the balance of my time. know, these are included in the GSP, Carolina (Mr. BALLENGER), our distin- Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Chairman, I yield and the President of the United States guished colleague. 1 minute to the gentlewoman from the has responsibility before he signs off on Mr. BALLENGER. Mr. Chairman, I Virgin Islands (Ms. CHRISTIAN-GREEN). any agreement to make certain that rise today in opposition to H.R. 1432. Ms. CHRISTIAN-GREEN. Mr. Chair- that agreement is in the international How can we call this bill the African man, I thank my colleague for yielding interests as well as the interests of the Growth and Opportunity Act when me this time. people of the United States of America. there is a question about growth and The time has come for our Nation to So whether we are talking about en- opportunity for anyone in this bill, ex- give the continent of Africa the same vironment or human rights or workers’ cept for Asians. Only 35 percent of a opportunities for economic growth that rights incorporated in the concept, the product must be produced in Africa, we have given to virtually every other language in the bill would certainly and the rest can be produced in China region of the world. When all is said take care of that. or Bangladesh. and done, my colleagues, that is what I am particularly concerned that the In its current form, H.R. 1432 poses a H.R. 1432 is all about and seeks to do. people in these developing African serious risk to our domestic textile in- Many of the 48 countries that make countries have not only looked forward dustry and its employees. Thousands of up Sub-Saharan Africa have undergone to the United States executive branch American workers and many in my dis- remarkable changes in recent years. for leadership, but have worked very March 11, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H1051 closely with the members of the com- can improve the quality of life not only closing. I think it employed like 350 mittee and their staff to make certain for the Africans, but to give oppor- people. That is sad. That has been that the relationship was one of mu- tunity to those people in these great going on for some time. tual respect. I think those are the United States. But his plant in his district is not magic words when we are dealing with Mr. Chairman, I reserve the balance closing because of our bill that is under any country: mutual respect. Whatever of my time. consideration on the floor today. His guidelines and conditions are necessary Mr. CRANE. Mr. Chairman, I yield plant is closing because of inefficien- in order to give assurances to inves- myself such time as I may consume to cies, and the inability of most of our tors, it is not the United States who commend our distinguished ranking production here in the United States to sets the guidelines, it is the inter- minority member for his comments, keep pace with competition. It is not national community that does that. his insights and his explanation as to competition coming from Africa. So the bill was drafted not only with why this legislation is in the mutual Our textile and apparel imports in the concerns of the Africans, but some- interests of the countries affected in the year 1996 totaled $46 billion, billion. thing that could get the support of lib- Sub-Saharan Africa, as well as in our Of that $46 billion, the portion that erals and conservatives, Republicans own national interests. I think that is came from sub-Saharan Africa totaled and Democrats, because even though why it has attracted the kind of bipar- roughly $380 million, out of $46 billion. some people may think this is a decoy tisan support that we have enjoyed. The ITC, International Trade Commis- and not a duck, the President of the I want to pay tribute to the gen- sion, has estimated that with the pas- United States believes it is a trade bill, tleman from Washington, (Mr. sage of this bill, our imports from sub- the Secretary of State believes it is a MCDERMOTT), the gentleman from New Saharan Africa will increase from $100 trade bill, the members of the commit- York (Mr. RANGEL), the gentleman to $170 million. It will be less than 2 tee believe it is a trade bill, but most from Louisiana (Mr. JEFFERSON), the percent of our total imports, out of importantly, our African friends who gentleman from California (Mr. MAT- that $46 to $50 billion in imports from are dependent on this, who are looking SUI) over there, all the people that were around the world. forward to this and having hope for the there from the beginning and fighting In addition to that, ITC has projected future, believe it gives them an oppor- the good fight. out that at the end of 10 years, it will tunity as a trade bill. Mr. Chairman, on this question of be 3 percent of our imports. So when So I do hope that those that have res- transshipment, because it has come up we read these articles about plant clos- ervations would understand that this is and it does excite a degree of paranoia, ings, do not point the accusing finger far from a perfect document. How could and I think a legitimate paranoia on at sub-Saharan Africa. That is not it be, with so many people coming from the part of those who could be ad- what is causing the problem. It is a so many directions? And the fact that versely affected, I think that in this worldwide development, and it is one these are countries in Africa does not legislation we have gone further than that has adversely impacted us, to be mean that they do not have differences any legislation heretofore in trying to sure, because we do have more efficient among themselves in terms of what cope with the situation. To that end, competition to face worldwide. But do should be in the bill. our bill directs the President to require not make it look like that is coming Mr. Chairman, this is something to the exporting countries in Africa to from sub-Saharan Africa, and do not work toward. This is something to give adopt effective visa systems to guard make it look like the passage of 1432 is opportunities to people in the United against transshipments and the use of going to have any significant impact States to look forward to having a bet- counterfeit documents. In order to re- on it. ter working relationship with our ceive benefits under the bill, African I urge all of our colleagues to whole- friends in Africa, but just as impor- countries are required to cooperate heartedly support this legislation. tant, to develop markets in Africa. fully with customs in combating trans- Mr. Chairman, I reserve the balance So it is hoped, as when we went and shipments. This means enforcement of of my time. traveled throughout the Sub-Sahara, domestic laws and procedures, and as- Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Chairman, I yield that African Americans with talent, sisting customs in efforts to verify such time as she may consume to the many of whom were on the trip with manufacturing operations through vis- gentlewoman from Florida (Mrs. us, would get the opportunity to show its of so-called jump teams and other MEEK), who recently returned from Af- to our African brothers and sisters measures. rica to Florida. what we will be able to contribute, not Finally, H.R. 1432 provides that ex- Mrs. MEEK of Florida. Mr. Chair- mandate relationships but to contrib- porters who engage in illegal trans- man, I am pleased and privileged to ute through joint ventures in working shipments and their successors would stand on the floor and support H.R. with them. Indeed, on the trip some of lose trade benefits under the bill for 1432, the African Growth and Oppor- these concepts became deals, and we two years. With no market for their tunity Act. If we all understand what were able to work out arrangements, product, this sanction will have the ef- this act is supposed to do, it is sup- working with the Department of Com- fect of putting the bad actors out of posed to provide opportunity for trade merce, working with the Eximbank, business. with sub-Saharan Africa. It is supposed working with OPIC. We have in this bill, Mr. Chairman, to bring growth as to the African coun- All of this is a part of it, and of the strongest language dealing with tries. course this is not a substitute for as- transshipment that we have ever legis- Two things that are outstanding to sistance in terms of education and lated. me in this bill are political growth and health and economic development, but certainly economic growth. That is a b it is also an opportunity for us to con- 1415 two-way street. It is political growth tinue to give assistance and at the That is not to say that crime still for us in the United States, it is politi- same time be able to make certain that cannot exist, but what I am saying is cal growth for sub-Saharan Africa, and one day this type of assistance would that we have gone further than we have it is also economic growth for both of not be necessary. ever gone before. I think we have a us. So I think that all of us who would stronger position on this legislation I do not think that the Africans, as I want to be able to say that we played than anything heretofore, and I think talked to them, as we visited these Af- some very small part in bringing the it will address the problem more effec- rican countries, they are not looking countries of Africa into international tively than it has ever been addressed for a handout from the United States. trade will be proud of the opportunities before. They are very proud people. They have that have been given to us, and we look Let me make one other observation, a history that goes all the way back to forward to this bill not only becoming too. We have the understandable con- the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. They law, but when our President of the cern of our textile and apparel manu- understand what makes political and United States visits Africa, he will be facturers in this country, and one of educational and economic reform. armed with a document of friendship, a our colleagues today showed me an ar- They are very, very pleased with this document, a working document that ticle of a plant in his district that is bill. H1052 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 11, 1998 I traveled with the gentleman from to work on the question of human very crucial request of us. He said at New York (Mr. RANGEL) to Africa, and rights and the responsibility to all of the hearing, and I am quoting now, day-to-day and word-for-word, the Afri- their citizens. ‘‘Please, please give Africa a chance to can leaders want this bill. I do not Lastly, let me say, Mr. Chairman, prove that she can become a valuable think this bill is going to threaten in this is an ideal opportunity for a con- and viable trading partner with the any way what we are already doing tinent which saw so many of its own United States.’’ with Africa and with other countries. shipped as slaves to this continent, a Mr. Ambassador, we want to give you This is the beginning of a very, very devastating time in our history, a trag- that chance. We have the opportunity good start to develop trade with Africa, ic time. Here we now have an oppor- to give you that chance today by pass- and bring the respect and some of the tunity to change those chains of slav- ing this legislation, and I urge all economies of our economy to sub-Saha- ery into the uplifting of all of the boats Members to vote for H.R. 1432 and give ran Africa. of economic opportunity, providing 800 Africa this chance. I beg my colleagues to vote, yes, on million Africans, with African Ameri- Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Chairman, I yield the African Growth and Opportunity cans and others in this country, and myself such time as I may consume. Act, because it will help the world un- challenging our multinational compa- As we close this debate, Mr. Chair- derstand that we want to develop trade nies once and for all to open the doors man, I would like to submit for the with this country. They strongly de- of opportunity. RECORD letters that have been sent to serve the same opportunities that we I ask my colleagues to vote for the me by the President and the Secretary are giving other countries, and now it bill and lift all the boats at sea at this of State, and with the consent of this is our time to step up to the plate and time. body, just to read the last paragraph of say, yes. Let us vote yes on 1432, and Mr. CRANE. Mr. Chairman, I yield 3 each. give growth and give opportunity, both minutes to our distinguished colleague, From Madeleine Albright, our Sec- economic and political, to sub-Saharan the gentleman from Minnesota (Mr. retary of State, she says, ‘‘This critical African countries. RAMSTAD). legislation will advance one of our Mr. RAMSTAD. Mr. Chairman, I Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Chairman, I yield most important foreign policy goals in thank the distinguished gentleman for 2 minutes to the gentlewoman from Africa: Integration of African countries yielding time to me. Texas (Ms. JACKSON-LEE). Mr. Chairman, I rise today in support into the global economy. The approxi- (Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas asked of the African Growth and Opportunity mately 600 million consumers in Africa and was given permission to revise and Act, and in strong support of this legis- deserve a better future. The African extend her remarks.) lation. As I said during our Sub- Growth and Opportunity Act is an im- Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. Mr. committee on Trade hearing on this portant first step in that direction, and Chairman, I thank the gentleman for bill, Mr. Chairman, it sets up a win-win I strongly urge you to support it.’’ yielding time to me, and I thank he situation for both the United States Mr. Chairman, I include this letter and the gentleman from Illinois (Mr. and countries in sub-Saharan Africa. for the RECORD. CRANE) for the bill. This bill will mean a tax cut for con- The letter referred to is as follows: Mr. Chairman, I want to emphasize sumers here at home, who depend on THE SECRETARY OF STATE, the good news of this legislation, for as reasonably priced clothing, and it will Washington. the legislation was initially offered, Hon. CHARLES RANGEL, promote continued political and mar- there were op eds popping up around Committee on Ways and Means, House of Rep- ket liberalization in sub-Saharan Afri- resentatives, Washington, DC. the country saying, ‘‘Trade, Not Aid.’’ ca. For those of us who understand the DEAR MR. RANGEL: The African Growth and As a strong supporter generally of Opportunity Act, H.R. 1432, is scheduled for a vast needs of the continent, and par- free trade and liberalization, I know floor vote today. Passage of this landmark ticularly sub-Saharan Africa, our ears the trade elements of this bill are ex- legislation is one of our highest legislative perked and our hearts hurt, because we tremely important. Inexpensive im- priorities. As you know, President Clinton recognized that the two are not mutu- ports are good for consumers here in made a strong statement in support of the ally exclusive. America, and increased exports are bill during the State of the Union speech. We have now come full circle to have Passage of the African Growth and Oppor- good for U.S. workers and employers. tunity Act will send an important signal to a bill that really confronts the hard I want to focus on the significant core issues of the continent, particu- Africa that we will help those countries goals of this legislation, because this which help themselves by pursuing sound larly the fact of giving them dignity legislation before us today, Mr. Chair- economic and political reform policies. The and respect on the equal playing field man, sends a strong signal of encour- Act will provide substantial trade and debt of trade throughout the world, but as agement to the peoples of the sub-Sa- relief benefits to those African countries well, emphasizing that there is a value haran nations. which are undertaking significant economic to the humanitarian aid that this Just since 1990, more than 25 African reforms. The African Growth and Oppor- country provides. And in fact, it is not nations have held democratic elec- tunity Act will help African countries im- enough. So this bill is not trade and tions. Over 30, 30 of these nations have prove their own business climates so that not aid, it is trade and aid. instituted programs to replace their U.S. companies can better compete in the Specifically, in the bill we have $150 important emerging markets of Africa. centralized economies with free mar- We believe the legislation contains ade- million for joint venturing and $500 kets, a very, very significant fact. We quate provisions to prevent injury to U.S. in- million for infrastructure. I agree with all know stronger economies contrib- dustries and jobs. The impact on U.S. con- my colleague, the gentlewoman from ute to social and political stability, sumers, workers and industries must be as- Florida (Mrs. MEEK), that two for one, and we must, we must, Mr. Chairman, sessed by the International Trade Commis- the Heads of State said, we are ready, take steps to help secure that stability. sion (ITC) before the President is authorized and we will not engage in abuse, and Increased investment and trade ac- to grant the additional duty-free preferential we are likewise sensitive to the issue of tivity with the United States will help market access provided by the Bill. A recent human rights. ITC study of the textile provisions in the Act improve the economic conditions of all concluded that duty-free, quota-free entry of I hope nothing we do today dimin- the sub-Saharan nations, and as our textile and apparel products from Africa ishes section 4(a), that has to do with Committee on Ways and Means has would have a negligible impact on U.S. in- the responsibility of our African coun- heard from many African officials, dustries and workers. tries to maintain the human rights of they want the opportunity to industri- This critical legislation will advance one its citizens. I cannot talk about the alize their economies and to facilitate of our most important foreign policy goals in Most Favored Nation status. I do not technology transfers. They support the Africa—integration of African countries into like it continuously going back and bill’s efforts to encourage foreign in- the global economy. The approximately 600 forth again, with China’s human rights million consumers in Africa deserve a better vestment and direct private sector in- future. The African Growth and Opportunity abuses growing and growing and grow- volvement in further economic devel- Act is an important first step in that direc- ing. We should contend with that. But opment in the region. tion, and I strongly urge you to support it. I do think the Heads of State in Africa The Ambassador of Tanzania, Mr. Sincerely, are concerned enough that they want Chairman, has made one simple yet a MADELEINE K. ALBRIGHT. March 11, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H1053 Mr. Chairman, I also would like to yet they aren’t for the most part asking for by the Overseas Private Investment Corpora- read from a letter from the President, more development assistance. They would tion (OPIC). OPIC would establish a $150 mil- who says, ‘‘We face a historic oppor- like expanded trade, not aid. They would like lion equity fund and a $500 million infrastruc- tunity to assist the renaissance in Afri- an opportunity for their people to become self-reliant. ture fund to support African entrepreneurs in ca. Congress has the chance to help To that end, the African Growth and Op- developing private sector enterprises. This will this transformation by enacting the portunity Act would create a trade compo- create new jobs for Africans and new export African Growth and Opportunity Act. nent of U.S. policy towards sub-Saharan Af- opportunities for U.S. companies and Amer- When it comes time to cast your vote, rica. In particular, it would establish a goal ican workers. I urge you to support this legislation.’’ of achieving a free trade area with countries Finally, Mr. Speaker, this bill enables the Mr. Chairman, I include for the that meet the economic criteria of the bill. U.S. to play a positive role in Africa's future. In addition, H.R. 1432 calls for a trade and RECORD the entire letter from the We have now entered into a ``new and promis- President. economic cooperation forum between the United States and economic reformers in ing phase'' in Africa, and while I applaud the The letter referred to is as follows: sub-Saharan Africa to facilitate discussion previous efforts of the administration and the THE WHITE HOUSE, on the elimination of trade and investment United Nations, as well as other organizations, Washington, DC, March 11, 1998. barriers. I believe that we must now step up our efforts Hon. CHARLES B. RANGEL, In the near term, the bill offers countries and rise to this occasion. House of Representatives, in the region enhanced opportunities for Mr. FAZIO of California. Mr. Chairman, I rise Washington, DC. duty-free trade with the U.S. under the Gen- DEAR CHARLIE: I strongly support passage in support of the African Growth and Oppor- eralized System of Preferences program. I of H.R. 1432, the African Growth and Oppor- tunity Act. This legislation promises to diverge firmly believe that we have an historic op- tunity Act, which would provide enhanced from the United States historical role of pro- portunity to open a new era in our relations trade benefits for sub-Saharan countries en- with this region. This bill will foster a vider to Africa and establish instead a bilateral gaged in meaningful reform efforts. brighter future for sub-Saharan Africa based agreement for trade. Trade promises growth in The United States strongly supports a sta- on free market reforms, expanded economic our country's economy and in the nations of ble, prosperous Africa. Africa is a continent activity, and enhanced self-reliance. I urge on the doorstep of a new era of democracy Sub-Sahara Africa. However, I would also like you to vote yes on H.R. 1432. and prosperity, and many countries have to take opportunity to raise concerns that in- Sincerely, adopted market-oriented economic and polit- dustries in my district have voiced. The African JACK KEMP. ical reforms in the past seven years. A Growth and Opportunity Act provides oppor- stronger, stable, prosperous Africa will be a Mr. HASTINGS of Florida. Mr. Chairman, I tunity for free trade but doesn't protect some better economic partner, a better partner for would like to express my strong support for of our product-sensitive industries quite security and peace, and a better partner in H.R. 1432, ``the African Growth and Oppor- enough. the fight against drug trafficking, inter- tunity Act,'' a primary tool for expanding trade The Generalized System of Preferences national crime, terrorism, and the spread of and investment with Africa. (GSP) and free trade area preference provi- disease and environmental degradation. Afri- Mr. Speaker, I believe that this bill is a ca is already an important trading partner sions of the Sub-Sahara African trade bill pose for the United States. Our exports to Africa major milestone in U.S.-Africa relations as it special concerns for the California cling peach are over $6 billion annually. brings focus on Africa in a positive manner. industry because of the possibility that under In addition, America has its own special This bipartisan legislation will not only provide those provisions, duty-free access might be reasons to contribute to Africa’s economic new jobs for African workers, and greater op- extended to South Africa and other competi- development. Over thirty million Americans portunities for the American business commu- tive African producers of cling peach products. have ancestral origins in Africa. We should nity to invest in Africa, it will contribute to Even with existing U.S. tariff rates, South work to help African nations achieve greater peace, stability and democracy throughout that Africa is already a low-cost, choice quality prosperity and stronger democracies, which continent. will improve the lives of the African people. supplier of canned peaches, fruit mixtures and The bill helps us do that. For the past several years the United States other cling peach products to U.S. markets. This bill is supported by a bipartisan and has always traded with Asia and Europe. We must ensure that South Africa will not sell diverse cross-section of Americans and con- Today, the wind of change is finally blowing in their products at a significantly lower price cerned groups—including Jack Kemp, David Africa which will create U.S. investment and than U.S. products at the expense of our farm- Dinkins, Andrew Young, the United States forums for African and American businessmen ers and processors. Conference of Mayors and the National to cooperate. The California cling peach industry's product Urban League. They know this bill is good Africa remains a vital place with abundant sensitivity is undisputed. The industry has long for both Africa and America. We face a historic opportunity to assist the natural resources. As the world's largest and suffered the adverse effects of canned fruit renaissance in Africa. Congress has the most technologically advanced economy, the subsidies provided by the European Union. chance to help this transformation by enact- U.S. can and must continue to do more to Our government has recognized the unfair- ing the African Growth and Opportunity Act. contribute to Africa's economic development, if ness of these EU practices and has sought to When it comes time to cast your vote, I urge not for any other reason than the mere fact correct that unfairness through GATT dispute you to support this legislation. that if we don't help them someone else will. settlement, a bilateral agreement, numerous Sincerely, I am excited about the prospect for this leg- consultations, and most recently multilateral BILL. islation and the enormous benefits it will bring pressure through the WTO Committee on Ag- Mr. CRANE. Mr. Chairman, I yield to both the United States and the countries of riculture. myself such time as I may consume. sub-Saharan Africa. I urge our government to take all necessary Mr. Chairman, I thank the gentleman However, there are some legislators who steps to preserve the current U.S. tariffs on from New York for his remarks. oppose the bill. Some would have us believe canned peaches, canned fruit mixtures, and Mr. Chairman, I would like to con- that the bill would lead to a surge of apparel other cling peach products. This valuable sec- clude with a letter that was sent to all and textile imports into the U.S. and damage tor of U.S. agriculture, which for too long has of our colleagues by a former col- U.S. workers. This is a myth! U.S. imports of been denied relief from EU subsidies, de- league, Jack Kemp. textiles and apparel from sub-Saharan Africa serves no less than this from the U.S. govern- He wrote, account for less than 1 percent of total U.S. ment. I am writing to ask you to support impor- imports of such goods. Others will have us fur- tant legislation that is expected to come to Ms. KILPATRICK. Mr. Chairman, if you sup- the House floor for a vote on the African ther believe that the bill will encourage illegal port self sufficiency for Africa, you must sup- Growth and Opportunity Act. Much of Africa transshipments from other countries under port the African Growth and Opportunity Act. is growing dynamically. Political and mar- quota. That, too, is a myth. There are current Once you separate fact from fiction, the Afri- ket liberalization are revitalizing and ener- U.S. customs laws to prevent transshipments can Growth and Opportunity Act deserves gizing the continent. and would apply. Moreover, the bill requires your support by removing many of the hurdles There is a new generation of leaders imple- exporting countries in sub-Saharan Africa to impeding free-market reform. menting democratic reforms, expanding eco- adopt a visa system to guard against trans- Myth: The African Growth and Opportunity nomic growth, and unleashing the human spirit that will help bring greater stability, shipments, and to cooperate fully with the Act Does Not Have Labor Protections prosperity and democracy to African na- United States in preventing transshipments as Fact: The bill requires the President, as a tions. required by the WTO. condition for eligibility for benefits, to deter- African leaders would like some help build- Among other provisions in the bill are the mine that African countries do not engage in ing this hopeful start on a full-scale boom, equity and infrastructure funds to be supported gross violations of internationally-recognized H1054 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 11, 1998 human right, including core labor standards. would seek to encourage trade between Afri- U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Also, African nations must observe existing ca and the United States by removing quotas Washington, DC. statutory criteria on internationally-recognized and many tariffs from the kinds of products Hon. FRANK R. WOLF, these poor nations could most plausibly ex- House of Representatives. worker rights as a condition for duty-free ben- port: textiles, clothing, footwear. It would DEAR MR. WOLF: Thank you for your letter efits under the Generalized System of Pref- stimulate and insure private U.S. investment of May 5, regarding human rights abuses in erences (GSP). in Africa, and create forums for African and Sudan. The Embassy in Khartoum provided Myth: The African Growth and Opportunity American businessmen to cooperate. the information you requested, which is en- Act Does Not Help African Self-Sufficiency The legislation carries a tiny price tag, but closed. Assistant Secretary Moose provided Fact: The bill was developed with the full some in the House and Senate oppose it for much of this information in his testimony on input of African governments and represents a protectionist reasons. Yet African textiles May 4 to the Senate Foreign Relations Sub- shift from dependence on foreign assistance now account for only two-thirds of one per- committee on Africa. to a private sector, market oriented incentive cent of total U.S. textile imports and are un- Sincerely, ROBERT A. BRADTKE, approach. likely to rise above 2 percent even in the most optimistic (by African lights) sce- Acting Assistant Secretary Myth: The African Growth and Opportunity for Legislative Affairs. Act Hurts U.S. Textile Imports narios. Africa’s industry is not a threat to the U.S. economy. Sudanese Government personnel appear to Fact: U.S. imports of textiles and apparel be perpetrating widespread human rights from Africa accounts for less than one percent A more serious objection—though not a abuses in parts of the Bahr El Ghazal and the of total U.S. imports of textiles and apparel. disqualifying one—is that this bill will ac- . There are recent, credible complish less than some rhetoric suggests. The impact on the U.S. textile industry would reports of massacres, kidnapping and forced For countries as poor as those in sub-Saha- labor, conscription of children, forced dis- be negligible. ran Africa, where average annual per capita We have a unique opportunity, and a win- placement and Arabization, and other abuses income hovers below $500, trade and invest- in these regions. There is evidence that some dow of opportunity, for self-determinationÐ ment alone can’t do the job. Aid remains es- abuses, notably kidnapping, may be carried kujichaguliaÐfor the countries of sub-saharan sential, as the bill’s authors acknowledge, out by poorly-controlled militias without Africa. According to the Congressional Re- and yet U.S. assistance to Africa declined by the approval and perhaps against the wishes search Service: 25 percent during the past two years. This of the authorities. Other abuses, however, Most of U.S. trade with sub-Saharan Africa trade bill can help, but only in combination are occurring with a frequency and on a is with only a few countries. In 1997, three- with effective aid and substantial debt relief. scale that make it difficult to think that quarters of U.S. exports to the region went Mr. WOLF. Mr. Chairman, I rise in strong they are happening without the knowledge of to five countries: South Africa (49% of U.S. support of the amendment offered by Rep- the authorities. Reliable information on the western ‘‘tran- exports to the region), Nigeria (13%), Ghana resentative LINDA SMITH to the Africa Growth (5%), Angola (5%), and Kenya (4%). The other and Opportunity Act (H.R. 1432). The amend- sition zone’’—south Kordofan, including the Nuba Mountains, and Bahr El Ghazal—is 43 countries accounted for the remaining ment would require the President to consider, one-quarter of U.S. exports to the region. In hard to obtain. Access to the area is re- 1997, 84% of U.S. imports from the region when deciding whether a country is eligible to stricted. Recently, however, there has been came from four countries: Nigeria (37% of participate in the trade benefits provided in the evidence from credible, well-informed U.S. imports from the region), Angola (17%), bill, whether that country is cooperating with sources of widespread GOS abuses in this South Africa( 15%) and Gabon (13%). The the United States to eliminate slavery in Afri- zone. other 44 countries accounted for only 16% of ca. According to several sources, forces of the Government of Sudan regard the entire Bahr U.S. imports from the region. (CRS Issue Real life chattel slavery is not a thing of the Brief for Congress, Number 98015, March 5, El Ghazal south of Babanusa, outside of gov- 1998, page 3.) past, Mr. Chairman. It exists today in the ernment-held towns, as an ‘‘operational SudanÐa country I have visited three times. area.’’ Anyone found there is considered a We need to expand trade and development Today, any member here could board a plane, SPLA member or supporter and killed or with the continent that is the cradle of civiliza- fly to Kenya and get on a transport plane in captured. For example: tionÐAfrica. In combination with continued ef- Lokichokio air base in Northern Kenya. Sev- In late 1992 and in February–March 1993 fective aid, this bill will expand trade beyond two military trains, each with about 3,000 eral hours later, you would land at a remote these four nations. This legislation is but a troops aboard, proceeded from Babanusa to air strip in Southern Sudan. You would walk start in the right direction toward encouraging Wau. Some of the troops were from the several hours through tough, dry and desolate private investment and development in sub-sa- army, but most were members of former terrain, where you could then visit a slave haran Africa. I have attached an editorial arti- Arab tribal militias, which the Government market where women and children are sold for of Sudan/National Islamic Front (GOS/NIF) cle in the Washington Post in support of this money. Some for as little as $15 a piece. has incorporated into the Popular Defense bill on final passage, and encourage the sup- Forces (PDF). port of all of my colleagues on this great op- Slavery in Sudan has been well docu- The first train advanced preceded by foot portunity and fantastic initiative toward em- mented. The State Department has known soldiers who killed or captured the civilians powerment for Africa. I thank the Speaker and about it since 1993. I submit for the record a on their path. They burned houses, fields, my colleagues for this time. State Department cable which I had declas- and granaries, and stole thousands of cattle. Hundreds are estimated to have died. [From the Washington Post, Mar. 7, 1998] sified in 1993, which states ``credible sources say Government of Sudan forces, especially in The March 1993 train carried horses that HOW TO HELP AFRICA the PDF [People's Defense Forces], routinely extended the soldiers’ range. In five days, The House is scheduled to vote next week they reportedly killed almost a thousand on an African trade bill. In the past, that steal women and children in the Bahr El Gha- persons between Manwal Station and Aweil would have been an oxymoron. The United zal. Some women and girls are kept as wives; and captured 300 women and children. The States traded with Asia and Europe but sent the others are shipped north where they per- burning of granaries and fields and theft of aid to sub-Saharan Africa. This new ap- form labor on Kordofan farms or are exported, cattle caused many who escaped the troops proach, which treats African nations more as notably to . Many Dinka are reported to to die later of starvation. partners than as charities, is welcome— be performing forced labor in the areas of The sources state that when military con- though not sufficient. Meiram and Abyei.'' voys moving in the Bahr El Ghazal lose vehi- Many of the world’s poorest people inhabit cles to SPLA mines, the troops typically Africa, their economies in danger of being In 1996, two Baltimore Sun reporters visited burn the first village they find and kill its left behind altogether as trade and invest- Sudan, bought back children who had been inhabitants. ment unite the rest of the world. But in re- enslaved and returned them to their families. Credible sources report heavy fighting cent years, the true picture has not been They interviewed former slaves and published from December 1992 to March 1993 in the quite as gloomy as news reports on civil wars a provocative series of articles about their ex- Nuba Mountains, particularly in the Tulisci and coups d’etat might suggest. Many Afri- perience. Range. Fleeing Nubans speak of widespread can countries have moved toward democracy destruction of villages and killings near and free-market reforms. Many are trying to There is no doubt. Slavery is taking place in Dilling and Kadugli—including a massacre at spend more on basic health and primary edu- the Sudan. We must encourage governments Belenya, which reportedly was razed. cation. Many want to help themselves and to end it. Credible sources say GOS forces, especially not depend forever on foreign aid. the PDF, routinely steal women and children This bill is aimed at those nations. It was The amendment offered by Representative in the Bahr El Ghazal. Some women and put together by Republican Rep. Philip SMITH sends an important message. No trade girls are kept as wives; the others are Crane and Democrats Charles Rangel, Jim benefits with the United States until you elimi- shipped north where they perform forced McDermott and William Jefferson, and em- nate this brutal human rights abuse. I urge my labor on Kordofan farms or are exported, no- braced by the Clinton administration. It colleagues to support it. tably to Libya. Many Dinka are reported to March 11, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H1055 be performing forced labor in the areas of have become available from other sources Several of our colleagues deserve credit for Meiram and Abyei. Others are said to be on over a period of months. bringing this important measure before us farms throughout Kordofan. To be fair, it must be said that many of today. I would like to commend the principal There are also credible reports of these abuses, including the massacres, kid- kidnappings in Kordofan. In March 1993 hun- napping and forced Arabization, have oc- authors of this billÐCongressmen CRANE, dreds of Nuer displaced reached northern curred time and again in these areas for MCDERMOTT, and RANGEL. Other members of Kordofan, saying that Arab militias between years. Moreover, the reaction of the authori- the African Trade and Investment Caucus and Abyei and Muglad had taken children by ties in specific cases of kidnapping and en- of the Ways and Means Committee also made force, killing the adults who resisted. The slavement suggest that the latter may be the important contributions to this bill. I would also town of Hamarat el Sheikh, northwest of fact of poorly-controlled militias acting like to commend several members of the Inter- Sodiri in north Kordofan, is reported to be a without official approval—although, if this is national Relations CommitteeÐCongressmen transit point for Dinka and Nuba children the case, the authorities are derelict for not ROYCE and MENENDEZ, and our Chairman, Mr. who are then trucked to Libya. energetically curbing PDF excess. Other While PDF kidnapping of women and chil- abuses, however, are occurring with a fre- GILMANÐfor starting this bill on its way last dren seems recurrent, it is not, however, con- quency, and, in the case of the massacres in June. doned by all GOS authorities. When the particular, on a scale that make it difficult WHAT THE BILL DOES March train from Babanusa arrived in Wau, to think that they are happening without H.R. 1432 will alter the U.S. economic rela- authorities forced the PDF to release the 300 the knowledge of the Government of Sudan. tionship with Africa. women and children they had captured. Mr. KLINK. Mr. Chairman, I am opposed to To African countries that are prepared for it, Later that month, army forces at Aweil this legislation for both process and policy rea- searched a train of PDF returning from Wau. the bill offers a new economic compact: In ex- They found and freed women and children sons. change for economic reforms necessary to who were being held in boxcars. In early 1993 On process, the rule for this bill has shut out benefit from expanded commercial ties, H.R. the PDF captured near Meiram five children those who will be most affected by the bill: 1432 would offer increased U.S. trade and in- between 7 and 12. When a relative learned of those Members who represent American tex- vestment. their whereabouts and contacted the police, tile workers. This compact will not only reward reforms the children were released. We have denied the textile caucus the abil- that have already been implemented: It will Credible sources say that when the March ity and the opportunity to fix this bill and pro- serve as an incentive for reforms elsewhere. military train to Wau reached Meiram, sol- tect those jobs, and for that reason alone, we diers raped scores of displaced women. Thou- And by strengthening commercial ties between sands of displaced are currently reaching should oppose this bill. the United States and Africa, this bill will not northern Kordofan from Bentiu and the Nuba However, my opposition to this legislation only benefit Africans: It will also help build new Mountains. Medical workers note an unusu- goes beyond process. This bill will create a U.S. export markets, boosting our own econ- ally high rate of pregnancies among the ``free trade'' area in Africa. omy. women, who say the PDF raped them. Mr. Speaker, I don't care if it is Africa or The bill has several key components: There are credible reports of widespread Pluto, we don't need any more ``free trade'' First, the bill restricts eligibility to African conscription into government militias of areas like those created by NAFTA because countries that are not committing human rights children 10 or 11 and above from ‘‘peace NAFTA is a job losing failure. camps’’ (resettlement camps) in the Nuba abuses and are progressing toward market- Mountains. In late January, 1993, soldiers in In 1993, before NAFTA, the U.S. ran a trade based economies. El Obeid impressed into the PDF scores of surplus with Mexico of $1.7 billion. In 1996, Second, eligible countries would be invited boys 13 and above. (The families, however, the U.S. trade deficit with Mexico was more to participate in a U.S.-sponsored annual later secured the release of the children who than $16 billion. meeting aimed at promoting trade and invest- could prove they were enrolled in school.) By my calculations, we are already running ment. The United States would be represented Credible sources state that since November a trade deficit of $9 billion with sub-Saharan at these meetings by the Secretaries of Com- 1992, thousands of displaced Nubans, particu- Africa. This legislation will only make that merce and Treasury and by the U.S. Trade larly from the Tulisci, Habila, Koalib, worse. Mendi, Tima, Lagawa, Sellara, Dilling, Representative. The President would also be Kadugli, and Miri areas have been passing Officially, Pennsylvania has lost more than required to convene a summit meeting of Afri- through El Obeid. Some are fleeing on their 13,000 jobs because of NAFTA, and those are can heads of state every two years. own, but others are being moved by the au- Labor Department NAFTA-TAA numbers. Ac- Third, the bill would require the President to thorities. The governor of Kordofan has pub- tual losses are probably higher, and the eco- develop a strategy for negotiating free trade licly said that the Government has moved nomic policy institute estimates that Pennsyl- agreements between the United States and many civilians from ‘‘unsafe to secure vania has lost almost 20,000 jobs due to in- African countries. areas.’’ Some 2000 Nubans from En Nahud creased trade deficits with NAFTA countries. Fourth, the bill will eliminate U.S. quotas on were left in rags last November outside El Nationwide, the official NAFTA-TAA job imports of textilesÐan important industry in Obeid, without money, food, or shelter. Credible sources describe different forms of losses are almost 141,000. Other estimates the developing worldÐfrom each African forced Arabization. Under a policy some- are much higher than that: some say 625,000. country that the President determines has in times known as ‘‘the marriage of fifty,’’ Another ``free trade'' area, in Africa or any- place an effective system for preventing the Arab soldiers are encouraged to wed south- where else, will only mean most lost jobs, and violation of U.S. import laws. ern women they capture. Soldiers who have this particular ``free trade'' bill will mean lost Fifth, the bill gives the President authority to children from these marriages get special jobs for textile workers. extend tariff-free treatment under the General- premiums. In displaced camps in Meiram and Another ``free trade'' area will only give big ized System of Preferences program to addi- Abyei, some Islamic charities reportedly multinational corporations another platform offer to feed, clothe, and educate destitute tional imports from Africa, as long as those im- Dinka children—but in return, parents may from which to use lower cost labor, weaker ports pose no threat to domestic industries. not have contact with their offspring. Some environmental regulations and minimal protec- Sixth, the bill directs the U.S. Oversees Pri- areas are closed to Christian charities, even tions for worker or human rights, to ship vate Investment Corporation to establish two indigenous ones, while Muslim charities op- cheaper goods to the United States, just like new investment-promotion funds for Africa, erate freely. they are using Mexico as a platform. That will and to expand its regular programs in Africa. There are reports that thousands died of only mean more jobs lost. The bill also directs the Export-Import Bank to starvation in Meiram displaced camp last Mr. Speaker, we have tried the ``free trade'' expand its export-promotion programs in Afri- year, while local authorities would not re- model and it has failed. We need to look for lease donated relief food stored in Babanusa. ca, and it requires both OPIC and the There are consistent, credible reports that a new trade model that recognizes human Eximbank to establish new advisory commit- the PDF routinely steals large amounts of rights, democracy, worker safety and health. tees on Africa. relief food donated for the displaced. Credi- That trade model would benefit all the people Finally, the bill creates a new Assistant U.S. ble sources state that if the populations in of the world, Americans, Mexicans, and Afri- Trade Representative for Africa, and it urges the displaced camps at Meiram, Abyei, and cans, not just big corporations. an increase in the number of U.S. Commercial Daeim do not receive food urgently, thou- I urge my colleagues to oppose this job loss officers stationed there. sands more will die this year. legislation. Taken together, these measures will create Some casualty figures and other details may have been exaggerated by frightened Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Chairman, I rise in sup- a more intensive and mutually beneficial eco- and shocked witnesses, but the general tenor port of H.R. 1432. nomic relationship between the United States of the above reports appears credible. It This bill is an innovative measure that holds and Africa. tracks with fragmentary reports of abuses in considerable promise for Africa and for U.S. A stronger economic relationship will serve the Nuba Mountains and Bahr El Ghazal that relations with African nations. other U.S. interests in Africa. H1056 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 11, 1998 By helping move African nations and the portant to the successful integration of African In particular, the United States seeks to assist United States away from donor-recipient rela- countries into the global economy, and this bill sub-Saharan African countries, and the private tionships, and toward economic partnership, takes us in the right direction in that regard. If sector in those countries, to achieve economic self-reliance by— the bill will strengthen bilateral political ties. carefully implemented, it may help reduce pov- (1) strengthening and expanding the private By promoting growth, the bill will bolster po- erty in Africa in the long run. But it is not an sector in sub-Saharan Africa, especially women- litical stability and give African nations the overnight fix for Africa's formidable human de- owned businesses; wherewithal to address environmental crime, velopment challenges and pressing humani- (2) encouraging increased trade and invest- health, and other problems of mutual concern. tarian needs. ment between the United States and sub-Saha- AID VS. TRADE That reality is recognized in the bill's policy ran Africa; Mr. Chairman, the premise of this billÐ language recognizing the vital supporting role (3) reducing tariff and nontariff barriers and which I supportÐis that increased trade and of sustainable development, grassroots initia- other trade obstacles; (4) expanding United States assistance to sub- investment can promote economic growth in tives, conflict resolution, and debt relief in Saharan Africa’s regional integration efforts; Africa in ways that aid alone cannot. helping trade an investment initiatives to suc- (5) negotiating free trade areas; We need to do more to promote trade and ceed. We ignore Africa's massive food secu- (6) establishing a United States-Sub-Saharan investment in Africa because foreign assist- rity concerns, in particular, at our own peril; Africa Trade and Investment Partnership; ance budgets are declining worldwide, and be- trade and investment cannot thrive in a region (7) focusing on countries committed to ac- cause a number of African countries have where USDA predicts that left unaddressed, countable government, economic reform, and the taken the tough steps necessary to benefit two-thirds of Africa's people will be malnour- eradication of poverty; from expanding commercial ties. ished by the year 2010. In that light, I would (8) establishing a United States-Sub-Saharan Africa Economic Cooperation Forum; and But many other African countries are not yet have liked to see the bill call for an increased (9) continuing to support development assist- ready to graduate from aid recipient to trading investment of foreign assistance funds in such ance for those countries in sub-Saharan Africa partner. The poorest countries in Africa still programs, to reverse steep cuts of recent attempting to build civil societies. need substantial foreign assistance and debt years. SEC. 3. STATEMENT OF POLICY. relief to accomplish things that increased trade As it is, I am pleased that my proposed lan- The Congress supports economic self-reliance and investment will not address: Relieving guage is retained in the bill, which protects for sub-Saharan African countries, particularly hunger and satisfying other basic needs; de- and exempts essential humanitarian and de- those committed to— veloping the human and physical capital nec- velopment programs from being shifted to (1) economic and political reform; essary for an industrial economy; building other purposes. I supported the bill on the (2) market incentives and private sector democratic political institutions; and strength- growth; condition that child survival activities, immuni- (3) the eradication of poverty; and ening indigenous conflict-resolution capabili- zation programs, health and nutrition pro- (4) the importance of women to economic ties. grams, HIV/AIDS funding, basic education, growth and development. H.R. 1432 does not diminish U.S. foreign and support for UNICEF would be expressly SEC. 4. ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS. assistance programs. In fact, two of the bill's protected from the bill's waiver authority. (a) IN GENERAL.—A sub-Saharan African provisions strengthen our programs: Those programs that are directly saving and country shall be eligible to participate in pro- Our provision gives the President additional improving lives every day should not be sac- grams, projects, or activities, or receive assist- flexibility to shift funds among different African rificed to other goals, however important, in ance or other benefits under this Act if the aid priorities. fact such funding should be increased. President determines that the country does not Another provision urges the President to This bill, and the policy direction it sets, engage in gross violations of internationally rec- ognized human rights and has established, or is push for ``deep debt reduction'' for the poorest would be strongly enhanced and com- countries. making continual progress toward establishing, plemented by a future Africa assistance pack- a market-based economy, such as the establish- But, regrettably, Congress has already di- age that more directly targets African farmers ment and enforcement of appropriate policies re- minished the effectiveness of our foreign as- and struggling rural communities, and provides lating to— sistance program in Africa by cutting spending more adequate levels of support for invest- (1) promoting free movement of goods and too far. Appropriations for the Development ments in basic health, nutrition, and education services between the United States and sub-Sa- Fund for Africa were cut from $802 million in programs. Those investments will vastly in- haran Africa and among countries in sub-Saha- fiscal year 1995 to roughly $665 million in fis- crease this bill's prospects for making a real ran Africa; (2) promoting the expansion of the production cal year 1996. The 1998 figure is $700 million, dent in poverty and hunger in Africa. I urge my still $100 million below where we were in base and the transformation of commodities and colleagues to support the bill, and to lend simi- nontraditional products for exports through 1995. lar support in the future to enhanced develop- joint venture projects between African and for- As we begin with H.R. 1432 to build new ment and humanitarian assistance funding for eign investors; commercial relationships with African coun- Africa when this year's foreign aid bill is for- (3) trade issues, such as protection of intellec- tries, I hope we will not lose sight of the con- mulated. tual property rights, improvements in standards, tinuing, critical importance of aid in Africa. As The CHAIRMAN. All time for general testing, labeling and certification, and govern- we seek to expand trade and investment with debate has expired. ment procurement; some African nations, we should rededicate Pursuant to the rule, the committee (4) the protection of property rights, such as ourselves to strengthening aid programs that protection against expropriation and a func- amendment in the nature of a sub- tioning and fair judicial system; can help all Africans participate more fully in stitute printed in the bill, modified by (5) appropriate fiscal systems, such as reduc- the world economy. the amendments printed in Part I of ing high import and corporate taxes, controlling Mr. HALL of Ohio. Mr. Chairman, I am House Report 105–431, is considered as government consumption, participation in bilat- proud to be an original co-sponsor of this bill, an original bill for the purpose of eral investment treaties, and the harmonization and I want to extend a hearty congratulations amendment and is considered as read. of such treaties to avoid double taxation; to my colleagues Mr. CRANE, Mr. RANGEL, and The text of the committee amend- (6) foreign investment issues, such as the pro- Mr. MCDERMOTT in particular for their tremen- ment in the nature of a substitute, as vision of national treatment for foreign inves- tors and other measures to create an environ- dous achievement in bringing this landmark modified, is as follows: piece of legislation to fruition. It could not have ment conducive to domestic and foreign invest- Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep- ment; happened without their vision and tireless resentatives of the United States of America in (7) supporting the growth of regional markets leadership in championing a new era in U.S.- Congress assembled, within a free trade area framework; Africa relations. SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. (8) governance issues, such as eliminating The bill establishes a new U.S. trade and in- This Act may be cited as the ‘‘African Growth government corruption, minimizing government vestment policy toward Africa. While I am a and Opportunity Act’’. intervention in the market such as price controls strong believer in the potential benefits of free SEC. 2. FINDINGS. and subsidies, and streamlining the business li- trade and open markets, I was initially skep- The Congress finds that it is in the mutual cense process; tical that this bill sought to prematurely sub- economic interest of the United States and sub- (9) supporting the growth of the private sec- Saharan Africa to promote stable and sustain- tor, in particular by promoting the emergence of stitute such reforms for direct human and so- able economic growth and development in sub- a new generation of African entrepreneurs; cial development and poverty alleviation goals Saharan Africa. To that end, the United States (10) encouraging the private ownership of gov- on the continent. seeks to facilitate market-led economic growth ernment-controlled economic enterprises The fact is, Africa sorely needs both. In- in, and thereby the social and economic devel- through divestiture programs; creased trade and investment are critically im- opment of, the countries of sub-Saharan Africa. (11) removing restrictions on investment; and March 11, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H1057

(12) observing the rule of law, including equal Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2293 et seq.) ‘‘(p) WAIVER AUTHORITY.— protection under the law and the right to due has been an effective tool in providing develop- ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in para- process and a fair trial. ment assistance to sub-Saharan Africa since graph (2), the President may waive any provi- (b) ADDITIONAL FACTORS.—In determining 1988. sion of law that earmarks, for a specified coun- whether a sub-Saharan African country is eligi- (2) The Development Fund for Africa will try, organization, or purpose, funds made avail- ble under subsection (a), the President shall complement the other provisions of this Act and able to carry out this chapter if the President take into account the following factors: lay a foundation for increased trade and invest- determines, subject to the notification proce- (1) An expression by such country of its desire ment opportunities between the United States dures under section 634A, that the waiver of to be an eligible country under subsection (a). and sub-Saharan Africa. such provision of law would provide improved (2) The extent to which such country has (3) Assistance provided through the Develop- conditions for the people of Africa. The Presi- made substantial progress toward— ment Fund for Africa will continue to support dent shall notify the appropriate congressional (A) reducing tariff levels; programs and activities that promote the long committees, in accordance with the procedures (B) binding its tariffs in the World Trade Or- term economic development of sub-Saharan Afri- applicable to reprogramming notifications under ganization and assuming meaningful binding ca, such as programs and activities relating to section 634A of this Act, at least 15 days before obligations in other sectors of trade; and the following: any determination under this paragraph takes (C) eliminating nontariff barriers to trade. (A) Strengthening primary and vocational effect. (3) Whether such country, if not already a education systems, especially the acquisition of ‘‘(2) EXCEPTIONS.— member of the World Trade Organization, is ac- middle-level technical skills for operating mod- ‘‘(A) CHILD SURVIVAL ACTIVITIES.—The au- tively pursuing membership in that Organiza- ern private businesses and the introduction of thority contained in paragraph (1) may not be tion. college level business education, including the used to waive a provision of law that earmarks (4) Where applicable, the extent to which such study of international business, finance, and funds made available to carry out this chapter country is in material compliance with its obli- stock exchanges. for the following purposes: gations to the International Monetary Fund (B) Strengthening health care systems. ‘‘(i) Immunization programs. (C) Strengthening family planning service de- and other international financial institutions. ‘‘(ii) Oral rehydration programs. (5) The extent to which such country has a livery systems. (D) Supporting democratization, good govern- ‘‘(iii) Health and nutrition programs, and re- recognizable commitment to reducing poverty, ance and civil society and conflict resolution ef- lated education programs, which address the providing basic health and education for poor forts. needs of mothers and children. citizens, the expansion of physical infrastruc- (E) Increasing food security by promoting the ‘‘(iv) Water and sanitation programs. ture in a manner designed to maximize acces- expansion of agricultural and agriculture-based ‘‘(v) Assistance for displaced and orphaned sibility, increased access to market and credit industrial production and productivity and in- children. facilities for small farmers and producers, and creasing real incomes for poor individuals. ‘‘(vi) Programs for the prevention, treatment, improved economic opportunities for women as (F) Promoting an enabling environment for and control of, and research on, tuberculosis, entrepreneurs and employees. private sector-led growth through sustained eco- HIV/AIDS, polio, malaria, and other diseases. (6) Whether or not such country engages in nomic reform, privatization programs, and mar- ‘‘(vii) Basic education programs for children. activities that undermine United States national ket-led economic activities. ‘‘(viii) Contribution on a grant basis to the security or foreign policy interests. (G) Promoting decentralization and local par- United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) pur- (c) CONTINUING COMPLIANCE.— ticipation in the development process, especially suant to section 301 of this Act. (1) MONITORING AND REVIEW OF CERTAIN linking the rural production sectors and the in- ‘‘(B) REQUIREMENT TO SUPERSEDE WAIVER AU- COUNTRIES.—The President shall monitor and dustrial and market centers throughout Africa. THORITY.—The provisions of this subsection review the progress of sub-Saharan African (H) Increasing the technical and managerial shall not be superseded except by a provision of countries in order to determine their current or capacity of sub-Saharan African individuals to law enacted after the date of the enactment of potential eligibility under subsection (a). Such manage the economy of sub-Saharan Africa. the African Growth and Opportunity Act which determinations shall be based on quantitative (I) Ensuring sustainable economic growth specifically repeals, modifies, or supersedes such factors to the fullest extent possible and shall be through environmental protection. provisions.’’. included in the annual report required by sec- (4) The African Development Foundation has SEC. 6. UNITED STATES–SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA tion 15. a unique congressional mandate to empower the TRADE AND ECONOMIC COOPERA- (2) INELIGIBILITY OF CERTAIN COUNTRIES.—A poor to participate fully in development and to TION FORUM. sub-Saharan African country described in para- increase opportunities for gainful employment, (a) DECLARATION OF POLICY.—The President graph (1) that has not made continual progress poverty alleviation, and more equitable income shall convene annual high-level meetings be- in meeting the requirements with which it is not distribution in sub-Saharan Africa. The African tween appropriate officials of the United States in compliance shall be ineligible to participate in Development Foundation has worked success- Government and officials of the governments of programs, projects, or activities, or receive as- fully to enhance the role of women as agents of sub-Saharan African countries in order to foster sistance or other benefits, under this Act. change, strengthen the informal sector with an close economic ties between the United States (d) VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND INELI- emphasis on supporting micro and small sized and sub-Saharan Africa. GIBLE COUNTRIES.—It is the sense of the Con- enterprises, indigenous technologies, and mobi- (b) ESTABLISHMENT.—Not later than 12 gress that a sub-Saharan African country lizing local financing. The African Development months after the date of the enactment of this should not be eligible to participate in programs, Foundation should develop and implement Act, the President, after consulting with the projects, or activities, or receive assistance or strategies for promoting participation in the so- governments concerned, shall establish a United other benefits under this Act if the government cioeconomic development process of grassroots States–Sub-Saharan Africa Trade and Economic of that country is determined by the President and informal sector groups such as nongovern- Cooperation Forum (hereafter in this section re- to engage in a consistent pattern of gross viola- mental organizations, cooperatives, artisans, ferred to as the ‘‘Forum’’). tions of internationally recognized human and traders into the programs and initiatives es- (c) REQUIREMENTS.—In creating the Forum, rights. tablished under this Act. the President shall meet the following require- (c) ADDITIONAL AUTHORITIES.— SEC. 5. ADDITIONAL AUTHORITIES AND IN- ments: (1) IN GENERAL.—Section 496(h) of the Foreign (1) The President shall direct the Secretary of CREASED FLEXIBILITY TO PROVIDE Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2293(h)) is ASSISTANCE UNDER THE DEVELOP- Commerce, the Secretary of the Treasury, the MENT FUND FOR AFRICA. amended— Secretary of State, and the United States Trade (A) by redesignating paragraph (3) as para- (a) USE OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AS- Representative to host the first annual meeting graph (4); and SISTANCE TO SUPPORT FURTHER ECONOMIC (B) by inserting after paragraph (2) the fol- with the counterparts of such Secretaries from GROWTH.—It is the sense of the Congress that lowing: the governments of sub-Saharan African coun- sustained economic growth in sub-Saharan Afri- ‘‘(3) DEMOCRATIZATION AND CONFLICT RESOLU- tries eligible under section 4, the Secretary Gen- ca depends in large measure upon the develop- TION CAPABILITIES.—Assistance under this sec- eral of the Organization of African Unity, and ment of a receptive environment for trade and tion may also include program assistance— government officials from other appropriate investment, and that to achieve this objective ‘‘(A) to promote democratization, good govern- countries in Africa, to discuss expanding trade the United States Agency for International De- ance, and strong civil societies in sub-Saharan and investment relations between the United velopment should continue to support programs Africa; and States and sub-Saharan Africa and the imple- which help to create this environment. Invest- ‘‘(B) to strengthen conflict resolution capabili- mentation of this Act. ments in human resources, development, and im- ties of governmental, intergovernmental, and (2)(A) The President, in consultation with the plementation of free market policies, including nongovernmental entities in sub-Saharan Congress, shall encourage United States non- policies to liberalize agricultural markets and Africa.’’. governmental organizations to host annual improve food security, and the support for the (2) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Section meetings with nongovernmental organizations rule of law and democratic governance should 496(h)(4) of such Act, as amended by paragraph from sub-Saharan Africa in conjunction with continue to be encouraged and enhanced on a (1), is further amended by striking ‘‘paragraphs the annual meetings of the Forum for the pur- bilateral and regional basis. (1) and (2)’’ in the first sentence and inserting pose of discussing the issues described in para- (b) DECLARATIONS OF POLICY.—The Congress ‘‘paragraphs (1), (2), and (3)’’. graph (1). makes the following declarations: (d) WAIVER AUTHORITY.—Section 496 of the (B) The President, in consultation with the (1) The Development Fund for Africa estab- Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2293) is Congress, shall encourage United States rep- lished under chapter 10 of part I of the Foreign amended by adding at the end the following: resentatives of the private sector to host annual H1058 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 11, 1998 meetings with representatives of the private sec- the Congress a report containing the plan devel- United States has in place a functioning and ef- tor from sub-Saharan Africa in conjunction oped pursuant to subsection (b). ficient visa system to guard against unlawful with the annual meetings of the Forum for the SEC. 8. ELIMINATING TRADE BARRIERS AND EN- transshipment of textile and apparel goods. purpose of discussing the issues described in COURAGING EXPORTS. (d) DEFINITION.—For purposes of this section, paragraph (1). (a) FINDINGS.—The Congress makes the fol- the term ‘‘Agreement on Textiles and Clothing’’ (3) The President shall, to the extent prac- lowing findings: means the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing ticable, meet with the heads of governments of (1) The lack of competitiveness of sub-Saha- referred to in section 101(d)(4) of the Uruguay sub-Saharan African countries eligible under ran Africa in the global market, especially in Round Agreements Act (19 U.S.C. 3511(d)(4)). section 4 not less than once every two years for the manufacturing sector, make it a limited SEC. 9. GENERALIZED SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES. the purpose of discussing the issues described in threat to market disruption and no threat to (a) PREFERENTIAL TARIFF TREATMENT FOR paragraph (1). The first such meeting should United States jobs. CERTAIN ARTICLES.—Section 503(a)(1) of the take place not later than twelve months after (2) Annual textile and apparel exports to the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2463(a)) is amend- the date of the enactment of this Act. United States from sub-Saharan Africa rep- ed— (d) DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION BY resent less than 1 percent of all textile and ap- (1) by redesignating subparagraph (C) as sub- USIA.—In order to assist in carrying out the parel exports to the United States, which totaled paragraph (D); and purposes of the Forum, the United States Infor- $45,932,000,000 in 1996. (2) by inserting after subparagraph (B) the mation Agency shall disseminate regularly, (3) Sub-Saharan Africa has limited textile following: through multiple media, economic information manufacturing capacity. During 1998 and the ‘‘(C) ELIGIBLE COUNTRIES IN SUB-SAHARAN AF- in support of the free market economic reforms succeeding 4 years, this limited capacity to man- RICA.—The President may provide duty-free described in this Act. ufacture textiles and apparel is projected to treatment for any article set forth in paragraph (e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— grow at a modest rate. Given this limited capac- (1) of subsection (b) that is the growth, product, There are authorized to be appropriated such ity to export textiles and apparel, it will be very or manufacture of an eligible country in sub-Sa- sums as may be necessary to carry out this sec- difficult for these exports from sub-Saharan Af- haran Africa that is a beneficiary developing tion. rica, during 1998 and the succeeding 9 years, to country, if, after receiving the advice of the SEC. 7. UNITED STATES–SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA exceed 3 percent annually of total imports of International Trade Commission in accordance FREE TRADE AREA. textile and apparel to the United States. If these with subsection (e), the President determines (a) DECLARATION OF POLICY.—The Congress exports from sub-Saharan Africa remain around that such article is not import-sensitive in the declares that a United States-Sub-Saharan Afri- 3 percent of total imports, they will not rep- context of imports from eligible countries in sub- ca Free Trade Area should be established, or resent a threat to United States workers, con- Saharan Africa. This subparagraph shall not free trade agreements should be entered into, in sumers, or manufacturers. affect the designation of eligible articles under order to serve as the catalyst for increasing (b) SENSE OF THE CONGRESS.—It is the sense of subparagraph (B).’’. trade between the United States and sub-Saha- the Congress that— (b) RULES OF ORIGIN.—Section 503(a)(2) of the ran Africa and increasing private sector devel- (1) it would be to the mutual benefit of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2463(a)(2)) is opment in sub-Saharan Africa. countries in sub-Saharan Africa and the United amended by adding at the end the following: (b) PLAN REQUIREMENT.— States to ensure that the commitments of the ‘‘(C) ELIGIBLE COUNTRIES IN SUB-SAHARAN AF- (1) IN GENERAL.—The President, taking into World Trade Organization and associated agree- RICA.—For purposes of determining the percent- account the provisions of the treaty establishing ments are faithfully implemented in each of the age referred to in subparagraph (A) in the case the African Economic Community and the will- member countries, so as to lay the groundwork of an article of an eligible country in sub-Saha- ingness of the governments of Sub-Saharan Af- for sustained growth in textile and apparel ex- ran Africa that is a beneficiary developing rican countries to engage in negotiations to ports and trade under agreed rules and dis- country— enter into free trade agreements, shall develop a ciplines; ‘‘(i) if the cost or value of materials produced plan for the purpose of entering into one or (2) reform of trade policies in sub-Saharan Af- in the customs territory of the United States is more trade agreements with sub-Saharan Afri- rica with the objective of removing structural included with respect to that article, an amount can countries eligible under section 4 in order to impediments to trade, consistent with obliga- not to exceed 15 percent of the appraised value establish a United States-Sub-Saharan Africa tions under the World Trade Organization, can of the article at the time it is entered that is at- Free Trade Area (hereafter in this section re- assist the countries of the region in achieving tributed to such United States cost or value may ferred to as the ‘‘Free Trade Area’’). greater and greater diversification of textile and be applied toward determining the percentage (2) ELEMENTS OF PLAN.—The plan shall in- apparel export commodities and products and referred to in subparagraph (A); and clude the following: export markets; and ‘‘(ii) the cost or value of the materials in- (A) The specific objectives of the United States (3) the President should support textile and cluded with respect to that article that are pro- with respect to the establishment of the Free apparel trade reform in sub-Saharan Africa by, duced in any beneficiary developing country Trade Area and a suggested timetable for among other measures, providing technical as- that is an eligible country in sub-Saharan Afri- achieving those objectives. sistance, sharing of information to expand basic ca shall be applied in determining such percent- (B) The benefits to both the United States and knowledge of how to trade with the United age.’’. sub-Saharan Africa with respect to the Free States, and encouraging business-to-business (c) WAIVER OF COMPETITIVE NEED LIMITA- Trade Area. contacts with the region. TION.—Section 503(c)(2)(D) of the Trade Act of (C) A mutually agreed-upon timetable for es- (c) TREATMENT OF QUOTAS.— 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2463(c)(2)(D)) is amended to read tablishing the Free Trade Area. (1) KENYA AND MAURITIUS.—Pursuant to the as follows: (D) The implications for and the role of re- Agreement on Textiles and Clothing, the United ‘‘(D) LEAST-DEVELOPED BENEFICIARY DEVEL- gional and sub-regional organizations in sub- States shall eliminate the existing quotas on tex- OPING COUNTRIES AND ELIGIBLE COUNTRIES IN Saharan Africa with respect to the Free Trade tile and apparel exports to the United States— SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA.—Subparagraph (A) shall Area. (A) from Kenya within 30 days after that not apply to any least-developed beneficiary de- (E) Subject matter anticipated to be covered country adopts a cost-effective and efficient visa veloping country or any eligible country in sub- by the agreement for establishing the Free Trade system to guard against unlawful transshipment Saharan Africa.’’. Area and United States laws, programs, and of textile and apparel goods; and (d) EXTENSION OF PROGRAM.—Section 505 of policies, as well as the laws of participating eli- (B) from Mauritius within 30 days after that the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2465) is amend- gible African countries and existing bilateral country adopts such a visa system. ed to read as follows: and multilateral and economic cooperation and The Customs Service shall provide the necessary ‘‘SEC. 505. DATE OF TERMINATION. trade agreements, that may be affected by the assistance to Kenya and Mauritius in the devel- ‘‘(a) COUNTRIES IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA.—No agreement or agreements. opment and implementation of those visa sys- duty-free treatment provided under this title (F) Procedures to ensure the following: tems. The Customs Service shall monitor and the shall remain in effect after May 31, 2007, with (i) Adequate consultation with the Congress Commissioner of Customs shall submit to the respect to beneficiary developing countries that and the private sector during the negotiation of Congress, not later than March 31 of each year, are eligible countries in sub-Saharan Africa. the agreement or agreements for establishing the a report on the effectiveness of those visa sys- ‘‘(b) OTHER COUNTRIES.—No duty-free treat- Free Trade Area. tems during the preceding calendar year. ment provided under this title shall remain in (ii) Consultation with the Congress regarding (2) OTHER SUB-SAHARAN COUNTRIES.—The effect after May 31, 1997, with respect to bene- all matters relating to implementation of the President shall continue the existing no quota ficiary developing countries other than those agreement or agreements. policy for countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The provided for in subsection (a).’’. (iii) Approval by the Congress of the agree- President shall submit to the Congress, not later (e) DEFINITION.—Section 507 of the Trade Act ment or agreements. than March 31 of each year, a report on the of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2467) is amended by adding at (iv) Adequate consultations with the relevant growth in textiles and apparel exports to the the end the following: African governments and African regional and United States from countries in sub-Saharan Af- ‘‘(6) ELIGIBLE COUNTRY IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRI- subregional intergovernmental organizations rica in order to protect United States consumers, CA.—The terms ‘eligible country in sub-Saharan during the negotiations of the agreement or workers, and textile manufacturers from eco- Africa’ and ‘eligible countries in sub-Saharan agreements. nomic injury on account of the no quota policy. Africa’ means a country or countries that the (c) REPORTING REQUIREMENT.—Not later than The President should ensure that any country President has determined to be eligible under 12 months after the date of the enactment of this in sub-Saharan Africa that intends to export section 4 of the African Growth and Oppor- Act, the President shall prepare and transmit to substantial textile and apparel goods to the tunity Act.’’. March 11, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H1059 SEC. 10. INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITU- (C) to make further commitments in their ‘‘(9)(A) The Board of Directors of the Bank TIONS AND DEBT REDUCTION. schedules to the General Agreement on Trade in shall take prompt measures, consistent with the (a) BETTER MECHANISMS TO FURTHER GOALS Services in order to encourage the removal of credit standards otherwise required by law, to FOR SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA.—It is the sense of tariff and nontariff barriers and to foster com- promote the expansion of the Bank’s financial the Congress that the Secretary of the Treasury petition in the services sector in those countries. commitments in sub-Saharan Africa under the should instruct the United States Executive Di- SEC. 11. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA EQUITY AND IN- loan, guarantee, and insurance programs of the rectors of the International Bank for Recon- FRASTRUCTURE FUNDS. Bank. struction and Development, the International (a) INITIATION OF FUNDS.—It is the sense of ‘‘(B)(i) The Board of Directors shall establish Monetary Fund, and the African Development the Congress that the Overseas Private Invest- and use an advisory committee to advise the Bank to use the voice and votes of the Executive ment Corporation should, within 12 months Board of Directors on the development and im- Directors to encourage vigorously their respec- after the date of the enactment of this Act, exer- plementation of policies and programs designed tive institutions to develop enhanced mecha- cise the authorities it has to initiate 2 or more to support the expansion described in subpara- nisms which further the following goals in eligi- equity funds in support of projects in the coun- graph (A). ble countries in sub-Saharan Africa: tries in sub-Saharan Africa. ‘‘(ii) The advisory committee shall make rec- (1) Strengthening and expanding the private (b) STRUCTURE AND TYPES OF FUNDS.— ommendations to the Board of Directors on how sector, especially among women-owned busi- (1) STRUCTURE.—Each fund initiated under the Bank can facilitate greater support by nesses. subsection (a) should be structured as a partner- United States commercial banks for trade with (2) Reducing tariffs, nontariff barriers, and ship managed by professional private sector sub-Saharan Africa. other trade obstacles, and increasing economic fund managers and monitored on a continuing ‘‘(iii) The advisory committee shall terminate 4 integration. basis by the Corporation. years after the date of the enactment of this (2) CAPITALIZATION.—Each fund should be (3) Supporting countries committed to ac- subparagraph.’’. capitalized with a combination of private equity countable government, economic reform, the (2) REPORTS TO THE CONGRESS.—Within 6 capital, which is not guaranteed by the Cor- eradication of poverty, and the building of civil months after the date of the enactment of this societies. poration, and debt for which the Corporation provides guaranties. Act, and annually for each of the 4 years there- (4) Supporting deep debt reduction at the ear- after, the Board of Directors of the Export-Im- liest possible date with the greatest amount of (3) TYPES OF FUNDS.— (A) EQUITY FUND FOR SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA.— port Bank of the United States shall submit to relief for eligible poorest countries under the One of the funds should be an equity fund, with the Congress a report on the steps that the ‘‘Heavily Indebted Poor Countries’’ (HIPC) debt assets of up to $150,000,000, the primary purpose Board has taken to implement section 2(b)(9)(B) initiative. of which is to achieve long-term capital appre- of the Export-Import Bank Act of 1945 and any (b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of the ciation through equity investments in support of recommendations of the advisory committee es- Congress that relief provided to countries in projects in countries in sub-Saharan Africa. tablished pursuant to such section. sub-Saharan Africa which qualify for the Heav- (B) INFRASTRUCTURE FUND.—One or more of SEC. 13. ESTABLISHMENT OF ASSISTANT UNITED ily Indebted Poor Countries debt initiative the funds, with combined assets of up to STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE should primarily be made through grants rather $500,000,000, should be used in support of infra- FOR SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA. than through extended-term debt, and that in- structure projects in countries of sub-Saharan (a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The President shall es- terim relief or interim financing should be pro- Africa. The primary purpose of any such fund tablish a position of Assistant United States vided for eligible countries that establish a would be to achieve long-term capital apprecia- Trade Representative within the Office of the strong record of macroeconomic reform. tion through investing in financing for infra- United States Trade Representative to focus on XECUTIVE BRANCH INITIATIVES.—The (c) E structure projects in sub-Saharan Africa, in- trade issues relating to sub-Saharan Africa. Congress supports and encourages the imple- cluding for the expansion of businesses in sub- (b) FUNDING AND STAFF.—The President shall mentation of the following initiatives of the ex- Saharan Africa, restructurings, management ensure that the Assistant United States Trade ecutive branch: buyouts and buyins, businesses with local own- Representative appointed pursuant to para- (1) AMERICAN-AFRICAN BUSINESS PARTNER- ership, and privatizations. graph (1) has adequate funding and staff to SHIP.—The Agency for International Develop- (4) EMPHASIS.—The Corporation shall ensure carry out the duties described in paragraph (1) ment devoting up to $1,000,000 annually to help that the funds are used to provide support in subject to the availability of appropriations. catalyze relationships between United States particular to women entrepreneurs and to inno- SEC. 14. EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES AND firms and firms in sub-Saharan Africa through vative investments that expand opportunities for FOREIGN COMMERCIAL SERVICE IN a variety of business associations and networks. women and maximize employment opportunities SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA. (2) TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO PROMOTE RE- for poor individuals. (a) SENSE OF THE CONGRESS.—It is the sense of FORMS.—The Agency for International Develop- SEC. 12. OVERSEAS PRIVATE INVESTMENT COR- the Congress that the United States and Foreign ment providing up to $5,000,000 annually in PORATION AND EXPORT-IMPORT Commercial Service should expand its presence short-term technical assistance programs to help BANK INITIATIVES. in sub-Saharan Africa by increasing the number the governments of sub-Saharan African coun- (a) OVERSEAS PRIVATE INVESTMENT CORPORA- of posts and the number of personnel it allocates tries to— TION.— to sub-Saharan Africa. (A) liberalize trade and promote exports; (1) ADVISORY COMMITTEE.—Section 233 of the (b) REPORTING REQUIREMENT.—Not later than (B) bring their legal regimes into compliance Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 is amended by 120 days after the date of the enactment of this with the standards of the World Trade Organi- adding at the end the following: Act, the Secretary of Commerce, in consultation zation in conjunction with membership in that ‘‘(e) ADVISORY COMMITTEE.—The Board shall with the Secretary of State, should report to the Organization; and take prompt measures to increase the loan, Congress on the feasibility of expanding the (C) make financial and fiscal reforms, as well guarantee, and insurance programs, and finan- presence in sub-Saharan Africa of the United as the United States Department of Agriculture cial commitments, of the Corporation in sub-Sa- States and Foreign Commercial Service. providing support to promote greater agri- haran Africa, including through the establish- SEC. 15. REPORTING REQUIREMENT. business linkages. ment and use of an advisory committee to assist The President shall submit to the Congress, (3) AGRICULTURAL MARKET LIBERALIZATION.— the Board in developing and implementing poli- not later than 1 year after the date of the enact- The Agency for International Development de- cies, programs, and financial instruments with ment of this Act, and not later than the end of voting up to $15,000,000 annually as part of the respect to sub-Saharan Africa. In addition, the each of the next 4 1-year periods thereafter, a multi-year Africa Food Security Initiative to advisory committee shall make recommendations report on the implementation of this Act. help address such critical agricultural policy to the Board on how the Corporation can facili- issues as market liberalization, agricultural ex- tate greater support by the United States for SEC. 16. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA DEFINED. port development, and agribusiness investment trade and investment with and in sub-Saharan For purposes of this Act, the terms ‘‘sub-Saha- in processing and transporting agricultural com- Africa. The advisory committee shall terminate 4 ran Africa’’, ‘‘sub-Saharan African country’’, modities. years after the date of the enactment of this ‘‘country in sub-Saharan Africa’’, and ‘‘coun- (4) TRADE PROMOTION.—The Trade Develop- subsection.’’. tries in sub-Saharan Africa’’ refer to the follow- ment Agency increasing the number of reverse (2) REPORTS TO THE CONGRESS.—Within 6 ing: trade missions to growth-oriented countries in months after the date of the enactment of this Republic of Angola (Angola) sub-Saharan Africa. Act, and annually for each of the 4 years there- Republic of Botswana (Botswana) (5) TRADE IN SERVICES.—Efforts by United after, the Board of Directors of the Overseas Republic of Burundi (Burundi) States embassies in the countries in sub-Saha- Private Investment Corporation shall submit to Republic of Cape Verde (Cape Verde) ran Africa to encourage their host govern- the Congress a report on the steps that the Republic of Chad (Chad) ments— Board has taken to implement section 233(e) of Democratic Republic of Congo (A) to participate in the ongoing negotiations the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 and any rec- (Congo) on financial services in the World Trade Orga- ommendations of the advisory board established Republic of Djibouti (Djibouti) nization; pursuant to such section. State of (Eritrea) (B) to revise their existing schedules to the (b) EXPORT-IMPORT BANK.— Gabonese Republic (Gabon) General Agreement on Trade in Services of the (1) ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR SUB-SAHARAN Republic of Ghana (Ghana) World Trade Organization in light of the suc- AFRICA.—Section 2(b) of the Export-Import Republic of Guinea-Bissau (Guinea-Bissau) cessful conclusion of negotiations on basic tele- Bank Act of 1945 (12 U.S.C. 635(b)) is amended Kingdom of Lesotho (Lesotho) communications services; and by inserting after paragraph (8) the following: Republic of Madagascar (Madagascar) H1060 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 11, 1998 Republic of (Mali) SEC. 4. ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS. for small farmers and producers, and im- Republic of Mauritius (Mauritius) (a) IN GENERAL.—A sub-Saharan African proved economic opportunities for women as Republic of Namibia (Namibia) country shall be eligible to participate in entrepreneurs and employees, and promoting Federal Republic of Nigeria (Nigeria) programs, projects, or activities, or receive and enabling the formation of capital to sup- Democratic Republic of Sao Tome´ and Prin- assistance or other benefits under this Act if port the establishment and operation of cipe (Sao Tome´ and Principe) the President determines that the country micro-enterprises. Republic of (Sierra Leone) does not engage in gross violations of inter- (6) Whether or not such country engages in nationally recognized human rights and has activities that undermine United States na- Kingdom of Swaziland (Swaziland) established, or is making continual progress tional security or foreign policy interests. Republic of (Togo) toward establishing, a market-based econ- (c) CONTINUING COMPLIANCE.— Republic of Zimbabwe (Zimbabwe) omy, such as the establishment and enforce- (1) MONITORING AND REVIEW OF CERTAIN Republic of Benin (Benin) ment of appropriate policies relating to— COUNTRIES.—The President shall monitor and Burkina Faso (Burkina) (1) promoting free movement of goods and review the progress of sub-Saharan African Republic of (Cameroon) services between the United States and sub- countries in order to determine their current Saharan Africa and among countries in sub- or potential eligibility under subsection (a). Federal Islamic Republic of the Saharan Africa; Such determinations shall be based on quan- (Comoros) (2) promoting the expansion of the produc- titative factors to the fullest extent possible Republic of Coˆte d’Ivoire (Coˆte d’Ivoire) tion base and the transformation of commod- and shall be included in the annual report re- Republic of (Equatorial ities and nontraditional products for exports quired by section 15. Guinea) through joint venture projects between Afri- Ethiopia (2) INELIGIBILITY OF CERTAIN COUNTRIES.—A can and foreign investors; sub-Saharan African country described in Republic of (Gambia) (3) trade issues, such as protection of intel- Republic of Guinea (Guinea) paragraph (1) that has not made continual lectual property rights, improvements in progress in meeting the requirements with Republic of Kenya (Kenya) standards, testing, labeling and certifi- Republic of (Liberia) which it is not in compliance shall be ineli- cation, and government procurement; gible to participate in programs, projects, or Republic of (Malawi) (4) the protection of property rights, such Islamic Republic of Mauritania (Mauritania) activities, or receive assistance or other ben- as protection against expropriation and a efits, under this Act. Republic of Mozambique (Mozambique) functioning and fair judicial system; Republic of Niger (Niger) (d) VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND IN- (5) appropriate fiscal systems, such as re- ELIGIBLE COUNTRIES.—It is the sense of the Republic of Rwanda (Rwanda) ducing high import and corporate taxes, con- Republic of Senegal (Senegal) Congress that a sub-Saharan African country trolling government consumption, participa- Republic of (Seychelles) should not be eligible to participate in pro- tion in bilateral investment treaties, and the Republic of South Africa (South Africa) grams, projects, or activities, or receive as- Republic of Sudan (Sudan) harmonization of such treaties to avoid dou- sistance or other benefits under this Act if United Republic of Tanzania (Tanzania) ble taxation; the government of that country is deter- Republic of Uganda (Uganda) (6) foreign investment issues, such as the mined by the President to engage in a con- Republic of Zambia (Zambia) provision of national treatment for foreign sistent pattern of gross violations of inter- investors and other measures to create an SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. nationally recognized human rights. environment conducive to domestic and for- This Act may be cited as the ‘‘African SEC. 5. ADDITIONAL AUTHORITIES AND IN- eign investment; Growth and Opportunity Act’’. CREASED FLEXIBILITY TO PROVIDE (7) supporting the growth of regional mar- ASSISTANCE UNDER THE DEVELOP- SEC. 2. FINDINGS. kets within a free trade area framework; MENT FUND FOR AFRICA. The Congress finds that it is in the mutual (8) governance issues, such as eliminating (a) USE OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AS- economic interest of the United States and government corruption, minimizing govern- SISTANCE TO SUPPORT FURTHER ECONOMIC sub-Saharan Africa to promote stable and ment intervention in the market such as GROWTH.—It is the sense of the Congress that sustainable economic growth and develop- price controls and subsidies, and streamlin- sustained economic growth in sub-Saharan ment in sub-Saharan Africa. To that end, the ing the business license process; Africa depends in large measure upon the de- United States seeks to facilitate market-led (9) supporting the growth of the private velopment of a receptive environment for economic growth in, and thereby the social sector, in particular by promoting the emer- trade and investment, and that to achieve and economic development of, the countries gence of a new generation of African entre- this objective the United States Agency for of sub-Saharan Africa. In particular, the preneurs; International Development should continue United States seeks to assist sub-Saharan (10) encouraging the private ownership of to support programs which help to create African countries, and the private sector in government-controlled economic enterprises this environment. Investments in human re- those countries, to achieve economic self-re- through divestiture programs; sources, development, and implementation liance by— (11) removing restrictions on investment; of free market policies, including policies to (1) strengthening and expanding the pri- and liberalize agricultural markets and improve vate sector in sub-Saharan Africa, especially (12) observing the rule of law, including food security, and the support for the rule of women-owned businesses; equal protection under the law and the right law and democratic governance should con- (2) encouraging increased trade and invest- to due process and a fair trial. tinue to be encouraged and enhanced on a bi- ment between the United States and sub-Sa- (b) ADDITIONAL FACTORS.—In determining lateral and regional basis. haran Africa; whether a sub-Saharan African country is el- (b) DECLARATIONS OF POLICY.—The Con- (3) reducing tariff and nontariff barriers igible under subsection (a), the President gress makes the following declarations: and other trade obstacles; shall take into account the following factors: (1) The Development Fund for Africa estab- (4) expanding United States assistance to (1) An expression by such country of its de- lished under chapter 10 of part I of the For- sub-Saharan Africa’s regional integration ef- sire to be an eligible country under sub- eign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2293 et forts; section (a). seq.) has been an effective tool in providing (5) negotiating free trade areas; (2) The extent to which such country has development assistance to sub-Saharan Afri- (6) establishing a United States-Sub-Saha- made substantial progress toward— ca since 1988. ran Africa Trade and Investment Partner- (A) reducing tariff levels; (2) The Development Fund for Africa will ship; (B) binding its tariffs in the World Trade complement the other provisions of this Act (7) focusing on countries committed to ac- Organization and assuming meaningful bind- and lay a foundation for increased trade and countable government, economic reform, and ing obligations in other sectors of trade; and investment opportunities between the the eradication of poverty; (C) eliminating nontariff barriers to trade. United States and sub-Saharan Africa. (8) establishing a United States-Sub-Saha- (3) Whether such country, if not already a (3) Assistance provided through the Devel- ran Africa Economic Cooperation Forum; member of the World Trade Organization, is opment Fund for Africa will continue to sup- and actively pursuing membership in that Orga- port programs and activities that promote (9) continuing to support development as- nization. the long term economic development of sub- sistance for those countries in sub-Saharan (4) Where applicable, the extent to which Saharan Africa, such as programs and activi- Africa attempting to build civil societies. such country is in material compliance with ties relating to the following: SEC. 3. STATEMENT OF POLICY. its obligations to the International Mone- (A) Strengthening primary and vocational The Congress supports economic self-reli- tary Fund and other international financial education systems, especially the acquisi- ance for sub-Saharan African countries, par- institutions. tion of middle-level technical skills for oper- ticularly those committed to— (5) The extent to which such country has a ating modern private businesses and the in- (1) economic and political reform; recognizable commitment to reducing pov- troduction of college level business edu- (2) market incentives and private sector erty, increasing the availability of health cation, including the study of international growth; care and educational opportunities, the ex- business, finance, and stock exchanges. (3) the eradication of poverty; and pansion of physical infrastructure in a man- (B) Strengthening health care systems. (4) the importance of women to economic ner designed to maximize accessibility, in- (C) Strengthening family planning service growth and development. creased access to market and credit facilities delivery systems. March 11, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H1061

(D) Supporting democratization, good gov- (c) REQUIREMENTS.—In creating the Forum, the Free Trade Area and a suggested time- ernance and civil society and conflict resolu- the President shall meet the following re- table for achieving those objectives. tion efforts. quirements: (B) The benefits to both the United States (E) Increasing food security by promoting (1) The President shall direct the Secretary and sub-Saharan Africa with respect to the the expansion of agricultural and agri- of Commerce, the Secretary of the Treasury, Free Trade Area. culture-based industrial production and pro- the Secretary of State, and the United (C) A mutually agreed-upon timetable for ductivity and increasing real incomes for States Trade Representative to host the first establishing the Free Trade Area. poor individuals. annual meeting with the counterparts of (D) The implications for and the role of re- (F) Promoting an enabling environment for such Secretaries from the governments of gional and sub-regional organizations in sub- private sector-led growth through sustained sub-Saharan African countries eligible under Saharan Africa with respect to the Free economic reform, privatization programs, section 4, the Secretary General of the Orga- Trade Area. and market-led economic activities. nization of African Unity, and government (E) Subject matter anticipated to be cov- (G) Promoting decentralization and local officials from other appropriate countries in ered by the agreement for establishing the participation in the development process, es- Africa, to discuss expanding trade and in- Free Trade Area and United States laws, pro- pecially linking the rural production sectors vestment relations between the United grams, and policies, as well as the laws of and the industrial and market centers States and sub-Saharan Africa and the im- participating eligible African countries and throughout Africa. plementation of this Act. existing bilateral and multilateral and eco- (H) Increasing the technical and manage- (2)(A) The President, in consultation with nomic cooperation and trade agreements, rial capacity of sub-Saharan African individ- the Congress, shall encourage United States that may be affected by the agreement or uals to manage the economy of sub-Saharan nongovernmental organizations to host an- agreements. Africa. nual meetings with nongovernmental organi- (F) Procedures to ensure the following: (I) Ensuring sustainable economic growth zations from sub-Saharan Africa in conjunc- (i) Adequate consultation with the Con- through environmental protection. tion with the annual meetings of the Forum gress and the private sector during the nego- (4) The African Development Foundation for the purpose of discussing the issues de- tiation of the agreement or agreements for has a unique congressional mandate to em- scribed in paragraph (1). establishing the Free Trade Area. power the poor to participate fully in devel- (B) The President, in consultation with the (ii) Consultation with the Congress regard- opment and to increase opportunities for Congress, shall encourage United States rep- ing all matters relating to implementation gainful employment, poverty alleviation, resentatives of the private sector to host an- of the agreement or agreements. and more equitable income distribution in nual meetings with representatives of the (iii) Approval by the Congress of the agree- sub-Saharan Africa. The African Develop- private sector from sub-Saharan Africa in ment or agreements. ment Foundation has worked successfully to conjunction with the annual meetings of the (iv) Adequate consultations with the rel- enhance the role of women as agents of Forum for the purpose of discussing the evant African governments and African re- change, strengthen the informal sector with issues described in paragraph (1). gional and subregional intergovernmental an emphasis on supporting micro and small (3) The President shall, to the extent prac- organizations during the negotiations of the sized enterprises, indigenous technologies, ticable, meet with the heads of governments agreement or agreements. and mobilizing local financing. The African of sub-Saharan African countries eligible (c) REPORTING REQUIREMENT.—Not later Development Foundation should develop and under section 4 not less than once every two than 12 months after the date of the enact- implement strategies for promoting partici- years for the purpose of discussing the issues ment of this Act, the President shall prepare pation in the socioeconomic development described in paragraph (1). The first such and transmit to the Congress a report con- process of grassroots and informal sector meeting should take place not later than taining the plan developed pursuant to sub- groups such as nongovernmental organiza- twelve months after the date of the enact- section (b). tions, cooperatives, artisans, and traders ment of this Act. SEC. 8. ELIMINATING TRADE BARRIERS AND EN- into the programs and initiatives established (d) DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION BY COURAGING EXPORTS. under this Act. USIA.—In order to assist in carrying out the (a) FINDINGS.—The Congress makes the fol- (c) ADDITIONAL AUTHORITIES.— purposes of the Forum, the United States In- lowing findings: (1) IN GENERAL.—Section 496(h) of the For- formation Agency shall disseminate regu- (1) The lack of competitiveness of sub-Sa- eign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2293(h)) larly, through multiple media, economic in- haran Africa in the global market, especially is amended— formation in support of the free market eco- in the manufacturing sector, make it a lim- (A) by redesignating paragraph (3) as para- nomic reforms described in this Act. ited threat to market disruption and no (e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— graph (4); and threat to United States jobs. There are authorized to be appropriated such (B) by inserting after paragraph (2) the fol- (2) Annual textile and apparel exports to lowing: sums as may be necessary to carry out this section. the United States from sub-Saharan Africa ‘‘(3) DEMOCRATIZATION AND CONFLICT RESO- (f) LIMITATION ON USE OF FUNDS.—None of represent less than 1 percent of all textile LUTION CAPABILITIES.—Assistance under this the funds authorized under this section may and apparel exports to the United States, section may also include program assist- be used to create or support any nongovern- which totaled $45,932,000,000 in 1996. ance— mental organization for the purpose of ex- (3) Sub-Saharan Africa has limited textile ‘‘(A) to promote democratization, good panding or facilitating trade between the manufacturing capacity. During 1998 and the governance, and strong civil societies in sub- United States and sub-Saharan Africa. succeeding 4 years, this limited capacity to Saharan Africa; and SEC. 7. UNITED STATES–SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA manufacture textiles and apparel is pro- ‘‘(B) to strengthen conflict resolution ca- FREE TRADE AREA. jected to grow at a modest rate. Given this pabilities of governmental, intergovern- (a) DECLARATION OF POLICY.—The Congress limited capacity to export textiles and ap- mental, and nongovernmental entities in declares that a United States–Sub-Saharan parel, it will be very difficult for these ex- sub-Saharan Africa Free Trade Area should be estab- ports from sub-Saharan Africa, during 1998 Africa.’’. lished, or free trade agreements should be and the succeeding 9 years, to exceed 3 per- (2) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Section entered into, in order to serve as the cata- cent annually of total imports of textile and 496(h)(4) of such Act, as amended by para- lyst for increasing trade between the United apparel to the United States. If these exports graph (1), is further amended by striking States and sub-Saharan Africa and increas- from sub-Saharan Africa remain around 3 ‘‘paragraphs (1) and (2)’’ in the first sentence ing private sector development in sub-Saha- percent of total imports, they will not rep- and inserting ‘‘paragraphs (1), (2), and (3)’’. ran Africa. resent a threat to United States workers, SEC. 6. UNITED STATES–SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA (b) PLAN REQUIREMENT.— consumers, or manufacturers. TRADE AND ECONOMIC COOPERA- (1) IN GENERAL.—The President, taking (b) SENSE OF THE CONGRESS.—It is the sense TION FORUM. into account the provisions of the treaty es- of the Congress that— (a) DECLARATION OF POLICY.—The President tablishing the African Economic Community (1) it would be to the mutual benefit of the shall convene annual high-level meetings be- and the willingness of the governments of countries in sub-Saharan Africa and the tween appropriate officials of the United sub-Saharan African countries to engage in United States to ensure that the commit- States Government and officials of the gov- negotiations to enter into free trade agree- ments of the World Trade Organization and ernments of sub-Saharan African countries ments, shall develop a plan for the purpose of associated agreements are faithfully imple- in order to foster close economic ties be- entering into one or more trade agreements mented in each of the member countries, so tween the United States and sub-Saharan Af- with sub-Saharan African countries eligible as to lay the groundwork for sustained rica. under section 4 in order to establish a United growth in textile and apparel exports and (b) ESTABLISHMENT.—Not later than 12 States–Sub-Saharan Africa Free Trade Area trade under agreed rules and disciplines; months after the date of the enactment of (hereafter in this section referred to as the (2) reform of trade policies in sub-Saharan this Act, the President, after consulting with ‘‘Free Trade Area’’). Africa with the objective of removing struc- the governments concerned, shall establish a (2) ELEMENTS OF PLAN.—The plan shall in- tural impediments to trade, consistent with United States–Sub-Saharan Africa Trade and clude the following: obligations under the World Trade Organiza- Economic Cooperation Forum (hereafter in (A) The specific objectives of the United tion, can assist the countries of the region in this section referred to as the ‘‘Forum’’). States with respect to the establishment of achieving greater and greater diversification H1062 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 11, 1998

of textile and apparel export commodities (e) DEFINITION.—For purposes of this sec- that the President has determined to be eli- and products and export markets; and tion, the term ‘‘Agreement on Textiles and gible under section 4 of the African Growth (3) the President should support textile and Clothing’’ means the Agreement on Textiles and Opportunity Act.’’. apparel trade reform in sub-Saharan Africa and Clothing referred to in section 101(d)(4) (f) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments by, among other measures, providing tech- of the Uruguay Round Agreements Act (19 made by this section take effect on July 1, nical assistance, sharing of information to U.S.C. 3511(d)(4)). 1998. expand basic knowledge of how to trade with SEC. 9. GENERALIZED SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES. the United States, and encouraging business- (a) PREFERENTIAL TARIFF TREATMENT FOR SEC. 10. INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITU- to-business contacts with the region. CERTAIN ARTICLES.—Section 503(a)(1) of the TIONS AND DEBT REDUCTION. (c) TREATMENT OF QUOTAS.— Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2463(a)(1)) is (a) BETTER MECHANISMS TO FURTHER GOALS ENYA AND MAURITIUS (1) K .—Pursuant to the amended— FOR SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA.—It is the sense of Agreement on Textiles and Clothing, the (1) by redesignating subparagraph (C) as the Congress that the Secretary of the United States shall eliminate the existing subparagraph (D); and Treasury should instruct the United States quotas on textile and apparel exports to the (2) by inserting after subparagraph (B) the Executive Directors of the International United States— following: Bank for Reconstruction and Development, (A) from Kenya within 30 days after that ‘‘(C) ELIGIBLE COUNTRIES IN SUB-SAHARAN the International Monetary Fund, and the country adopts an efficient visa system to AFRICA.—The President may provide duty- African Development Bank to use the voice guard against unlawful transshipment of tex- free treatment for any article set forth in and votes of the Executive Directors to en- tile and apparel goods and the use of coun- paragraph (1) of subsection (b) that is the courage vigorously their respective institu- terfeit documents; and growth, product, or manufacture of an eligi- tions to develop enhanced mechanisms which (B) from Mauritius within 30 days after ble country in sub-Saharan Africa that is a further the following goals in eligible coun- that country adopts such a visa system. beneficiary developing country, if, after re- tries in sub-Saharan Africa: The Customs Service shall provide the nec- ceiving the advice of the International Trade (1) Strengthening and expanding the pri- essary technical assistance to Kenya and Commission in accordance with subsection vate sector, especially among women-owned Mauritius in the development and implemen- (e), the President determines that such arti- businesses. tation of those visa systems. cle is not import-sensitive in the context of (2) Reducing tariffs, nontariff barriers, and (2) OTHER SUB-SAHARAN COUNTRIES.—The imports from eligible countries in sub-Saha- other trade obstacles, and increasing eco- President shall continue the existing no ran Africa. This subparagraph shall not af- nomic integration. quota policy for countries in sub-Saharan Af- fect the designation of eligible articles under (3) Supporting countries committed to ac- rica. The President shall submit to the Con- subparagraph (B).’’. countable government, economic reform, the gress, not later than March 31 of each year, (b) RULES OF ORIGIN.—Section 503(a)(2) of eradication of poverty, and the building of a report on the growth in textiles and ap- the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2463(a)(2)) is civil societies. parel exports to the United States from amended by adding at the end the following: (4) Supporting deep debt reduction at the countries in sub-Saharan Africa in order to ‘‘(C) ELIGIBLE COUNTRIES IN SUB-SAHARAN earliest possible date with the greatest protect United States consumers, workers, AFRICA.—For purposes of determining the amount of relief for eligible poorest coun- and textile manufacturers from economic in- percentage referred to in subparagraph (A) in tries under the ‘‘Heavily Indebted Poor jury on account of the no quota policy. the case of an article of an eligible country Countries’’ (HIPC) debt initiative. (d) CUSTOMS PROCEDURES AND ENFORCE- in sub-Saharan Africa that is a beneficiary (b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of MENT.— developing country— the Congress that relief provided to coun- (1) ACTIONS BY COUNTRIES AGAINST TRANS- ‘‘(i) if the cost or value of materials pro- tries in sub-Saharan Africa which qualify for SHIPMENT AND CIRCUMVENTION.—The Presi- duced in the customs territory of the United dent should ensure that any country in sub- States is included with respect to that arti- the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries debt Saharan Africa that intends to export textile cle, an amount not to exceed 15 percent of initiative should primarily be made through and apparel goods to the United States— the appraised value of the article at the time grants rather than through extended-term (A) has in place a functioning and effective it is entered that is attributed to such debt, and that interim relief or interim fi- visa system and domestic laws and enforce- United States cost or value may be applied nancing should be provided for eligible coun- ment procedures to guard against unlawful toward determining the percentage referred tries that establish a strong record of macro- transshipment of textile and apparel goods to in subparagraph (A); and economic reform. and the use of counterfeit documents; and ‘‘(ii) the cost or value of the materials in- (c) EXECUTIVE BRANCH INITIATIVES.—The (B) will cooperate fully with the United cluded with respect to that article that are Congress supports and encourages the imple- States to address and take action necessary produced in any beneficiary developing coun- mentation of the following initiatives of the to prevent circumvention, as provided in Ar- try that is an eligible country in sub-Saha- executive branch: ticle 5 of the Agreement on Textiles and ran Africa shall be applied in determining (1) AMERICAN-AFRICAN BUSINESS PARTNER- Clothing. such percentage.’’. SHIP.—The Agency for International Devel- (2) PENALTIES AGAINST EXPORTERS.—If the (c) WAIVER OF COMPETITIVE NEED LIMITA- opment devoting up to $1,000,000 annually to President determines, based on sufficient TION.—Section 503(c)(2)(D) of the Trade Act help catalyze relationships between United evidence, that an exporter has willfully fal- of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2463(c)(2)(D)) is amended to States firms and firms in sub-Saharan Africa sified information regarding the country of read as follows: through a variety of business associations origin, manufacture, processing, or assembly ‘‘(D) LEAST-DEVELOPED BENEFICIARY DEVEL- and networks. of a textile or apparel article for which duty- OPING COUNTRIES AND ELIGIBLE COUNTRIES IN (2) TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO PROMOTE RE- free treatment under section 503(a)(1)(C) of SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA.—Subparagraph (A) FORMS.—The Agency for International Devel- the Trade Act of 1974 is claimed, then the shall not apply to any least-developed bene- opment providing up to $5,000,000 annually in President shall deny to such exporter, and ficiary developing country or any eligible short-term technical assistance programs to any successors of such exporter, for a period country in sub-Saharan Africa.’’. help the governments of sub-Saharan African of 2 years, duty-free treatment under such (d) EXTENSION OF PROGRAM.—Section 505 of countries to— section for textile and apparel articles. the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2465) is (A) liberalize trade and promote exports; (3) APPLICABILITY OF UNITED STATES LAWS amended to read as follows: (B) bring their legal regimes into compli- AND PROCEDURES.—All provisions of the laws, ‘‘SEC. 505. DATE OF TERMINATION. ance with the standards of the World Trade regulations, and procedures of the United ‘‘(a) COUNTRIES IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA.— Organization in conjunction with member- States relating to the denial of entry of arti- No duty-free treatment provided under this ship in that Organization; and cles or penalties against individuals or enti- title shall remain in effect after June 30, (C) make financial and fiscal reforms, as ties for engaging in illegal transshipment, 2008, with respect to beneficiary developing well as the United States Department of Ag- fraud, or other violations of the customs countries that are eligible countries in sub- riculture providing support to promote laws shall apply to imports from Sub-Saha- Saharan Africa. greater agribusiness linkages. ran countries. ‘‘(b) OTHER COUNTRIES.—No duty-free (3) AGRICULTURAL MARKET LIBERALIZA- (4) MONITORING AND REPORTS TO CON- treatment provided under this title shall re- TION.—The Agency for International Devel- GRESS.—The Customs Service shall monitor main in effect after June 30, 1998, with re- opment devoting up to $15,000,000 annually as and the Commissioner of Customs shall sub- spect to beneficiary developing countries part of the multi-year Africa Food Security mit to the Congress, not later than March 31 other than those provided for in subsection Initiative to help address such critical agri- of each year, a report on the effectiveness of (a).’’. cultural policy issues as market liberaliza- the visa systems described in subsection (e) DEFINITION.—Section 507 of the Trade tion, agricultural export development, and (c)(1) and paragraph (1) of this subsection Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2467) is amended by add- agribusiness investment in processing and and on measures taken by countries in Sub- ing at the end the following: transporting agricultural commodities. Saharan Africa which export textiles or ap- ‘‘(6) ELIGIBLE COUNTRY IN SUB-SAHARAN AF- (4) TRADE PROMOTION.—The Trade Develop- parel to the United States to prevent cir- RICA.—The terms ‘eligible country in sub-Sa- ment Agency increasing the number of re- cumvention as described in Article 5 of the haran Africa’ and ‘eligible countries in sub- verse trade missions to growth-oriented Agreement on Textiles and Clothing. Saharan Africa’ mean a country or countries countries in sub-Saharan Africa. March 11, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H1063

(5) TRADE IN SERVICES.—Efforts by United with and in sub-Saharan Africa. The advi- the enactment of this Act, and not later than States embassies in the countries in sub-Sa- sory committee shall terminate 4 years after the end of each of the next 4 1-year periods haran Africa to encourage their host govern- the date of the enactment of this sub- thereafter, a report on the implementation ments— section.’’. of this Act. (A) to participate in the ongoing negotia- (2) REPORTS TO THE CONGRESS.—Within 6 SEC. 16. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA DEFINED. tions on financial services in the World months after the date of the enactment of For purposes of this Act, the terms ‘‘sub- Trade Organization; this Act, and annually for each of the 4 years Saharan Africa’’, ‘‘sub-Saharan African (B) to revise their existing schedules to the thereafter, the Board of Directors of the country’’, ‘‘country in sub-Saharan Africa’’, General Agreement on Trade in Services of Overseas Private Investment Corporation and ‘‘countries in sub-Saharan Africa’’ refer the World Trade Organization in light of the shall submit to the Congress a report on the to the following: successful conclusion of negotiations on steps that the Board has taken to implement Republic of Angola (Angola) basic telecommunications services; and section 233(e) of the Foreign Assistance Act Republic of Botswana (Botswana) (C) to make further commitments in their of 1961 (as added by paragraph (1)) and any Republic of Burundi (Burundi) schedules to the General Agreement on recommendations of the advisory board es- Republic of Cape Verde (Cape Verde) Trade in Services in order to encourage the tablished pursuant to such section. Republic of Chad (Chad) removal of tariff and nontariff barriers and (b) EXPORT-IMPORT BANK.— Democratic Republic of Congo to foster competition in the services sector (1) ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR SUB-SAHARAN Republic of the Congo (Congo) in those countries. AFRICA.—Section 2(b) of the Export-Import Republic of Djibouti (Djibouti) SEC. 11. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA EQUITY AND IN- Bank Act of 1945 (12 U.S.C. 635(b)) is amended State of Eritrea (Eritrea) FRASTRUCTURE FUNDS. by inserting after paragraph (12) the follow- Gabonese Republic (Gabon) (a) INITIATION OF FUNDS.—It is the sense of ing: Republic of Ghana (Ghana) ‘‘(13)(A) The Board of Directors of the the Congress that the Overseas Private In- Republic of Guinea-Bissau (Guinea-Bissau) Bank shall take prompt measures, consistent vestment Corporation should, within 12 Kingdom of Lesotho (Lesotho) with the credit standards otherwise required months after the date of the enactment of Republic of Madagascar (Madagascar) this Act, exercise the authorities it has to by law, to promote the expansion of the Bank’s financial commitments in sub-Saha- Republic of Mali (Mali) initiate 2 or more equity funds in support of Republic of Mauritius (Mauritius) projects in the countries in sub-Saharan Af- ran Africa under the loan, guarantee, and in- surance programs of the Bank. Republic of Namibia (Namibia) rica. Federal Republic of Nigeria (Nigeria) (b) STRUCTURE AND TYPES OF FUNDS.— ‘‘(B)(i) The Board of Directors shall estab- Democratic Republic of Sao Tome´ and (1) STRUCTURE.—Each fund initiated under lish and use an advisory committee to advise Principe (Sao Tome´ and Principe) subsection (a) should be structured as a part- the Board of Directors on the development Republic of Sierra Leone (Sierra Leone) nership managed by professional private sec- and implementation of policies and programs Somalia tor fund managers and monitored on a con- designed to support the expansion described Kingdom of Swaziland (Swaziland) tinuing basis by the Corporation. in subparagraph (A). ‘‘(ii) The advisory committee shall make Republic of Togo (Togo) (2) CAPITALIZATION.—Each fund should be recommendations to the Board of Directors Republic of Zimbabwe (Zimbabwe) capitalized with a combination of private eq- on how the Bank can facilitate greater sup- Republic of Benin (Benin) uity capital, which is not guaranteed by the port by United States commercial banks for Burkina Faso (Burkina) Corporation, and debt for which the Corpora- trade with sub-Saharan Africa. Republic of Cameroon (Cameroon) tion provides guaranties. ‘‘(iii) The advisory committee shall termi- Central African Republic (3) TYPES OF FUNDS.— nate 4 years after the date of the enactment Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros (A) EQUITY FUND FOR SUB-SAHARAN AFRI- of this subparagraph.’’. (Comoros) CA.—One of the funds should be an equity (2) REPORTS TO THE CONGRESS.—Within 6 Republic of Coˆ te d’Ivoire (Coˆ te d’Ivoire) fund, with assets of up to $150,000,000, the pri- months after the date of the enactment of Republic of Equatorial Guinea (Equatorial mary purpose of which is to achieve long- this Act, and annually for each of the 4 years Guinea) term capital appreciation through equity in- thereafter, the Board of Directors of the Ex- Ethiopia vestments in support of projects in countries port-Import Bank of the United States shall Republic of the Gambia (Gambia) in sub-Saharan Africa. submit to the Congress a report on the steps Republic of Guinea (Guinea) (B) INFRASTRUCTURE FUND.—One or more of that the Board has taken to implement sec- Republic of Kenya (Kenya) the funds, with combined assets of up to tion 2(b)(13)(B) of the Export-Import Bank Republic of Liberia (Liberia) $500,000,000, should be used in support of in- Act of 1945 (as added by paragraph (1)) and Republic of Malawi (Malawi) frastructure projects in countries of sub-Sa- any recommendations of the advisory com- Islamic Republic of Mauritania (Mauri- haran Africa. The primary purpose of any mittee established pursuant to such section. tania) such fund would be to achieve long-term cap- SEC. 13. ESTABLISHMENT OF ASSISTANT UNITED Republic of Mozambique (Mozambique) ital appreciation through investing in fi- STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE Republic of Niger (Niger) nancing for infrastructure projects in sub- FOR SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA. Republic of Rwanda (Rwanda) Saharan Africa, including for the expansion (a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The President shall Republic of Senegal (Senegal) of businesses in sub-Saharan Africa, establish a position of Assistant United Republic of Seychelles (Seychelles) restructurings, management buyouts and States Trade Representative within the Of- Republic of South Africa (South Africa) buyins, businesses with local ownership, and fice of the United States Trade Representa- Republic of Sudan (Sudan) privatizations. tive to focus on trade issues relating to sub- United Republic of Tanzania (Tanzania) (4) EMPHASIS.—The Corporation shall en- Saharan Africa. Republic of Uganda (Uganda) sure that the funds are used to provide sup- (b) FUNDING AND STAFF.—The President Republic of Zambia (Zambia) port in particular to women entrepreneurs shall ensure that the Assistant United States and to innovative investments that expand Trade Representative appointed pursuant to SEC. 17. CLARIFICATION OF DEDUCTION FOR SEVERANCE PAY. opportunities for women and maximize em- subsection (a) has adequate funding and staff (a) IN GENERAL.—Section 404(a) of the In- ployment opportunities for poor individuals. to carry out the duties described in sub- ternal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to de- SEC. 12. OVERSEAS PRIVATE INVESTMENT COR- section (a). duction for contributions of an employer to PORATION AND EXPORT-IMPORT SEC. 14. EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES AND BANK INITIATIVES. FOREIGN COMMERCIAL SERVICE IN an employee’s trust or annuity plan and (a) OVERSEAS PRIVATE INVESTMENT COR- SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA. compensation under a deferred-payment PORATION.— (a) SENSE OF THE CONGRESS.—It is the sense plan) is amended by adding at the end the (1) ADVISORY COMMITTEE.—Section 233 of of the Congress that the United States and following new paragraph: the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 is amend- Foreign Commercial Service should expand ‘‘(11) DETERMINATIONS RELATING TO SEVER- ed by adding at the end the following: its presence in sub-Saharan Africa by in- ANCE PAY.—For purposes of determining ‘‘(e) ADVISORY COMMITTEE.—The Board creasing the number of posts and the number under this section— shall take prompt measures to increase the of personnel it allocates to sub-Saharan Afri- ‘‘(A) whether severance pay is deferred loan, guarantee, and insurance programs, ca. compensation, and and financial commitments, of the Corpora- (b) REPORTING REQUIREMENT.—Not later ‘‘(B) when severance pay is paid, tion in sub-Saharan Africa, including than 120 days after the date of the enactment no amount shall be treated as received by through the establishment and use of an ad- of this Act, the Secretary of Commerce, in the employee, or paid, until it is actually re- visory committee to assist the Board in de- consultation with the Secretary of State, ceived by the employee.’’ veloping and implementing policies, pro- should report to the Congress on the feasibil- (b) EFFECTIVE DATE.— grams, and financial instruments with re- ity of expanding the presence in sub-Saharan (1) IN GENERAL.—The amendment made by spect to sub-Saharan Africa. In addition, the Africa of the United States and Foreign subsection (a) shall apply to taxable years advisory committee shall make rec- Commercial Service. ending after October 8, 1997. ommendations to the Board on how the Cor- SEC. 15. REPORTING REQUIREMENT. (2) CHANGE IN METHOD OF ACCOUNTING.—In poration can facilitate greater support by The President shall submit to the Con- the case of any taxpayer required by the the United States for trade and investment gress, not later than 1 year after the date of amendment made by subsection (a) to H1064 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 11, 1998 change its method of accounting for its first missing: ensuring the freedom of Afri- brainwashing she endured. ‘‘I thought it taxable year ending after October 8, 1997— can people who are daily threatened by would be better to die than to reman a (A) such change shall be treated as initi- slavery. slave,’’ Akuac says. ated by the taxpayer, Today is March 11, 1998. Today, in Trafficking in humans has resurged with (B) such change shall be treated as made civil war in Africa’s largest and poorest with the consent of the Secretary of the America, we breathe freedom, but country, said John Eibner of Christian Soli- Treasury, and today, right now today in Africa, inno- darity International, a humanitarian group (C) the net amount of the adjustments re- cent men, women and children are vio- that brought Akuac’s freedom. quired to be taken into account by the tax- lently pulled from their families by For all but a decade since Sudan’s inde- payer under section 481 of the Internal Reve- Arab slave raiders. One Sudanese pendence in 1956, southern rebels, mainly nue Code of 1986 shall be taken into account woman witnessed all five of her chil- black Christians and followers of tribal reli- in such first taxable year. dren, late last year, tied to horses and gions, have fought for autonomy from the The CHAIRMAN. No amendment to national government in Khartoum, which is screaming as they were taken away. dominated by northern Arabs. The south- the committee amendment in the na- Today, this amendment sends a ture of a substitute will be in order ex- erners believe the north is trying to impose strong message from this Congress that Islam and the Arabic language and to mo- cept those printed in Part II of House we will not turn a blind eye to this nopolize Sudan’s wealth. Report 105–431. Each amendment may grieving mother or to these people. The Since the rebellion resumed 14 years ago, be offered only in the order printed in value and dignity of all people in all fighting, famine and disease have killed an the report, may be offered only by a nations will be honored and protected. estimated 1.5 million Sudanese—more than Member designated in the report, shall Trade recognizes the value and worth died in the genocides and civil wars in Rwan- be considered as read, debatable for the da or Bosnia. More than 3 million people of another nation’s economy, an econ- have fled or been forced from their homes. time specified in the report, equally di- omy built and sustained by the sweat vided and controlled by the proponent Much of the fighting on the government and toil of its citizens. To advance side is done by local militias. Unpaid, their and an opponent, and shall not be sub- trade without advancing the rights of a bounty is as old as war itself—slaves. Su- ject to amendment. nation’s citizens rejects the principles dan’s radical Islamic leaders encourage sol- The Chairman of the Committee of of liberty and justice. diers to take slaves as their compensation, the Whole may postpone a request for a Let us resolve today, by passing this according United Nations investigators and recorded vote on any amendment and the U.S. State Department. amendment, that human rights and Young women and children are the most may reduce to a minimum of 5 minutes trade are bound together and can ad- the time for voting on any postponed valuable war booty. Eibner said old people vance the global cause of freedom. We are beaten and robbed while young men are question that immediately follows an- must not veil freedom’s light with the killed because they cannot be trained into other vote, provided that the time for shadow of slavery. useful, harmless slaves. voting on the first question shall be a Mr. Chairman, I reserve the balance ‘‘According to the Khartoum’s regime ide- minimum of 15 minutes. of my time. ology of jihad, members of this resistant b 1430 Mr. ROYCE. Mr. Chairman, I am not black African community—be they men, women or children—are infidels, and may be It is now in order to consider amend- opposed to the amendment, and I do arbitrarily killed, enslaved, looted or other- ment No. 1 printed in Part II of House not see any Member seeking to oppose wise abused,’’ Eibner said. Report 105–431. the amendment. I ask unanimous con- The Sudanese government denies sent to control the time. condoning slavery, insisting the practice per- AMENDMENT NO. 1 OFFERED BY MRS. LINDA sists because holding prisoners for ransom is SMITH OF WASHINGTON The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from a tradition rooted in tribal disputes. Mrs. LINDA SMITH of Washington. No side has a claim on morality in this Mr. Chairman, I offer an amendment. California? There was no objection. war. The rebel Sudan People’s Liberation The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will des- Army has been accused of forcibly inducting ignate the amendment. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman teenage boys into its ragtag army. But the The text of the amendment is as fol- from California (Mr. ROYCE) is recog- southern blacks do not take Arab prisoners lows: nized for 5 minutes. for slaves. Mr. ROYCE. Mr. Chairman, I support Paul Malong Awan, a regional rebel com- Amendment No. 1 offered by Mrs. LINDA this amendment, and I yield to the gen- mander, said enslavement is a government SMITH of Washington: tlewoman from Washington (Mrs. tactic to weaken the morale and military In subsection (b) of section 4 (Eligibility might of the south. LINDA SMITH). Requirements), redesignate paragraph (6) as Many of the blacks taken away are Dinkas, paragraph (7) and insert after paragraph (5) Mrs. LINDA SMITH of Washington. a million-member tribe that is the biggest the following: Mr. Chairman, there seems to be no ethnic group in southern Sudan. Dinkas are (6) Whether or not such country is cooper- problem with this amendment. Our vulnerable because they predominate in ating with the United States in efforts to State Department has said that there northern Bahr el Ghazal, a region that is eliminate . is a problem with slavery, and they close to the front between north and south. The CHAIRMAN. Pursuant to House have also stated we cannot allow coun- Christian Solidarity International esti- Resolution 383, the gentlewoman from tries to continue this practice. mates tens of thousands of black slaves are Washington (Mrs. LINDA SMITH) and a I would also like to submit for the owned by Arabs in northern Sudan. The Swiss-based charity has made more than a Member opposed, each will control 5 RECORD an article from the Chicago minutes. dozen risky, clandestine bush flights to Tribune which illustrates how impor- southern Sudan to redeem 800 slaves since The Chair recognizes the gentle- tant this amendment is. 1995, most recently in Madhol, 720 miles woman from Washington (Mrs. LINDA [From the Chicago Tribune, Feb. 22, 1998] southwest of Khartoum. SMITH). Some criticize its work. TRAFFICKING IN HUMANS; FED BY A 14-YEAR- Mrs. LINDA SMITH of Washington. Alex de Waal, of the London-based group OLD CIVIL WAR, SLAVE TRADE THRIVES IN African Rights, said that by paying large Mr. Chairman, I yield myself such time SUDAN sums to free slaves, the Swiss charity under- as I may consume. (By Karin Davies) I would first like to thank the gen- cuts Dinkas living in the north who do the MADHOL, SUDAN.—Stacks of money pass same secretive work for a fraction of the tleman from Illinois (Mr. CRANE) for from the Christian foreigner to the Muslim cost. his consideration of this amendment trader, an exchange anxiously watched by a Eibner countered: ‘‘There is no evidence to which is also cosponsored by the gen- 13-year-old girl with diamonds of sweat on suggest that our work has undermined ef- tleman from New Jersey (Mr. PAYNE) her brow. forts to redeem abducted women and chil- and the gentleman from Virginia (Mr. The Sudanese trader, his lap buried by cur- dren. In fact, Dinka elders encourage us to WOLF). rency worth $13,200, waves carelessly to free press ahead with our activities.’’ The Africa Growth and Opportunity his merchandise—132 slaves. Gaspar Biro, a researcher for the UN Com- Act already has in place specific eligi- Akuac Malong, the young Dinka girl, is mission on Human Rights for Sudan, has among them. She has spent seven years— cited ‘‘an alarming increase’’ in ‘‘cases of bility requirements, and I am encour- more than half her life—enslaved by an Arab slavery, servitude, slave trade and forced aged that certain protections for in northern Sudan. labor’’ since February 1994. human rights are involved and in place Her brilliant smile belies the beatings, ‘‘The total passivity of the government can in the bill. However, one condition is near-starvation, mutilation and attempted only be regarded as tacit political approval March 11, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H1065 and support of the institution of slavery,’’ he ‘‘My father is Arab but my mother is these amendments in an attempt to an- said. Dinka. When I see my mother’s people are swer some of the concerns that have A U.S. State Department report said ac- suffering, I must do something.’’ been raised about this bill. counts it received on the taking of slaves in But many families among the Dinka, par- the south ‘‘indicates the direct and general ticularly those who also lose cattle and crops I take this opportunity to say that I involvement’’ of Sudan’s army and militias to raiders, cannot afford Bashir’s price—five am deeply respectful of all who have ‘‘backed by the government.’’ cows or the equivalent of $100 in cash for spoken on the bill. I am deeply respect- The centuries-old tensions between Arabs each slave returned. ful of the proponents and the oppo- and blacks in Sudan are linked to slaving ex- He says he rescues slaves by buying some nents of the Africa Growth and Oppor- peditions by Arabs to the upper , a trade from owners, takes others from wives jealous tunity Act. It is incumbent upon those that the 19th Century explorer David Living- of their husbands’ concubines, and protects of us who have identified concerns with stone called ‘‘an open sore on the world.’’ escapees who seek him out. Akuac’s mother, Abuong Malong, sobs Though Bashir insists he loses money, he this bill to not only try to make it a when she sees her daughter for the first time flaunts the Sudanese signs of wealth—on his better bill, but to acknowledge that in seven years. ‘‘It’s like she’s been born feet are tasseled, leather loafers, on his wrist none of us are right on this bill. again.’’ a Casio watch, in his hand a shortwave radio. Some of us have advanced this bill as She recognizes her only from her straight, Eibner says he doesn’t begrudge the trader the best thing that could ever happen square teeth. ‘‘She was very small when she his money. ‘‘If this man is caught, he’s a for Africa. While I wish that was true, was taken, her features have changed, but dead man.’’ it is not necessarily true. And for oth- she came back with the same spirit.’’ For that reason, the slave caravan traveled Recalling that traumatic day, Abuong only by the light of a melon slice of moon to ers, who have condemned this as the Malong says they were fetching water when reach Madhol. worst thing that could have ever hap- Arab militiamen on camels and horses thun- The three-night walk wearied the 132 freed pened, that is not true either. dered into their village, Rumalong. The raid- women and children. Infants of Arab fathers What we have, I think, is an attempt ers began shooting at the clusters of mud were carried on their raped mother’s backs. by those of us who care about Africa to and wattle huts and rounding up cows and Years of abuse are written in bruises and goats. try to advance something that will scars on their long, dust-caked limbs. Some lead us to a trade agreement. ‘‘I was running with Akuac for the trees wear tattered rags; others are naked. when a horseman grabbed her,’’ Abuong Yet Akuac’s joy at freedom beams from I think all of the Members of this Malong says. ‘‘I was afraid that if I chased her animated face and chocolately eyes. She House who are involved in this legisla- the horseman, he would kill me.’’ sings a song of praise for the Sudan People’s tion would like to get to the point Akuac and her older brother were tied to Liberation Army and dances with family and where we can do a good trade bill. We horsebacks and taken north with more than friends to the twangs of a homemade, a dozen others from their village, a short differ on what the guiding policy stringed rababa. should be to get to that point. Some walk southeast of Madhol. The women and The first Sunday after her release. Akuac older children had to carry the booty of their worships beneath a tree with a crucifix Members think that everything in this captors. nailed to the trunk. Roman Catholic hymns bill is good and should be embraced. I In Kordofan, Akuac was sold to an Arab are sung to the beat of drums and the am one who believes that there are who made her wash clothes, haul water, mewling of infants. some things in the bill that are unnec- gather firewood and help with cooking. On Monday, she goes to school—but is essary, that may be harmful and need She survived on table scraps, and slept in clearly bewildered as other children practice to be dealt with. I take this oppor- the kitchen. writing letters in the dirt with sticks and ‘‘I was badly treated,’’ Akuac says. tunity to try to deal with some of this Her master also tried to make her a Mus- add up four-digit figures. in amendments. ‘‘I’ll have to catch up,’’ she says. lim—taking her to mosque and giving her My first amendment is a very simple Mr. ROYCE. Mr. Chairman, I yield the Arabic name of Fatima. amendment that says, no country But Akuac says she maintained her Chris- back the balance of my time. would be forced to have to comply with tian faith, praying and singing hymns in se- Mrs. LINDA SMITH of Washington. all of the requirements of this bill. cret and never forgetting her true name. Mr. Chairman, I yield back the balance This underscores the flexibility of the ‘‘My name is my name and nobody can of my time. change that.’’ President to take a look at countries The CHAIRMAN. The question is on She does bear scars—in the local Muslim and make some determination about the amendment offered by the gentle- tradition, she was forcibly circumcised with whether or not they are in compliance woman from Washington (Mrs. LINDA her master’s daughters when she was 11. with some things, whether or not they ‘‘It was very brutal. It is strange to our SMITH). culture,’’ Akuac says. ‘‘The master told me, The amendment was agreed to. are working toward compliance, wheth- ‘If I don’t circumcise you, I will have to kill The CHAIRMAN. It is now in order to er or not they are making progress, you because you will still hold the ideas of consider amendment No. 2 printed in whether or not they are, in fact, acting your people, and you will try to escape.’ ’’ part II of House Report 105–431. in good faith despite the fact they do Her heart is scarred, too. Her older broth- not meet all of the strict requirements. AMENDMENT NO. 2 OFFERED BY MS. WATERS er, Makol, was killed two years ago at age 13 When I talked with the proponents of while trying to escape. Ms. WATERS. Mr. Chairman, I offer Another returnee, Akec Kwol Kiir, who is this bill, they said to me, that was the an amendment. intent of the bill. I said to them, that in her 40s, says she was repeatedly raped by The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will des- was not clear. As I looked at the laun- four soldiers who took her north. She ended ignate the amendment. up in a camp where slaves were bought and dry list, I became concerned. I pointed The text of the amendment is as fol- sold. ‘‘They treated us like cattle,’’ she says. out some of my concerns. lows: Her Arab master insisted that she, too, be For example, if we take a look at circumcised. She refused, and was brutally Amendment No. 2 offered by Ms. WATERS: page 40 of the legislation, line 20, item slashed. Her ear is notched and her chin and In subsection (a) of section 4 (Eligibility neck scarred. Requirements), insert after paragraph (12) 5, it says, appropriate fiscal systems Kwol finally submitted. ‘‘Otherwise, they the following: such as reducing high import and cor- would have killed me. Because I was a slave, A country need not meet all the require- porate taxes, controlling government they had the right to do whatever they want- ments set forth in paragraphs (1) through consumption, participation in bilateral ed to me,’’ she says. (12) in order to be eligible under this sub- investment treaties and the harmoni- Akuac and Kwol have been brought back to section. zation of such treaties to avoid double Madhol along with 130 other former slaves by taxation. a trader who calls himself Ahmed el-Noor The CHAIRMAN. Pursuant to House Bashir. Resolution 383, the gentlewoman from I would have struck that from the Slipping into a cowhide-strung chair be- California (Ms. WATERS) and a Member bill if I had had my way. I attempted to neath a shade tree, the 27-year-old dressed in opposed each will control 10 minutes. do that. That amendment was not ac- a fine white cotton robe and a close-fitting The Chair recognizes the gentle- cepted. However, this amendment embroidered cap denies he rescues slaves for woman from California (Ms. WATERS). would at least give the President the the money. Ms. WATERS. Mr. Chairman, I yield opportunity to evaluate whether or not ‘‘To others it may seem 6.6 million Suda- nese pounds ($13,200) is a lot of money. But myself such time as I may consume. a country is moving in that direction, how can you put a price on human life? I do I rise today to present several whether or not they should move in it for humanitarian reasons, not for the amendments. This is one of three that direction in a strict way or wheth- money,’’ he says. amendments. I rise today to present er or not there is some flexibility, as H1066 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 11, 1998 we look as things such as controlling I arrived on the floor just as the vote ment, but it is certainly giving us an government consumption. was called, but as the Members know, opportunity to highlight some of the What does that mean? For some the Smith-Payne amendment is the problems that occur there on the con- Members, they would spend less money amendment that said that we cannot tinent, and gives us an opportunity to on education and health. For some condone slavery and that anywhere work towards the elimination of some Members, that would mean we would this is practiced should certainly not of the atrocities that still exist. I know spend less money on the infrastructure. be considered for this bill. I thank the this bill will go a long way into making For some Members, that would mean House for the endorsement of our the continent move, and I certainly something quite different than what I amendment. wholeheartedly support the bill. would be concerned about. I have personally continued to ad- Ms. WATERS. Mr. Chairman, I yield I think that we need some flexibility dress the issue of slavery throughout 1 minute to the gentleman from Mary- to review these kinds of things, and for the world. I have introduced H. Con. land (Mr. CUMMINGS). the President, who will be making Res. 234 which calls on both Sudan and Mr. CUMMINGS. Mr. Chairman, I some determination about these Mauritania to stop all overt and covert rise in support of the amendment of- things, to determine exactly what is practices of chattel slavery and all fered by the gentlewoman from Califor- meant in this policy direction and to other forms of booty. While acknowl- nia (Ms. WATERS). have the ability not to force anyone to edging the prolonged campaign of Historically, small businesses, espe- have to be in strict compliance with human rights abuses and discrimina- cially those owned by people of color every aspect of this bill as it tries to tion, especially on women and children, and women, have not fully enjoyed the give us some direction for public pol- the bill commends the Clinton admin- benefits of uniform trade agreements icy. istration for sanctioning Sudan and negotiated by the United States. I be- I do not think there should be any monitoring acts of Mauritania. opposition to that. That, I am told, is lieve that the Waters amendment will Similar proof of the existence of slav- allow small businesses, especially the intent anyway. I said to those who ery in Mauritania has been provided by told me that that was the intent that those found within inner-city commu- a variety of sources, yet at our hearing nities, to gain access to the opportuni- then they should have no problems in March of last year, Assistant Sec- with me just restating it in ways that ties of uniform trade agreements. retary Shattuck reported in the Coun- Mr. Chairman, I support the gentle- are understood. try Report on Human Rights that no I have talked with many of those who woman’s second amendment, which en- vestiges of slavery existed in Mauri- sures that the Development Fund of represent nongovernment organiza- tania, even though 3 years prior to the tions. I have talked with some of the Africa will not be reduced below $700 report it stated that 90,000 slaves were proponents of the bill. I have talked million. repressed at the hands of the govern- with Members on the opposite side of Finally, I support the gentlewoman’s ment. I just wonder how such a trans- the aisle; to date and since this amend- third amendment, which will limit the formation could have taken place with- ment was placed in order in the Com- mandate for each participating country out significant reporting and inter- mittee on Rules, I have not heard any to comply with all stated requirements national coverage. of section 4(a). objections. Certainly, I would ask that I contend that the successful aboli- my colleagues would support me, given Ms. WATERS. Mr. Chairman, may I tion of slavery has not taken place in this kind of flexibility and document- inquire how much time is remaining on Mauritania and additional steps must ing it as it was intended when the bill this amendment? be taken to completely eradicate the was constructed. The CHAIRMAN. The gentlewoman practice from the country. I am Again, let me bring to the attention from California (Ms. WATERS) has 2 of the Members that this is not a bill pleased, though, that this year Ambas- minutes remaining, and the gentleman sador Shattuck testified that in its lat- that is perfect. As a matter of fact, from California (Mr. ROYCE) has 7 min- est annual human rights report a sys- there are many things that I would utes remaining. strike in the bill if I had an oppor- tem of officially sanctioned slavery in Ms. WATERS. Mr. Chairman, I yield tunity to. I think that if we have which government and society join to 1 minute to the gentlewoman from force individuals to serve masters is enough flexibility to at least act in Texas (Ms. JACKSON-LEE). good faith by supporting this kind of not the case; however, slavery in the Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. Mr. amendment, it may go a long way to form of unofficial voluntary or forced Chairman, I thank the gentlewoman getting Members who have some trou- and involuntary servitude persists. for yielding me this time, and I thank Let me just move quickly to the ble with the bill to support this legisla- her for her leadership. Sudan. Sudan has been a problem for a tion. This is an excellent amendment. I long time, and I want to submit for the In the final analysis, I think what we think that this helps to make this bill record these three copies of the Balti- all want is, we want to develop guiding realistic in that it allows the 12 items more Sun report where two reporters policies. We want to give the direction. that are being required to have some went to Sudan and purchased two We want to make the flame work by flexibility, while still leaving intact slaves several years ago. which to have a treaty, by which to the very important requirement of The Sudanese Government Popular have an agreement, by which to work human rights. This is absolutely mak- Defense Force enslaved 18 women and out with Africa ways by which we can ing this bill work. Without it, this children during the slave raid on four do trade that respects Africa and re- would be an onerous piece of legisla- villages. spects the guiding principles of this tion that might make it very difficult country. b 1445 for the countries to even participate. Mr. Chairman, I reserve the balance Let me also add my support for her of my time. There is continued support from the Mr. ROYCE. Mr. Chairman, I rise in NIF as they continue to get predomi- amendment dealing with the African opposition to the amendment. nantly Christians and animists who Development Fund, certainly creating The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman live in the south and in the Nuba greater opportunities for small and me- from California (Mr. ROYCE) is recog- Mountains. dium-sized businesses to be engaged in nized for 10 minutes. I say that the fact that slavery is this trade bill, making it work for Mr. ROYCE. Mr. Chairman, before I still existing in these countries is an inner-city America and for minority speak in opposition to the amendment, abomination today. The ongoing ab- businesses throughout this Nation. I yield 3 minutes to the gentleman duction in northern Uganda, where Ms. WATERS. Mr. Chairman, I yield from New Jersey (Mr. PAYNE), my col- young people are taken into armies to myself the balance of my time. league on the Subcommittee on Africa, fight for the Liberation Army in the I believe all that has been said is all who wished to speak on the last north of Uganda, the LRA, should end. that can be said. This is not a com- amendment. And so I am glad that this issue has plicated amendment. What we do is Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Chairman, let me been raised in this very important bill. simply codify the intent of the bill to thank the chairman of our subcommit- I think as this bill moves forward, as allow for flexibility; to say that no tee for yielding me this time. we say it, it is not a perfect instru- country would have to be in absolute March 11, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H1067 strict compliance with every item that Mr. ROYCE. I yield to the gentle- Amendment No. 3 offered by Ms. WATERS: is required in the bill; that there could woman from California. In section 5 (Additional Authorities and In- be some recognition of countries that Ms. WATERS. One of the criticisms creased Flexibility to Provide Assistance are making every effort, of countries of the NGOs about this bill is precisely under the Development Fund For Africa), add the following at the end: that are working in ways that are ac- what we are trying to cure. This (e) FUNDING LEVELS.—Section 497 of the ceptable in forging a trade agreement amendment in no way allows anybody Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. with that country. to pick and choose anything. As a mat- 2294) is amended by adding at the end the fol- So I would ask that my colleagues ter of fact, the flexibility that is codi- lowing: ‘‘Amounts to carry this chapter for support the idea that this bill that we fied in this kind of amendment speaks each of fiscal years 1999 through 2007 shall be have before us today is the framework, to the responsibility of the President made available at not less than the amount it is the guidepost, it is the direction in negotiating the agreement, not to made available for such purpose for fiscal leading toward an agreement with Afri- countries to pick and choose. And this year 1998.’’. ca on trade. We want to be as fair as we bill in no way allows that to happen. The CHAIRMAN. Pursuant to House can possibly be. We do not want to be The intent that the gentleman de- Resolution 383, the gentlewoman from overly harsh. We do not want to be scribed is the intent that I have cap- California (Ms. WATERS) and a Member overly punitive. We do not want to do tured in language to satisfy the criti- opposed each will control 10 minutes. anything that will interfere with their cisms and the objections of some who The Chair recognizes the gentle- ability to really get involved with do not wish to vote for this bill because woman from California (Ms. WATERS). trade in ways that will benefit them they do not understand that implicit in Ms. WATERS. Mr. Chairman, I yield and their people. the bill is that kind of flexibility. myself such time as I may consume. I think that we do not know every- I would suggest to the gentleman Mr. Chairman, this amendment thing and we are not always as wise as that we are basically saying the same achieves an important goal of support- we would like to be. We come up with thing, and that if we are interested in ers of development assistance for Afri- the best ideas that we can when we try not only helping to communicate this ca. This amendment sets a floor for ap- and forge these agreements. And rec- to those who have some concerns but propriations of not less than the fund- ognizing that, let us allow for this ensuring that we do not have the kind ing year levels for the crucial monies flexibility so we do not make the kinds of legislation that would be misread or that have historically made up the De- of mistakes that are not easily cor- be misimplemented in ways that will velopment Fund for Africa. The rected. take all of the requirements and strict- amount appropriated for these pur- Mr. ROYCE. Mr. Chairman, I yield ly review them and strictly hold them poses for funding year 1998 is $700 mil- myself such time as I may consume. to a certain kind of standard, then I lion. We have put a lot of time in in think there is no need to oppose this This amendment achieves this goal crafting this bill, and I understand simple amendment. by amending section 497 of the Foreign what the gentlewoman is trying to ac- As a matter of fact, I really do be- Assistance Act to specify that the complish here, but I want to make a lieve that the gentleman would gain amounts to carry this chapter for each couple of points. fiscal year from 1999 to 2007 shall be at The bill does not now require compli- friends and votes by simply codifying the intent that the gentleman de- least the amount funded for fiscal year ance with each criteria, which rep- 1998. resent at any rate general guidelines scribed. Mr. ROYCE. Mr. Chairman, reclaim- As I attempted to describe in the last and are not specific in the sense of amendment, we have criticisms that quantifiable percentages or levels of ing my time, I will close and respond have come from many nongovern- compliance. The criteria call for coun- by saying that I guess partly it is a mental organizations who have spent tries to make, as we say, and let me question of perspective. From the per- years working on the question of Afri- quote, ‘‘continual progress toward es- spective that many of us who have ca. I recognize that some of the work tablishing a market-based economy’’ worked on the bill have, the bill itself that is being done today by opponents relative to the 12 items listed in the gives that flexibility. The bill itself and proponents of this bill is work that bill. says, as I said, ‘‘continual progress to- The application of the criteria have wards establishing a market-based is new to them, and that they do not been left somewhat vague, even though economy’’ relative to 12 different bring with them the same kind of his- the parameters are specific. The inten- items. torical background and perspective on tion is to reward nations that are mak- So in our view it is general guidelines Africa as some of the nongovernmental ing progress without requiring they that are in the bill itself at this time. organizations who have spent years meet a specific target. However, it is We have a difference of perspective, but working on these kinds of questions. expected that nations will make a let me just close at this time and And so when I advance this amend- good-faith effort to address all the con- thank the gentlewoman from Califor- ment, I advance it because of concerns cerns expressed as participation cri- nia for bringing her concerns to us. about what are we doing. Are we sim- teria. The CHAIRMAN. The question is on ply trying to undermine the support To delete the need to address them the amendment offered by the gentle- that we give to Africa with trade that all says that they can do well in some woman from California (Ms. WATERS). will take some time to realize? Are we areas and absolutely ignore others. The question was taken; and the committed to the proposition that they This would be our concern. Would we Chairman announced that the noes ap- deserve to have assistance and that be satisfied in seeing nations partici- peared to have it. that assistance should not in any way pate in this process if they made re- Ms. WATERS. Mr. Chairman, I de- be eliminated or diminished or re- forms in governance but failed to re- mand a recorded vote. duced; that we should be going forward, form human rights? Would we find it The CHAIRMAN. Pursuant to House not only from the base that was estab- acceptable to accept a nation that Resolution 383, further proceedings on lished last year, but we should increase made changes in tax laws but refused the amendment offered by the gentle- it? As a matter of fact, the President to honor the rule of law? woman from California (Ms. WATERS) has an increase in his budget for it. So let me explain our concerns, and will be postponed. Mr. Chairman, I would ask my col- that is, by waiving the need to deal It is now in order to consider amend- leagues for an ‘‘aye’’ vote. with all the criteria, we would encour- ment No. 3 printed in part II of House Mr. Chairman, I reserve the balance age African nations to pick and choose Report 105–431. of my time. what reforms they will address, which AMENDMENT NO. 3 OFFERED BY MS. WATERS Mr. ROYCE. Mr. Chairman, I yield could result in their failing to take ad- Ms. WATERS. Mr. Chairman, I offer myself such time as I may consume, vantage of potentially valuable oppor- an amendment. and I rise in opposition to this amend- tunity. That is why I speak in opposi- The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will des- ment. tion, Mr. Chairman. ignate the amendment. Mr. Chairman, I yield 3 minutes to Ms. WATERS. Mr. Chairman, will the The text of the amendment is as fol- the gentleman from Washington State gentleman yield? lows: (Mr. MCDERMOTT). H1068 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 11, 1998 Mr. McDERMOTT. Mr. Chairman, I gests one of those positive components. costs will be lower. They are lower must say that I rise with mixed feel- It is not perfect and there are pitfalls. than anybody else, and they will be ings about this, because when I started We must not fall into the trap of competing with these countries that in this process some years ago, it was throwing away programs that work as have taken trade away already. with a concern for the fact that many we move to initiate new components. If we are not going to try to balance people were talking about we had to The development needs our continued out things and take some trade back end aid toward Africa, and I strongly support. Instead of allowing any de- from Mexico and China, then at least oppose ending aid for Africa. There are crease in our commitment, we should let Africa into the game. And right many countries for whom it is an inte- work towards expansions and in- across the board, we have a great deal gral part of their ability to respond and creases. to gain because Africa is one of the last grow and become democracies and par- I cannot emphasize too much the fact great markets in the world. We have a ticipate in the other provisions of this that Africa has not only been left be- billion dollars in exports to Africa bill. So in no way do I want aid to Afri- hind by the U.S. trade and assistance right now. We can greatly increase ca to be cut at this point. programs, it has been left out of any that. Let us not be dogmatic. Let us It was really with that in mind I significant involvement. Africa has not vote for a bill which opens up the play- started to talking to the gentleman enjoyed the kind of general recognition ing field for Africa. from Illinois (Mr. CRANE). This amend- that we have shown to Mexico or China Mr. Chairman, I rise in strong support of ment does something I think which is, or Indonesia. No country in Africa has H.R. 1432, the ``Africa Growth and Opportunity while laudable in intent, I think not its hands out for a 40 to $50 billion bail- Act.'' H.R. 1432 would authorize a new trade good public policy, and that is it sets out from the United States and Inter- and investment policy toward the countries of in law an entitlement for Africa which national Monetary Fund. Do not cut sub-Saharan Africa. It is not a perfect bill; I do not think makes good sense. off one hand to Africa while we offer it however, it represents a positive, historic, comprehensive effort to reach out to the con- b 1500 another hand. Levels of this kind as proposed by tinent of Africa and enhance and share in its We meet here every 2 years. We vote this amendment are often set in legis- vast economic possibilities. Africa, the mother on budgets. We go over these issues. lation without being accused of seeking of civilization, the victim of imperialism, and And the appropriation or the author- entitlement status. We should under- the beholder of natural riches, is the last re- ization committee, which is the Com- stand the difference between principles gion virtually ignored by U.S. trade policy. Its mittee on International Relations, sets and dogma. There are certain kinds of acceptance into the world trade arena, spear- a level for foreign aid and then the principles we want to continue to sup- headed by the United States, is long overdue. Committee on Appropriations consid- port. I certainly wholeheartedly sup- The arguments against opening up U.S. trade ers that authorization and decides port the principles established by the policy to Africa pale in comparison to the eco- what is an appropriate amount. I think informal caucus against the fast track nomic, social, moral and historic reasons for that that is the appropriate way that caucus last November. But the prin- supporting the bill. Unequivocally, we must we ought to do that. ciples there need to be looked at as admit Africa to the world trade playing field. I think that to say to put a number principle and not as dogma. Let us not Contrary to the argument made by oppo- amount in here and say that that is get into the ceremony of opposing all nents of the bill, H.R. 1432 will not harm the how much ought to go to Africa, put- trade bills just because they are trade domestic textile industry. Research has shown ting it out for 9 years into the future, bills. that workers in the U.S. textile industry will not is a little bit more crystal-balling than Africa needs to have a chance; it be displaced by workers in the African textile I think makes sense. I really think needs to be put on the playing field. If industry. In fact, should there be any loss of that the gentleman from California we look at the statistics, we will find jobs, it will occur in those countries that have (Mr. ROYCE) has been a very good sup- that Africa, as opposed to China or already suffered a loss of jobs because of an porter of this bill and of this whole Mexico or South Korea or Hong Kong, expansion of trade opportunities to those process of aid for Africa. And I do not in a very sensitive area like textiles, it areas. The countries most likely to be hurt by think there is any reason to put this is way, way behind. Africa's imminent trading status with the U.S. kind of thing in this bill. Less than .6 percent allowed textiles are those which already export the largest per- I think, if anything, it makes people came from Africa last year, while centage of textiles to the U.S.: Mexico, China, unwilling to vote for it. I do not want China is way up there with Mexico and Taiwan, and Hong Kong. In 1996, Mexican to lose the support of many who are they have all the advantages. China, textile imports represented 11.57% of total tex- supporting aid and trade. I do not want which, of course, has no organized tile imports. In addition, textile imports from to split them off and say they just labor laws, and China is quite ruthless China represented 8.63% of total imports. want to go for trade, and they want to in the way they handle their trade. Moreover, imports from Taiwan represented get rid of aid. I want to keep them in They have 8.6 percent of our textile im- 6.31% of total U.S. textile imports. On the the tent. And I think that the impor- ports. Mexico has 11.5 percent. Mexico other hand, imports from sub-Saharan Africa tant thing, then, is not to take this is right across the border. How can we represent a paltry 0.67%. The point is clear: particular issue, and put it in this bill compare competition between Mexico The fear that the African textile industry will at this time. For that reason, I would and the textile industries in this coun- benefit economically at the expense of the have to oppose this amendment. try versus Africa, which has whole U.S. textile industry is unfounded. Mexico is Ms. WATERS. Mr. Chairman, I yield oceans between us and the . more to blame for a loss of U.S. jobs in the 4 minutes to the gentleman from New Let me just point out that in sub-Sa- textile industry. And no matter how sweet the York (Mr. OWENS). haran Africa, all the countries of sub- trade deal with Africa is, the continent will not Mr. OWENS. Mr. Chairman, I rise in Sahara Africa and together, as I said be able to compete fairly with our bordering strong support of the amendment and before, have less than .6 percent of our neighbor, Mexico. in support of passage of this bill. This textile trade. The per capita income of Again, it must be reiterated that Sub-Saha- Africa Growth and Opportunity Act is these countries is way down, around ran Africa does not have the capacity to com- not a fast track trade bill. It does not $400 a year, $400 a year; while per cap- pete with any industries in the U.S. No Amer- hand out great advantages to compet- ita income of Taiwan, which has 8.6 ican workers will lose jobs as a result of this ing economies. It does not hand out ad- percent of the trade, is way up at bill. In the area of textiles, Africa's lower vantages to nations that prosper by $12,000 a year. wages may take business away from China or ruthlessly exploiting their own people. If there are going to be any offsets, if Mexico or Hong Kong, but not from the United This is a slow track bill that is long Africa is going to take away any of the States. overdue. This is a bill which places Af- textile business from anybody, it is H.R. 1432 deserves the support of all mem- rica on the playing field of world trade. going to be in these countries that are bers and components of the Caring Majority. Africa has not only been left behind, already outside the United States and The labor community should lend their support Africa has been left out. This is a com- already have taken jobs from our tex- to this unique piece of legislation. Expanding prehensive bill with many positive tile workers. They are going to under- trade in any area, including Africa, has been components, and this amendment sug- bid these countries because their labor opposed by this community because of a fear March 11, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H1069 that countries with weaker labor and environ- But regardless of that, we are facing with respect to the International Mon- mental laws than the U.S. will undermine the this issue here today; and for the first etary Fund. We are about to be asked availability of jobs here in the America. I want time in history, what we are saying is to vote $18 billion more into the fund. to make a special appeal to those who stood that we are going to give one country, We have a lot of money in there al- in solidarity with me against the ``fast track'' one area of the world, a floor as to the ready. There is a limitation on the trade legislative process last fall: Africa must amount of money any Congress in the amount of money we put in this. be given a chance to demonstrate its commit- future can appropriate. And that, my Mr. CALLAHAN. Reclaiming my ments to fair labor laws and to the develop- colleagues, is absolutely wrong and time, this Congress has the ability to ment of internationally accepted environmental certainly a precedent we do not want make this decision on the Inter- standards. China has no organized labor laws, to set. national Monetary Fund, but we do not and it is quite ruthless in its treatment of Chi- At the request of the gentlewoman commit to future Congresses. I mean, nese citizens. Yet, it is the country that is able from California, among others, last what if we came to the Congress, we to secure regularly Most-Favored-Nation trad- year, they came to me, as did the said we need $3 billion for the Inter- ing status. President, and said, we would like to national Monetary Fund and said, we The principles we all enunciated against have $700 million for sub-Saharan Afri- are going to do it for the next 10 years. ``fast track'' trade legislation remain sound and ca. We did that. We complied with your Mr. OWENS. Is there a ceiling on the necessary; however, we must not allow our request then. But to obligate me or amount we put into the International principles to degenerate into the dogma of a this Congress for 9 years into the fu- Monetary Fund? Do we stop some- religion. We must not begin to oppose all ture is something that is very, very where? trade opportunities blindly and ceremoniously. rare and unique and unprecedented, as Mr. CALLAHAN. We are talking This is true especially of those trade bills ap- I have said. about floors, an unprecedented amend- plied to desperately poor countries in Africa Let me give an example. Latin Amer- ment being introduced in this House. and the Caribbean. Our goal is justice and a ica, which is our closest neighbor and I urge my colleagues to vote against decent standard of living for workers and com- our greatest trade potential and ally, it. mon people all over the world. At the hands of only gets $293 million; and there are ef- Mr. OWENS. I thank the gentleman. European and American powers, Africa has forts being made to even reduce that. Ms. WATERS. Mr. Chairman, how been made to suffer for centuries. It is impor- So what we are saying, if we impose much time is remaining on both sides? tant now to support opportunity in Africa. this $700 million floor on the amount of The CHAIRMAN. The gentlewoman H.R. 1432 helps correct a situation where money we can give to any country or from California (Ms. WATERS) has 4 trade and assistance to Africa has been MIAÐ any nation, regardless of what activi- minutes remaining, and the gentleman missing in action. I cannot emphasize too ties are taking place at that time in from California (Mr. ROYCE) has 31⁄2 much the fact that Africa has not only been the future, we are going to have to minutes remaining. left behind by the U.S. trade and assistance take money away from Latin America Ms. WATERS. Mr. Chairman, I yield programs, it has been left out of any signifi- to do it. to myself such time as I may consume. cant involvement. Africa has not enjoyed the All countries of the world recognize Mr. Chairman, this is a very impor- generosity we have shown to Mexico, China that we have limited resources for for- tant and enlightening debate, and this and Indonesia. No country in Africa has its eign policy. Even the State of Israel is precisely what I wanted to happen. I hands out for a $40 to $50 billion bailout from has come to us and said, we recognize wanted to hear arguments against a the U.S. and the International Monetary Fund. your problems; we recognize your limi- kind of real commitment to ongoing It is high time for alarmists to put H.R. 1432 tation, and they have made a bold ini- funding for Africa and sub-Saharan Af- in its proper perspective. It is not a fast track tiative to come to us and tell us they rica. Of course, it is easy to talk about trade bill which hands out great advantages to recognize our plight and that they are other countries who may be indicating competing economies or to nations that pros- requesting that we begin to downsize that somehow they are sensitive to the per by ruthlessly exploiting their own people. It our economic support for them. problems of our country and they is not the billion dollar budget buster or bailout So in the middle of our session here, would like to do something to be help- swindle for Africa. It is not a fat check from the second session of this Congress, we are ful. U.S. Treasury to underwrite Africa's economic going to say to the next Congress, you Sub-Saharan Africa has been the policies that will injure working people in guys have to do this. We do not care stepchild of appropriations from this America. Those benefits have already accrued what is taking place there now. We do country in relationship to their needs to other countries. H.R. 1432 is a slow track not care what the governments are and their numbers. While I appreciate bill that deserves our enthusiastic support. I doing there now. We do not care what what the gentleman did last year, and urge my colleagues to say ``YES'' to ``growth'' I hope the gentleman will do even bet- and ``opportunity'' for Africa. insurrection is taking place. No matter Mr. ROYCE. Mr. Chairman, I yield 4 what you do, here is a check for $700 ter this year. I want this debate to go minutes to the gentleman from Ala- million. forward. I want the debate to go forward be- bama (Mr. CALLAHAN), the chairman of Go back to your district, and ask the Subcommittee on Foreign Oper- your constituents if they believe we cause the NGOs who have been point- ations, Export Financing and Related ought to do that. We can go back and ing to the problems of this bill, point- Programs. we can justify today the $700 million ing to the problems that we have, as we (Mr. CALLAHAN asked and was we appropriated this year because try to be good advocates for Africa, I given permission to revise and extend progress is being made, and we are as- wanted them to know that there is his remarks.) sisting that nation. some of us who are committed to this Mr. CALLAHAN. Mr. Chairman, I But to obligate in this forum is not fight and committed to this struggle, thank the gentleman for yielding time only unconstitutional, as far as I am even in light of tough opposition and to me. concerned, it certainly is unprece- the kind of arguments that have been I rise in opposition to the amend- dented in the history of the country to raised by the chairman. ment of the gentlelady from California do such a thing for this period of time, I will not yield because this is the (Ms. WATERS), and rise in support of for such an extended period of time. only time that I am going to get to tell the statement made by the gentleman Mr. OWENS. Mr. Chairman, will the the Members publicly what I think from Washington. Never, to my recol- gentleman yield? about the way that Africa has been lection, can I ever find that this Con- Mr. CALLAHAN. I yield briefly to treated. gress or any other Congress in the his- the gentleman from New York. Those of us who have spent years, not tory of this country has ever mandated Mr. OWENS. Mr. Chairman, I would only trying to dismantle, get rid of with a floor of foreign appropriations like the gentleman to enlighten me. apartheid in South Africa, but those of to a foreign country. I think this is a When he said that if we have a floor us who have tried to give support to very dangerous precedence to begin to like this for one country or one set of places like Angola, where people on the obligate future Congresses. I think pos- countries, we would have to take it other side of the aisle were supporting sibly it might not even pass the con- from or somewhere Savimbi, and a country whose re- stitutional test. else, do we have the same situation sources have been drained because we H1070 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 11, 1998 were on the wrong side of history, just tempted to do something for our neigh- The amendment was rejected. as we were on the wrong side of history bors just to the south of us who do The CHAIRMAN. It is now in order to with Mobuto, countries that have been have the same similar problems of sub- consider amendment No. 4 printed in in desperate need of our help, yes, I Saharan Africa, she really jumped my Part II of House Report 105–431. want to send a signal that we are going case to the point that I had really no AMENDMENT NO. 4 OFFERED BY MS. WATERS available response to what she said. to give ongoing support for them. Ms. WATERS. Mr. Chairman, I offer So, yes, I created this debate about b 1515 an amendment. it. I am glad that the chairman rose to The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will des- the challenge. I am glad that the chair- She also has some problems in south- ern California that she ought to be ad- ignate the amendment. man described it in some of the ways dressing. While she is addressing all of The text of the amendment is as fol- that he did. I think the chairman is in- this $700 million for the next 9 years to lows: terested in giving ongoing support to Africa, why is she not protecting her Africa. Amendment No. 4 offered by Ms. WATERS: own district and saying that we are I am going to be asking him again, as In subsection (c) of section 6 (United going to have drug programs for the States-Sub-Saharan Africa Trade and Eco- many of us will be asking him again, to next 9 years? That, Mr. Chairman, is nomic Cooperation Forum), insert before the do even better, to meet the President’s the response to what I have to say period at the end of paragraph (1) the follow- mark with an increase for Africa. about this, to remind the gentlewoman ing: ‘‘, including encouraging joint ventures Yes, I know this sets out and identi- that I cannot do one thing one year and between small and large businesses’’. fies an amount for a period of time be- another thing the next year. The CHAIRMAN. Pursuant to House cause it puts the light on the need. It I am trying to comply with her wish- Resolution 383, the gentlewoman from sheds the light on a section of this es, trying to grant her the audience California (Ms. WATERS) and a Member world that we have not really paid at- and an appearance before our commit- opposed each will control 10 minutes. tention to. tee and trying to do everything we can The Chair recognizes the gentle- We can travel on all the CODELs we to give assistance to sub-Saharan Afri- woman from California (Ms. WATERS). want to, and we can go over and speak ca. At the same time, she must be fair Ms. WATERS. Mr. Chairman, I yield to all the heads of government, and tell in her debate. myself such time as I may consume. I them how much we love them. But if Mr. ROYCE. Mr. Chairman, I yield continue with discussion on this legis- you do not bring the resources, and you myself such time as I may consume. lation by way of amendment. do not bring the money, and you do not Let me close by noting that by ear- Mr. Chairman, I proudly stand before treat them the way you treat other marking a set level of spending for Af- this House as an advocate for Africa, countries, your words are shallow, and rica aid, we would take away the abil- but I proudly stand before this House they mean nothing. ity of Congress to discuss and debate So, yes, I dare to come to this floor for the next decade what the level of as an advocate for my district and for and challenge my colleagues to make a aid spending should be. Earmarking a my people. I do not take a back seat to strong commitment to Africa, put it in specific level of aid to Africa for 9 anybody when it comes to taking this the legislation, where we dare put do years also locks up dollars that re- floor or taking my place in committee you not have too much government quires the administration to go for- to talk about the needs of people in consumption, where you tell them to ward with a level of spending on Africa this country or people in other places privatize, where you tell them what that might be contrary to U.S. policy in the world. they will do with their land reforms. at some point during the next 9 years. As a matter of fact, not only do I ask If you are bold enough to dictate to The administration has consistently for money for Africa, I ask for money sub-Saharan Africa, how they should opposed setting minimum levels for re- for south central Los Angeles, I ask for control their country and take away gional accounts, including Asia, Africa money for Harlem, I ask for money for from them the right to guarantee the and Latin America. Philadelphia, I ask for money for St. things that protect and secure their Mr. Chairman, I will conclude by Louis, I ask for money for communities countries by not allowing investment making a couple of points that I think in this Nation and sections of this in some sectors, then I have the audac- need to be made. It makes no sense to world where I think resources should ity to tell you to come and put the authorize 9 years down the line. be directed. I do it without taking a money in the bill and guarantee it. Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. Mr. back seat to anybody. Mr. Chairman, I reserve the balance Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Do not forget, those of us who do this Mr. ROYCE. I yield to the gentle- of my time. are oftentimes referred to as those who The CHAIRMAN. The time of the woman from Texas. wish to tax and spend, as we would say. Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. I appre- gentlewoman from California (Ms. WA- And so anybody who has any mistakes ciate the gentleman’s perspective. Let TERS) has expired. about what my priorities are, let me me just add one point as he finishes his Mr. ROYCE. Mr. Chairman, I yield set them straight right now. I ask for remarks. 1 money for Africa and I ask for money 1 ⁄2 minutes to the gentleman from Ala- I think the distinction that we may bama (Mr. CALLAHAN) from the Sub- for Los Angeles and I ask for money for be trying to make here is the fact that other communities that I think are in committee on Foreign Operations, Ex- this has been done in a budget year, a need. port Financing, and Related Programs. balanced budget year, and the $700 mil- Having said that, let me also talk Mr. CALLAHAN. Mr. Chairman, I lion is within a balanced budget, and about what I have gone to the Commit- want to say that I have great respect sub-Saharan Africa has been light- tee on Appropriations for. There seems for the gentlewoman of California (Ms. years behind other continents in get- to be some belated debate about drugs. WATERS). But I recall about a year ago ting funding for economic develop- next month when I was trying to han- ment. I thank the gentleman for yield- In the Congressional Black Caucus dle the foreign operations bill giving ing. agenda that is published, the number sub-Saharan Africa $700 million that I Mr. ROYCE. But let me make the one priority is the eradication of drugs mentioned that the limited $293 mil- point, since this bill does not require a in this society. I, as Chair of the Con- lion we sent in Latin America created cutoff of aid to Africa, the aid floor is gressional Black Caucus, have gone to a peace; that there was no country in unnecessary in the bill. every appropriate Appropriations sub- this hemisphere at war. I will close by saying that the gen- committee to support an increase in As I recall, the gentlewoman from tleman from New York (Mr. GILMAN), the Drug Czar’s budget to make sure California jumped my case and chas- chairman of the Committee on Inter- we have money for prevention and edu- tised me for not giving that money to national Relations, opposes this cation and outreach and all of those Watts and not giving that money to amendment to the bill as well. I close, things. poverty areas who have drug problems. in opposition, with that argument. There is this funny little game that So I just want to remind the gentle- The CHAIRMAN. The question is on is going on now where some of the peo- woman from California that, while we the amendment offered by the gentle- ple on the other side of the aisle would gave the $700 million when we at- woman from California (Ms. WATERS). like to pretend that somehow they are March 11, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H1071 more for the eradication of drugs in you can encourage joint ventures be- country do what we have done in too our society than people on this side of tween large businesses, corporations, many places in Africa. This is about the aisle, and some attempts to under- and small businesses. That is essen- never ever having another Mobuto; this mine the Drug Czar. tially what this is all about. is about never ever having another That little game will not work. Ev- In the final analysis, these amend- Savimbi; this is about never ever see- erybody knows that those on the other ments are not tough amendments. ing another catastrophe in Rwanda side of the aisle, who have been with They are not complicated amendments. like we saw. the Just Say No policy for years, have They are not amendments that would This is about trying to get ahold of a done nothing, have accomplished noth- undo the bill. These amendments for direction for this country as it relates ing and have done nothing for the chil- the most part are clarifying amend- to Africa. This is about trying to be dren of this society, nor have they been ments. These amendments for the most fair in the dissemination of resources. about the business of prevention and part are good-faith amendments. These This is about respect. It is about say- education. amendments for the most part are ing to those heads of Africa, you have Having said that, with this bill and amendments that will show that those a voice, and while we want to help you, with this amendment, in an effort to of you who have little experience in Af- we are not going to run roughshod over try and make it a better bill, given all rica are willing to at least listen to you. that I have said and my concerns about some of the information and advice This is not about trying to open up the fact that there are requirements in that is coming from NGOs and those opportunities to go in and drill oil this legislation that you will see in no who have worked in Africa for many, without compensating. This is not other trade agreement, and I have many years. about trying to take out the diamonds looked at them all, including the Car- I would commend to you not only and the gold without compensating. ibbean Basin Initiative; and you have this amendment. Even though the This is about creating that debate at gone overboard in trying to dictate other amendment that I advanced was this moment, this time in history, that what the trade relationship will be just voted down and one is waiting for will give a direction to Africa that will with Africa in ways that it has not a vote when the votes will be taken up, never have us go back again, but move been done before, but I recognize many and even if this work does not get done forward with good will and with a con- of you who have worked on the bill while this bill is going through the science and get rid of the kind of poli- really do believe that you are doing the House, there will be attempts, if this cies we have had in the past on this right thing when you try to dictate bill passes, to continue to work to continent. land reform policies, and when you try make it a better bill. There will be at- The CHAIRMAN. The time of the tempts to continue to work on the Sen- to dictate how much money will be gentlewoman from California (Ms. WA- ate side to make this a better bill. spent by government on its own needs, TERS) has expired. And then there are other opportuni- Does any Member rise in opposition when you try to dictate that there will ties where attempts will be made. be no exclusion of any industries to in- to the amendment? Those opportunities lie with trying to Mr. ROYCE. Mr. Chairman, I am not vest in. I understand that. influence the President of the United But the amendment that I have opposed to the amendment, but I ask States when these kinds of agreements brought before you today that would unanimous consent to claim the time are forged. I say to you, in ways that allow some flexibility in the review in opposition. you perhaps do not understand when when these countries are being looked The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection you talk about Africa, Africa is not at was a simple amendment that sim- to the request of the gentleman from simply another place in the world for California? ply codified what you said your intent many of us. Whether you know it or was. This amendment that I have be- There was no objection. not, it is from whence we come. It is Mr. ROYCE. Mr. Chairman, I yield fore you at this moment goes beyond the land of my ancestors. It is a place myself such time as I may consume. simply allowing major corporations to that is as dear to me as Ireland is to Mr. Chairman, I have spoken pre- swoop into Africa with all of its money the Irish, as Israel is to the Jewish viously about my perception that this and do the kind of investments that community, as other places in the bill does allow flexibility. We do have others will not have an opportunity to country are to those whose families, concerns about equal access to U.S. compete with. whose histories emanate from those firms. And, yes, there are guidelines in This amendment that I have before countries. the bill regarding equal access to U.S. you will continue the debate, will force And so I do not speak about this sim- firms. But let us go to the subject of more conversation about what are the ply in an intellectual way and not sim- this amendment. best ways by which to have trade ply in a policy way in the tradition b agreements. In addition to that, it will that you understand. Yes, this is an 1530 encourage cooperation for joint ven- emotional issue with me, and even I applaud the gentlewoman from tures between large businesses and though we have members of the Con- California (Ms. WATERS) for this good small businesses. gressional Black Caucus who will stand amendment to the bill. We hear a lot in this Congress all the here in the finest tradition and try to Many Members have visited Africa time about how much we care about promote and be advocates on behalf of and have spoken with African and small business. You ask any person on Africa in ways that make you all com- American businesses, both large and the other side of the aisle on any given fortable, I really do not care if you get small, on the issue of U.S.-Africa trade. day of the week, and you will hear uncomfortable with my advocacy for Indeed, the gentlewoman and myself them talk about being advocates for Africa. It is a place that I hold dear. It were on a CODEL where we met with small business, we want to reduce the is part of my legislative agenda. It is a business interests across the continent taxes, do not want to support an in- place that I care about in ways that in Africa. It is entirely appropriate crease in the minimum wage, would perhaps you will never understand. that language be included to support like to do something with one-stop I do not think that you understand joint ventures between large and small shopping to make it possible for small that what I do for Africa, what I advo- businesses. So this is a good amend- businesses to get their licenses and cate for Africa comes from deep within ment and I support this amendment. other kinds of things without having to my heart. It is not a political game. It Mr. Chairman, I yield 2 minutes to go through bureaucracies, want to do is not about trying to send the message the gentleman from Washington (Mr. more in having subsidies and loans that perhaps ‘‘I’m okay, you’re okay.’’ HASTINGS) for a statement that he available to small businesses. This is serious business about saving a would like to make on the bill at this Let me tell you how you can help continent. This is serious business time. small businesses with this legislation. about being concerned about the re- Mr. HASTINGS of Washington. Mr. You can encourage in the conferences sources of Africa and what happens to Chairman, I thank the gentleman for that are dictated, the meetings, the ad- them. yielding. visory boards, all of those things where This is serious business about not I rise to express my concern over cer- you identify encouraging in this bill, having the United States or any other tain provisions in this bill. While we H1072 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 11, 1998 certainly support all of the efforts to trol equipment, including appropriate relat- tions systems exists in Africa. We expand trade between our Nation and ed reimbursable technical assistance for stand in a unique position as a world the rest of the world, we also must such equipment. leader in technology, and I believe that take action to ensure that the trade is The CHAIRMAN. Pursuant to House we have an obligation to help bridge not a one-way trade. Resolution 383, the gentleman from Il- the technology gap that exists between This bill outlines several criteria linois (Mr. DAVIS) and a Member op- our country and Africa. that the President must consider be- posed each will control 10 minutes. This amendment would be beneficial fore granting preferential trade status The Chair recognizes the gentleman to both of our countries, and I, there- to any Sub-Saharan African nation. from Illinois (Mr. DAVIS). fore, urge its immediate adoption. Specifically, the President must con- Mr. DAVIS of Illinois. Mr. Chairman, Mr. Chairman, I reserve the balance sider a country’s progress in reducing the amendment which I offer today of my time. tariffs on American products, eliminat- does not change the intent of this bill The CHAIRMAN pro tempore (Mr. in any way. Rather, it seeks to ensure ing other nontariff barriers to Amer- WICKER). Does any Member rise in op- that as we increase trade with Sub-Sa- ican imports, and abiding by inter- position to the amendment? haran African countries, we do so nationally accepted trading practices. Mr. ROYCE. Mr. Chairman, I ask knowing that the infrastructure for air Mr. Chairman, this bill is very clear unanimous consent to claim the time traffic is sound and safe. Therefore, that free and open trade ought to be in opposition to speak in favor of the this amendment expresses the sense of the goal of the administration in this amendment. Congress that the United States should country. Prohibitive actions against The CHAIRMAN pro tempore (Mr. make every effort to donate surplus U.S. products run counter to the intent WICKER). Is there objection to the re- traffic control equipment, including re- of this bill and, by definition, would quest of the gentleman from Califor- lated reimbursable technical equip- preclude those countries from being nia? ment, to eligible Sub-Saharan coun- granted preferential treatment under There was no objection. tries. The CHAIRMAN pro tempore (Mr. this bill. This amendment primarily does WICKER). The gentleman from Califor- A number of my constituents have three things. First, it reaffirms our nia (Mr. ROYCE) is recognized for 10 already attempted to pry open the commitment as the leader in tech- minutes. doors of African nations. In particular, nology to bridge the gap in technology Mr. ROYCE. Mr. Chairman, I yield our domestic apple, pear and peach pro- that currently exists in Sub-Saharan myself such time as I may consume to ducers and processors have on a num- African countries with regard to air make the point, cash-poor African gov- ber of occasions attempted to export traffic control equipment. Secondly, ernments must balance many needs for their products to South Africa. On each we seek to ensure that our planes and expenditures, and new air traffic con- occasion they have been rejected. Po- personnel traveling in African airspace trol equipment is not at the top of tential recipients should therefore be will be safe. Essentially, we are invest- their list. U.S. obsolete equipment is put on notice: Any effort to continue ing in the infrastructure of our trading not obsolete for smaller, less busy Afri- to block access to U.S. products vio- partner. Finally, this amendment in- lates the provisions of this bill and creases the communication between can airports, and therefore this is a would preclude receiving the benefits our two nations. good amendment to the bill. We sup- of this proposal. Currently, the International Federa- port this amendment. I and my colleagues from the North- tion of Airline Pilots Association and Mr. Chairman, I yield back the bal- west will certainly be monitoring the others have declared that the majority ance of my time. administration’s implementation of of airspace over Africa is critically de- Mr. DAVIS of Illinois. Mr. Chairman, this bill. We expect the administration ficient in air traffic control. Moreover, I yield such time as she may consume to abide by the eligibility factors con- pilots have stated that the deficiencies to the gentlewoman from Florida (Ms. tained in this bill, and we will continue such as lack of radars, no VHF radio BROWN). to work closely with the U.S. Trade coverage, inconsistencies in air traffic Ms. BROWN of Florida. Mr. Chair- Representative to ensure that all trade control, and sparse meteorological in- man, I want to say that I am a strong with Sub-Saharan Africa is both free formation, have contributed to Africa’s supporter of the African Growth and and fair for U.S. producers, processors poor safety record. In fact, according Opportunity Act. For many years we and consumers. to recent articles, in much of the un- have worked to bring Africa to the Mr. ROYCE. Mr. Chairman, I support controlled airspace pilots generally world table with trade and economic this amendment, and I yield back the provide their own form of air traffic development, and today will be an his- balance of my time control from the cockpit by broadcast- torical day for our country. I also want The CHAIRMAN. The question is on ing their next position in hopes that to commend President Clinton for his the amendment offered by the gentle- crews from other aircraft will be lis- upcoming trip to Africa, where he will woman from California (Ms. WATERS). tening. be the first sitting United States Presi- The amendment was agreed to. In 1996, the International Airline Pi- dent to visit Africa to promote rela- The CHAIRMAN. It is now in order to lots Association reported that there tions and trade. consider amendment No. 5 printed in were 77 near-midair collisions in the Many Americans are descendents of Part II of House Report 105–431. African airspace. Thirty of the 77 near- slaves brought here from Africa. In AMENDMENT NO.5 OFFERED BY MR. DAVIS OF midair collisions occurred over the fol- fact, it is estimated that 400 million ILLINOIS lowing Sub-Saharan countries: Cam- Africans died in the slave trade proc- Mr. DAVIS of Illinois. Mr. Chairman, eroon, Chad, Congo, Madagascar, Mau- ess. This bill is just a first step in re- I offer an amendment. ritania, Niger and Senegal. Most of the working our relationship with Africa. I The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will des- airspace north of Zimbabwe is uncon- think it makes an incredible statement ignate the amendment. trolled, with little radar and no VHF to finally establish a positive economic The text of the amendment is as fol- radio coverage. cooperation between this country and lows: As trade has increased in Africa with Africa, and we must take this oppor- Amendment No. 5 offered by Mr. DAVIS of the lifting of apartheid sanctions in tunity to do it. Illinois: South Africa, air traffic has increased Infrastructure is a key component of At the end add the following: 120 percent in some parts of Africa. economic growth and development, and SEC. 18. DONATION OF OBSOLETE AIR TRAFFIC However, during this period of growth it is the country’s vision for economic CONTROL EQUIPMENT TO ELIGIBLE the aviation infrastructure has re- success. As a member of the Committee SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAN COUNTRIES. mained the same or deteriorated. This on Transportation and Infrastructure, I It is the sense of the Congress that, to the have seen this in our own country. extent appropriate, the United States Gov- has led to a situation where the safety ernment should make every effort to donate of aircraft flying in the region may be I support the Davis amendment be- to governments of sub-Saharan African seriously compromised. cause it is critical that these countries countries (determined to be eligible under Clearly, the need for better air traffic have the proper equipment with which section 4 of this Act) obsolete air traffic con- control equipment and communica- to grow. Our excess air traffic control March 11, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H1073 equipment and technical assistance in tries or the region listed in paragraph (2) as clear: Undertake sustained economic this area could be very beneficial to eligible to participate in programs, projects, reform and trade liberalization poli- these countries. or activities, or receive assistance or other cies, and we will trade with you, and This bill and this amendment is the benefits under this Act if the President de- you will benefit. termines that the country or region other- first of what I hope are many steps to- wise meets the requirements of this section In fact, Mr. Chairman, this message ward developing economic and political and that the designation is in the national is so important I think it should not be relationships with Africa. It will give interest of the United States. Any country or lost on the countries of . these African countries an opportunity region so designated shall be deemed to be an That is why this Member, along with to expand their economic and political eligible country in sub-Saharan Africa under the distinguished gentleman from New potential through a strong link with subsection (a) for purposes of this Act if, York (Mr. SOLOMON), have proposed the United States. within 1 year after such designation, a law is this amendment covering Morocco. It Mr. DAVIS. Mr. Chairman, I yield enacted approving the designation. still, of course, would permit the Presi- (2) COUNTRIES.—The countries referred to such time as he may consume to the in paragraph (1) and Mauritania, Morocco, dent to make a determination that this gentleman from New Jersey (Mr. Algeria, , and Tunisia, and the region is in our national interests, that they PAYNE). referred to is the region of meet the criteria, it would still come Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Chairman, let me northwest Africa. to Congress for approval. Our amend- commend the gentleman from Illinois The CHAIRMAN pro tempore (Mr. ment simply permits that. (Mr. DAVIS) for his amendment. I have WICKER). Pursuant to House Resolution Mr. Chairman, it is clear to this traveled extensively in Africa by land, 383, the gentleman from Nebraska (Mr. Member that there is really no valid by rail, by air, and by sea. As we are BEREUTER) and a Member opposed each reason to exclude Morocco from the developing infrastructure in Africa, I will control 10 minutes. scope of this act. For example, there think that it is essential and impor- The Chair recognizes the gentleman are many sub-Saharan countries with tant that as we move towards Africa from Nebraska (Mr. BEREUTER). per capita incomes higher than that of into the area of trade and development MODIFICATION TO AMENDMENT OFFERED BY MR. Morocco, which desperately needs the and growth, that we need to take a BEREUTER direction provided by this act. look at the infrastructure. Mr. BEREUTER. Mr. Chairman, I Secondly, since the 1990s, the Moroc- In the bill there are dollars that are have a modification, and I ask unani- can government has pursued economic set aside through OPIC to deal with the mous consent that the Clerk be per- reform programs supported by the IMF infrastructure, to improve the roads mitted to read the modification to the and the World Bank. It has restrained and the ports. But I do not think any- amendment and that the amendment spending, revised the tax system, re- thing could be more important than to be so modified. formed the banking system, lifted im- shore up the air traffic control. The CHAIRMAN pro tempore (Mr. port restrictions and lowered tariffs. We have members of our FAA that WICKER). The Clerk will report the Also, Mr. Chairman, let me say that travel around the world to certify air- modification to the amendment offered the Congressional Budget Office has de- ports. Several airports in Africa are by the gentleman from Nebraska (Mr. termined that our amendment has no not certified, in particular the airport BEREUTER). direct effect on revenues because any in Lagos, Nigeria. The Clerk read as follows: future eligibility designation would re- We are here saying that there should Amendment offered by Mr. Bereuter, quire implementing legislation. be standards so that air safety is se- as modified: Mr. Chairman, I yield such time as he cure. There should be standards so that Add at the end of section 4 the following: may consume to the gentleman from (e) DESIGNATION OF MOROCCO.—The Presi- air transport can be moved. I have New York (Mr. SOLOMON). traveled on charter planes and other dent may designate Morocco as eligible to Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, I kinds of aircraft, and I would like to participate in programs, projects, or activi- ties, or receive assistance or other benefits thank the gentleman for yielding to say that the Davis amendment will go under this Act if the President determines me. far to shore up and improve the air that Morocco otherwise meets the require- I will not take the committee’s time, transportation in these countries ments of this section and that the designa- since we are under time constraints which is so essential for communica- tion is in the national interest of the United now to get out at a reasonable hour to- tions. States. If so designated, Morocco shall be night. Let me just concur with the re- So I once again commend the gen- deemed to be an eligible country in sub-Sa- marks of the gentleman from Nebraska haran Africa under subsection (a) for pur- tleman from Illinois for his amend- (Mr. BEREUTER). Morocco has been such ment and urge support for the Davis poses of this Act, if, within 1 year after such designation, a law is enacted approving the a strong ally and such a stabilizing amendment. designation. force in that part of the world that we Mr. DAVIS. Mr. Chairman, I have no The CHAIRMAN pro tempore (Mr. wanted to make sure they were in- further requests for time, and I yield cluded in this legislation. WICKER). Is there objection to the back the balance of my time, and urge I commend the gentleman and I modification to the amendment offered adoption of this amendment. thank the very distinguished chairman by the gentleman from Nebraska (Mr. The CHAIRMAN. The question is on of the Committee on International Re- the amendment offered by the gen- BEREUTER)? There was no objection. lations for his support, as well as the tleman from Illinois (Mr. DAVIS). gentleman from New Jersey. The amendment was agreed to. Mr. BEREUTER. Mr. Chairman, I yield myself such time as I may con- Mr. BEREUTER. Mr. Chairman, I The CHAIRMAN pro tempore (Mr. yield 2 minutes to the gentleman from WICKER). It is now in order to consider sume. Mr. Chairman, this simply nar- rows the scope of the original amend- New York (Mr. GILMAN). amendment No. 6 printed in Part II of (Mr. GILMAN asked and was given House Report 105–31. ment to include Morocco. I would like to take this opportunity to thank the permission to revise and extend his re- AMENDMENT NO.6 OFFERED BY MR. BEREUTER distinguished gentleman from Illinois marks.) Mr. BEREUTER. Mr. Chairman, I and all of his leading cosponsors for in- Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Chairman, I rise in offer an amendment. strong support of the Bereuter and Sol- The CHAIRMAN pro tempore (Mr. troducing this important legislation. There is not a better time than on omon amendment to provide for the WICKER). The Clerk will designate the the eve of the President’s visit to Afri- possibility of including Morocco in the amendment. ca to send an important message to African Growth and Opportunity Act, The text of the amendment is as fol- and I want to commend the distin- lows: many countries of Africa that we want them as trade partners, and that we are guished chairman of our Subcommittee Amendment No. 6 offered by Mr. BEREU- going to be assisting them in that re- on Asia and the Pacific, the gentleman TER: spect. from Nebraska (Mr. BEREUTER), and Add at the end of section 4 the following: our distinguished chairman of the (e) DESIGNATION OF ADDITIONAL COUNTRIES b 1545 AND A REGION IN AFRICA.— Committee on Rules, the gentleman (1) AUTHORITY OF THE PRESIDENT.—The The message this legislation sends to from New York (Mr. SOLOMON), for President may designate any of the coun- governments of the country of Africa is their work on this measure. H1074 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 11, 1998 As currently written, the bill in- when finally sub-Saharan Africa has a Mr. Chairman, I would say to my dis- cludes only sub-Saharan African na- bill that might start to have some tinguished colleague with whom I serve tions, but there is no reason why Mo- trading benefit. with on the Committee on Inter- rocco in North Africa should not be Mr. BEREUTER. Mr. Chairman, will national Relations, he is at a bit of a part of the legislation. Morocco has the gentleman yield? disadvantage. We had modified this, been a strong ally to our Nation for Mr. PAYNE. I yield to the gentleman and he was not aware of it, earlier. many years, and under the leadership from Nebraska. I would also say that we do not want of King Hassan, Morocco has played a Mr. BEREUTER. Mr. Chairman, I to change the criteria for Morocco. constructive role in the Arab-Israeli thank the gentleman for yielding for a They have to meet the same qualifica- peace process and numerous other for- clarification. tions. The President must actually eign policy priorities of our Nation. I wanted the gentleman to know that make a certification that they meet In addition, Morocco has taken sig- the modification that I made restricted them, and then it must come to the nificant steps towards democracy, to- the amendment to Morocco. It does not Congress, unlike all of the other sub- ward market economics, and respect include Egypt or other North African Saharan African countries that are for human rights. Indeed, it is a model countries. named in the bill. There is another step Nation for the entire African region. Mr. PAYNE. That certainly eases it a we have added. Accordingly, I fully support the amend- bit. I think also in this bill, we are I would also say to the gentleman ment, and I urge my colleagues to do talking about governance; that the this: This legislation, which is, I think, the same. countries, the five or six that will be the outstanding foreign policy legisla- Mr. BEREUTER. I thank the distin- selected have to go through elections. tion this Congress will see, is not a guished chairman, and I reserve the We are saying that there cannot be zero sum game. If, in fact, Morocco is balance of my time, Mr. Chairman. human rights abuses. We are saying deemed eligible by the President and The CHAIRMAN pro tempore. Does that there has to be transparency in the Congress then agrees, it is not at the gentleman from New Jersey (Mr. government. We are saying that there the loss of sub-Saharan countries. It PAYNE) claim the time in opposition? must be elections that are going on in should be open to all who meet the Mr. PAYNE. Yes, I do, Mr. Chairman. these countries, or they do not fit into qualifications, because we benefit from The CHAIRMAN pro tempore. The the first round. it, and it is not a zero sum game for Af- gentleman from New Jersey (Mr. It is simply like NATO expansion. rican countries. PAYNE) is recognized for 10 minutes. There are three countries that are Beyond that, it is important to con- Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Chairman, I yield going to be selected in NATO expan- sider this. It is a delicate matter, but I myself such time as I may consume. sion. You have the Czech Republic, you think it is important that we not give Mr. Chairman, I rise in opposition to have Poland, you have the third coun- the impression that race or religion this amendment. I think it is utterly try in the NATO expansion, Hungary. has anything to do with respect to this preposterous that we have before us It is those countries, because they have legislation. the African Growth and Opportunity proven that they are moving in the Many of the border nations have peo- Act bill with the specific intent of right direction. ple of several races, ethnic groups, and helping countries in sub-Saharan Afri- There are still allegations of people religions, so they are already incor- ca, and there are certain eligibility re- being tortured, and the abuses of de- porated. I understand that this legisla- quirements that are outlined in the tainees, and prison conditions, even in tion was careful and sensitive in that bill, which many of the countries in Morocco. The government’s use of force respect. But I did want the gentleman to know that all of these protections North Africa do not fit in. to dispel student protesters in Casa- are there. In fact, there is an addi- The fact that North Africa was sepa- blanca in January and February re- tional set of protections before Mo- rated from Africa was not done by Afri- sulted in many human rights viola- rocco could come in, but to close off can-Americans, but it was done by the tions. There have been continued that part of Africa, I think, is the West. During World War II we talked delays in elections, and at the time wrong message. about North Africa, and post-World when the United Nations is finally at- So I hope the gentleman might re- War II it was referred to as North Afri- tempting to broker an agreement be- consider when he understands the addi- ca. At one time we had Asia Minor. It tween Morocco and western Sahara, tional steps we have taken to make became the . the report that came back this week by sure it is not overextended or there is How all of a sudden do we now deter- former Secretary James Baker and no free ride. I thank the gentleman for mine that North Africa should be a Representative Dunbar states that Mo- listening. part of sub-Saharan Africa, when rocco has stalled the process again just Mr. Chairman, I reserve the balance throughout our modern history North last week. So I say, in conclusion, that of my time. Africa was North Africa; not that they we are sending the wrong message if we Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Chairman, I yield wanted it, but that was what the West start to alter sub-Saharan Africa. myself such time as I may consume. said it was, and therefore they accept- If this occurred a decade ago, that Let me just reiterate, Mr. Chairman, ed it? Now, finally, something to help would be fine, because then sub-Saha- I appreciate the clarification, the fact sub-Saharan Africa, 700 million people, ran Africa could have been brought that the $2 billion that Egypt is get- 50 countries. We have always heard into the benefits that Northern Africa ting, that it will not be part of this sub-Saharan Africa referred to as sub- has. But I think it is wrong that we all bill. Saharan Africa. of a sudden start this. That is simply I still contend that if we are going to We know that if you take aid to Afri- like calling a new government, Benin, deal with sub-Saharan Africa, that has ca, if you add the Middle East, then Af- Liberia and Togo, part of the Newly been the forgotten area. The only time rica would have the greatest amount of Independent States of central Europe. we dealt with sub-Saharan Africa was aid, because $3 billion goes to Israel, $2 They are not. They are newly inde- in the Cold War when we dealt with billion goes to Egypt, and if you add pendent States, but they do not qualify Mobutu, who now has left that country that to the $600 million that sub-Saha- for funds of the Newly Independent in such bad straits that even a new ran Africa gets, you would have $5.6 States in the former Soviet countries. government, a fledgling government, I billion. But we do not do that. We sepa- So I think when we do revisionary question whether the Kabila govern- rate sub-Saharan Africa, where you government, when we redefine, when ment will actually make it. And the have $1 a person when you take the 600 we define for the convenience of what fact that we have still a Civil War in or $700 million for the 700 million sub- we want, I think we move in a wrong Angola between Savimbi holding out, Saharan Africans, the poorest region in direction. and the dos Santos government, we the world. Mr. Chairman, I reserve the balance still have remnants of the Cold War, So all of a sudden along comes some- of my time. where we used Africa as a vehicle in thing positive, and we are saying that Mr. BEREUTER. Mr. Chairman, I that war. Egypt now, that gets $2 billion, that yield myself such time as I may con- I simply say it is time we try to cor- should be accorded the something, sume. rect those Cold War problems that we March 11, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H1075 created. I think this is a vehicle that the gentleman from Nebraska (Mr. BE- ings will now resume on those amend- we could do it with. I think it is too REUTER) and the gentleman from New ments on which further proceedings little. All of these fears that I hear of York (Mr. SOLOMON), that might be were postponed in the following order: organized labor, hundreds of thousands what they want to introduce, a North Amendment No. 2 offered by the gen- of textile jobs being lost, I just cannot African growth and development bill. I tlewoman from California (Ms. WA- believe that people would believe that would be as supportive of that bill as I TERS); modified form of amendment this first step would create that. I do know the gentlemen are of this. That No. 6 offered by the gentleman from not believe it will do that. I think it might be the solution. Nebraska (Mr. BEREUTER). will really just be a little drop in the Mr. BEREUTER. Mr. Chairman, if The Chair will reduce to 5 minutes bucket and a step in the right direc- the gentleman will continue to yield, I the time for any electronic vote after tion. cannot be any more supportive of this the first vote in this series. I still say, there are no kings in sub- legislation. I am an original cosponsor. AMENDMENT NO. 2 OFFERED BY MS. WATERS Saharan Africa. If we are going to have I think it is the most important for- The CHAIRMAN pro tempore. The elections, how can, therefore, govern- eign policy initiative the United States pending business is the demand for a ance be declared in Morocco when they has even ever taken in post-colonial recorded vote on the amendment of- do not elect their head of State? Right days with respect to Africa. It deserves fered by the gentlewoman from Califor- there it would seem to me to eliminate to be broadened. If the gentleman nia (Ms. WATERS) on which further pro- that country from this bill, because would like to add Tunisia by unani- ceedings were postponed and on which how do they have governance at that mous consent, I would be happy to re- the noes prevailed by voice vote. time? ceive it. The Clerk will redesignate the Mr. BEREUTER. Mr. Chairman, will Mr. PAYNE. If the gentleman is will- amendment. the gentleman yield? ing to introduce his legislation, I would The Clerk redesignated the amend- Mr. PAYNE. I yield to the gentleman be more than happy to at that time ment. from Nebraska. identify Tunisia as one of those that RECORDED VOTE Mr. BEREUTER. Mr. Chairman, in should have the opportunity. The CHAIRMAN pro tempore. A re- constitutional monarchies the mon- But once again, I just hope that my corded vote has been demanded. archs are never elected, but Morocco statement is clearly understood. It is A recorded vote was ordered. has an important, improving elected that it is pro sub-Saharan Africa. The CHAIRMAN pro tempore. Pursu- legislative body. Just last year they There is too little, too late at this ant to House Resolution 383, the Chair added a second Chamber, which is di- point. I just fear a dilution of this first announces he will reduce to a mini- rectly elected. So like Britain, like step that we are attempting to move mum of 5 minutes the period of time Denmark, like Norway, they are a con- forward. within which a vote by electronic de- stitutional monarchy, but of course Mr. Chairman, I yield back the bal- vice will be taken on the additional those bodies and Morocco has an elect- ance of my time. ed legislative body. amendment on which the Chair has b 1600 Mr. PAYNE. The difference, if I may postponed further proceedings. reclaim my time, Mr. Chairman, the Mr. BEREUTER. Mr. Chairman, I The vote was taken by electronic de- difference is in the countries that the yield myself such time as I may con- vice, and there were—ayes 81, noes 334, gentleman has explained where the leg- sume. not voting 15, as follows: islature has some authority. They are Just to reiterate, this legislation is [Roll No. 44] able, then, to have the will of the peo- not a zero sum game. Adding Morocco AYES—81 ple move forward. as a country, the President may con- Abercrombie Frank (MA) Millender- In the so-called constitutional mon- sider to meet all of the criteria, includ- Barrett (WI) Gejdenson McDonald archies that we find in other areas in ing human rights and everything else Berman Gephardt Miller (CA) Bishop Gutierrez Mink the Middle East and in the Far East, that is in the bill; to make a rec- Bonior Hastings (FL) Moran (VA) we do not find the legislature, as the ommendation that it is in our national Brown (CA) Hefner Nadler gentleman mentioned, they are moving interest to ask the Congress to approve Brown (FL) Hilliard Olver it is all this legislation does. It sets in Brown (OH) Hoyer Owens into the tier. In Europe they have been Campbell Jackson (IL) Pastor into that tier for decades, for cen- place a requirement that Congress take Carson Jackson-Lee Payne turies. action. Clay (TX) Pelosi I have nothing against Morocco, but It should not be closed. We should Clayton Jefferson Rangel Clyburn Johnson, E. B. Rivers I simply think there is too little al- not send that message to North Africa. Conyers Kaptur Roybal-Allard ready going into the bill, and I just This is an excellent bill. The amend- Crane Kennedy (MA) Rush think to bring in all of North Africa to ments that have been adopted and this Cummings Kennedy (RI) Sanders amendment will make it an even better Davis (IL) Kildee Scott the bill, when we are talking about Davis (VA) Kilpatrick Serrano three or four initial countries to be in- one. I urge my colleagues to support DeFazio Kucinich Stark cluded, I think it dilutes the bill. the amendment. Delahunt Lewis (GA) Stokes Mr. BEREUTER. If the gentleman Mr. Chairman, I yield back the bal- DeLauro Maloney (CT) Thompson ance of my time. Dixon Markey Thurman will continue to yield once more, so Dooley Martinez Towns our colleagues are not confused, this The CHAIRMAN pro tempore (Mr. Engel Matsui Velazquez relates to one country only, not all of WICKER). The question is on the amend- Farr McKinney Waters ment, as modified, offered by the gen- Fattah Meehan Watt (NC) North Africa. I thank the gentleman Filner Meek (FL) Wynn for yielding. tleman from Nebraska (Mr. BEREUTER). Ford Meeks (NY) Mr. PAYNE. They say, ‘‘Start me The question was taken; and the NOES—334 with 10 who are stout-hearted men, and Chairman pro tempore announced that I’ll soon give you 10,000 more.’’ We the ayes appeared to have it. Ackerman Bass Boswell Aderholt Bateman Boucher start one, and then we might find it is Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Chairman, I demand Allen Becerra Boyd good for one and good for another. a recorded vote. Andrews Bentsen Brady I think we should do something in The CHAIRMAN pro tempore. Pursu- Archer Bereuter Bryant ant to House Resolution 383, further Armey Berry Bunning North Africa. I think Tunisia’s govern- Bachus Bilbray Burr ment is working in the right direction. proceedings on the amendment, as Baesler Bilirakis Burton They are also certainly good. I think modified, offered by gentleman from Baker Blagojevich Buyer this new fledgling western Sahara, Nebraska (Mr. BEREUTER) will be post- Baldacci Bliley Callahan Ballenger Blumenauer Calvert once the determination has been made poned. Barcia Blunt Camp there, should be assisted. SEQUENTIAL VOTES POSTPONED IN COMMITTEE Barr Boehlert Canady Why not have a North African growth OF THE WHOLE Barrett (NE) Boehner Cannon Bartlett Bonilla Cardin and development bill? That would The CHAIRMAN pro tempore. Pursu- Barton Borski Castle make a lot of sense. I would just ask ant to House Resolution 383, proceed- H1076 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 11, 1998 Chabot Istook Price (NC) NOT VOTING—15 Rogan Shays Solomon Chambliss Jenkins Pryce (OH) Ros-Lehtinen Sherman Sununu Chenoweth John Rodriguez Christensen Johnson (CT) Quinn Roukema Shimkus Thune Deutsch Manton Schiff Clement Johnson (WI) Rahall Ryun Shuster Tiahrt Furse Poshard Spence Ramstad Salmon Skaggs Walsh Coble Johnson, Sam Gonzalez Radanovich Torres Regula Saxton Skeen Watkins Coburn Jones Harman Redmond Waxman Collins Kanjorski Reyes Scarborough Smith (MI) Wexler Combest Kasich Riggs Schaefer, Dan Smith (NJ) White Condit Kelly Riley b 1623 Schaffer, Bob Smith (OR) Whitfield Cook Kennelly Roemer Sensenbrenner Smith (TX) Wicker Cooksey Kim Rogan Mr. SAM JOHNSON of Texas and Mr. Sessions Snowbarger Young (AK) Rogers Shadegg Snyder Young (FL) Costello Kind (WI) BILBRAY changed their vote from Rohrabacher Cox King (NY) Ros-Lehtinen ‘‘aye’’ to ‘‘no.’’ NOES—258 Coyne Kingston Rothman Messrs. FARR of California, Abercrombie Gephardt Neal Cramer Kleczka Roukema GEJDENSON, MILLER of California, Ackerman Goode Ney Crapo Klink Royce Aderholt Goodling Norwood Cubin Klug FRANK of Massachusetts, Ms. Ryun Allen Gordon Nussle Cunningham Knollenberg DELAURO, Ms. PELOSI, and Messrs. Sabo Andrews Granger Oberstar Danner Kolbe Salmon MARKEY, MATSUI and KENNEDY of Archer Green Obey Davis (FL) LaFalce Sanchez Massachusetts changed their vote from Bachus Hall (TX) Olver Deal LaHood Sandlin ‘‘no’’ to ‘‘aye.’’ Baesler Hansen Ortiz DeGette Lampson Sanford Baker Hastings (FL) Packard DeLay Lantos Sawyer So the amendment was rejected. Baldacci Hefley Pallone Diaz-Balart Largent Saxton The result of the vote was announced Ballenger Hefner Parker Dickey Latham Scarborough as above recorded. Barcia Herger Pascrell Dicks LaTourette Schaefer, Dan Barrett (WI) Hilleary Pastor AMENDMENT NO. 6, AS MODIFIED, OFFERED BY Dingell Lazio Schaffer, Bob Bartlett Hilliard Paul Doggett Leach Schumer MR. BEREUTER Barton Hinchey Payne Doolittle Levin Sensenbrenner The CHAIRMAN pro tempore (Mr. Becerra Hinojosa Pelosi Sessions Bentsen Holden Doyle Lewis (CA) WICKER). The pending business is the Pickering Dreier Lewis (KY) Shadegg Berry Hooley Pombo Duncan Linder Shaw demand for a recorded vote on the Bishop Hulshof Porter Dunn Lipinski Shays amendment No. 6, as modified, offered Blunt Hunter Price (NC) Edwards Livingston Sherman Bonilla Hutchinson Rahall Shimkus by the gentleman from Nebraska (Mr. Ehlers LoBiondo Bonior Inglis Rangel Shuster BEREUTER), on which further proceed- Ehrlich Lofgren Borski Istook Regula Sisisky Emerson Lowey ings were postponed and on which the Boswell Jackson (IL) Reyes Skaggs ayes prevailed by voice vote. Boucher Jackson-Lee Riggs English Lucas Skeen Boyd (TX) Riley Ensign Luther Skelton The Clerk will redesignate the Brady Jefferson Roemer Eshoo Maloney (NY) Slaughter amendment. Brown (FL) Jenkins Rogers Etheridge Manzullo Smith (MI) The Clerk redesignated the amend- Brown (OH) Johnson (WI) Rohrabacher Evans Mascara Smith (NJ) ment. Bryant Johnson, E. B. Rothman Everett McCarthy (MO) Smith (OR) Bunning Johnson, Sam Roybal-Allard Ewing McCarthy (NY) Smith (TX) RECORDED VOTE Burr Jones Royce Fawell McCollum Smith, Adam Burton Kanjorski The CHAIRMAN pro tempore. A re- Rush Fazio McCrery Smith, Linda Cardin Kaptur Sabo Foley McDade Snowbarger corded vote has been demanded. Carson Kennedy (MA) Sanchez Forbes McDermott Snyder A recorded vote was ordered. Castle Kennedy (RI) Sanders Fossella McGovern Solomon Chambliss Kennelly The CHAIRMAN pro tempore. This Sandlin Fowler McHale Souder Clay Kildee will be a 5-minute vote. Sanford Fox McHugh Spratt Clayton Kilpatrick Sawyer Franks (NJ) McInnis Stabenow The vote was taken by electronic de- Clyburn King (NY) Schumer Frelinghuysen McIntosh Stearns vice, and there were—ayes 156, noes 258, Coble Kleczka Scott Frost McIntyre Stenholm Collins Klink not voting 16, as follows: Serrano Gallegly McKeon Strickland Combest Kolbe Stump [Roll No. 45] Condit Kucinich Shaw Ganske McNulty Sisisky Gekas Menendez Stupak AYES—156 Conyers Lampson Sununu Cook Lantos Skelton Gibbons Metcalf Armey Ewing Knollenberg Talent Costello Largent Slaughter Gilchrest Mica Barr Fawell LaFalce Tanner Coyne Levin Smith, Adam Gillmor Miller (FL) Barrett (NE) Foley LaHood Tauscher Cramer Lewis (GA) Smith, Linda Gilman Minge Bass Forbes Latham Tauzin Crapo Lewis (KY) Souder Goode Moakley Bateman Fossella LaTourette Taylor (MS) Cubin Linder Spence Goodlatte Mollohan Bereuter Fox Lazio Taylor (NC) Cummings Lipinski Spratt Goodling Moran (KS) Berman Franks (NJ) Leach Thomas Cunningham Livingston Stabenow Bilbray Frelinghuysen Lewis (CA) Gordon Morella Thornberry Danner LoBiondo Stearns Bilirakis Gejdenson Lucas Goss Murtha Thune Davis (FL) Lofgren Stenholm Blagojevich Gekas Luther Graham Myrick Tiahrt Davis (IL) Lowey Stokes Bliley Gibbons Manzullo Granger Neal Tierney Deal Maloney (CT) Strickland Blumenauer Gilchrest McCollum Green Nethercutt Traficant DeFazio Maloney (NY) Stump Boehlert Gillmor McDade Greenwood Neumann Turner DeGette Markey Stupak Boehner Gilman McHugh Gutknecht Ney Upton Delahunt Martinez Talent Brown (CA) Goodlatte McInnis Hall (OH) Northup Vento DeLauro Mascara Tanner Buyer Goss McIntosh Hall (TX) Norwood Visclosky Dickey Matsui Tauscher Callahan Graham Mica Hamilton Nussle Walsh Dicks McCarthy (MO) Tauzin Calvert Greenwood Miller (FL) Hansen Oberstar Wamp Dingell McCarthy (NY) Taylor (MS) Camp Gutierrez Minge Hastert Obey Watkins Dixon McCrery Taylor (NC) Campbell Gutknecht Moran (KS) Hastings (WA) Ortiz Watts (OK) Dooley McDermott Thomas Canady Hall (OH) Moran (VA) Hayworth Oxley Weldon (FL) Doyle McGovern Thompson Cannon Hamilton Morella Hefley Packard Weldon (PA) Duncan McHale Thornberry Chabot Hastert Nethercutt Herger Pallone Weller Edwards McIntyre Thurman Christensen Hastings (WA) Neumann Hill Wexler Emerson McKeon Tierney Pappas Clement Hayworth Northup Weygand Engel McKinney Torres Hilleary Parker Coburn Hill Owens White Ensign McNulty Towns Hinchey Pascrell Cooksey Hobson Oxley Whitfield Etheridge Meehan Traficant Hinojosa Paul Cox Hoekstra Pappas Wicker Evans Meeks (NY) Turner Hobson Paxon Crane Horn Paxon Wise Everett Menendez Upton Hoekstra Pease Davis (VA) Hostettler Pease Wolf Farr Metcalf Velazquez Holden Peterson (MN) DeLay Houghton Peterson (PA) Woolsey Fattah Millender- Vento Hooley Peterson (PA) Diaz-Balart Hoyer Petri Yates Fazio McDonald Visclosky Horn Petri Doggett Hyde Pickett Young (AK) Filner Miller (CA) Wamp Hostettler Pickering Doolittle Johnson (CT) Pitts Young (FL) Ford Mink Waters Houghton Pickett Dreier Kasich Pomeroy Fowler Moakley Watt (NC) Hulshof Pitts Dunn Kelly Portman Frank (MA) Mollohan Watts (OK) Hunter Pombo Ehlers Kim Pryce (OH) Frost Murtha Weldon (FL) Hutchinson Pomeroy Ehrlich Kind (WI) Quinn Gallegly Myrick Weldon (PA) Hyde Porter English Kingston Ramstad Ganske Nadler Weller Inglis Portman Eshoo Klug Rivers March 11, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H1077 Weygand Wolf Wynn I would like to see, Mr. Chairman, that made are valid and will be under con- Wise Woolsey Yates through this improved trade legislation we can sideration. NOT VOTING—16 encourage the expeditious exporting of much Under the GSP program and under Chenoweth Manton Rodriguez needed pharmecuticals to the continent in the bill, the President must consider Deutsch Meek (FL) Schiff order to combat the AIDS epidemic ravaging whether a country is taking steps to Furse Peterson (MN) Stark Gonzalez Poshard Waxman Africa. Upon that effort we can build further on afford its workers internationally rec- Harman Radanovich solving the AIDS problems in Africa by en- ognized workers’ rights when determin- John Redmond couraging more research by various world ing whether to designate a country as b 1631 health agencies on this problem. eligible for trade benefits. I am concerned, Mr. Chairman, that the Afri- So I think it addresses the concerns Mr. PASTOR changed his vote from ca Growth and Opportunity Act can protect the that the gentlewoman raises and raises ‘‘aye’’ to ‘‘no.’’ rights of African workers. I understand and properly. We appreciate the support Messrs. DELAY, BERMAN and COX want to make sure that through the GSP that the gentlewoman has given and of California changed their vote from (General System of Preferences) program pro- look forward to working with her in ‘‘no’’ to ‘‘aye.’’ tection for good work place conditions and the future, too. So the amendment, as modified, was more importantly worker safety issues will be Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. I yield rejected. in place under this legislation. Therefore, I back the balance of my time. The result of the vote was announced raise with the Chairman of the Trade Sub- The CHAIRMAN pro tempore. The as above recorded. committee on Ways and Means the question question is on the committee amend- Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. Mr. as to whether this legislation would preclude ment in the nature of a substitute, as Chairman, I ask unanimous consent to the putting in place good work place condi- modified, as amended. strike the last word to enter in a col- tions and safe work places in Africa. The committee amendment in the loquy with the gentleman from Illinois I am also concerned that this bill which will nature of a substitute, as modified, as (Mr. CRANE). allow for increased trade and investment in Af- amended, was agreed to. The CHAIRMAN pro tempore (Mr. rica will ultimately benefit American workers. The CHAIRMAN pro tempore. Under WICKER). Is there objection to the re- Africa constitutes a market of 800 million peo- the rule, the Committee rises. quest of the gentlewoman from Texas? ple, potentially one of the largest markets in Accordingly the Committee rose; and There was no objection. the worldÐmore people than Japan and all of the Speaker pro tempore (Mr. EWING) (Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas asked the Asian nations combined. If this bill works, having assumed the chair, Mr. WICKER, and was given permission to revise and and I think it will, spur growth and create big- Chairman pro tempore of the Commit- extend her remarks.) ger markets for U.S. exports. Our exports to tee of the Whole House on the State of Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. Mr. Africa already are intensive in high-wage in- the Union, reported that that commit- Chairman, I would like to thank the dustries, such as machinery, transportation tee, having had under consideration gentleman from Illinois (Mr. CRANE), equipment, electronics and services. the bill (H.R. 1432), to authorize a new first of all, for his graciousness and the Exports to Africa are 27% greater than our trade and investment policy for sub-Sa- gentleman from New York (Mr. RAN- exports to all of the former Soviet Union com- haran Africa, pursuant to House Reso- GEL), as well. I know we will have to bined. By aggressively following the path of lution 383, he reported the bill back to deliberate further on these very impor- reform, African countries can provide prosper- the House with an amendment adopted tant issues and take the time to go ity for their people and create robust markets by the Committee of the Whole. through conference and the Senate and that will help working Americans and small The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under have deliberation and further thought businesses. It is also important that the pro- the rule, the previous question is or- on these issues. tection of these workers is inherent in this bill dered. Mr. Chairman, I will mention these and that this bill will seek to protect the safety Is a separate vote demanded on any collectively and acknowledge the need of these workers. amendment to the committee amend- for further thought and deliberation, As someone who deeply cares about Africa ment in the nature of a substitute but these are very important points. and our American workers, I just want to en- adopted by the Committee of the One is the devastation of HIV, AIDS, sure this bill helps our nation's workers, Afri- Whole? If not, the question is on the on the continent and the ability of this can workers and creates jobs for us all. amendment. bill to help with pharmaceuticals get- I am concerned, Mr. Chairman, that once The amendment was agreed to. ting over to the continent to be able to the Africa Growth and Opportunity Act passes The SPEAKER pro tempore. The help with this devastation. that its provisions are implemented. I am fully question is on the engrossment and The other issue, of course, is the GSP aware that Section 12 of the bill calls for a pri- third reading of the bill. program, which already helps in work- vate advisory committee to assist the Board of The bill was ordered to be engrossed ers’ safety rights and workers’ rights, Directors of the Overseas Private Investment and read a third time, and was read the that certainly under that we would see Corporation in developing policies and pro- third time. that applying on the continent or aid- grams. I am interested in soliciting the consid- MOTION TO RECOMMIT OFFERED BY MR. BISHOP. ing in making sure that we have good eration of the Trade Subcommittee Chairman Mr. BISHOP. Mr. Speaker, I offer a conditions for workers. on Ways and Means in including in the report motion to recommit. Lastly, let me say I think it is very language of this bill a working advisory group The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is the important that once this important established with both Members of the House gentleman opposed to the bill. bill passes, if our colleagues join us in and Senate, and the administration that would Mr. BISHOP. Yes. In its current passing it, that it not drop off the deep meet within six months of passage to monitor form, I am, Mr. Speaker. end and it may be helpful to consider a the implementation of the bill. The SPEAKER pro tempore. The working committee that in 6 months I thank the Chair of the Trade Subcommit- Clerk will report the motion to recom- would look at where we are on the tee for his support of the bill language which mit. question of how this bill is being imple- seeks to bring Members of Congress and the The Clerk read as follows: mented. Administration together 6 months after the bill Mr. BISHOP moves to recommit the bill I would like to bring to both the Chair of the is enacted to monitor the implementation of H.R. 1432 to the Committee on Ways and International Relations Committee and the the bill, see how it can be improved, and to Means with instructions to report the same Trade Subcommittee on Ways and Means of to the House forthwith with the following continue to work towards creating more jobs in amendment: my concern of the overwhelming HIV/AIDS America and Africa. Strike all after the enacting clause and in- epidemic that is currently plaguing Africa and Mr. Chairman, I yield to the gen- sert the following: the world. According to the World Health Or- tleman from Illinois (Mr. CRANE) to be SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. ganization, over 550,000 cases have been re- able to respond to these important This Act may be cited as the ‘‘African ported in Africa alone. The Aids epidemic is points that I think will make this bill Growth and Opportunity Act’’. affecting the young work force between the better and help the people of Africa. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. ages of 18±55, and if the work force keeps Mr. CRANE. Mr. Chairman, I think The Congress finds that it is in the mutual dying, how can they benefit from this bill? the points that my colleague has just economic interest of the United States and H1078 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 11, 1998

sub-Saharan Africa to promote stable and itor and enforce policies necessary to imple- (e) EXCEPTION.—This section does not sustainable economic growth and develop- ment the special access program authorized apply with respect to the amendments made ment in sub-Saharan Africa. To that end, the by section 8, including penalties for trans- by section 10 of this Act. United States seeks to facilitate market-led shipment of textile and apparel goods in con- SEC. 5. ADDITIONAL AUTHORITIES AND IN- economic growth in, and thereby the social travention of United States law, and provid- CREASED FLEXIBILITY TO PROVIDE and economic development of, the countries ing to the Customs Service entry into that ASSISTANCE UNDER THE DEVELOP- of sub-Saharan Africa. In particular, the country, and access to accurate information MENT FUND FOR AFRICA. United States seeks to assist sub-Saharan in that country, in order to monitor and en- (a) USE OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AS- African countries, and the private sector in force such policies; SISTANCE TO SUPPORT FURTHER ECONOMIC those countries, to achieve economic self-re- (11) progress on human and worker rights, GROWTH.—It is the sense of the Congress that sustained economic growth in sub-Saharan liance by— such as the protection of internationally rec- Africa depends in large measure upon the de- (1) strengthening and expanding the pri- ognized worker rights as defined in section velopment of a receptive environment for vate sector in sub-Saharan Africa, especially 507(4) of the Trade Act of 1974, especially re- trade and investment, and that to achieve women-owned businesses; strictions on child labor; and this objective the United States Agency for (2) encouraging increased trade and invest- (12) reducing tariffs and eliminating non- International Development should continue ment between the United States and sub-Sa- tariff barriers to United States textile and to support programs which help to create haran Africa; apparel goods. this environment. Investments in human re- (3) reducing tariff and nontariff barriers (b) ADDITIONAL FACTORS.—In determining sources, development, and implementation and other trade obstacles; whether a sub-Saharan African country is el- of free market policies, including policies to (4) expanding United States assistance to igible under subsection (a), the President liberalize agricultural markets and improve sub-Saharan Africa’s regional integration ef- shall take into account the following factors: food security, and the support for the rule of forts; (1) An expression by such country of its de- law and democratic governance should con- (5) establishing a United States-Sub-Saha- sire to be an eligible country under sub- tinue to be encouraged and enhanced on a bi- ran Africa Trade and Investment Partner- section (a). lateral and regional basis. ship; (2) The extent to which such country has (b) DECLARATIONS OF POLICY.—The Con- (6) focusing on countries committed to ac- made substantial progress toward— gress makes the following declarations: countable government, economic reform, and (A) reducing tariff levels; (1) The Development Fund for Africa estab- the eradication of poverty; (B) binding its tariffs in the World Trade lished under chapter 10 of part I of the For- (7) establishing a United States-Sub-Saha- Organization and assuming meaningful bind- eign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2293 et ran Africa Economic Cooperation Forum; ing obligations in other sectors of trade; and seq.) has been an effective tool in providing and (C) eliminating nontariff barriers to trade. development assistance to sub-Saharan Afri- (8) continuing to support development as- (3) Whether such country, if not already a ca since 1988. sistance for those countries in sub-Saharan member of the World Trade Organization, is (2) The Development Fund for Africa will Africa attempting to build civil societies. actively pursuing membership in that Orga- complement the other provisions of this Act SEC. 3. STATEMENT OF POLICY. nization. and lay a foundation for increased trade and The Congress supports economic self-reli- (4) The extent to which such country has a investment opportunities between the ance for sub-Saharan African countries, par- recognizable commitment to reducing pov- United States and sub-Saharan Africa. ticularly those committed to— erty, increasing the availability of health (3) Assistance provided through the Devel- (1) economic and political reform; care and educational opportunities, the ex- opment Fund for Africa will continue to sup- (2) market incentives and private sector pansion of physical infrastructure in a man- port programs and activities that promote growth; ner designed to maximize accessibility, in- the long term economic development of sub- (3) the eradication of poverty; and creased access to market and credit facilities Saharan Africa, such as programs and activi- (4) the importance of women to economic for small farmers and producers, and im- ties relating to the following: growth and development. proved economic opportunities for women as (A) Strengthening primary and vocational SEC. 4. ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS. entrepreneurs and employees, and promoting education systems, especially the acquisi- (a) IN GENERAL.—For each fiscal year, the and enabling the formation of capital to sup- tion of middle-level technical skills for oper- President shall determine, on a case-by-case port the establishment and operation of ating modern private businesses and the in- basis after providing an opportunity for pub- micro-enterprises. troduction of college level business edu- lic comment, whether each sub-Saharan Af- (5) Whether or not such country engages in cation, including the study of international rican country is eligible to participate in activities that undermine United States na- business, finance, and stock exchanges. programs, projects, or activities, or receive tional security or foreign policy interests. (B) Strengthening health care systems. assistance or other benefits under this Act. (c) CONTINUING COMPLIANCE.— (C) Strengthening family planning service The President’s determination shall be based (1) MONITORING AND REVIEW OF CERTAIN delivery systems. on the establishment and enforcement of ap- COUNTRIES.—The President shall monitor and (D) Supporting democratization, good gov- propriate policies relating to— review the progress of sub-Saharan African ernance and civil society and conflict resolu- (1) promoting free movement of goods and countries in order to determine their current tion efforts. services between the United States and sub- or potential eligibility under subsection (a). (E) Increasing food security by promoting Saharan Africa and among countries in sub- Such determinations shall be based on quan- the expansion of agricultural and agri- Saharan Africa; titative factors to the fullest extent possible culture-based industrial production and pro- (2) promoting the expansion of the produc- and shall be included in the annual report re- ductivity and increasing real incomes for tion base and the transformation of commod- quired by section 16. poor individuals. ities and nontraditional products for exports (2) INELIGIBILITY OF CERTAIN COUNTRIES.—A (F) Promoting an enabling environment for through joint venture projects between Afri- sub-Saharan African country described in private sector-led growth through sustained can and foreign investors; paragraph (1) that has not made continual economic reform, privatization programs, (3) trade issues, such as protection of intel- progress in meeting the requirements with and market-led economic activities. lectual property rights, particularly intellec- which it is not in compliance shall be ineli- (G) Promoting decentralization and local tual property rights with respect to textile gible to participate in programs, projects, or participation in the development process, es- and apparel goods, improvements in stand- activities, or receive assistance or other ben- pecially linking the rural production sectors ards, testing, labeling, and certification; efits, under this Act. and the industrial and market centers (4) the protection of property rights, such (3) INELIGIBILITY OF COUNTIES NOT COOPER- throughout Africa. as protection against expropriation and a ATING WITH UNITED STATES CUSTOMS.—The (H) Increasing the technical and manage- functioning and fair judicial system; President shall not renew the eligibility of a rial capacity of sub-Saharan African individ- (5) participation in bilateral investment sub-Saharan African country which does not uals to manage the economy of sub-Saharan treaties and the harmonization of such trea- fully cooperate with the United States Cus- Africa. ties to avoid double taxation; toms Service in the enforcement of laws (I) Ensuring sustainable economic growth (6) supporting the growth of regional mar- against transshipment of textile and apparel through environmental protection. kets within a free trade area framework; goods as set forth in subsection (a)(10). (4) The African Development Foundation (7) governance issues, such as eliminating (d) VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND IN- has a unique congressional mandate to em- government corruption, minimizing govern- ELIGIBLE COUNTRIES.—It is the sense of the power the poor to participate fully in devel- ment intervention in the market such as Congress that a sub-Saharan African country opment and to increase opportunities for price controls and subsidies, and streamlin- should not be eligible to participate in pro- gainful employment, poverty alleviation, ing the business license process; grams, projects, or activities, or receive as- and more equitable income distribution in (8) encouraging private ownership of gov- sistance or other benefits under this Act if sub-Saharan Africa. The African Develop- ernment-controlled economic enterprises; the government of that country is deter- ment Foundation has worked successfully to (9) removing restrictions on investment; mined by the President to engage in a con- enhance the role of women as agents of (10) engaging in a cooperative effort with sistent pattern of gross violations of inter- change, strengthen the informal sector with the United States Customs Service to mon- nationally recognized human rights. an emphasis on supporting micro and small March 11, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H1079

sized enterprises, indigenous technologies, of sub-Saharan African countries eligible (c) REPORTING REQUIREMENT.—The Presi- and mobilizing local financing. The African under section 4 not less than once every two dent shall prepare and transmit to the Con- Development Foundation should develop and years for the purpose of discussing the issues gress a report containing the results of his implement strategies for promoting partici- described in paragraph (1). The first such investigation under subsection (a). pation in the socioeconomic development meeting should take place not later than SEC. 8. SPECIAL ACCESS PROGRAM FOR TEXTILE process of grassroots and informal sector twelve months after the date of the enact- AND APPAREL ARTICLES FROM ELI- groups such as nongovernmental organiza- ment of this Act. GIBLE COUNTRIES. tions, cooperatives, artisans, and traders (d) DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION BY (a) SPECIAL ACCESS PROGRAM.— into the programs and initiatives established USIA.—In order to assist in carrying out the (1) ESTABLISHMENT.—The President, in con- under this Act. purposes of the Forum, the United States In- sultation with representatives of the domes- (c) ADDITIONAL AUTHORITIES.— formation Agency shall disseminate regu- tic textile and apparel industry and with rep- (1) IN GENERAL.—Section 496(h) of the For- larly, through multiple media, economic in- resentatives of countries in sub-Saharan Af- eign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2293(h)) formation in support of the free market eco- rica that are eligible under section 4 and is amended— nomic reforms described in this Act. after providing an opportunity for public (A) by redesignating paragraph (3) as para- (e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— comment, shall establish a special access graph (4); and There are authorized to be appropriated such program for imports of textile and apparel (B) by inserting after paragraph (2) the fol- sums as may be necessary to carry out this articles from such eligible countries in sub- lowing: section. Saharan Africa under which specified levels ‘‘(3) DEMOCRATIZATION AND CONFLICT RESO- (f) LIMITATION ON USE OF FUNDS.—None of of imports of eligible textile and apparel ar- LUTION CAPABILITIES.—Assistance under this the funds authorized under this section may ticles would not be subject to duties or section may also include program assist- be used to create or support any nongovern- quotas. ance— mental organization for the purpose of ex- (2) PROGRAM MODELED ON EXISTING PRO- ‘‘(A) to promote democratization, good panding or facilitating trade between the GRAMS.—The program under paragraph (1) governance, and strong civil societies in sub- United States and sub-Saharan Africa. should be modeled on existing programs pro- Saharan Africa; and SEC. 7. UNITED STATES–SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA viding for similar preferential tariff and ‘‘(B) to strengthen conflict resolution ca- FREE TRADE AREA. quota treatment, such as the program in ef- (a) DECLARATION OF POLICY.—The Congress pabilities of governmental, intergovern- fect for countries in the Caribbean Basin, declares that the President should inves- mental, and nongovernmental entities in consistent with the international obligations tigate the establishment of a United States– sub-Saharan of the United States under the Agreement on Sub-Saharan Africa Free Trade Area as a re- Africa.’’. Textiles and Clothing and other trade agree- sult of a fully reciprocal free trade agree- (2) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Section ments. ment, if the President determines that in- 496(h)(4) of such Act, as amended by para- (b) ELIGIBLE GOODS.— creased trade and private sector develop- graph (1), is further amended by striking (1) IN GENERAL.—Textile and apparel arti- ment have led to open market economies in ‘‘paragraphs (1) and (2)’’ in the first sentence cles are eligible for the special access pro- the countries of sub-Saharan Africa. and inserting ‘‘paragraphs (1), (2), and (3)’’. gram established under subsection (a) only if (b) PLAN REQUIREMENT.— the articles are— SEC. 6. UNITED STATES–SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA (1) IN GENERAL.—The President, taking (A) textile or apparel articles assembled in TRADE AND ECONOMIC COOPERA- into account the provisions of the treaty es- TION FORUM. an eligible sub-Saharan African country tablishing the African Economic Community (a) DECLARATION OF POLICY.—The President from fabrics wholly formed and cut in the shall convene annual high-level meetings be- and the willingness of the governments of United States, from yarns wholly formed in tween appropriate officials of the United sub-Saharan African countries to engage in the United States, that are— States Government and officials of the gov- negotiations to enter into free trade agree- (i) entered under subheading 9802.00.80 of ernments of sub-Saharan African countries ments, may develop a plan for the purpose of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the in order to foster close economic ties be- entering into one or more trade agreements United States; or tween the United States and sub-Saharan Af- with sub-Saharan African countries eligible (ii) entered under chapter 61 or 62 of the rica. under section 4 in order to establish a United Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United (b) ESTABLISHMENT.—Not later than 12 States–Sub-Saharan Africa Free Trade Area States, if, after such assembly, the articles months after the date of the enactment of (hereafter in this section referred to as the would have qualified for entry under sub- this Act, the President, after consulting with ‘‘Free Trade Area’’). heading 9802.00.80 of such Schedule but for the governments concerned, shall establish a (2) ELEMENTS OF PLAN.—The plan may in- the fact that the articles were subjected to United States–Sub-Saharan Africa Trade and clude the following: stone-washing, enzyme-washing, acid-wash- Economic Cooperation Forum (hereafter in (A) The specific objectives of the United ing, perma-pressing, oven-baking, bleaching, this section referred to as the ‘‘Forum’’). States with respect to the establishment of garment-dyeing, embroidery, or other simi- (c) REQUIREMENTS.—In creating the Forum, the Free Trade Area and a suggested time- lar processes; or the President shall meet the following re- table for achieving those objectives. (B) handloomed, handmade, or folklore ar- quirements: (B) The benefits to both the United States ticles of an eligible sub-Saharan African (1) The President shall direct the Secretary and sub-Saharan Africa with respect to the country identified under paragraph (2) that of Commerce, the Secretary of the Treasury, Free Trade Area. are certified as such by the competent au- the Secretary of State, and the United (C) A mutually agreed-upon timetable for thority of such country. States Trade Representative to host the first establishing the Free Trade Area. (2) DETERMINATION OF HANDLOOMED, HAND- annual meeting with the counterparts of (D) The implications for and the role of re- MADE, OR FOLKLORE GOODS.—For purposes of such Secretaries from the governments of gional and sub-regional organizations in sub- paragraph (1)(B), the President, after con- sub-Saharan African countries eligible under Saharan Africa with respect to the Free sultation with the eligible sub-Saharan Afri- section 4, the Secretary General of the Orga- Trade Area. can country concerned, shall determine nization of African Unity, and government (E) Subject matter anticipated to be cov- which, if any, particular textile and apparel officials from other appropriate countries in ered by the agreement for establishing the goods of the country shall be treated as Africa, to discuss expanding trade and in- Free Trade Area and United States laws, pro- being handloomed, handmade, or folklore vestment relations between the United grams, and policies, as well as the laws of goods of a kind described in section 2.3(a), States and sub-Saharan Africa and the im- participating eligible African countries and (b), or (c) or Appendix 3.1.B.11 of Annex 300– plementation of this Act. existing bilateral and multilateral and eco- B of the North American Free Trade Agree- (2)(A) The President, in consultation with nomic cooperation and trade agreements, ment. the Congress, shall encourage United States that may be affected by the agreement or (3) ACTIONS BY PRESIDENT TO PREVENT MAR- nongovernmental organizations to host an- agreements. KET DISRUPTION.—The President may impose nual meetings with nongovernmental organi- (F) Procedures to ensure the following: the prevailing general column I rates of zations from sub-Saharan Africa in conjunc- (i) Adequate consultation with the Con- duty, restrict the quantity of imports, or tion with the annual meetings of the Forum gress and the private sector during the nego- both, with respect to imports of eligible for the purpose of discussing the issues de- tiation of the agreement or agreements for goods under this subsection from any eligible scribed in paragraph (1). establishing the Free Trade Area. sub-Saharan African country if such action (B) The President, in consultation with the (ii) Consultation with the Congress regard- is necessary to prevent market disruption or Congress, shall encourage United States rep- ing all matters relating to implementation the threat thereof. resentatives of the private sector to host an- of the agreement or agreements. (c) REPORT.—The President shall include as nual meetings with representatives of the (iii) Approval by the Congress of the agree- part of the first annual report under section private sector from sub-Saharan Africa in ment or agreements. 16 a report on the establishment of the spe- conjunction with the annual meetings of the (iv) Adequate consultations with the rel- cial access program under subsection (a) and Forum for the purpose of discussing the evant African governments and African re- shall report to the Congress annually there- issues described in paragraph (1). gional and subregional intergovernmental after on the implementation of the program (3) The President shall, to the extent prac- organizations during the negotiations of the and its effect on the textile and apparel in- ticable, meet with the heads of governments agreement or agreements. dustry in the United States. H1080 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 11, 1998

(d) DEFINITION.—For purposes of this sec- subsequent offense where prior disclosure (as main in effect after June 30, 1998, with re- tion, the term ‘‘Agreement on Textiles and defined in section 592(c)(4)) is made after 180 spect to beneficiary developing countries Clothing’’ means the Agreement on Textiles days after the entry of the goods, the Sec- other than those provided for in subsection and Clothing referred to in section 101(d)(4) retary of the Treasury may remit or miti- (a).’’. of the Uruguay Round Agreements Act (19 gate not more than 50 percent of such fines (b) DEFINITION.—Section 507 of the Trade U.S.C. 3511(d)(4)). or penalties.’’. Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2467) is amended by add- SEC. 9. PENALTIES FOR VIOLATIONS OF CUS- (c) SEIZURE AND FORFEITURE.—Section ing at the end the following: TOMS LAWS INVOLVING TEXTILE 596(c)(2) of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. ‘‘(6) COUNTRIES IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA.— AND APPAREL GOODS. 1595a(c)(2)) is amended— The term ‘countries in sub-Saharan Africa’ (a) PENALTIES.—Section 592 of the Tariff (1) in subparagraph (E), by striking ‘‘or’’ has the meaning given that term in section Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1592) is amended by add- after the semicolon; 17 of the African Growth and Opportunity ing at the end the following: (2) in subparagraph (F), by striking the pe- Act.’’. ‘‘(g) PENALTIES INVOLVING TEXTILE AND AP- riod and inserting ‘‘; or’’; and (c) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments PAREL GOODS.— (3) by inserting after subparagraph (F) the made by this section take effect on July 1, ‘‘(1) FRAUD.—Notwithstanding subsection following: 1998. (c), the civil penalty for a fraudulent viola- ‘‘(G) it consists of textile or apparel goods SEC. 11. INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITU- tion of subsection (a) based on a claim that that are claimed to be products of countries TIONS AND DEBT REDUCTION. textile and apparel goods are products of in sub-Saharan Africa introduced into the (a) BETTER MECHANISMS TO FURTHER GOALS countries in sub-Saharan Africa— United States for entry, transit, or expor- FOR SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA.—It is the sense of ‘‘(A) shall, subject to subparagraph (B), be tation, and the Congress that the Secretary of the double the amount that would otherwise ‘‘(i) the merchandise or its container bears Treasury should instruct the United States apply under subsection (c)(1); and false or fraudulent markings with respect to Executive Directors of the International ‘‘(B) shall be an amount not to exceed 300 the country of origin, unless the importer of Bank for Reconstruction and Development, percent of the declared value in the United the merchandise demonstrates that the the International Monetary Fund, and the States of the merchandise if the violation markings were made in order to comply with African Development Bank to use the voice has the effect of circumventing any quota on the rules of origin of the country that is the and votes of the Executive Directors to en- textile and apparel goods. final destination of the merchandise, or courage vigorously their respective institu- ‘‘(2) GROSS NEGLIGENCE.—Notwithstanding tions to develop enhanced mechanisms which ‘‘(ii) the merchandise or its container is in- subsection (c), the civil penalty for a grossly further the following goals in eligible coun- troduced or attempted to be introduced into negligent violation of subsection (a) based on tries in sub-Saharan Africa: the United States by means of, or such intro- a claim that textile and apparel goods are (1) Strengthening and expanding the pri- duction or attempt is aided or facilitated by products of countries in sub-Saharan Afri- vate sector, especially among women-owned means of, a material false statement, act, or ca— businesses. omission with the intention or effect of— ‘‘(A) shall, subject to subparagraphs (B) (2) Reducing tariffs, nontariff barriers, and ‘‘(I) circumventing any quota that applies and (C), be double the amount that would other trade obstacles, and increasing eco- to the merchandise, or otherwise apply under subsection (c)(2); nomic integration. ‘‘(II) undervaluing the merchandise.’’. ‘‘(B) shall, if the violation has the effect of (3) Supporting countries committed to ac- (d) CERTIFICATES OF ORIGIN.—Notwith- circumventing any quota of the United standing any other provision of law, all im- countable government, economic reform, the States on textile and apparel goods, and sub- portations of textile and apparel goods that eradication of poverty, and the building of ject to subparagraph (C), be 200 percent of are claimed to be products of countries in civil societies. the declared value of the merchandise; and sub-Saharan Africa shall be accompanied (4) Supporting deep debt reduction at the ‘‘(C) shall, if the violation is a third or sub- by— earliest possible date with the greatest sequent offense occurring within 3 years, be (1)(A) the name and address of the manu- amount of relief for eligible poorest coun- the penalty for a fraudulent violation under facturer or producer of the goods, and any tries under the ‘‘Heavily Indebted Poor paragraph (1) (A) or (B), whichever is appli- other information with respect to the manu- Countries’’ (HIPC) debt initiative. (b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of cable. facturer or producer that the Customs Serv- the Congress that relief provided to coun- ‘‘(3) NEGLIGENCE.—Notwithstanding sub- ice may require; and tries in sub-Saharan Africa which qualify for section (c), the civil penalty for a negligent (B) if there is more than one manufacturer the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries debt violation of subsection (a) based on a claim or producer, or there is a contractor or sub- initiative should primarily be made through that textile and apparel goods are products contractor of the manufacturer or producer grants rather than through extended-term of countries in sub-Saharan Africa— with respect to the manufacture or produc- debt, and that interim relief or interim fi- ‘‘(A) shall, subject to subparagraphs (B) tion of the goods, the information required nancing should be provided for eligible coun- and (C), be double the amount that would under subparagraph (A) with respect to each tries that establish a strong record of macro- otherwise apply under subsection (a)(3); such manufacturer, producer, contractor, or ‘‘(B) shall, if the violation has the effect of economic reform. subcontractor, including a description of the (c) EXECUTIVE BRANCH INITIATIVES.—The circumventing any quota of the United process performed by each such entity; States on textile and apparel goods, and sub- Congress supports and encourages the imple- (2) a certification by the importer that the mentation of the following initiatives of the ject to subparagraph (C), be 100 percent of importer has exercised reasonable care to as- the declared value of the merchandise; and executive branch: certain the true country of origin of the tex- (1) AMERICAN-AFRICAN BUSINESS PARTNER- ‘‘(C) shall, if the violation is a third or sub- tile and apparel goods and the accuracy of sequent offense occurring within 3 years, be SHIP.—The Agency for International Devel- all other information provided on the docu- opment devoting up to $1,000,000 annually to the penalty for a grossly negligent violation mentation accompanying the imported under paragraph (2) (A) or (B), whichever is help catalyze relationships between United goods, as well as a certification of the spe- States firms and firms in sub-Saharan Africa applicable.’’. cific action taken by the importer to ensure (b) MITIGATION.—Section 618 of the Tariff through a variety of business associations reasonable care for purposes of this para- Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1618) is amended— and networks. graph; and (1) by striking ‘‘Whenever’’ and inserting (2) TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO PROMOTE RE- (3) a certification by the importer that the ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Whenever’’, and FORMS.—The Agency for International Devel- goods being entered do not violate applicable (2) by adding at the end the following new opment providing up to $5,000,000 annually in trademark, copyright, and patent laws. subsection: short-term technical assistance programs to ‘‘(b) MITIGATION RULES RELATING TO TEX- Information provided under this subsection help the governments of sub-Saharan African TILE AND APPAREL GOODS.— shall be sufficient to demonstrate compli- countries to— ‘‘(1) GENERAL RULE.—Notwithstanding any ance with the United States rules of origin (A) liberalize trade and promote exports; other provision of law, the Secretary of the for textile and apparel goods. (B) bring their legal regimes into compli- Treasury may remit or mitigate any fine or SEC. 10. GENERALIZED SYSTEM OF PREF- ance with the standards of the World Trade penalty imposed pursuant to section 592 ERENCES. Organization in conjunction with member- based on a claim that textile and apparel (a) EXTENSION OF PROGRAM.—Section 505 of ship in that Organization; and goods are products of countries in sub-Saha- the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2465) is (C) make financial and fiscal reforms, as ran Africa only if— amended to read as follows: well as the United States Department of Ag- ‘‘(A) in the case of a first offense, the viola- ‘‘SEC. 505. DATE OF TERMINATION. riculture providing support to promote tion is due to either negligence or gross neg- ‘‘(a) COUNTRIES IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA.— greater agribusiness linkages. ligence; and No duty-free treatment provided under this (3) AGRICULTURAL MARKET LIBERALIZA- ‘‘(B) in the case of a second or subsequent title shall remain in effect after June 30, TION.—The Agency for International Devel- offense, prior disclosure (as defined in sec- 2008, with respect to beneficiary developing opment devoting up to $15,000,000 annually as tion 592(c)(4)) is made within 180 days after countries that are countries in sub-Saharan part of the multi-year Africa Food Security the entry of the goods. Africa. Initiative to help address such critical agri- ‘‘(2) SPECIAL RULE FOR PRIOR DISCLOSURES ‘‘(b) OTHER COUNTRIES.—No duty-free cultural policy issues as market liberaliza- AFTER 180 DAYS.—In the case of a second or treatment provided under this title shall re- tion, agricultural export development, and March 11, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H1081 agribusiness investment in processing and grams, and financial instruments with re- consultation with the Secretary of State, transporting agricultural commodities. spect to sub-Saharan Africa. In addition, the should report to the Congress on the feasibil- (4) TRADE PROMOTION.—The Trade Develop- advisory committee shall make rec- ity of expanding the presence in sub-Saharan ment Agency increasing the number of re- ommendations to the Board on how the Cor- Africa of the United States and Foreign verse trade missions to growth-oriented poration can facilitate greater support by Commercial Service. countries in sub-Saharan Africa. the United States for trade and investment SEC. 16. REPORTING REQUIREMENT. (5) TRADE IN SERVICES.—Efforts by United with and in sub-Saharan Africa. The advi- The President shall submit to the Con- States embassies in the countries in sub-Sa- sory committee shall terminate 4 years after gress, not later than 1 year after the date of haran Africa to encourage their host govern- the date of the enactment of this sub- the enactment of this Act, and not later than ments— section.’’. the end of each of the next 4 1-year periods (A) to participate in the ongoing negotia- (2) REPORTS TO THE CONGRESS.—Within 6 thereafter, a report on the implementation tions on financial services in the World months after the date of the enactment of of this Act. Trade Organization; this Act, and annually for each of the 4 years SEC. 17. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA DEFINED. (B) to revise their existing schedules to the thereafter, the Board of Directors of the For purposes of this Act, the terms ‘‘sub- General Agreement on Trade in Services of Overseas Private Investment Corporation Saharan Africa’’, ‘‘sub-Saharan African the World Trade Organization in light of the shall submit to the Congress a report on the country’’, ‘‘country in sub-Saharan Africa’’, successful conclusion of negotiations on steps that the Board has taken to implement and ‘‘countries in sub-Saharan Africa’’ refer basic telecommunications services; and section 233(e) of the Foreign Assistance Act to the following: (C) to make further commitments in their of 1961 (as added by paragraph (1)) and any Republic of Angola (Angola) schedules to the General Agreement on recommendations of the advisory board es- Republic of Botswana (Botswana) Trade in Services in order to encourage the tablished pursuant to such section. Republic of Burundi (Burundi) removal of tariff and nontariff barriers and (b) EXPORT-IMPORT BANK.— Republic of Cape Verde (Cape Verde) to foster competition in the services sector (1) ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR SUB-SAHARAN Republic of Chad (Chad) in those countries. AFRICA.—Section 2(b) of the Export-Import Democratic Republic of Congo SEC. 12. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA EQUITY AND IN- Bank Act of 1945 (12 U.S.C. 635(b)) is amended Republic of the Congo (Congo) FRASTRUCTURE FUNDS. by inserting after paragraph (12) the follow- Republic of Djibouti (Djibouti) (a) INITIATION OF FUNDS.—It is the sense of ing: State of Eritrea (Eritrea) the Congress that the Overseas Private In- ‘‘(13)(A) The Board of Directors of the Gabonese Republic (Gabon) vestment Corporation should, within 12 Bank shall take prompt measures, consistent Republic of Ghana (Ghana) months after the date of the enactment of with the credit standards otherwise required Republic of Guinea-Bissau (Guinea-Bissau) this Act, exercise the authorities it has to by law, to promote the expansion of the Kingdom of Lesotho (Lesotho) initiate 2 or more equity funds in support of Bank’s financial commitments in sub-Saha- Republic of Madagascar (Madagascar) projects in the countries in sub-Saharan Af- ran Africa under the loan, guarantee, and in- Republic of Mali (Mali) rica. surance programs of the Bank. Republic of Mauritius (Mauritius) (b) STRUCTURE AND TYPES OF FUNDS.— ‘‘(B)(i) The Board of Directors shall estab- Republic of Namibia (Namibia) (1) STRUCTURE.—Each fund initiated under lish and use an advisory committee to advise Federal Republic of Nigeria (Nigeria) subsection (a) should be structured as a part- the Board of Directors on the development Democratic Republic of Sao Tome´ and nership managed by professional private sec- and implementation of policies and programs Principe (Sao Tome´ and Principe) tor fund managers and monitored on a con- designed to support the expansion described Republic of Sierra Leone (Sierra Leone) tinuing basis by the Corporation. in subparagraph (A). Somalia (2) CAPITALIZATION.—Each fund should be ‘‘(ii) The advisory committee shall make Kingdom of Swaziland (Swaziland) capitalized with a combination of private eq- recommendations to the Board of Directors Republic of Togo (Togo) uity capital, which is not guaranteed by the on how the Bank can facilitate greater sup- Republic of Zimbabwe (Zimbabwe) Corporation, and debt for which the Corpora- port by United States commercial banks for Republic of Benin (Benin) tion provides guaranties. trade with sub-Saharan Africa. Burkina Faso (Burkina) (3) TYPES OF FUNDS.— ‘‘(iii) The advisory committee shall termi- Republic of Cameroon (Cameroon) (A) EQUITY FUND FOR SUB-SAHARAN AFRI- nate 4 years after the date of the enactment Central African Republic CA.—One of the funds should be an equity of this subparagraph.’’. Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros fund, with assets of up to $150,000,000, the pri- (2) REPORTS TO THE CONGRESS.—Within 6 (Comoros) mary purpose of which is to achieve long- months after the date of the enactment of Republic of Coˆ te d’Ivoire (Coˆ te d’Ivoire) term capital appreciation through equity in- this Act, and annually for each of the 4 years Republic of Equatorial Guinea (Equatorial vestments in support of projects in countries thereafter, the Board of Directors of the Ex- Guinea) in sub-Saharan Africa. port-Import Bank of the United States shall Ethiopia (B) INFRASTRUCTURE FUND.—One or more of submit to the Congress a report on the steps Republic of the Gambia (Gambia) the funds, with combined assets of up to that the Board has taken to implement sec- Republic of Guinea (Guinea) $500,000,000, should be used in support of in- tion 2(b)(13)(B) of the Export-Import Bank Republic of Kenya (Kenya) frastructure projects in countries of sub-Sa- Act of 1945 (as added by paragraph (1)) and Republic of Liberia (Liberia) haran Africa. The primary purpose of any any recommendations of the advisory com- Republic of Malawi (Malawi) such fund would be to achieve long-term cap- mittee established pursuant to such section. Islamic Republic of Mauritania (Mauri- ital appreciation through investing in fi- SEC. 14. ESTABLISHMENT OF ASSISTANT UNITED tania) nancing for infrastructure projects in sub- STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE Republic of Mozambique (Mozambique) Saharan Africa, including for the expansion FOR SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA. Republic of Niger (Niger) of businesses in sub-Saharan Africa, (a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The President shall Republic of Rwanda (Rwanda) restructurings, management buyouts and establish a position of Assistant United Republic of Senegal (Senegal) buyins, businesses with local ownership, and States Trade Representative within the Of- Republic of Seychelles (Seychelles) privatizations. fice of the United States Trade Representa- Republic of South Africa (South Africa) (4) EMPHASIS.—The Corporation shall en- tive to focus on trade issues relating to sub- Republic of Sudan (Sudan) sure that the funds are used to provide sup- Saharan Africa. United Republic of Tanzania (Tanzania) port in particular to women entrepreneurs (b) FUNDING AND STAFF.—The President Republic of Uganda (Uganda) and to innovative investments that expand shall ensure that the Assistant United States Republic of Zambia (Zambia) opportunities for women and maximize em- Trade Representative appointed pursuant to SEC. 18. CLARIFICATION OF DEDUCTION FOR ployment opportunities for poor individuals. subsection (a) has adequate funding and staff SEVERANCE PAY. SEC. 13. OVERSEAS PRIVATE INVESTMENT COR- to carry out the duties described in sub- (a) IN GENERAL.—Section 404(a) of the In- PORATION AND EXPORT-IMPORT section (a), subject to the availability of ap- ternal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to de- BANK INITIATIVES. propriations. duction for contributions of an employer to (a) OVERSEAS PRIVATE INVESTMENT COR- SEC. 15. EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES AND an employee’s trust or annuity plan and PORATION.— FOREIGN COMMERCIAL SERVICE IN compensation under a deferred-payment (1) ADVISORY COMMITTEE.—Section 233 of SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA. plan) is amended by adding at the end the the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 is amend- (a) SENSE OF THE CONGRESS.—It is the sense following new paragraph: ed by adding at the end the following: of the Congress that the United States and ‘‘(11) DETERMINATIONS RELATING TO SEVER- ‘‘(e) ADVISORY COMMITTEE.—The Board Foreign Commercial Service should expand ANCE PAY.—For purposes of determining shall take prompt measures to increase the its presence in sub-Saharan Africa by in- under this section— loan, guarantee, and insurance programs, creasing the number of posts and the number ‘‘(A) whether severance pay is deferred and financial commitments, of the Corpora- of personnel it allocates to sub-Saharan Afri- compensation, and tion in sub-Saharan Africa, including ca. ‘‘(B) when severance pay is paid, through the establishment and use of an ad- (b) REPORTING REQUIREMENT.—Not later no amount shall be treated as received by visory committee to assist the Board in de- than 120 days after the date of the enactment the employee, or paid, until it is actually re- veloping and implementing policies, pro- of this Act, the Secretary of Commerce, in ceived by the employee.’’ H1082 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 11, 1998 (b) EFFECTIVE DATE.— the issue of illegal textile and apparel depend on those jobs as their economic (1) IN GENERAL.—The amendment made by transshipment put to the U.S. trade base, I rise in support of the motion to subsection (a) shall apply to taxable years representatives in the course of the recommit with instructions to insert ending after October 8, 1997. Subcommittee on Trade hearing on the into this bill the same provisions we (2) CHANGE IN METHOD OF ACCOUNTING.—In the case of any taxpayer required by the bill. have in other trade agreements per- amendment made by subsection (a) to It is worth noting, Mr. Speaker, that taining to textiles, and also language change its method of accounting for its first throughout the process, the adminis- that will address the transshipment taxable year ending after October 8, 1997— tration has agreed that illegal trans- problem. (A) such change shall be treated as initi- shipments and protection of domestic Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, I rise in ated by the taxpayer, industries remains a concern. opposition to the motion to recommit. (B) such change shall be treated as made While the full committee made a late The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. with the consent of the Secretary of the attempt to address the illegal trans- EWING). The gentleman from Illinois Treasury, and (Mr. CRANE) is recognized for 5 min- (C) the net amount of the adjustments re- shipment concerns in its markup of the quired to be taken into account by the tax- bill, the remedies provided are widely utes. payer under section 481 of the Internal Reve- believed not to be adequately protec- Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, I want to nue Code of 1986 shall be taken into account tive of American jobs, while still bene- say a few words about the proposal to in such first taxable year. fiting a well-developed Asian textile require that any apparel products re- Mr. BISHOP (during the reading). Mr. market. ceiving benefits under this bill be sewn in Africa only from U.S.-formed and Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that b 1645 the motion to recommit be considered -cut component parts. That would add, For instance, the bill as offered today as read and printed in the RECORD. 17 percent are the estimates, to the The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there would disallow benefits for 2 years to cost of the product and negate any pos- objection the request of the gentleman any importer found to be engaged in il- sibility of any textile and apparel com- from Georgia? legal transshipment. However, I myself ing from the sub-Saharan continent. There was no objection. have seen at the border that inad- What we are attempting to do here is The SPEAKER pro tempore. The gen- equate Customs resources do not allow to provide an opportunity for a section tleman from Georgia (Mr. BISHOP) is tracking of successor companies which of the world that numbers almost 700 recognized for 5 minutes. can be back in business in a few days million in population and which, in Mr. BISHOP. Mr. Speaker, we do nor does it allow monitoring of the terms of a component of our textile have a motion to recommit H.R. 1432. rules of origin. Furthermore, once the and apparel imports, which in 1996 to- The African Growth and Opportunity illegal goods flow into the U.S. stream taled $46 billion, their component was Act embodies an important ideal for of commerce, the damage is already $380 million; and ITC says, ‘‘Wow, that which I have long been in support; done. could almost double with this bill,’’ namely, that the countries of sub-Sa- To address this reality, we offered a add another $100 to $170 million. haran Africa should improve their eco- bipartisan substitute before the Com- Be realistic, folks. We are not look- nomic lot through development and mittee on Rules. Our substitute would ing at the kinds of threats that have trade. have incorporated substantial penalties been raised by some that have spoken This bill would begin the process, Mr. on the transshipping companies, allow in opposition to the legislation. I un- Speaker, of weaning these countries for seizure and forfeiture of textile and derstand they have constituencies that from our traditional direct aid rela- apparel goods and reform U.S. Customs have concerns. They have had concerns tionship. mitigation procedures. for years, long before this bill came I became an original cosponsor of Those procedures allow bad actors to down the pike, and they will have con- this bill for several reasons, and I still escape meaningful fines and penalties tinued concerns. believe that this ideal can be obtained. and to avoid punitive sanctions. Our Mr. Speaker, when all the fine words However, Mr. Speaker, charity begins substitute would provide that the spe- about encouraging economic develop- at home. cial access program established by the ment in Africa are set aside, the trade It was brought to my attention soon President should be modeled on the measures in H.R. 1432 stand out as con- after the bill’s introduction that the program already in effect for the coun- crete attempts to offer real opportuni- bill’s textile and apparel provisions tries of the Caribbean. This would in- ties and a solid transition path. We are could cause harm to these U.S. indus- clude only those articles of textile and moving from the old ways of transfer- tries as well as cause harm to the U.S. apparel which have been assembled ring billions of dollars in foreign aid market for cotton. from fabric formed from the yarn-stage and towards the goal that Africans Instead of going to the well and re- forward in the U.S. and cut in the U.S. have for themselves, economic health moving my name from the bill, I de- The thread used in sewing also must be and self-reliance. cided that I should work as an agent of spun in the U.S. I urge my colleagues to defeat the change to convince the bill’s sponsors What I have described is commonly motion to recommit. to have these troublesome sections referred to as an 807A-type program. It Mr. Speaker, I yield to the gentleman modified. is in this program where the win-win from New York (Mr. RANGEL), the dis- Indeed, the changes that we push for for the countries of sub-Saharan Africa tinguished ranking minority member. would have resulted in the textile and and the U.S. textile and cotton indus- Mr. RANGEL. I thank the distin- cotton industries embracing the bill tries lies. guished gentleman for yielding. Mr. and working for its passage for the bet- In short, Mr. Speaker, I urge that Speaker, I oppose the motion to recom- terment of the economies of the United this bill be sent back to committee and mit, but I would like to tell the gen- States and sub-Saharan Africa. The that it be perfected so that we can do tleman from Georgia (Mr. BISHOP) that changes that we advocated would be of something for sub-Saharan African there are things in this bill that can be great mutual benefit. countries, as well as the U.S. domestic perfected. In April of last year, nearly a year industries. The question of transshipment is al- ago, I secured assurances from the Mr. Speaker, I yield to the gentleman ways a serious problem with any trade ranking member of the Committee on from Georgia (Mr. COLLINS). bill. We have tried to tighten it up. The Ways and Means that these concerns Mr. COLLINS. Mr. Speaker, I thank bill has not passed the Senate. It will would be addressed. Not long after this, the gentleman for yielding. He has gra- go to conference. We hope to be work- the ranking member arranged a meet- ciously advised the House on the im- ing with the President, the WTO and ing between our staff, representatives portance of this committee and the im- Customs to make certain that we do of the textile and cotton industries, portance of his motion to recommit, not lose jobs, that we do not adversely and the Committee on Ways and which contains substitute language. affect the industries here. Of course, to Means’ staff. Mr. Speaker, on behalf of the textile say that Africans cannot manufacture We also continued to dialogue with workers, agriculture workers, their any African fabric does not make a the administration officials and had families and the communities which heck of a lot of sense, but I am certain, March 11, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H1083 working together, we can find some The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without NOES—224 compromise to improve the legislation. objection, the previous question is or- Allen Hastert Parker Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, I yield to dered on the motion to recommit. Archer Hastings (FL) Paul Armey Hastings (WA) Paxon our distinguished Speaker to make There was no objection. Barrett (NE) Hefley Payne concluding remarks. The SPEAKER pro tempore. The Bartlett Herger Pease Mr. GINGRICH. I thank the gen- question is on the motion to recommit. Barton Hill Peterson (PA) Bateman Hilliard Petri tleman for yielding. The question was taken; and the Bentsen Hinojosa Pitts Mr. Speaker, let me say first of all Speaker pro tempore announced that Bereuter Hobson Pombo that the Africa Growth and Oppor- the noes appeared to have it. Berman Hoekstra Porter tunity Act has taken 3 years of dedi- Bilbray Hooley Portman RECORDED VOTE Bilirakis Horn Pryce (OH) cated bipartisan work, led by the gen- Mr. BISHOP. Mr. Speaker, I demand Bliley Hostettler Quinn tleman from Illinois (Mr. CRANE), by Blumenauer Houghton Radanovich the gentleman from New York (Mr. a recorded vote. Blunt Hoyer Ramstad A recorded vote was ordered. Boehlert Hulshof Rangel RANGEL), by the gentleman from Texas Boehner Hutchinson Regula (Mr. ARCHER), by the gentleman from The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursu- Brady Hyde Riggs Washington (Mr. MCDERMOTT), by the ant to clause 5(b) of rule XV, the Chair Brown (FL) Istook Roemer will reduce to a minimum of 5 minutes Buyer Jackson (IL) Rogan gentleman from New York (Mr. HOUGH- Calvert Jackson-Lee Rothman TON), by the gentleman from California the period of time time within which a Camp (TX) Roukema (Mr. ROYCE), by the gentleman from vote by electronic device, if ordered, Campbell Jefferson Royce California (Mr. MATSUI). A lot of people will be taken on the question of pas- Cannon Johnson (CT) Ryun sage of the bill. Castle Johnson, E. B. Sabo worked on this bill. Chabot Johnson, Sam Salmon Let me say to my friends, this is a The vote was taken by electronic de- Chenoweth Kasich Sandlin very important bill. It is important, vice, and there were—ayes 193, noes 224, Christensen Kelly Saxton Cook Kilpatrick Scarborough first, because it says to the countries not voting 13, as follows: Cox Kim Schaefer, Dan of sub-Saharan Africa that if you meet [Roll No. 46] Crane Kind (WI) Schaffer, Bob Crapo King (NY) Scott the test of the rule of law, if you meet AYES—193 the test of private property, if you Cubin Klug Sensenbrenner Abercrombie Forbes Ney Cummings Knollenberg Sessions meet the test of moving towards a mar- Ackerman Fowler Norwood Davis (FL) Kolbe Shadegg ket economy, the United States wants Aderholt Frank (MA) Oberstar Davis (IL) LaHood Shaw to be your trading partner. This bill Andrews Ganske Obey Davis (VA) Lampson Shays sets the right standard. Bachus Gejdenson Olver DeGette Latham Shimkus Baesler Gephardt Ortiz DeLay LaTourette Shuster In conversations that I have had with Baker Gibbons Pallone Diaz-Balart Lazio Skaggs the presidents of Uganda and Ghana, Baldacci Goode Pappas Dicks Leach Skeen with the vice president of South Africa, Ballenger Goodlatte Pascrell Dixon Levin Smith (MI) Barcia Goodling Pastor Doggett Lewis (CA) Smith (NJ) all of them regard this as a significant Barr Gordon Pelosi Dooley Linder Smith (OR) step towards moving away from an aid- Barrett (WI) Graham Peterson (MN) Doolittle Lipinski Smith (TX) based system towards a trade-based Bass Green Pickering Dreier Livingston Smith, Adam Becerra Gutierrez Pickett Dunn LoBiondo Smith, Linda system and helping develop real jobs in Berry Hall (TX) Pomeroy Edwards Lofgren Snowbarger the world market. Bishop Hayworth Price (NC) Ehlers Lowey Snyder Second, this bill is an important bill Blagojevich Hefner Rahall Ehrlich Manzullo Souder Bonilla Hilleary Reyes English Matsui Sununu because it communicates our commit- Bonior Hinchey Riley Ensign McCarthy (NY) Tauscher ment to being in the world market Borski Holden Rivers Eshoo McCollum Taylor (NC) where we create American jobs com- Boswell Hunter Rogers Ewing McCrery Thomas peting successfully with everyone. I Boucher Inglis Rohrabacher Fattah McDermott Thune Boyd Jenkins Ros-Lehtinen Fawell McInnis Thurman would say to any of my friends who are Brown (CA) Johnson (WI) Roybal-Allard Fazio McKeon Tiahrt worried about protectionism, look at Brown (OH) Jones Rush Foley McKinney Towns the European experience where they Bryant Kanjorski Sanchez Ford Meek (FL) Turner Bunning Kaptur Sanders Fossella Meeks (NY) Upton have 12, 13 and 14 percent unemploy- Burr Kennedy (MA) Sanford Fox Menendez Visclosky ment. And then look at the American Burton Kennedy (RI) Sawyer Franks (NJ) Metcalf Walsh experience where in November and De- Callahan Kennelly Serrano Frelinghuysen Mica Waxman cember alone we created more jobs Canady Kildee Sherman Frost Millender- Weldon (FL) Cardin Kingston Sisisky Gallegly McDonald Weldon (PA) than Western Europe has created in the Carson Kleczka Skelton Gekas Miller (FL) Weller last decade. The fact is, being in the Chambliss Klink Slaughter Gilchrest Minge Wexler world market helps us create jobs be- Clay Kucinich Spence Gillmor Moran (VA) White Clayton LaFalce Spratt Gilman Morella Whitfield cause it forces us to be competitive. Clement Lantos Stark Goss Nethercutt Wise Finally, I would say to my good Clyburn Largent Stearns Granger Neumann Wolf friends from Georgia, both the gentle- Coble Lewis (GA) Stenholm Greenwood Northup Wynn men from the Republican side and the Coburn Lewis (KY) Stokes Gutknecht Nussle Young (AK) Collins Lucas Strickland Hall (OH) Owens Young (FL) Democratic side in their bipartisan ef- Combest Luther Stump Hamilton Oxley fort, if they will read pages 62 to 64 of Condit Maloney (CT) Stupak Hansen Packard the bill, they will see that trans- Conyers Maloney (NY) Talent NOT VOTING—13 shipments are specifically blocked, Cooksey Markey Tanner Costello Martinez Tauzin Deutsch Manton Schumer that the President, in fact, certifies Coyne Mascara Taylor (MS) Furse Poshard Solomon that countries have met our standards Cramer McCarthy (MO) Thompson Gonzalez Redmond Stabenow for transshipment, and that any parent Cunningham McDade Thornberry Harman Rodriguez Danner McGovern Tierney John Schiff company, if an Asian company, for ex- Deal McHale Torres ample, were to attempt to ship goods DeFazio McHugh Traficant inappropriately through an African Delahunt McIntosh Velazquez b 1711 country, we could level triple damages DeLauro McIntyre Vento Dickey McNulty Wamp Messrs. CUNNINGHAM, KENNEDY of against the quota of the Asian country. Dingell Meehan Waters Rhode Island, CALLAHAN, DICKEY So there is in fact a strong, legitimate Doyle Miller (CA) Watkins and MORAN of Kansas changed their antitransshipment provision. Duncan Mink Watt (NC) Emerson Moakley Watts (OK) vote from ‘‘no’’ to ‘‘aye.’’ This is a good bill. It is an important Engel Mollohan Weygand bill for our relationship with Africa. I Etheridge Moran (KS) Wicker So the motion to recommit was re- urge every Member to vote no on the Evans Murtha Woolsey jected. Everett Myrick Yates motion to recommit and then to vote Farr Nadler The result of the vote was announced yes on final passage. Filner Neal as above recorded. H1084 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 11, 1998

PERSONAL EXPLANATION Johnson (CT) Meehan Sandlin Souder Talent Visclosky Johnson, E. B. Meek (FL) Sawyer Spence Tanner Walsh Ms. STABENOW. Mr. Speaker, I missed the Johnson, Sam Meeks (NY) Scarborough Spratt Taylor (MS) Wamp vote on rollcall no. 46. On the motion to re- Kasich Menendez Scott Stark Taylor (NC) Watt (NC) commit with instructions for H.R. 1432, the Af- Kelly Millender- Sessions Stearns Thompson Weldon (PA) rican Growth and Opportunity Act; has I been Kennedy (MA) McDonald Shadegg Stenholm Thornberry Weygand Kennelly Miller (FL) Shaw Stokes Tierney Whitfield present, I would have voted yes. Kilpatrick Minge Shays Strickland Torres Wicker (Mr. ARMEY asked and was given Kim Moran (VA) Shimkus Stump Traficant Woolsey permission to speak out of order.) Kind (WI) Morella Shuster Stupak Velazquez Young (AK) King (NY) Neal Skaggs LEGISLATIVE PROGRAM Klug Nethercutt Skeen NOT VOTING—12 Mr. ARMEY. Mr. Speaker, I thank Knollenberg Northup Smith (MI) Deutsch John Rodriguez the Members for their attention. Kolbe Nussle Smith (TX) Furse Manton Sanchez LaHood Owens Smith, Adam Gonzalez Poshard Schiff Mr. Speaker, we have been working Lampson Oxley Smith, Linda Harman Redmond Schumer with the gentleman from Texas (Mr. Largent Packard Snowbarger SMITH) and the gentleman from North Latham Parker Snyder b 1721 LaTourette Paxon Stabenow Carolina (Mr. WATT) about the Tucker Lazio Payne Sununu Mr. MARKEY and Mr. BARRETT of Act, the bill to be taken up tonight, Leach Pease Tauscher Wisconsin changed their vote from and we reached an arrangement that Levin Pelosi Tauzin ‘‘no’’ to ‘‘aye.’’ allows us to inform the Members that Lewis (CA) Peterson (PA) Thomas Lewis (GA) Petri Thune So the bill was passed. we will, on the next vote, have the last Linder Pitts Thurman The result of the vote was announced vote of the evening. There will be gen- Livingston Pombo Tiahrt as above recorded. eral debate and some work on the Lofgren Pomeroy Towns A motion to reconsider was laid on Tucker Act, for those who are inter- Lowey Porter Turner Luther Portman Upton the table. ested in that, but any votes on the Maloney (NY) Pryce (OH) Vento f Tucker Act will be postponed until to- Manzullo Radanovich Waters morrow. Markey Ramstad Watkins Watts (OK) PERSONAL EXPLANATION So following the next vote, the Mem- Martinez Rangel Matsui Regula Waxman Mr. DEUTSCH. Mr. Speaker, I was unavoid- bers will have had their last vote for Weldon (FL) McCarthy (MO) Riggs ably absent from the Chamber on Rollcall vote the evening, and I want to thank the McCarthy (NY) Rivers Weller McCollum Roemer Wexler Numbers 44, 45, 46, and 47. Had I been gentleman from Texas (Mr. SMITH) and McCrery Rogan White present, I would have voted nay on Rollcall the gentleman from North Carolina McDade Ros-Lehtinen Wise vote 44, nay on Rollcall vote 45, aye on Roll- (Mr. WATT) for their cooperation. McDermott Rothman Wolf McInnis Roukema Wynn call vote 46 and aye on Rollcall vote 47. b 1715 McIntosh Royce Yates f McKeon Ryun Young (FL) The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. McKinney Sabo GENERAL LEAVE EWING). The question is on the passage McNulty Salmon Mr. ROYCE. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan- of the bill. NOES—186 The question was taken; and the imous consent that all Members may Abercrombie Diaz-Balart McGovern have 5 legislative days within which to Speaker pro tempore announced that Aderholt Dickey McHale the ayes appeared to have it. revise and extend their remarks and to Andrews Dingell McHugh include extraneous material on H.R. RECORDED VOTE Bachus Doyle McIntyre Baesler Duncan Metcalf 1432, the African Growth and Oppor- Mr. DICKS. Mr. Speaker, I demand a Baldacci Emerson Mica tunity Act. recorded vote. Ballenger Ensign Miller (CA) The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there A recorded vote was ordered. Barcia Etheridge Mink Barr Evans Moakley objection to the request of the gen- The SPEAKER pro tempore. This Bartlett Everett Mollohan tleman from California? will be a 5-minute vote. Berry Farr Moran (KS) There was no objection. The vote was taken by electronic de- Bilirakis Filner Murtha vice, and there were—ayes 233, noes 186, Bishop Forbes Myrick f Blunt Fowler Nadler not voting 12, as follows: Bonilla Frank (MA) Neumann REMOVAL OF NAME OF MEMBER [Roll No. 47] Bonior Gejdenson Ney AS COSPONSOR OF H.R. 2495 Borski Gibbons Norwood AYES—233 Boucher Goode Oberstar Mr. FORD. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani- Ackerman Crane Gephardt Boyd Goodling Obey mous consent that my name be re- Allen Cubin Gilchrest Brown (CA) Gordon Olver Archer Cummings Gillmor Brown (OH) Graham Ortiz moved as a cosponsor of the bill, H.R. Armey Davis (FL) Gilman Bryant Green Pallone 2495. Baker Davis (VA) Gingrich Bunning Greenwood Pappas The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there Barrett (NE) DeGette Goodlatte Burr Gutierrez Pascrell objection to the request of the gen- Barrett (WI) DeLay Goss Burton Hall (TX) Pastor Barton Dicks Granger Buyer Hefley Paul tleman from Tennessee? Bass Dixon Gutknecht Callahan Hefner Peterson (MN) There was no objection. Bateman Doggett Hall (OH) Canady Hilleary Pickering Becerra Dooley Hamilton Carson Holden Pickett f Bentsen Doolittle Hansen Chambliss Hostettler Price (NC) Bereuter Dreier Hastert Chenoweth Hunter Quinn REMOVAL OF NAME OF MEMBER Berman Dunn Hastings (FL) Clay Inglis Rahall AS COSPONSOR OF H.R. 1670 Bilbray Edwards Hastings (WA) Clayton Jackson (IL) Reyes Blagojevich Ehlers Hayworth Clement Jenkins Riley Mr. FROST. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan- Bliley Ehrlich Herger Clyburn Johnson (WI) Rogers imous consent to have my name re- Blumenauer Engel Hill Coble Jones Rohrabacher moved as a cosponsor of H.R. 1670. Boehlert English Hilliard Coburn Kanjorski Roybal-Allard Boehner Eshoo Hinchey Collins Kaptur Rush The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. Boswell Ewing Hinojosa Combest Kennedy (RI) Sanders EWING). Is there objection to the re- Brady Fattah Hobson Condit Kildee Sanford quest of the gentleman from Texas? Brown (FL) Fawell Hoekstra Conyers Kingston Saxton There was no objection. Calvert Fazio Hooley Cooksey Kleczka Schaefer, Dan Camp Foley Horn Costello Klink Schaffer, Bob f Campbell Ford Houghton Cramer Kucinich Sensenbrenner Cannon Fossella Hoyer Crapo LaFalce Serrano PERSONAL EXPLANATION Cardin Fox Hulshof Cunningham Lantos Sherman Castle Franks (NJ) Hutchinson Danner Lewis (KY) Sisisky Mr. LUTHER. Mr. Speaker, during Chabot Frelinghuysen Hyde Davis (IL) Lipinski Skelton the past few weeks I have missed some Christensen Frost Istook Deal LoBiondo Slaughter votes due to an illness in my family. Cook Gallegly Jackson-Lee DeFazio Lucas Smith (NJ) Cox Ganske (TX) Delahunt Maloney (CT) Smith (OR) On January 28, 1998, House Vote 2, Robert Coyne Gekas Jefferson DeLauro Mascara Solomon K. Dornan Election ChallengeÐMotion To