Addressing Africa's Lack of Infrastructure
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Load more
Recommended publications
-
African Development Report 2015 Growth, Poverty and Inequality Nexus
African Development Report 2015 African Despite earlier periods of limited growth, African economies Sustaining recent growth successes while making future growth have grown substantially over the past decade. However, poverty more inclusive requires smart policies to diversify the sources African Development and inequality reduction has remained less responsive to growth of growth and to ensure broad-based participation across successes across the continent. How does growth affect poverty segments of society. Africa needs to adopt a new development and inequality? How can Africa overcome contemporary and trajectory that focuses on effective structural transformation. Report 2015 future sustainable development challenges? This 2015 edition Workers need to move from low productivity sectors to those of the African Development Report (ADR) offers analysis, where both productivity and earnings are higher. Key poverty- Growth, Poverty and Inequality Nexus: synthesis and recommendations that are relevant to these reducing sectors, such as agriculture and manufacturing, should Overcoming Barriers to Sustainable Development questions. The objective of this Report is to guide policy be targeted and accorded high priority for public and private Growth, Poverty Growth, Development and Inequality Sustainable to Nexus: Overcoming Barriers processes by contributing to the debate analysing what has investment. Adding value to many of Africa’s primary exports happened during recent years, what has worked well, what may earn the continent a competitive margin in international hasn’t worked well, and what needs to be done to address markets, while also meeting domestic market needs, especially further barriers to sustainable development in Africa? Africa’s with regard to food security. Apart from the need to prioritise recent economic growth has not been accompanied by a real certain sectors, other policy recommendations emanating from structural transformation. -
Infrastructure for Economic Development and Poverty Reduction in Africa
THE GLOBAL URBAN ECONOMIC DIALOGUE SERIES Despite the perceived role of efficient infrastructure as a critical element for economic growth,poverty reduction and the attainment of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), there is abundant evidence that Africa’s infrastructure is much below international standards in terms of quantity and quality. This paper is an appraisal of the role of infrastructure in economic development and poverty eradication in Africa. The relevance of infrastructure to growth and poverty alleviation in Africa is empirically robust. In addition to overt neglect of the sector by African governments since attaining independence, there has been a “policy mistake” founded on the dogma of the 1980s/90s that infrastructure would be financed by the private sector. This has not materialized and INFRASTRUCTURE FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND REDUCTION IN AFRICA POVERTY the results have been rather disappointing, especially in water and transport, two extremely important sectors. Poverty was not carefully addressed as part of the regulatory and other reform packages implemented during the 1990s. Not surprisingly, the infrastructure needs of the poor, the majority of who reside in rural and peri-urban areas have not been met. They continue to rely on unsafe, unreliable and often overpriced alternatives to compensate for the policy failures. Access, affordability and quality of service continue to be key INFRASTRUCTURE issues in all infrastructure sectors. There is now a significant base of experience during much of the last 25 years from which useful FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT lessons can be learned.The choice is no longer simply a dichotomy between public and private provision but mutual collaboration AND POVERTY REDUCTION and pragmatism between the two sectors. -
Sudan National Report
REPUBLIC OF THE SUDSN MINISTRY OF FINANCE AND ECONOMIC PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION OF ISTANBOUL PLAN OF ACTION FOR LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES (IPoA) 2011-2020 SUDAN NATIONAL REPORT Khartoum October 2019 Contents I. Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................. 1 II. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 4 III. The National Development Planning Process .................................................................................. 5 IV. Assessment of Progress and Challenges in the Implementation of the Istanbul Program of Action for the Decade 2011-2020 ............................................................................................................................ 7 a) Productive Capacity ......................................................................................................................... 7 b) Agriculture, Food Security and Rural Development ...................................................................... 16 c) Trade .............................................................................................................................................. 17 d) Commodities .................................................................................................................................. 19 e) Private Sector Development .......................................................................................................... -
AFRICAN INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT: What Should Be Done to Win the Next Decade?
AFRICAN INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT: What should be done to win the next decade? Mahmoud Arbouch & Oumayma Bourhriba 1 INTRODUCTION Africa is experiencing economic growth deceleration that reached 2.9% on average between 2010 and 2018, against 5.4% between 2000 and 2010. The sectoral performance of African economies depends critically on the stock and quality of infrastructure, directly as an essential input (for example, energy and transport) and indirectly by increasing total factor productivity. African economic integration, and the hoped-for emergence, can never be fully achieved with poor infrastructure, both in terms of quantity, quality, and access. Africa’s changing demogra- phics will eventually strain the existing infrastructure, particularly the health and education infrastructure, and thus have a detrimental effect on the human capital that forms the backbone of economic growth and development. The current COVID-19 health and economic crisis comes as a reminder of the necessity of protecting and inves- ting in the individual first of all, as human labour and demand are cornerstones of economic growth. One key message is that a two-fold approach, aiming to address Africa’s infrastructure funding and efficiency gaps, is necessary to develop the continent’s total infrastructure to spur productivity and output, and allow signi- ficant economic and social development for the continent. CURRENT STATE, MAJOR FAILINGS AND CONSEQUENCES: AFRICA’S INFRASTRUCTURE PERFORMANCE LAGS BEHIND THAT OF THE REST OF THE WORLD: In Africa, underdeveloped infrastructure continues to be a binding constraint to economic growth. Unreliable and costly infrastructure is stalling growth by 2 percentage points each year (Foster and Briceno-Garmendia, 2010). -
Financing Public Infrastructure in Sub-Saharan Africa: Patterns, Issues, and Options
SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND PAPER 15 AFRICA INFRASTRUCTURE COUNTRY DIAGNOSTIC Financing Public Infrastructure in Sub-Saharan Africa: Patterns, Issues, and Options Cecilia Briceño-G., Karlis Smits, and Vivien Foster June 2008 This report was produced by the World Bank with funding and other support from (in alphabetical order): the African Union, the Agence Française de Développement, the European Union, the New Economic Partnership for Africa’s Development, the Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility, and the U.K. Department for International Development. About AICD This study is part of the Africa Infrastructure Country Diagnostic (AICD), a project designed to expand the world’s knowledge of physical infrastructure in Africa. AICD will provide a baseline against which future improvements in infrastructure services can be measured, making it possible to monitor the results achieved from donor support. It should also provide a more solid empirical foundation for prioritizing investments and designing policy reforms in the infrastructure sectors in Africa. AICD will produce a series of reports (such as this one) that provide an overview of the status of public expenditure, investment needs, and sector performance in each of the main infrastructure sectors, including energy, information and communication technologies, irrigation, transport, and water and sanitation. The World Bank will publish a summary of AICD’s findings in spring 2008. The underlying data will be made available to the public through an interactive Web site allowing users to download customized data reports and perform simple simulation exercises. The first phase of AICD focuses on 24 countries that together account for 85 percent of the gross domestic product, population, and infrastructure aid flows of Sub-Saharan Africa. -
Africa's Power Infrastructure
DIRECTIONS IN DEVELOPMENT Infrastructure Africa’s Power Infrastructure Investment, Integration, Efficiency Anton Eberhard Orvika Rosnes Maria Shkaratan Haakon Vennemo Africa’s Power Infrastructure Africa’s Power Infrastructure Investment, Integration, Efficiency Anton Eberhard Orvika Rosnes Maria Shkaratan Haakon Vennemo Vivien Foster and Cecilia Briceño-Garmendia, Series Editors © 2011 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org All rights reserved 1 2 3 4 14 13 12 11 This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The bound- aries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgement on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA; telephone: 978-750-8400; fax: 978-750-4470; Internet: www.copyright.com. -
Medicalisation of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting in Sudan: Shifts in Types and Providers
MEDICALISATION OF FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION/CUTTING IN SUDAN: SHIFTS IN TYPES AND PROVIDERS October 2018 MEDICALISATION OF FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION/CUTTING IN SUDAN: SHIFTS IN TYPES AND PROVIDERS NAFISA BEDRI HUDA SHERFI GHADA RODWAN SARA ELHADI WAFA ELAMIN GENDER AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AND RIGHTS RESOURCE AND ADVOCACY CENTER AHFAD UNIVERSITY FOR WOMEN OCTOBER 2018 The Evidence to End FGM/C: Research to Help Girls and Women Thrive generates evidence to inform and influence investments, policies, and programmes for ending female genital mutilation/cutting in different contexts. Evidence to End FGM/C is led by the Population Council, Nairobi in partnership with the Africa Coordinating Centre for the Abandonment of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (ACCAF), Kenya; the Gender and Reproductive Health and Rights Resource and Advocacy Center (GRACE), Sudan; the Global Research and Advocacy Group (GRAG), Senegal; Population Council, Nigeria; Population Council, Egypt; Population Council, Ethiopia; MannionDaniels, Ltd. (MD); Population Reference Bureau (PRB); University of California, San Diego (Dr. Gerry Mackie); and University of Washington, Seattle (Prof. Bettina Shell-Duncan). The Population Council confronts critical health and development issues—from stopping the spread of HIV to improving reproductive health and ensuring that young people lead full and productive lives. Through biomedical, social science, and public health research in 50 countries, we work with our partners to deliver solutions that lead to more effective policies, programmes, -
Spotlight on Sudan
REGIONAL PROGRAM POLITICAL DIALOGUE SOUTH MEDITERRANEAN FOREWORD At the crossroads between Sub-Saharan Africa, North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, Sudan is keeping pace with the political developments of the entire region. Yet, little studied, the country is not very visible to research institutions and think tanks due to difficult access to information. The recent developments that have brought Sudan to the forefront have also highlighted the extent to which this country of 42 million inhabitants has its destiny linked to the countries on the southern Mediterranean. Indeed, from the sending of Sudanese militiamen to Libya to the discussions on normalization with Israel through the numerous transactions with the Egyptian neighbor, Sudan is a country that impacts the southern Mediterranean in a deep and constant way. Furthermore, in addition to the internal ongoing conflicts, Sudan has found itself in the middle of the Nile river dispute between Ethiopia and its north African neighbor Egypt. Faced with this, and following a common reflection, the Regional Program Political Dialogue South Mediterranean of the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung decided to open its geographical scope to Sudan and develop more knowledge about this country through various events and programs. SPOTLIGHT ON SUDAN In this sense, our regional program elaborated this study striving to highlight the recent developments in Sudan, its impact on the country’s neighbors and the geopolitical situation. Thomas Volk Director Regional Program Political Dialogue South Mediterranean -
East and Horn of Africa
East and Horn of Africa Major developments espite the fact that several of the countries in Dthe subregion were confronted by many socio- economic and political challenges, a number of im- portant political developments had a positive impact on the lives of the refugees. The continuing, albeit reluctant, compliance of Eritrea and Ethiopia with the decision of the Boundary Commission in The Hague allowed for the repatriation of thousands of returnees to Eritrea and their reintegration. The agreement on security and sharing of wealth between the Government of Sudan and the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A) under the IGAD-led peace negotiations in Naivasha, Kenya, raised hopes of bringing the protracted Djibouti Sudanese war to an end. Eritrea However, in the course of the year, in western Ethiopia Sudan, serious fighting broke out between groups affiliated with the Government of Sudan and its Kenya opponents in the region of Darfur, creating massive internal and external population displacements. By Somalia the end of the year, some 110,000 Sudanese had Sudan crossed into neighbouring Chad and more than 700,000 persons were estimated to be internally dis- Uganda placed in western Sudan. The ongoing peace talks on southern Sudan were negatively affected by the humanitarian crisis in Darfur, which had not been resolved at the time of reporting. East and Horn of Africa In North-west Somalia (“Somaliland”), a peaceful In 2003, the deteriorating security situation along multi party presidential election was held on 14 April the eastern border of Sudan repeatedly caused the 2003, marking a milestone in the democratization suspension of registration for voluntary repatriation process. -
Adaptive Water Management in the Lake Chad Basin Addressing Current Challenges and Adapting to Future Needs
Seminar Proceedings Adaptive Water Management in the Lake Chad Basin Addressing current challenges and adapting to future needs World Water Week, Stockholm, August 16-22, 2009 Adaptive Water Management in the Lake Chad Basin Addressing current challenges and adapting to future needs World Water Week, Stockholm, August 16-22, 2009 Contents Acknowledgements 4 Seminar Overview 5 The Project for Water Transfer from Oubangui to Lake Chad 9 The Application of Climate Adaptation Systems and Improvement of 19 Predictability Systems in the Lake Chad Basin The Aquifer Recharge and Storage Systems to Halt the High Level of Evapotranspiration 29 Appraisal and Up-Scaling of Water Conservation and Small-Scale Agriculture Technologies 45 Summary and Conclusions 59 4 Adaptive Water Management in the Lake Chad Basin Acknowledgements The authors wish to express their gratitude to the following persons for their support; namely: Claudia Casarotto for the technical revision and Edith Mahabir for editing. Thanks to their continuous support and prompt action, it was possible to meet the very narrow deadline to produce it. Seminar Overview 5 Seminar Overview Maher Salman, Technical Officer, NRL, FAO Alex Blériot Momha, Director of Information, LCBC The entire geographical basin of the Lake Chad covers 8 percent of the surface area of the African continent, shared between the countries of Algeria, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Libya, Niger, Nigeria and Sudan. In recent decades, the open water surface of Lake Chad has reduced from approximately 25 000 km2 in 1963, to less than 2 000 km2 in the 1990s heavily impacting the Basin’s economic activities and food security. -
South Sudan Climate Vulnerability Profile: Sector- and Location-Specific Climate Risks and Resilience Recommendations
PHOTO CREDIT: USAID|SOUTH SUDAN SOUTH SUDAN CLIMATE VULNERABILITY PROFILE: SECTOR- AND LOCATION-SPECIFIC CLIMATE RISKS AND RESILIENCE RECOMMENDATIONS MAY 2019 This document was prepared for USAID/South Sudan by The Cadmus Group LLC under USAID’s Global Environmental Management Support Program, Contract Number GS-10F-0105J. Authors: Colin Quinn, Ashley Fox, Kye Baroang, Dan Evans, Melq Gomes, and Josh Habib The Cadmus Group, LLC The contents are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................................ 1 FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................................................................................. 2 HISTORICAL AND FUTURE CLIMATE CHANGE IN SOUTH SUDAN ...................................................................... 2 AGRICULTURE VULNERABILITY AND RESILIENCE ........................................................................................................ 3 CLIMATE CHANGE, MIGRATION AND CONFLICT ....................................................................................................... 5 THE VULNERABILITY OF THE SUDD WETLAND ............................................................................................................ 6 POTENTIAL AREAS OF INVESTMENT TO IMPROVE CLIMATE RESILIENCE .......................................................... -
Françafrique and the Prohibition of the Use of Force
Article Françafrique and the Prohibition of the Use of Force Ricarda Roesch1 Abstract TWAIL challenges the western origin of international law as well as its instrumentalisation by the global North. The prohibition of the use of force is a norm that, nevertheless, corresponds to the interests of the Third World, as it can help to ensure their territorial integrity. However, Art. 2(4) tends to be disrespected by western powers. An example thereof is the long tradition of French interventionism in Africa. After the end of colonialism, France continued its policy of interference, best described by the notion of Françafrique. The most recent examples are the military interventions in Côte d'Ivoire and Mali. This paper assesses how French interventionism has undermined the prohibition of the use of force. It will be shown that a gap between the official justification used by the French and their real intentions exists. The French tradition of intervention in its former colonies undermines the prohibition of the use of force and decreases the credibility of the UN Charter and the UN system. The TWAIL critique with regard to the law on the use of force is therefore justified. I. Introduction International law and its making have a long, but mainly Eurocentric history. Since the beginning of European imperialism, Western nations have tried to export their understanding of the state, culture and law to the rest of the world, actively using the law as a tool for manifesting their hegemonic position. With the beginning of the anticolonial struggle in many countries in the global South, resistance also grew against international law and international institutions.