EDDA How H2a1 MtDNA Lineages in Lesser Caucasus have recorded and transmitted the most ancient and longest lasting Human Testimony, describing the Transition between Neolithic and Eneolithic on the Kura-Araxes Rivers, the Rise of R1a Y- Chromosome lineages who triggered a Military pendular Migration in Eurasia and the founding Events of the Achaemenid Empire Marc-Olivier Rondu To Gloria, my grandmother, the little shepherdess of Pandoses who drove the cattle in the mountain Cover Picture: Noble Woman from Shushi, early 20th century Legal deposit: July 2017 Copyright © 2017 Marc-Olivier Rondu all rights reserved 2 The modern phylogeography of H2a1 MtDNA questioned us about the origin of the haplogroup and why it has spread worldwide in a star like shape pattern whose symmetric centre is located in Lesser Caucasus. Our research led us back to the Lesser Caucasus during Holocene where the obsidian and riches mining resources attracted foreign populations who settled among Hunter Gatherers in a narrow band of highlands. While the use of obsidian continued locally, metallurgy and trade at long distance dominated the global stakes, transforming the highlands formerly dominated by Farmers and Hunter Gatherers into a cosmopolitan hub of exchange. Pressure and competition between representatives of foreign communities who managed the providing of precious resources increased the social impact of ‘genetic incidents’ which occurred in a single brotherhood born from a ruling couple represented today by the young male found in the Areni-1 Bird’s Eye Cave (L1a/ H2a1 MtDNA). Thanks to ancient sources and ancient DNA, we demonstrate in that paper that recurrent metal pollution (copper) is suspected to be responsible of a Oculocutaneous Albinism in a brotherhood born in ruling family from the southern Lesser Caucasus. This ‘Illness’ triggered a political crisis and provoked a major ‘incident’ whose story will be broadcasted in each foreign community. By marriages, men and women (H2a1 MtDNA) of this brotherhood will not only broadcast worldwide the Oculocutaneous Albinism characteristics but also their dramatic dynastic history along migrations roads controlled by each community. The broadcasting became rapidly worldwide and the depigmentation’s characteristics followed trade ‘Elites’ in each foreign population. Our linguistic analysis of ancient sources revealed the narratives’ main characters didn’t get any noun or forename but was identified by their geographical place, health, main day to day activity or contextual action under the form of an adjective. This particularity also applied on larger human groups which most of times took the name of their main agricultural activities, industrial production or warfare activities or technics. This phenomenon of antonomasia could have been repeated several times for a single human being or a single human group, giving them several names according to the context, creating by mistake countless of tribes, peoples and heroes in the imagination of historians and artists since Antiquity while we have discovered a very limited number of individuals. Generally, those anthroponyms find their counterparts in modern Dravidian or Azeri languages as if there was never had a rupture. This crucial discovery allowed us to map the different human groups or individuals thanks to their ‘names’ born from antonomasia. We discovered that when women (H2a1 MtDNA) seemed to adapt in all contexts, their narrative seemed to have been influenced by different males Y-Chromosome haplogroups who imposed their vocabulary to local languages. Thus the vocabulary on which is composed a well-known story told us about who broadcasted it and from where. For instance in Mesopotamia R1a/ R1b Y-chromosome haplogroups imposed a proto-Azeri vocabulary (Gilgameš), in Levant and Egypt with R1b/ R1a/ L1 and J1 imposed a mixt proto-Dravidian/ Azeri vocabulary (Genesis in Hebraic Bible), in Scandinavia (Edda) with R1a under the form of poems perfectly conserved in the Icelandic tradition almost composed of a proto-Azeri vocabulary, but tinted with some proto-Dravidian words. However, in Greece, a probable L1 vector with the Transcaucasian J2 Y-chromosome haplogroup imposed a proto-Dravidian vocabulary, with some proto-Azeri inputs which adapted in Aegean context and became what is called today the Greek Mythology. All these narratives depict from different points of view the geography of a mythical homeland we have reconstructed with a great accuracy and details in Lesser Caucasus, along the Kura-Araxes and Vorotan- Hakari Rivers. The events told in these stories give life to Prehistory and Eneolithic. 3 Content Human Structures ................................................................................................................................... 6 Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Haplogroups as Identities ................................................... 7 Hydrological Lexical Field reveals Indian Expansions toward Lesser Caucasus during Neolithic thanks to the Dravidian Labio-dental Fricative /v/............................................................................ 12 Birth of Agricultural Technics, Birth of Agricultural Castes ............................................................... 27 Yggdrasil: Ijdrahddr ........................................................................................................................... 35 Mythology as Unexpected Accurate and comprehensive Historical Source ...................................... 36 History of Men ................................................................................................................................... 37 Lesser Caucasus: Homeland of Greek Mythology ............................................................................. 41 A Unic Testimony of Holocene’s Changes and an accurate Description of Neolithic Societies in Lesser Caucasus ................................................................................................................................. 43 The Importance of the Insightful Greek Myth of Danae ................................................................... 50 Misgər / Misgər Dərə - Midgardr/ Miðgarðr/: Zangezur Mining Complex in Eneolithic Period ....... 54 Copper Pollution: Cases of Epidemic Albinism in a Single Brotherhood ........................................... 57 The Rise of the Horse Breeders’ Caste ................................................................................................. 60 When the Maritime Plain rose from the Sea..................................................................................... 61 Wealthy Merchants – Soldiers .......................................................................................................... 64 Əsgərabad, Domain of Odin .............................................................................................................. 66 Gigantomachia: Flood and New Leader ............................................................................................... 73 War against the Titans: Titanomachy and the History of Noah ........................................................ 74 Noah/ Niord from Noatun: Life after the Flood ................................................................................ 77 Danaïdes ............................................................................................................................................... 84 H2a1 MtDNA in Egypt: The Migration of Caucasian Farmers toward Egypt and the Myth of the Danaids .............................................................................................................................................. 85 R1a and H2a1 in northern Europe: Early Amber Road ...................................................................... 87 Expansion of Faith ................................................................................................................................ 92 King, Protector of the Warrior’s Soul ................................................................................................ 93 Gilgameš Epic ...................................................................................................................................... 100 Gilgameš: First Retrospective .......................................................................................................... 101 Inanna and the Huluppu Tree .......................................................................................................... 103 Odin versus Gullveig: Inanna the Denunciator ................................................................................ 104 Gilgameš: Youth and Impiety Acts ................................................................................................... 105 Enkidu/ əkiz Doğulmuş: Gilgameš meets his ‘Twin Brother’ ........................................................... 110 4 Tərtər ............................................................................................................................................... 114 Gəncə: Ganzer the Palace of Éreškigal, Hell for Inana .................................................................... 118 BIBLIOGRAPHY .............................................................................................................................. 120 5 Human Structures 6 Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Haplogroups as Identities Holocene and Neolithic Expansion Anatolia 12,000 years ago with the first Pre- Pottery Neolithic villages and