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IATA Sustainable Aviation Fuel Roadmap

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IATA Sustainable Aviation Fuel Roadmap IATA Sustainable Aviation Fuel Roadmap 1st Edition NOTICE DISCLAIMER. The information contained in this publication is subject to constant review in the light of changing government requirements and regulations. No subscriber or other reader should act on the basis of any such information without referring to applicable laws and regulations and/ or without taking appropriate professional advice. Although every effort has been made to ensure accuracy, the International Air Transport Association shall not be held responsible for any loss or damage caused by errors, omissions, misprints or misinterpretation of the contents hereof. Furthermore, the International Air Transport Association expressly disclaims any and all liability to any person or entity, whether a purchaser of this publication or not, in respect of anything done or omitted, and the consequences of anything done or omitted, by any such person or entity in reliance on the contents of this publication. © International Air Transport Association. All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, recast, reformatted or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system, without the prior written permission from: Senior Vice President Member & External Relations and Corporate Secretary International Air Transport Association 33, Route de l’Aéroport 1215 Geneva 15 Airport Switzerland IATA Sustainable Aviation Fuel Roadmap ISBN 978-92-9252-704-4 © 2015 International Air Transport Association. All rights reserved. Montreal—Geneva Table of Content List of Figures ........................................................................................................................................... v List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................ vi Foreword ..................................................................................................................................................vii Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................viii Section 1—Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background and Aim of the Roadmap .......................................................................................... 1 1.2 Industry Commitments ................................................................................................................. 2 Section 2—Timeline .................................................................................................................................. 4 2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 4 2.2 Test Flights .................................................................................................................................. 5 2.3 Certification ................................................................................................................................. 5 2.4 Commercial Flights ...................................................................................................................... 7 2.5 Multi-stakeholder Sustainable Aviation Fuel Initiatives .................................................................. 9 2.6 Airline/fuel Supplier Collaboration ...............................................................................................12 2.7 Airport SAF Supply .....................................................................................................................13 2.8 National and Industry Targets .....................................................................................................15 2.9 Supply and Demand Evolution ....................................................................................................16 2.10 Political and Economic Perspectives ...........................................................................................17 2.11 Long-term Developments ............................................................................................................18 Section 3—Technical and Economic Background .................................................................................21 3.1 Technology Pathways and Cost Expectations .............................................................................21 3.2 Fischer-Tropsch (FT) ..................................................................................................................21 3.3 HEFA..........................................................................................................................................22 3.4 Synthesized Iso-Paraffins from Hydroprocessed Fermented Sugars (SIP) ...................................22 3.5 Cost Expectations of Technology Pathways ................................................................................22 3.6 Availability and Economics of Feedstock Worldwide ....................................................................23 3.7 Wood and Forestry Residues ......................................................................................................24 3.8 Agricultural Biomass ...................................................................................................................25 3.9 Algae ..........................................................................................................................................26 3.10 Wastes and Residues .................................................................................................................26 3.11 Cost Expectations of Feedstock ..................................................................................................27 3.12 SAF Efficiencies and Associated Lifecycle Emissions..................................................................27 1st Edition 2015 i IATA Sustainable Aviation Fuel Roadmap 3.13 SAF Supply Chain ...................................................................................................................... 29 3.14 Biojet Fuel Price ......................................................................................................................... 29 3.14.1 Evolution of Fossil Jet Fuel Price ........................................................................................ 30 3.14.2 Price Forecast .................................................................................................................... 30 3.14.3 Links between the Prices of Biofuels and Food ................................................................... 31 3.15 Differences, Competition and Synergies with the Road Transport Biofuels Industry .................... 31 3.15.1 Differences ......................................................................................................................... 31 3.15.2 Synergies and Competition ................................................................................................. 32 3.16 IATA‟s Role in the Commercialization and Deployment of SAF ................................................... 33 Section 4—Sustainability Assessment and Proposals for Harmonization ........................................... 34 4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 34 4.2 Overview of Legislation on Biofuels ............................................................................................ 34 4.2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 34 4.2.1.1 Overview of Some National and Regional Initiatives ........................................................ 34 4.2.2 European Union (EU) ............................................................................................................. 35 4.2.3 United States (US) ................................................................................................................. 37 4.2.4 Brazil...................................................................................................................................... 39 4.2.5 Australia ................................................................................................................................. 39 4.3 Comparison between the RED and RFS .................................................................................... 40 4.3.1 Similarities between the Standards ......................................................................................... 40 4.3.2 Differences between the Standards ........................................................................................ 41 4.4 Overview and Comparison of Relevant Voluntary Schemes........................................................ 44 4.4.1 Voluntary Scheme Selection ................................................................................................... 44 4.4.2 Review of Selected Voluntary Schemes ................................................................................. 45 4.5 Comparison of Key Aspects of Voluntary Schemes .................................................................... 45 4.6 Development of Proposals for Harmonization ............................................................................
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