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Ultrasound with Laparoscopy for the Diagnosis of Abdominal Disorders in Cattle1 José Ricardo B

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Ultrasound with Laparoscopy for the Diagnosis of Abdominal Disorders in Cattle1 José Ricardo B Pesq. Vet. Bras. 41:e06845, 2021 DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-PVB-6845 Original Article Livestock Diseases ISSN 0100-736X (Print) ISSN 1678-5150 (Online) Ultrasound with laparoscopy for the diagnosis of abdominal disorders in cattle1 José Ricardo B. Silva2, José Augusto B. Afonso3, Carla L. Mendonça3, Jobson Filipe P. Cajueiro3, Juliana M. Alonso2 3, Rodolpho A. Rebouças3 and Celso Antônio Rodrigues2* , Uila A.A. Alcântara ABSTRACT.- U.A.A., Rebouças R.A. & Rodrigues C.A. 2021. Study of ultrasound with laparoscopy for the diagnosis Silvaof abdominal J.R.B., Afonso disorders J.A.B., in Mendonça cattle. Pesquisa C.L., Cajueiro Veterinária J.F.P., Brasileira Alonso 41:e06845, J.M., Alcântara 2021. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de 41 Júnior, Botucatu, SP 18618-682, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] 06845 MesquitaThis study Filho”, aimed Rua Prof.to evaluate Dr. Walter laparoscopy Maurício with Correa abdominal s/n, Cx. ultrasoundPostal 560, examsDistrito to de establish Rubião 2021 accurate diagnosis and prognosis. The experimental design was a prospective clinical study. Nine adult crossbred bovines suffering from abdominal disorders were admitted to the cattle clinic for clinical examinations. Abdominal ultrasound was carried out, and complete blood counts were performed. Subsequently, exploratory laparoscopy was performed. After surgery (exploratory laparoscopy on the right or left side), animals with a severe prognosis or untreatable clinical condition were euthanised and necropsied. During laparoscopy, circumscribed reticuloperitonitis could not be detected, nor could other abnormalities in during necropsy. However, alterations due to peritoneal damage, such as adhesions, were theobserved cranioventral dorsally region in addition of the abdomen to alterations previously in macroscopic observed on aspectsultrasound of the and peritoneal confirmed supplementary procedure for diagnosing abdominal disorders in cattle, but it is not suitable fluid.in cases Exploratory of diseases standing characterised laparoscopy by focal throughlesions concentrated the paralumbar in the fossae cranioventral may constitute region of a the abdomen. When associated with clinical, laboratory, and ultrasound examinations, this technique may improve the accurate diagnosis and prognosis of abdominal disorders in cattle. INDEX TERMS: Ultrasound, laparoscopy, diagnosis, abdominal disorders, cattle, bovine, digestive diseases, reticuloperitonitis, ultrasonography. RESUMO.- [Estudo da ultrassonografia e laparoscopia bovinos admitidos na Clínica de Bovinos foram submetidos a para diagnóstico das desordens abdominais em bovinos.] exame clínico, adicionalmente foram realizadas hemograma Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a laparoscopia com exames de ultrassom abdominal para estabelecer um laparoscopia exploratória. Após a cirurgia (laparoscopia diagnóstico e prognóstico precisos. O desenho experimental exploratóriae ultrassonografia no lado abdominal. direito ouPosteriormente, esquerdo), nove foi realizada animais foi um estudo clínico prospectivo. Nove bovinos adultos com manifestações clínicas graves e intratáveis foram mestiços com distúrbios abdominais foram utilizados. Os foi possível detectar reticuloperitonite circunscrita, bem 1 Received on December 19, 2020. sacrificados e necropsiados. Durante a laparoscopia, não Accepted for publication on January 15, 2021. 2 Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidade como outras anormalidades na região crânio-ventral do Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (Unesp), Rua Prof. Dr. Walter devidoabdome, a dano previamente peritoneal, observadas como aderências, na ultrassonografia foram observadas e dorsalmente.confirmadas Édurante possível a quenecropsia. a laparoscopia No entanto, exploratória alterações em SP 18618-682, Brazil. *Corresponing author: [email protected] Maurício3 Clínica Correa de Bovinos, s/n, Cx.Universidade Postal 560, Federal Distrito Rural de deRubião Pernambuco Júnior, Botucatu, (UFRPE), apoio quadrupedal através da fossa paralombar constitua um Campus Garanhuns, Av. Bom Pastor s/n, Cx. Postal 152, Boa Vista, Garanhuns, procedimento complementar para o diagnóstico de distúrbios PE 55292-270, Brazil. abdominais em bovinos, embora não seja adequado em casos 1 2 José Ricardo B. Silva et al. de doenças caracterizadas por lesões focais concentradas na cryptorchidectomy in standing bulls (Kaneko et al. 2015), in evaluating umbilical diseases in calves (Robert et al. 2016), clínicos, laboratoriais e de ultrassom, essa técnica pode and in a comparison of tenotomy versus teloscopy for treating regiãomelhorar cranioventral o diagnóstico do abdome.e prognóstico Quando preciso associada dos distúrbios a exames teat diseases (Hirsbrunner et al. 2001). In addition, the use abdominais em bovinos. was attempted (1984). Nevertheless, there remains a need offor flexible studies endoscopic about the diagnosticequipment applications in abdominal and exploration accuracy desordens abdominais, bovinos, doenças digestivas, reticuloperitonite. TERMOS DO INDEXAÇÃO: Ultrassonografia, laparoscopia, diagnóstico, of laparoscopic methods for comparison with other well- established diagnostic techniques as such ultrasonography INTRODUCTION with the aim of minimising non-treatment laparotomies. Our hypothesis is that laparoscopic surgery is a useful During physical examination, additional tests are often needed complement exam to ultrasonography for diagnosing abdominal disorders in cattle. Thus, the objective of this study was to study and determine the feasibility of surgical intervention, and laparoscopy and abdominal ultrasound with complementary to confirmdetermine clinical clinical suspicions, severity to support(Dirksen a prognosis/diagnosis1993). The clinical exams to establish an accurate diagnosis and prognosis. examination methods used for abdominal disorders in cattle include ultrasound, which is non-invasive, has a low operational cost and can be performed on the farm, and MATERIALS AND METHODS diagnostic laparotomy, which is a surgical procedure that Animals/clinical assessment. The project was approved by involves costs, including those related to the convalescence the Ethics Committee on Animal Use (CEUA) of the “Universidade period, prolonged disposal of milk due to the presence of Federal Rural de Pernambuco” (UFRPE) under protocol 135/2016 antimicrobial residues, and considerable surgical trauma. In and the CEUA of the “Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia”, addition, convincing the owner of the need for this procedure “Universidade Estadual Paulista ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’” (FMVZ- UNESP) under protocol 124/2016. Minimally invasive surgical approaches are facilitating The study included nine crossbred (Holstein X Zebu) bovines can be difficult (Braun 2005). raised in the southern wasteland of Pernambuco state, Brazil. The they do not completely replace conventional surgical methods, animals were 1.5 to 10 years of age (median 6.2 years) and included beneficialminimally invasivechanges approaches in the field areof veterinary becoming increasinglymedicine. Although popular eight females and one male raised in a semi-intensive management in the modern surgical ‘arsenal’ because they are innovative system and fed a diet consisting of native grassland, corn silage, and very advantageous for diagnostic and therapeutic surgical concentrates, and forage palm (Opuntia ficus indica). These animals procedures (Bouré 2005). The advantages of laparoscopic underwent clinical examinations according to Dirksen (1993), and surgery include small incisions, reduced tissue trauma, less clinical, haematologic, ultrasonographic, laparoscopic, and post- discomfort and pain in the postoperative period, shorter mortem hospitalisation time, faster postoperative recovery, and better Only animals with primary disease located in the digestive system cosmetic results (Lau et al. 1997, Bouré 2005, Silva 2015). were included. findings were recorded in their respective medical records. Ultrasound examination. Ultrasound examination was performed that laparoscopy provides better diagnostic accuracy than routinely before surgery (Braun 2005) (Mindray, ultrasoundIn human in patients,acute abdominal there is symptoms strong scientific (Stefanidis evidence et al. Paulo, Brazil) using a 3.5-Mhz convex transducer, with animals in 2009), pelvic pain (Bharwani & Jain 2017) and peritonitis the standing position to locate the main lesions and tomodel estimate Z6, Sãothe (Agresta et al. 2006). Laparoscopy can be used both to inform clinical severity. The area delineated by the fourth intercostal space the diagnosis and implement treatments, thereby reducing bilateral to the paralumbar fossae and ventral to the region from the number of non-treatment laparotomies and the related complications. The only contraindication for laparoscopy is the presence of evident signs of a viscus perforation (free andthe fifth caudally intercostal to the spacelast rib. to theThe udder area of or the prepuce abdominal and dorsally cavity was gas in the abdominal cavity and haemodynamic instability). clipped,identified and bilaterally ultrasound to the gel point was where used. theThe shoulder exam began joins thein the thorax left Thus, in most instances, laparoscopy can be used to clarify the cranioventral region, following the left side (caudo-cranial direction) clinical conditions and can prevent unnecessary conventional and ending on the right side.
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