Diagnóstico De Las Diátesis Hemorrágicas Hereditarias Mediante El Análisis Genético Por Secuenciación Masiva

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Diagnóstico De Las Diátesis Hemorrágicas Hereditarias Mediante El Análisis Genético Por Secuenciación Masiva UNIVERSIDAD DE SALAMANCA DEPARTAMENTO DE MEDICINA HEMATOLOGÍA TESIS DOCTORAL DIAGNÓSTICO DE LAS DIÁTESIS HEMORRÁGICAS HEREDITARIAS MEDIANTE EL ANÁLISIS GENÉTICO POR SECUENCIACIÓN MASIVA José María Bastida Bermejo 2015 D. Jesús María Hernández Rivas, Doctor en Medicina, Profesor Titular del Departamento de Medicina de la Universidad de Salamanca y Médico Adjunto del Servicio de Hematología del Hospital Clínico Universitario de Salamanca y D. José Ramón González Porras, Doctor en Medicina, Profesor Asociado de la Facultad de Medicina y Médico Adjunto del Hospital Clínico Universitario de Salamanca, CERTIFICAN: Que el trabajo doctoral realizado bajo su dirección, por D. José María Bastida Bermejo, titulado “DIAGNÓSTICO DE LAS DIÁTESIS HEMORRÁGICAS HEREDITARIAS MEDIANTE EL ANÁLISIS GENÉTICO POR SECUENCIACIÓN MASIVA” reúne las condiciones de originalidad requeridas para optar al grado de Doctor en Medicina por la Universidad de Salamanca. Y para que así conste, firman la presente certificación en Salamanca, a 30 de octubre de 2015. Fdo. Dr. Jesús María Hernández Rivas Fdo. Dr. José Ramón González Porras A mis padres A Ana AGRADECIMIENTOS Agradecimientos Al Dr. Hernández Rivas por contar conmigo para este proyecto, por la oportunidad de llevar a cabo esta tesis doctoral y por sus numerosos consejos. A José Ramón por ofrecerme su tiempo, paciencia y disponibilidad sin condiciones. Por ser un ejemplo a seguir, un gran compañero y una gran persona. Y Al Dr. Alberca, por sus enseñanzas y la confianza depositada en mí desde que me conoció. A Mónica y a Rocío por su gran ayuda, tiempo y dedicación a este proyecto; y a todas las personas del CIC e IBSAL que han participado. A Pepe Rivera y a Marisa Lozano por su experiencia, generosidad y colaboración, que ha permitido crear un gran grupo de trabajo. Y por los infinitos mails intercambiados y su disponibilidad constante. A Javier Corral por su cariño, ofrecerme su tiempo, sus conocimientos y pasión por la biología molecular. Al Dr. San Miguel por ser un referente e inculcarme la pasión por la hematología y a la Dra del Cañizo por contar conmigo y darme la oportunidad de trabajar en este gran servicio. A todos los que forman parte del Servicio de Hematología; muy especialmente al equipo de Coagulación por su apoyo y cariño. Al Dr. Marcos González por sus valiosos consejos, a todos los residentes por ser la base de este servicio y, por su puesto, a mis Co-Rs por compartir los buenos y malos momentos desde nuestra “primera firma”. A todas las personas del CRH de Murcia por acogerme y hacerme sentir como uno más desde el principio. A Todos mis Amigos por estar siempre ahí. A Miriam, Javi y Elena por sus consejos y apoyo incondicional. A Fátima y Gabriel por quererme tanto y ser mi familia. IX Agradecimientos A Ana por ser mi Vida y porque sin ella nada hubiera sido posible. A mi familia por ayudarme cuando más lo necesitaba. Y a mi Madre, por ayudarme a desarrollar como persona, inculcarme los valores, por sus consejos únicos y por quererme tanto. X ÍNDICE Índice ABREVIATURAS ....................................................................................... 15 INTRODUCCIÓN……………………………………………………………. 25 I. Clasificación y características clínico biológicas de las de las diátesis hemorrágicas hereditarias……………………….......................... 28 1.1. Trastornos plaquetarios hereditarios ………..................................... 28 Megacariopoyesis y fisiología plaquetaria ............................................ 29 Trombocitopenias hereditarias ............................................................ 32 Trombocitopatías hereditarias ............................................................. 36 1.2.Trastornos de la coagulación hereditarios ……................................. 39 Fisiología de la hemostasia secundaria ….............................................. 39 Clasificación de los trastornos de la coagulación hereditarios ….…........ 41 II. Diagnóstico de las diátesis hemorrágicas hereditarias ……............... 42 2.1. Diagnóstico de los trastornos plaquetarios hereditarios .................... 42 Historia clínica familiar, personal y exploración física ........................... 42 Pruebas de Screening ......................................................................... 43 Pruebas específicas de laboratorio ...................................................... 44 Algoritmo diagnóstico actual y nuevas técnicas diagnósticas .................. 47 2.2. Diagnóstico de los trastornos de la coagulación hereditarios ............. 49 III. Aplicaciones de la secuenciación masiva …….................................... 52 HIPÓTESIS Y OBJETIVOS …….............................................................. 57 IV. Hipótesis ……........................................................................................ 59 V. ObJetivos ……........................................................................................ 62 MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS ……................................................................ 63 VI. Pacientes ……......................................................................................... 65 6.1. Criterios de Inclusión …...…….................................................... 65 Trastornos plaquetarios hereditarios …................................................ 65 Trastornos de la coagulación hereditarios ............................................ 66 XIII Índice 6.2. Población a estudio …………........................................................ 66 6.3. Datos registrados ……………........................................................ 67 VII. Métodos ……...................................................................................... 68 7.1. Estudios fenotípicos funcionales/morfológicos …............................ 68 7.2. Estudios moleculares ………....................................................... 69 Aislamiento de ADN .......................................................................... 69 Next-Generation Sequencing .............................................................. 69 Secuenciación Sanger ……................................................................. 79 7.3. Aspectos éticos ………............................................................. 80 RESULTADOS …….................................................................................. 81 Capítulo 1. Design and validation of a 71-gene Next-Generation DNA sequencing panel for the diagnosis of inherited platelet disorders ................. 83 Capítulo 2. Design and application of a thirty one-gene panel by Next Generation sequencing for Inherited bleeding coagulation disorders ............. 111 Capítulo 3. Aplicación clínica de la secuenciación masvia en el diagnóstico de los trastornos plaquetarios hereditarios .................................................. 131 DISCUSIÓN GENERAL ......................................................................... 155 CONCLUSIONES ……............................................................................ 171 BIBLIOGRAFÍA ……............................................................................. 175 ANEXOS ………....................................................................................... 195 Anexo 1. Escala de sangrado ................................................................ 197 Anexo 2. Publicaciones, comunicaciones y premios ....................... 198 XIV ABREVIATURAS Abreviaturas A2M Alpha-2-Macroglobulin AA Ácido araquidónico ABCA1 ATP-Binding Cassete Sub-Family A ABCG5 ATP-Binding Cassette Sub-Family G Member 5 ABCG8 ATP-Binding Cassette Sub-Family G Member 8 ACTN1 Actinin Alpha 1 AD Autosómico dominante ADN Ácido desoxirribonucleico ADP Adenosín difosfato ADRA2A Adrenoreceptor Alpha 2A Ag Antígeno AMPc Adenosín monofosfato cíclico ANKRD26 Ankyrin Repeat Domain 26 ANO6 Anoctamin 6 Apaf-1 Apoptosis protease-activating factor-1 AP3B1 Adaptor-Related Protein Complex 3, Beta 1 Subunit AR Autosómico recesivo ARC Síndrome Artrogriposis-disfunción Renal-Colestasis ARN Ácido ribonucleico ATRUS Trombocitopenia amegacariocítica con sinostosis radio-ulnar BAM Binary-alignment BAT Bleeding Assessment Tool BCSH British Committee for Standards in Haematology BLOC Biogenesis of Lysosome-related Organelles Complex BLOC1S3 Biogenesis Of Lysosomal Organelles Complex-1, Subunit 3 BLOC1S6 Biogenesis Of Lysosomal Organelles Complex-1, Subunit 6 Beta-TG Beta-Thromboglobulin BWA Burrows-Wheeler Aligner C1QBP Complement Component 1, Q Subcomponent Binding Protein Ca2+ Calcio iónico CalDAG-GEFI Ca2+and DAG-regulated guanine nucleotide exchange factor I CAMT Trombocitopenia amegacariocítica congénita CD36 /GP4 Thrombospondin Receptor 17 Abreviaturas ChIP-seq Estudios de interacción proteína-ADN CLEC3B C-Type Lectin Domain Family 3, Member B CMF Citometría de flujo CNV Copy number variations COSMIC Catalogue Of Somatic Mutations In Cancer COX-1 Ciclooxigenasa tipo 1 CPB2 Carboxypeptidase B2 CRH Centro Regional de Hemodonación CRP Péptido relacionado con el colágeno CSO Custom Selected Oligos CYCS Cytochrome C, Somatic DAG Diacilglicerol DD Diagnóstico diferencial DHCR24 24-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase DHH Diátesis hemorrágica hereditaria DPAGT1 Dolichyl-Phosphate N-Acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase 1 DTNBP1 Dystrobrevin Binding Protein 1 ELISA Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay EPF/LMA Enfermedad plaquetaria familiar con predisposición a LMA ESP Exome Sequencing Project EVS Exome Variant Server EVW Enfermedad de von Willebrand EVW-TP Enfermedad de von Willebrand tipo plaquetario F Factor F2 Coagulation Factor II F3 Coagulation
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