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The Department of Justice and the Limits of the New Deal State, 1933-1945
THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE AND THE LIMITS OF THE NEW DEAL STATE, 1933-1945 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY AND THE COMMITTEE ON GRADUATE STUDIES OF STANFORD UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Maria Ponomarenko December 2010 © 2011 by Maria Ponomarenko. All Rights Reserved. Re-distributed by Stanford University under license with the author. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- Noncommercial 3.0 United States License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/ This dissertation is online at: http://purl.stanford.edu/ms252by4094 ii I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. David Kennedy, Primary Adviser I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Richard White, Co-Adviser I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Mariano-Florentino Cuellar Approved for the Stanford University Committee on Graduate Studies. Patricia J. Gumport, Vice Provost Graduate Education This signature page was generated electronically upon submission of this dissertation in electronic format. An original signed hard copy of the signature page is on file in University Archives. iii Acknowledgements My principal thanks go to my adviser, David M. -
Red Scare: FBI and the Origins of Anticommunism in the United States, 1919-1943 Schmidt, Regin
www.ssoar.info Red scare: FBI and the origins of anticommunism in the United States, 1919-1943 Schmidt, Regin Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Monographie / monograph Zur Verfügung gestellt in Kooperation mit / provided in cooperation with: OAPEN (Open Access Publishing in European Networks) Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Schmidt, R. (2004). Red scare: FBI and the origins of anticommunism in the United States, 1919-1943. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-271396 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer CC BY-NC-ND Lizenz This document is made available under a CC BY-NC-ND Licence (Namensnennung-Nicht-kommerziell-Keine Bearbeitung) zur (Attribution-Non Comercial-NoDerivatives). For more Information Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu den CC-Lizenzen finden see: Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.de Copyright © Museum Tusculanum Press RED SCARE Regin Schmidt: Red Scare. FBI and the origins of Anticommunism in the United States, 1919-1943; e-book. 2004. ISBN 87 635 0012 4 Copyright © Museum Tusculanum Press Regin Schmidt: Red Scare. FBI and the origins of Anticommunism in the United States, 1919-1943; e-book. 2004. ISBN 87 635 0012 4 Copyright © Museum Tusculanum Press Regin Schmidt RED SCARE FBI and the Origins of Anticommunism in the United States, 1919-1943 e-Book Regin Schmidt: Red Scare. FBI and the origins of Anticommunism MUSEUM TUSCULANUM PRESS in the United States, 1919-1943; e-book. 2004. ISBN 87 635 0012 4 UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN 2000 [e-book – 2004] Copyright © Museum Tusculanum Press Regin Schmidt: Red Scare. -
2 the History of Criminal Investigation
20 2 The History of Criminal Investigation Do not copy, post, or distribute Copyright ©2017 by SAGE Publications, Inc. This work may not be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means without express written permission of the publisher. Objectives After reading this chapter you will be able to • Discuss the Lindbergh baby informers, thief-takers, and thief- • Define the tactics of the “third kidnapping investigation, identify makers degree” and the dragnet the critical evidence in the case, and explain how the perpetrator • Evaluate the role and function • Discuss the creation and was eventually identified of detectives during the development of the FBI and its political, reform, and community role in advancing the methods • Evaluate the role of informers, problem-solving eras of investigation thief-takers, and thief-makers in England in the 1700s and 1800s • Compare the limitations of • Identify the investigative photography and Bertillonage as strategies that are consistent • Explain how the designers of the methods of identification, and with community policing detective position accounted for the strengths of fingerprints the problems associated with From the CASE FILE The Lindbergh Baby Kidnapping The date was March 1, 1932. The place was Hopewell, 100 yards from the residence the police found a New Jersey, and the home of Charles Lindbergh, the wooden ladder that was in three separate sections. It famed aviator and the first man to fly over the Atlantic was believed that the deep impressions came from the Ocean alone in a single-engine plane. Lindbergh was legs of the ladder and that the ladder was used to gain an American hero, a colonel in the U.S. -
851-916 Mannheimer
MANNHEIMER MACRO DRAFT (DO NOT DELETE) 10/19/20 9:39 AM THE UNUSUAL CASE OF ANTHONY CHEBATORIS: THE “NEW DEAL FOR CRIME” AND THE FEDERAL DEATH PENALTY IN NON-DEATH STATES Michael J. Zydney Mannheimer† TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 852 I. UNITED STATES V. ANTHONY CHEBATORIS .................................... 857 A. The Crime ........................................................................... 857 B. The Legal Proceedings ....................................................... 863 C. The Execution .................................................................... 868 II. CHEBATORIS AND THE “NEW DEAL FOR CRIME” ......................... 873 A. The Crime Wave of the 1920s and 1930s ........................... 874 B. The Foot in the Door: The Federal Kidnapping Act ......... 877 C. “A New Deal for Crime” ................................................... 885 III. CHEBATORIS AND THE POLITICAL AMBITIONS OF FRANK MURPHY ................................................................................................... 899 A. The Relationship Between Murphy and Roosevelt ............. 899 B. The Relationship Between Murphy and Cummings ........... 910 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................ 915 ABSTRACT The little-known case of United States v. Anthony Chebatoris, aris- ing from a botched bank robbery in Michigan in 1937, has great relevance to today’s criminal justice system. Until this -
The Lessons of the NAACP's 1930S Federal Anti-Lynching Campaign
Learning to Lobby: The Lessons of the NAACP’s 1930s Federal Anti-Lynching Campaign Melissa Cooper Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in American Studies University of East Anglia School of Arts, Media, and American Studies May 2017 This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with the author and that use of any information derived there from must be in accordance with current UK Copyright Law. In addition, any quotation or extract must include full attribution. ABSTRACT Why the NAACP pursued anti-lynching legislation with such vigour despite a decade of defeat in the Senate is the key research question this thesis considers. In doing so it analyses two aspects of the NAACP’s lobbying efforts during the 1930s: its attempts to push anti-lynching bills through Congress and its efforts to secure presidential endorsement for those bills. New insights on how the NAACP learned to lobby can be gleaned by considering the NAACP, Congress, and the President, as key influences on the anti- lynching campaign. This thesis analyses previously neglected primary source material to shed light on President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s influence on the anti-lynching campaign. Additionally, it interprets the anti-lynching campaign through a theoretical lens. It considers theories of lobbying in Congress, presidential power, and congressional obstruction to contextualise the institutions, politics, and politicians at play in the anti-lynching campaign. Despite no anti-lynching legislation ever being passed, both Congress and the executive branch had a profound effect upon the NAACP’s political education. -
Courts Merger Tests Inadequately Remedy the Inequities Which Developed from Kidnapping's Sensationalized and Racialized History
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal Volume 28 (2019-2020) Issue 3 Article 4 March 2020 Kidnapping Reconsidered: Courts Merger Tests Inadequately Remedy the Inequities Which Developed from Kidnapping's Sensationalized and Racialized History Samuel P. Newton Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmborj Part of the Constitutional Law Commons, Criminal Law Commons, Law and Race Commons, and the Legal History Commons Repository Citation Samuel P. Newton, Kidnapping Reconsidered: Courts Merger Tests Inadequately Remedy the Inequities Which Developed from Kidnapping's Sensationalized and Racialized History, 28 Wm. & Mary Bill Rts. J. 635 (2020), https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmborj/vol28/iss3/4 Copyright c 2020 by the authors. This article is brought to you by the William & Mary Law School Scholarship Repository. https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmborj KIDNAPPING RECONSIDERED: COURTS MERGER TESTS INADEQUATELY REMEDY THE INEQUITIES WHICH DEVELOPED FROM KIDNAPPING’S SENSATIONALIZED AND RACIALIZED HISTORY Samuel P. Newton* INTRODUCTION After a late-night party, Percy Wilder, a black man, tried to convince Danielle Peterson, a white woman, to come outside to his car.1 After some back-and-forth, Peterson somewhat hesitantly left and Wilder persuaded her to get into the car.2 Wilder then pulled out, Peterson’s legs still hanging out the door.3 As he drove, Wilder asked for oral sex, but Peterson refused.4 Only a few minutes later, Wilder pulled into an apartment complex and parked near the dumpster.5 He stopped the car -
The Lindbergh Kidnapping Revisited
Michigan Law Review Volume 84 Issue 4 Issues 4&5 1986 The Lindbergh Kidnapping Revisited John F. Keenan United States District Court for the Southern District of New York Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mlr Part of the Criminal Law Commons, and the Legal History Commons Recommended Citation John F. Keenan, The Lindbergh Kidnapping Revisited, 84 MICH. L. REV. 819 (1986). Available at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mlr/vol84/iss4/24 This Review is brought to you for free and open access by the Michigan Law Review at University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Michigan Law Review by an authorized editor of University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE LINDBERGH KIDNAPPING REVISITED John F. Keenan* THE AIRMAN AND THE CARPENTER: THE LINDBERGH KIDNAPPING AND THE FRAMING OF RICHARD HAUPTMANN. By Ludovic Ken nedy. New York: Viking. 1985. Pp. x, 438. $18.95. On May 20-21, 1927, Charles A. Lindbergh flew across the Atlan tic, nonstop, from Roosevelt Field in New York to Le Bourget airfield, near Paris. The flight changed forever life on this planet. The event also changed forever the life of the pilot, Lindbergh. In his twenties he became a world hero. He married the intelligent and, by all accounts, charming daughter of Dwight Morrow, a man who cast his shadow across the national scene. The young couple's first child, Charles Jr., was born on June 22, 1930. Their lives, which seemed idyllic, suddenly were shattered by a tragic event. -
The Lindbergh Baby Kidnapping: “The Crime of the Century”
The Lindbergh Baby: “The Crime of the Century” Target Age: High School Time Period: 20th Century Featured County: Hunterdon NJ 350th Theme: Innovation Common Core States Standards for English Language Arts: R.CCR.2- Determine central ideas or themes of a text and analyze their development; summarize the key supporting details and ideas. Courtesy of New Jersey State Archives; Department of State R.CCR.4 – Interpret words and phrases as they are used in a text, including determining technical, connotative, and figurative meanings, and analyze how specific word choices shape meaning or tone. SL.CCR.2- Integrate and evaluate information presented in diverse media and formats, including visually, quantitatively, and orally. New Jersey Core Curriculum Content Standards: Social Studies: 6.1.12.D.7.b, 6.1.12.D.8.b FOCUS QUESTION: How has technology changed both how the public reacts to fame and celebrity, and how news is reported? BACKGROUND: On May 21, 1927, Charles Lindbergh—“Lucky Lindy”—landed in Paris, completing the first solo, nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean and thus becoming one of the most famous people in the world. Lindbergh was an innovator and a great promoter of aviation, and after his famous flight both airmail and air travel grew in popularity. Four years later, Lindbergh and his wife Ann built a home in Hopewell, New Jersey. Their estate included 700 acres as well as an airstrip. As important, it was remote, ensuring privacy for the aviator who was still a major public figure four years after his record-breaking flight. From that point on, the Lindberghs divided their time between this New Jersey home, which they named Highfields, and Ann’s parents’ home in Englewood. -
Frank J. Wilson: the Father of Forensic Accounting Luke Catania James Madison University
James Madison University JMU Scholarly Commons Senior Honors Projects, 2010-current Honors College Spring 2018 Frank J. Wilson: The father of forensic accounting Luke Catania James Madison University Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/honors201019 Part of the Accounting Commons Recommended Citation Catania, Luke, "Frank J. Wilson: The father of forensic accounting" (2018). Senior Honors Projects, 2010-current. 612. https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/honors201019/612 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors College at JMU Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Senior Honors Projects, 2010-current by an authorized administrator of JMU Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Frank J. Wilson: The Father of Forensic Accounting _______________________ An Honors College Project Presented to the Faculty of the Undergraduate College of Business James Madison University _______________________ by Luke Francis Catania May 2018 Accepted by the faculty of the Department of Accounting, James Madison University, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Honors College. FACULTY COMMITTEE: HONORS COLLEGE APPROVAL: Project Advisor: Timothy Louwers, Ph.D., Bradley R. Newcomer, Ph.D., Professor Emeritus, School of Accounting Dean, Honors College Reader: Luis Betancourt, Ph.D., Professor, Accounting Reader: Eileen Shifflett, Lecturer, Accounting PUBLIC PRESENTATION This work is accepted for presentation, in part or in full, at JMU’s Honors Symposium on April 18, 2018. Table of Contents Acknowledgments 3 Abstract 4 Chapter 1: The Early Years 5 Chapter 2: Bringing Capone to Justice 12 Chapter 3: Solving the Lindbergh Baby Kidnapping 24 Chapter 4: Wilson’s Contribution to Forensic Accounting 35 Appendix Alphonse “Scarface Capone Investigation 37 Bruno Richard Hauptmann Investigation 40 Bibliography 46 2 Acknowledgments To my thesis advisor, Dr. -
Front Matter
Cecil_J Edgar Hoover & Amer Press 11/19/13 1:39 PM Page v © University Press of Kansas. All rights reserved. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission of the Press. CONTENTS List of Illustrations vii Preface ix Introduction 1 1. The FBI’s Ongoing Crisis of Legitimacy 12 2. A Bureau Built for Public Relations 43 3. Enforcing the Bureau’s Image of Restraint 76 4. Silencing a “Useful Citizen” 101 5. Investigating Critics on the Left 124 6. Dividing the Press 156 7. Engaging Defenders in the Press 177 8. Corresponding with Friends in the Press 193 9. Managing Friends in the Broadcast Media 217 10. Renewing the FBI Story in Bureau-Authorized Books 239 11. Building a Television Audience 265 Conclusion 282 Notes 289 Selected Bibliography 339 Index 345 Cecil_J Edgar Hoover & Amer Press 11/19/13 1:39 PM Page vi © University Press of Kansas. All rights reserved. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission of the Press. Cecil_J Edgar Hoover & Amer Press 11/19/13 1:39 PM Page vii © University Press of Kansas. All rights reserved. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission of the Press. ILLUSTRATIONS 1. Reporters interviewing “Hoover” 7 2. Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer 17 3. J. Edgar Hoover at his Justice Department desk 20 4. Harlan Fiske Stone 23 5. Louis B. Nichols 29 6. Hoover congratulates assistant director William C. Sullivan 32 7. Columnist and broadcaster Walter Winchell 38 8. President Roosevelt signs into law the Twelve Point Crime Control Program 49 9. Hoover speaks with unidentified reporters 53 10. Washington Star reporter Neil “Rex” Collier fingerprints Hoover 59 11. -
Studying the Lindbergh Case
Studying the Lindbergh Case A Guide to the Files and Resources Available at the New Jersey State Police Museum By Mark W. Falzini Archivist II April 2006 Table of Contents Introduction..........................................................1 Studying the Lindbergh Case...........................................4 Obstacles.......................................................5 Who Studies the Lindbergh Case?.................................6 A Brief History of the Sources........................................8 Archival Collections Original Investigation Files...................................11 Correspondence & DJ Files......................................13 The “L”, “M” and “P” Collections...............................13 The Binders and Statements.....................................14 The Hoffman Collection.........................................15 Colonel H. Norman Schwarzkopf “Personal File”..................16 Captain J. J. Lamb Collection..................................17 Lieutenant Arthur Keaten Collection............................17 Corporal Wolf Collection.......................................18 Louis Salz Collection..........................................18 Wilentz Collection.............................................19 Robert Peacock Collection......................................19 Bronx District Attorney Collection.............................19 Violet Sharp Collection........................................20 Parker/Wendel Collection.......................................20 Irene Springer Collection......................................21 -
Charles Lindbergh, Caryl Chessman, and the Exception Proving the (Potentially Waning) Rule of Broad Prosecutorial Discretion
ISSUE 20:1 SPRING 2015 Charles Lindbergh, Caryl Chessman, and the Exception Proving the (Potentially Waning) Rule of Broad Prosecutorial Discretion Wesley M. Oliver* Perhaps ever since legislatures started defining crimes, they have given prosecutors a variety of ways to prosecute the same conduct. Courts have, almost without exception, deferred to legislatures’ broad definitions of crime. Kidnapping statutes are the exception. The high profile execution of Caryl Chessman in 1960 for kidnapping prompted considerable scholarly criticism and prompted courts nationwide to impose limiting constructions on kidnapping statutes. Recently, scholars have called for a curb in prosecutorial discretion generally, attributing the explosion in the prison population to broad criminal codes, mandatory minimums, and sentencing guidelines that provide prosecutors leverage in plea negotiations. In the last two terms, the United States Supreme Court appears to have taken on this concern, limiting the scope of federal criminal statutes, twice in cases involving criminal doctrines that are part of most state criminal codes, and once in a case expressly recognized by many of the parties as an example of overcriminalization. The Supreme Court has rarely considered “ordinary” criminal law doctrines, typically interpreting complex or jurisdictional aspects of federal criminal statutes. And neither the Supreme Court, nor any appellate court in non-kidnapping cases, has used overcriminalization as a basis for limiting the scope of a criminal statute. Academics have long criticized the growing prison population, often attributing the phenomenon to increasing prosecutorial discretion, a product of overcriminalization. The Supreme Court’s recent cases suggest that America’s mass incarceration epidemic may be able to * Professor of Law and Associate Dean for Faculty Research and Scholarship, Duquesne University.