DOCSLIB.ORG

Slavery and the Underground Railroad at the Eppes Plantations, Petersburg National Battlefield Cover: Appomattox Manor at City Point, Virginia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Slavery and the Underground Railroad at the Eppes Plantations, Petersburg National Battlefield Cover: Appomattox Manor at City Point, Virginia National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Petersburg National Battlefield Petersburg, Virginia Slavery and the Underground Railroad at the Eppes Plantations, Petersburg National Battlefield Cover: Appomattox Manor at City Point, Virginia. Photo courtesy National Park Service. Slavery and the Underground Railroad At The Eppes Plantations Petersburg National Battlefield Special History Study by Marie Tyler-McGraw A Study Prepared Under the Cooperative Agreement between the National Park Service and the Organization of American Historians Northcast Region National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior 2005 Recommended: Kathleen L. Dilonardo Date Chief of Interpretation Northeast Region Tara Morrison Date Network to Freedom Coordinator Northeast Region Concurred: Paul Weinbaum Date History Program Manager Northeast Region Approved: Bob Kirby Date Superintendent Petersburg National Battlefield SLAVERY AND THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD At the Eppes Plantations Petersburg National Battlefield Special History Study by Marie Tyler-McGraw Prepared for Organization of American Historians Under cooperative agreement with Northeast Region National Park Service U. S. Department of the Interior Printed December 2005 Contents Acknowledgements 10 Executive Summary Research Methods and Summary of Findings 11 Chapter 1 Frontiers and Boundaries (1640s – 1765) 15 Landscape and settlement on the James River and Appomattox colonial frontier. Origins of slavery and early resistance Chapter 2 Revolutions (1765 – 1816) 20 Revolutions in Agricultural Production, Government, Religious Practice and Belief in Eastern Virginia Escape to the British and service in the Continental Armies during the Revolution Slavery in early Federal Virginia Chapter 3 The Great Divide (1816 – 1844) 26 East Virginia slavery, fugitives and free blacks in the national political divisions over slavery Chapter 4 Calculating the Costs (1848 – 1862) 31 Leaving and staying in the age of sectional hostility Shrinking distances and a nearby Underground Railroad Daily life on the late antebellum Eppes plantations Chapter 5 Contraband: Escape During the Civil War (1861 – 1867) 42 Escape and return in the Civil War era Chapter 6 The Underground Railroad in Petersburg 46 In the region of the Eppes plantations Footnotes 57 Appendices I. Richard Eppes’s Code of Laws for the Island Plantation 66 II. Enslaved Families on the Eppes Plantations 70 III. Census Data for Virginia 75 Bibliographic Essay 76 Bibliography 82 8 National Park Service Acknowledgements This study of the Underground Rail- ously allowed us to incorporate the road at Petersburg National Battlefield population chart that he sent and that and the region around it originated with now appears as Appendix III. the desire on the part of Tara Morrison, Underground Railroad Coordinator for At Petersburg National Battlefield, all the Northeast Region of the National staff members made helpful suggestions Park Service (NPS) and Kathy about resources. Jimmie Blankenship, Dilonardo, Interpretive Program Man- Historian, and Chris Calkins, Chief of ager for the Northeast Region, to do a Interpretation, took time from their set of interlocking studies of NPS sites very busy schedules to talk with me and and the Underground Railroad. to visit sites and landmarks related to Morrison and Dilonardo were particu- the antebellum Eppes plantations. larly interested in creating a usable Their enthusiasm for and interest in model of research methodology and in their work is inspiring and admirable. making that research easily available to interpreters. Their reiteration of that vi- Clifford Tobias, Park History Program sion of the final product has kept the Leader at the NPS Philadelphia Sup- study on track in ways that are apparent port Office, and Paul Weinbaum, His- and will become more apparent over tory Program Manager, Northeast Re- time. gion, did a very close reading of the third draft. They not only caught nu- The cooperative agreement between merous small errors, but they made ex- the NPS and the Organization of cellent suggestions for reordering the American Historians (OAH), negoti- text toward a better narrative flow. ated and maintained under the direc- They share with the other NPS staff a tion of NPS Chief Historian Dwight commitment to combining scholarship Pitcaithley, allowed a peer review sys- with a text that allows readers to grasp tem that strengthened the study’s schol- main points quickly and extract illus- arship. trative anecdotes for interpretation. Susan Ferentinos, OAH Public History I am grateful to all these persons for the Coordinator, has been both an efficient professional courtesies and sincere in- administrator and an interested reader. terest they have shown over the course Through OAH, the study found two of this research and writing. careful and informed outside readers who offered thoughtful critiques. One of those readers, Philip Schwarz of Vir- ginia Commonwealth University, gener- Marie Tyler-McGraw Historian Consultant to the Organization of American Historians Slavery and the Underground Railroad at the Eppes Plantations 9 Executive Summary Research Methods and Summary of Findings With the passage of the National Un- (Chapter 4) and the residents of Peters- derground Railroad Network to Free- burg (Chapter 6) who comprised an ef- dom Act in 1998, the National Park Ser- fective network of assistance to fugi- vice (NPS) undertook a national tives. This study of the four Eppes initiative to identify and preserve Un- farms or plantations, with the Appomattox and Hopewell farms now [Eppes’s] methods of derground Railroad resources and to interpret the story of the Underground comprising part of the Petersburg Na- control, while they Railroad for visitors to NPS sites. Even tional Battlefield, is the first in-depth could never eliminate before passage of the Act, it was clear examination of antebellum African resistance to enslave- that research on the Underground Rail- American life at that site. If we con- sider, as recent scholars have, that “run- ment, were effective to road would not be limited to NPS sites, but would inevitably connect commu- aways” were those who stayed in the the extent that few, if nities and peoples across state and na- area and were soon caught or returned any, slaves were fugi- tional borders and would yield much and “fugitives” were those who made a tives from his proper- new information about the varied sys- real attempt to leave slaveholding re- 1 ties. tems of slavery from which fugitives gions, then the Eppes plantations had made their escape. no fugitives, as yet uncovered, until the Civil War, although there were many This study of slavery and runaways short-term runaways over the decades. from the Eppes plantations near City Point and Petersburg, VA, was originally On balance, in the decades before the planned as one part of a three-part his- Civil War when the Underground Rail- tory study of the Underground Rail- road was at its most active, research in- road that would include three NPS sites dicates that the Eppes bondsmen within the Northeast Region of the weighed their options and found the ef- NPS. Those sites were Boston African fort to strike out for permanent free- American National Historic Site (MA), dom too difficult, too emotionally Hampton National Historic Site (MD), wrenching or too dire in consequences and Petersburg National Battlefield to attempt. Richard Eppes, the last an- (VA). The primary goal of this multi-site tebellum owner, ran a highly-organized study was to demonstrate the wide- and closely-scrutinized group of plan- spread activity of the Underground tations, and escape would not have Railroad and its connections from re- been easy, especially by land. Eppes set gion to region and nation to nation. A himself the difficult task of moderniz- secondary goal was to place the Under- ing his plantations by utilizing the latest ground Railroad within the context of technology and by studying agricultural African American life at those three journals while keeping the enslaved la- sites, two of which were upper South bor force that was originally acquired plantations using enslaved labor. for a tobacco economy. His desire to economize and show a profit caused Various delays made it impossible for him to monitor the activities of his en- research at the three sites to move for- forced labor more closely than was ward together, but the Petersburg NB typical for Virginia planters. His meth- study, by including the town of Peters- ods of control, while they could never burg in its research, fulfills the goals of eliminate resistance to enslavement, linking regions, nations, and individuals were effective to the extent that few, if in the Underground Railroad. At the any, servants were fugitives from his heart of this study are the enslaved properties. families on the Eppes plantations 10 National Park Service With a code of laws that offered pre- pay a boatman or ship’s captain to hide dictable rewards and punishments and them aboard. with a domestic system that encouraged marriages of enslaved persons and of- Just as important as resistance was the fered stability for extended families, he post-Civil War interpretation of slavery resolved two of the greatest anxieties as benign and the plantation as a place among enslaved African Americans — of happy enslaved family life. Closer ex- the fear of arbitrary and unpredictable amination of individual lives shows vio- punishment and the fear of separation lence, coercion, and children of
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nomination Form
    VLR Listing - 9/6/2006 Vi-/-· 11/1,/1, NRHP Listing - 11/3/2006 ,·~ (-µ{ :.,1(1-i C ' ,ps Form 10·900 0."\18 :\'o. !024-4018 \Ill',·. 10·90) 11. S. Department or the lnh.·:r-ior Town of Bermuda Hundred Historic District ~ational Park Sen'ice Chesterfield Co .. VA '.\TATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION FORM This ronn is for use in nomir,ating or requesting d~enninations for individual properties and districts. See instruction.~ in l-lo~vto Complete the National Rcg1sler ofHi~tor1c Places Registration Forrn {National Register Bulletin 16A). Complete each Hem by marking "x" in the appropnate box or bycntcnng :he information requcs!cd IC any item does not apply to the property bein~ documented, enter "NIA" for "no: applicable." For functions, architectural ,·las.~ification, nrnteriu!s, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. Place additional entries and narrative •terns on con1inuat1011 sheets (NPS Form J 0·900a). Use a t)i)ewflter, word processor, or eompuler, lo complete all items. I. Name of Pro ert ' Historic t<ame: Town ofBennuda Hundred Historic District other names/site number VDHR #020-0064 2. Location street & number_~B~o~t~h~s~id~e~s~o=f~B~e~nn=u~d~•~H=u~n~d~re~d~•n~d~A~l~li~e~d~R~o~a~d~s~______ not for publication ___ _ city or town Chester vicinity_,~X~-- :itate Virginia code VA eounty Chesterfield ____ code 041 Zip _2382 J 3. State/Federal Agency Certification !\s the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1986, as amended, J hereby certify that lhis _x_ nomina11on __ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering propenies in the Narional Register ofHmoric Place~ and meets the procedural and professional requirements sel forth in 36 CFR Part 60.
    [Show full text]
  • Pocahontas Alias Matoaka, and Her Descendants Through Her
    POC A H O N TAS S T O ALIA MA AKA, A N D H ER DESC EN DA NTS T H R OUGH H ER MARR IAGE AT am esto w n Vir inia in A ril 1 6 1 J , g , p , 4 , WITH OH N R OLFE GEN T LEMAN J , ; I N C LUDING TH E N AM‘ES O F ALFR IEN D E B E LE BE B L BOLL B , ARCH R , NT Y , RNARD , AND, ING, RANCH , B E LL LE I E I' "O O L ' V L CA , CAT TT , CARY, DANDR DG , D N , D UG AS , DU A , E L E E LLE E O IE L LE M GAY O DRIDG , TT , F RGUS N , F D , F ING , , GORD N, F S O I O B LEW LO M K GRI FIN , GRAY N , HARR S N , HU ARD , IS , GAN , AR H AM M E DE M C E M E O E RA N , A , RA , URRAY, PAG ], P YTHR SS , OL OBE O N K W ST ANA R D TAZEWELL D PH , R RTS , S IP ITH , , , W LK WE W A N D T S E LE O E . A , ST , HITT H R WIT H Biographical Sketch es N D O SO WY H AM R BERT N , AN ’D I L L U ST R AT IV E H IST OR I CA L N OT ES A B K . R . R O O D w . O G S J .
    [Show full text]
  • The Three-Fifths Clause: a Necessary American Compromise Or Evidence of America’S Original Sin?
    THE THREE-FIFTHS CLAUSE: A NECESSARY AMERICAN COMPROMISE OR EVIDENCE OF AMERICA’S ORIGINAL SIN? A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Continuing Studies and of The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Masters of Arts in Liberal Studies By Michael D. Tanguay, B.A. Georgetown University Washington, DC 4 April 2017 COPYRIGHT Copyright 2017 by Michael D. Tanguay All Rights Reserved ii THE THREE-FIFTHS CLAUSE: A NECESSARY AMERICAN COMPROMISE OR EVIDENCE OF AMERICA’S ORIGINAL SIN? Michael D. Tanguay, B.A. MALS Mentor: James H. Hershman, Ph.D. ABSTRACT For over 230 years historians and scholars have argued that the Three-fifths Clause of the United States Constitution, which counted slaves as three-fifths a citizen when calculating states’ population for apportionment in the House of Representatives, gave Southern states a disproportional amount of power in Congress. This “Slave Power” afforded by the additional “slave seats” in the House of Representatives and extra votes in the Electoral College allegedly prolonged slavery well beyond the anticipated timelines for gradual emancipation efforts already enacted by several states at the time of the Constitutional Convention. An analysis of a sampling of these debates starts in the period immediately following ratification and follows these debates well into the 21st century. Debates on the pro- or anti-slavery aspects of the Constitution began almost immediately after ratification with the Election of 1800 and resurfaced during many critical moments in the antebellum period including the Missouri Compromise, the Dred Scott decision, The Compromise of 1850 and the Wilmot Proviso.
    [Show full text]
  • VMI History Fact Sheet
    VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE Founded in 1839, Virginia Military Institute is the nation’s first state-supported military college. U.S. News & World Report has ranked VMI among the nation’s top undergraduate public liberal arts colleges since 2001. For 2018, Money magazine ranked VMI 14th among the top 50 small colleges in the country. VMI is part of the state-supported system of higher education in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The governor appoints the Board of Visitors, the Institute’s governing body. The superintendent is the chief executive officer. WWW.VMI.EDU HISTORY OF VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE 540-464-7230 INSTITUTE OFFICERS On Nov. 11, 1839, 23 young Virginians were history. On May 15, 1863, the Corps of mustered into the service of the state and, in Cadets escorted Jackson’s remains to his Superintendent a falling snow, the first cadet sentry – John grave in Lexington. Just before the Battle of Gen. J.H. Binford Peay III B. Strange of Scottsville, Va. – took his post. Chancellorsville, in which he died, Jackson, U.S. Army (retired) Today the duty of walking guard duty is the after surveying the field and seeing so many oldest tradition of the Institute, a tradition VMI men around him in key positions, spoke Deputy Superintendent for experienced by every cadet. the oft-quoted words: “The Institute will be Academics and Dean of Faculty Col. J.T.L. Preston, a lawyer in Lexington heard from today.” Brig. Gen. Robert W. Moreschi and one of the founders of VMI, declared With the outbreak of the war, the Cadet Virginia Militia that the Institute’s unique program would Corps trained recruits for the Confederate Deputy Superintendent for produce “fair specimens of citizen-soldiers,” Army in Richmond.
    [Show full text]
  • From the General History of Virginia John Smith What Happened Till the First Supply
    from The General History of Virginia John Smith What Happened Till the First Supply John Smith himself wrote this account of the early months of the Jamestown settlement. For that reason, he may be trying to make his actions seem even braver and more selfless than they were. As you read, stay alert for evidence of exaggerating by Smith. Being thus left to our fortunes, it fortuned1 that within ten days, scarce ten amongst us could either go2 or well stand, such extreme weakness and sickness oppressed us. And thereat none need marvel if they consider the cause and reason, which was this: While the ships stayed, our allowance was somewhat bettered by a daily proportion of biscuit which the sailors would pilfer to sell, give, or exchange with us for money, sassafras,3 or furs. But when they departed, there remained neither tavern, beer house, nor place of relief but the common kettle.4 Had we been as free from all sins as gluttony and drunkenness we might have been canonized for saints, but our President5 would never have been admitted for engrossing to his private,6 oatmeal, sack,7 oil, aqua vitae,8 beef, eggs, or what not but the kettle; that indeed he allowed equally to be distributed, and that was half a pint of wheat and as much barley boiled with water for a man a day, and this, having fried some twenty-six weeks in the ship's hold, contained as many worms as grains so that we might truly call it rather so much bran than corn; our drink was water, our lodgings castles in the air.
    [Show full text]
  • Negro Historiography with Special Emphasis on Negro Historians of the New School
    Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Plan B and other Reports Graduate Studies 5-1968 Negro Historiography With Special Emphasis on Negro Historians of the New School Ella D. Lewis Douglas Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/gradreports Part of the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Douglas, Ella D. Lewis, "Negro Historiography With Special Emphasis on Negro Historians of the New School" (1968). All Graduate Plan B and other Reports. 689. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/gradreports/689 This Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Plan B and other Reports by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NEGROHISTORIOGRA PHY WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON NEGROHISTORIANS OF THE NEWSCHOOL by Ella D. Lewis Douglas Report No. 1 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTEROF SCIENCE in Socia l Scie nc e Plan B UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Logan , Uta h 1968 ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Special attention is given here to the racial leaders of twenty years ago who spoke of developing race-pride an d stimulating race­ consciousness, and of the desirability of rac e solidarity. This report is a special tribute to them. The writer is also indebted to Dr s. G, S. Huxford and Douglas D. Alder for the courtesy and encourageme nt which they extended in the construct ing of this report. Ella D. Lewis Douglas TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ii Chapter I.
    [Show full text]
  • The Difficult Plantation Past: Operational and Leadership Mechanisms and Their Impact on Racialized Narratives at Tourist Plantations
    THE DIFFICULT PLANTATION PAST: OPERATIONAL AND LEADERSHIP MECHANISMS AND THEIR IMPACT ON RACIALIZED NARRATIVES AT TOURIST PLANTATIONS by Jennifer Allison Harris A Dissertation SubmitteD in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Public History Middle Tennessee State University May 2019 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Kathryn Sikes, Chair Dr. Mary Hoffschwelle Dr. C. Brendan Martin Dr. Carroll Van West To F. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I cannot begin to express my thanks to my dissertation committee chairperson, Dr. Kathryn Sikes. Without her encouragement and advice this project would not have been possible. I would like to express my deepest appreciation to my dissertation committee members Drs. Mary Hoffschwelle, Carroll Van West, and Brendan Martin. My very deepest gratitude extends to Dr. Martin and the Public History Program for graciously and generously funding my research site visits. I’m deeply indebted to the National Science Foundation project research team, Drs. Derek H. Alderman, Perry L. Carter, Stephen P. Hanna, David Butler, and Amy E. Potter. However, I owe special thanks to Dr. Butler who introduced me to the project data and offered ongoing mentorship through my research and writing process. I would also like to extend my deepest gratitude to Dr. Kimberly Douglass for her continued professional sponsorship and friendship. The completion of my dissertation would not have been possible without the loving support and nurturing of Frederick Kristopher Koehn, whose patience cannot be underestimated. I must also thank my MTSU colleagues Drs. Bob Beatty and Ginna Foster Cannon for their supportive insights. My friend Dr. Jody Hankins was also incredibly helpful and reassuring throughout the last five years, and I owe additional gratitude to the “Low Brow CrowD,” for stress relief and weekend distractions.
    [Show full text]
  • Slavery and the Underground Railroad at the Eppes Plantations, Petersburg National Battlefield Cover: Appomattox Manor at City Point, Virginia
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Petersburg National Battlefield Petersburg, Virginia Slavery and the Underground Railroad at the Eppes Plantations, Petersburg National Battlefield Cover: Appomattox Manor at City Point, Virginia. Photo courtesy National Park Service. SLAVERY AND THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD At the Eppes Plantations Petersburg National Battlefield Special History Study by Marie Tyler-McGraw Prepared for Organization of American Historians Under cooperative agreement with Northeast Region National Park Service U. S. Department of the Interior Printed December 2005 Contents Acknowledgements 10 Executive Summary Research Methods and Summary of Findings 11 Chapter 1 Frontiers and Boundaries (1640s – 1765) 15 Landscape and settlement on the James River and Appomattox colonial frontier. Origins of slavery and early resistance Chapter 2 Revolutions (1765 – 1816) 20 Revolutions in Agricultural Production, Government, Religious Practice and Belief in Eastern Virginia Escape to the British and service in the Continental Armies during the Revolution Slavery in early Federal Virginia Chapter 3 The Great Divide (1816 – 1844) 26 East Virginia slavery, fugitives and free blacks in the national political divisions over slavery Chapter 4 Calculating the Costs (1848 – 1862) 31 Leaving and staying in the age of sectional hostility Shrinking distances and a nearby Underground Railroad Daily life on the late antebellum Eppes plantations Chapter 5 Contraband: Escape During the Civil War (1861 – 1867) 42 Escape and return in the Civil War era Chapter 6 The Underground Railroad in Petersburg 46 In the region of the Eppes plantations Footnotes 57 Appendices I. Richard Eppes’s Code of Laws for the Island Plantation 66 II. Enslaved Families on the Eppes Plantations 70 III.
    [Show full text]
  • John Punch Indentured Servant
    John Punch Indentured Servant Which Orbadiah inclined so metaphysically that Lester overglazed her fieldstones? Fitting Odie secularise spinally. Son hoping slangily as unmaimed Spiro subintroduced her hajjis pronounce sooner. Were punished while on trial of john punch shall lift up the general council president too many indentured servant and heavily on what type of passenger transportation beyond his gun 1640 Indentured servant John Punch is sentenced to a lifetime of slavery in. Mixed Race Studies John Punch. Obama roots traced to reduce slave in US named John Punch. Virginia and the Carolinas Laws Flashcards Quizlet. Servants and duty boys all forms of indentured servitude regulated by social customs and contracts. Indentured servitude in British America Wikipedia. But previous research could open a curb Was John Punch the slave. Slavery Antislavery and his Underground Railroad. 1640 Virginia courts sentenced a strong run away servant John Punch to either his. 1640 Virginia courts sentenced a black border away servant John Punch shall serve. John Punch of an enslaved African who lived in the colony of Virginia Thought to that been an indentured servant Punch attempted to enhance to Maryland and was sentenced in July 1640 by the Virginia Governor's Council would serve as a burn for any remainder to his life. Slave John Punch Build Nation. An African servant John Punch is sentenced to bank after school away. African slavery rather than indentured servitude in history American colonies. Had ended with our man named John Punch being declared a thank for prime as. Thought might have sent an indentured servant Punch attempted to band to Maryland and was sentenced in July 1640 by the.
    [Show full text]
  • Agriculture in the Fredericksburg Area Harold J
    University of Richmond UR Scholarship Repository Master's Theses Student Research 6-1969 Agriculture in the Fredericksburg area Harold J. Muddiman Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.richmond.edu/masters-theses Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Muddiman, Harold J., "Agriculture in the Fredericksburg area" (1969). Master's Theses. Paper 823. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Research at UR Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of UR Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. AGRICULTURE IN THE FREDERICKSBURG AREA, 1800 TO 1840 BY HAROLD J. MUDDIMAN, JR. A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF RICHMOND IN CANDIDA CY FOR THE DEGREE OF MP.STER OF ARTS IN HISTORY JUNE 1969 _j- \.-'.' S I ,, I 1 \ f ! '• '\ ~ 4' ·.,; " '''"·. ·-' Approved: PREFACE I would like to express my appreciation for the invaluable advice of Dr. Joseph C. Robert in the preparation of this paper. Thanks also to my wife, Jane, for her help in gathering information from various county tax records. TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I. AGRICULTURAL CONDITIONS 1 Introduction Description of Agriculture in Virginia Tobacco Wheat Corn Cotton Flax, Hemp Livestock Landholdings II. PROBLEMS FOR THE FARMER . ' . 26 Slavery Overseer Transportation Tariff Emigration III. AGRICULTURAL REFORM 43 John Taylor of Caroline Diversified Farming Agricultural Societies Agricultural Journals Manures Crop Rotation Improved Agricultural Implements IV. CONCLUSION 68 BIBLIOGRAPHY 69 VITA LIST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE I. Tobacco Shipped From Fredericksburg and Nalmouth Warehouses, 1800-1824 .........
    [Show full text]
  • A Pirate's Life for Me
    A Pirate’s Life for Me 1| Page April 13th Kutztown University of Pennsylvania Table of Contents Staff Introductions…………………………………………………………………………………..……....3-4 Crisis Overview………………………………………………………………………………………......…...5 Pirate History………………………………..……………………………………………….…………....….6-10 Features of the Caribbean……………...…………………………………………….……………....….11-13 Dangers of the Sea………………………………………………………………………………….………..13-14 Character List…………………….…………………………………………………………….…...…….......14-24 Citations/Resources………..…………………………………………………………………..…………...25-26 Disclaimers…………….…………………………………………………………...………………………......26-27 2| Page Staff Introductions Head Crisis Staff - Sarah Hlay Dear Delegates, Hello and welcome to the “It’s A Pirate’s Life For Me” Committee! I am very excited to have all of you as a part of my committee to learn and explore the era that is the Golden Era of Piracy. My name is Sarah Hlay and I will be your Crisis Director for this committee. I am a junior at Kutztown University and this is my fourth semester as a part of Kutztown Model UN. This is my second Kumunc but first time running my own crisis. I am excited for you all to be part of my first crisis and to use creative problem solving together over the course of our committee. Pirate history is something that has always fascinated me and is a topic I enjoy learning more about each day. I’m excited to share my love and knowledge of this topic within one of the best eras that have existed. I hope to learn as much from me as I will from you. At Kutztown, I am studying Art Education and although I am not part of the Political Science department does not mean that debating and creative thinking is something I’m passionate about.
    [Show full text]
  • The Princess Pocahontas Pocahontas, Alias Matoaka, and Her Descendants
    Reproduced from the original photo of 1S87 THE PRINCESS POCAHONTAS POCAHONTAS, ALIAS MATOAKA, AND HER DESCENDANTS THROUGH HER MARRIAGE AT Jamestown, Virginia, in April, 1614, WITH JOHN ROLFE, GENTLEMAN; INCLUDING THE NAMES OP ALFRIEND, ARCHER, BENTLEY, BERNARD, BLAND, BOLLING, BRANCH, CABELL, CATLETT, CARY, DANDRIDGE, DIXON, DOUGLAS, DUVAL, ELDRIDGE, ELLETT, FERGUSON, FIELD, FLEMING, GAY, GORDON, GRIFFIN, GRAYSON, HARRISON, HUBARD, LEWIS, LOGAN, MARKHAM, MEADE, MCRAE, MURRAY, PAGE, POY- THRESS, RANDOLPH, ROBERTSON, SKIPWITH, STANARD, TAZEWELL, WALKE, WEST, WHIT­ TLE, AND OTHERS. WITH Biographical Sketches BY WYNDHAM ROBERTSON, AND ILLUSTRATIVE HISTORICAL NOTES BY R. A. BROCK J. W. RANDOLPH & ENGLISH, PUBLISHERS AND BOOKSELLERS, 1302 MAIN ST., RICHMOND, VA. 1887. Reprinted by JARMAN'S, iNCOIEI'dltATKD from the 1SS7 Edition for THE GREEN BOOKMAN Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1887, by WYNDHAM ROBERTSON In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. PREFACE. I offer to the narrow circle it may interest, as well as I have been able to restore it, the Tree of Pocahontas and Rolf e, as it has grown from them as its root to its seventh season (inclu­ sive) of fruitage. I accompany it with illustrative sketches of some of its notable products, within my reach, in order to relieve the blankness of it, by revealing something of its in­ ward succulence as well as its outward form. I have conden­ sed them as much as in my view consisted with my object, knowing how insignificant the whole matter is amid the great surges of the world it is thrown upon. The notice of Poca­ hontas is exceptionally long for reasons apparent on the face of it, involving, as it does, incidentally, the vindication of Captain Smith against the unfriendly strictures of some mod­ ern critics, and which all lovers of justice will thank me for introducing.
    [Show full text]