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Operating System Provision for Computer System

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Operating System Provision for Computer System ^ ^ ^ ^ I ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ II ^ ^ ^ II ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ I ^ European Patent Office Office europeen des brevets EP 0 867 806 A2 EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION (43) Date of publication: (51) |nt CI.6: G 06 F 9/445 30.09.1998 Bulletin 1998/40 (21) Application number: 98301425.9 (22) Date of filing: 26.02.1998 (84) Designated Contracting States: (72) Inventors: AT BE CH DE DK ES Fl FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC • Mealey, Bruce Gerard NL PT SE Austin, Texas 78759 (US) Designated Extension States: • Swanberg, Randal Craig AL LT LV MK RO SI Round Rock, Texas 78664 (US) • Williams, Michael Stephen (30) Priority: 17.03.1997 US 820471 Austin, Texas 78759-4530 (US) (71) Applicant: International Business Machines (74) Representative: Moss, Robert Douglas Corporation IBM United Kingdom Limited Armonk, N.Y. 10504 (US) Intellectual Property Department Hursley Park Winchester Hampshire S021 2JN (GB) (54) Operating system provision for computer system (57) An improved operating system for a computer provides support for specific hardware components. The operating system is loaded by first loading a base 30 portion which initializes the operating system and deter- 2 mines the particular type of hardware components FIRMWARE present. Then, appropriate software components are SEEKS OPERATING loaded that are specifically associated with the hard- SYSTEM ware components. The hardware components can be detected by leaving a trace in the device that 32 memory 1 is associated with the software component and later re- trieving the trace, or by testing the computer for the hard- OPERATING SYSTEM ware component. The hardware component may be a INITIALIZES bus architecture selected from a group of bus architec- 34 tures, and bus-independent interfaces are defined 1 which are mapped to addresses in the kernel. Alterna- tively, the software component can include a PAL which OPERATING SYSTEM contains specific instructions for communicating with DETERMINES the hardware component. The PAL is constructed from HARDWARE PRESENT a plurality of files each associated with the hardware 36 component. 2 HARDWARE-SPECIFIC COMPONENTS LOADED CM 38 < 2 CO o USER PROGRAMS 00 EXECUTED Is- CO 00 o a. LU Printed by Jouve, 75001 PARIS (FR) 1 EP 0 867 806 A2 2 Description order to allow it to function on the target platforms. One approach to this problem is to include support Technical Field of the Invention for a large number of hardware platforms in a single ver- sion of the operating system, such as is provided by the The present invention generally relates to computer 5 hardware abstraction layer ("HAL") of Microsoft Corp. systems, and more particularly to a method of providing With HAL, code is written to the abstracted interfaces, software support for different hardware platforms, in- then bound into the primary memory (kernel) to produce cluding different bus configurations. a single loadable image. This image is targeted for a single platform or group of platforms where minute dif- Background of the Invention 10 ferences in hardware can be handled with runtime checks. Significant changes in the hardware platform, The basic structure of a conventional computer sys- however, require an entirely new image which will not tem 1 0 is shown in Figure 1 . The heart of computer sys- run on the old platforms. This approach also increases tem 10 is a central processing unit (CPU) or processor implementation time, complicates media creation by 12 which is connected to several peripheral devices, in- is adding to the number of different install media, and also cluding input/output (I/O) devices 14 (such as a display increases test time. monitor and keyboard) for the user interface, a perma- One manner in which hardware platforms can differ nent memory device 16 (such as a hard disk or floppy relates to the many different types of input/output (I/O) diskette) for storing the computer's operating system bus lines which can be used for bus 20. Conventional and user programs, and a temporary memory device 18 20 bus designs include, for example, PCI (Peripheral Com- (such as random-access memory or RAM) that is used ponent Interface) and ISA (Industry Standard Architec- by processor 12 to carry out program instructions. Proc- ture) created by IBM. A single machine can use more essor 12 communicates with the peripheral devices by than one bus architecture, e.g., have a system bus from various means, including a bus 20 or a direct channel the processor that connects to other I/O busses via 22. Computer system 10 also includes firmware 24 25 bridges. As new computer systems are developed with whose primary purpose is to seek out and load an op- different I/O busses, the operating system must be erating system from one of the peripherals (usually per- changed and re-released to support each new bus or manent memory device 16) whenever the computer is each new combination. This requirement becomes ex- first turned on. Computer system 1 0 may have many ad- pensive due to packaging and testing of each system. ditional components which are not shown, such as serial 30 Also, since the code to support a bus is an integral part and parallel ports for connection to, e.g., modems or of the operating system, it takes up valuable memory printers. Those skilled in the art will further appreciate resources even though the bus may not be present on that there are other components that might be used in the system. In other words, the operating system, when conjunction with those shown in the block diagram of running, may include software components for support- Figure 1; for example, a display adapter connected to 35 ing many different bus designs even though it needs on- processor 12 might be used to control a video display ly one to run on any particular machine. monitor. The foregoing generally applies to any type of op- In today's computer architectures, great flexibility is erating system, but the present invention has particular available to hardware designers, allowing differentiation application to UNIX (UNIX is a trademark licensed ex- between computer platforms among various vendors 40 clusively through X/Open Company Ltd.). UNIXisamul- that still meet an industry-defined architecture (stand- ti-user, multi-tasking operating system which is availa- ard). These differences in the computer platforms must ble from a variety of sources with different versions. be accommodated by operating systems that run on These include, among others, System V from A T and them. In a software OEM (original equipment manufac- T, AIX from IBM (AIX is a trademark of International turer) environment, this means that a hardware vendor 45 Business Machines Corporation) and Mach from NeXT must have access to all the source code for each oper- Computer. It is a problem for manufacturers of UNIX- ating system that is going to run on the system. These type workstations (and their vendors) to add bus support hardware vendors then modify the operating system for busses not supported by that manufacturer. For ex- source code to run in their computer platform. This ap- ample, Motorola manufactures computers with its VME proach has several problems. First of all, an operating so bus, and so must add support for the VME bus to AIX system source code license is needed and is very ex- (licensed by IBM) so that they can use AIX on their plat- pensive. Second, much of the operating system has no forms. This procedure becomes very expensive for eve- dependency on the hardware that is different. Third, the ry manufacturer as it must be done for each release of vendor must dedicate assets to building the operating the particular operating system. It would, therefore, be system and repackaging it for the target platforms. Fi- 55 desirable to provide an operating system that allows for nally, as each new version of the operating system is hardware-specific support without requiring the operat- released by the OEM, the vendor must repeat any mod- ing system to include support for multiple hardware plat- ifications done to the prior version on the new one in forms. It would be further advantageous if the operating 2 3 EP 0 867 806 A2 4 system were designed for one release medium that constructed from a plurality of files each associated with would work across all platforms, and still be easily the hardware component. adapted for new hardware platforms. Brief Description of the Drawings Disclosure of the Invention 5 The invention will now be described with reference Accordingly, the present invention provides a meth- to preferred embodiment thereof as illustrated in the ac- od of providing an operating system for a computer hav- companying drawings, wherein: ing a processor for carrying out program instructions, a memory device connected to the processor, and a hard- 10 Figure 1 is a block diagram depicting typical hard- ware component connected to the processor, the meth- ware for a conventional computer system; and od being characterised by the steps of: loading into the memory device a base portion of an operating system, Figure 2 is a flow chart depicting how, according to the base portion having instructions for detecting the the present invention, hardware-specific compo- hardware component; detecting the hardware compo- 15 nents are loaded in the operating system during the nent; and loading a software component that is specifi- boot sequence. cally associated with the hardware component into the memory device. Detailed Description of the Invention According to another aspect, the invention also pro- vides a computer system having a processor for carry- 20 The present invention is directed to a method of ing out program instructions, a memory device connect- loading an operating system on a computer which has ed to the processor, and a hardware component con- a particular hardware platform that requires specific nected to the processor, characterised in that the sys- software support to be provided by the operating sys- tem further comprises: means for loading into the mem- tem.
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