INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY a Media Player Based on ARM by Porting of Linux Archan Agrawal*, Mrs
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De-Anonymizing Live Cds Through Physical Memory Analysis
De-Anonymizing Live CDs through Physical Memory Analysis Andrew Case [email protected] Digital Forensics Solutions Abstract Traditional digital forensics encompasses the examination of data from an offline or “dead” source such as a disk image. Since the filesystem is intact on these images, a number of forensics techniques are available for analysis such as file and metadata examination, timelining, deleted file recovery, indexing, and searching. Live CDs present a serious problem for this investigative model, however, since the OS and applications execute in a RAM-only environment and do not save data on non-volatile storage devices such as the local disk. In order to solve this problem, we present a number of techniques that support complete recovery of a live CD’s in-memory filesystem and partial recovery of its deleted contents. We also present memory analysis of the popular Tor application, since it is used by a number of live CDs in an attempt to keep network communications encrypted and anonymous. 1 Introduction Traditional digital forensics encompasses the examination of data from an offline or “dead” source such as a disk image. Under normal circumstances, evidence is obtained by first creating an exact, bit-for-bit copy of the target disk, followed by hashing of both the target disk and the new copy. If these hashes match then it is known that an exact copy has been made, and the hash is recorded to later prove that evidence was not modified during the investigation. Besides satisfying legal requirements, obtaining a bit-for-bit copy of data provides investigators with a wealth of information to examine and makes available a number of forensics techniques. -
Computer Architectures an Overview
Computer Architectures An Overview PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Sat, 25 Feb 2012 22:35:32 UTC Contents Articles Microarchitecture 1 x86 7 PowerPC 23 IBM POWER 33 MIPS architecture 39 SPARC 57 ARM architecture 65 DEC Alpha 80 AlphaStation 92 AlphaServer 95 Very long instruction word 103 Instruction-level parallelism 107 Explicitly parallel instruction computing 108 References Article Sources and Contributors 111 Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 113 Article Licenses License 114 Microarchitecture 1 Microarchitecture In computer engineering, microarchitecture (sometimes abbreviated to µarch or uarch), also called computer organization, is the way a given instruction set architecture (ISA) is implemented on a processor. A given ISA may be implemented with different microarchitectures.[1] Implementations might vary due to different goals of a given design or due to shifts in technology.[2] Computer architecture is the combination of microarchitecture and instruction set design. Relation to instruction set architecture The ISA is roughly the same as the programming model of a processor as seen by an assembly language programmer or compiler writer. The ISA includes the execution model, processor registers, address and data formats among other things. The Intel Core microarchitecture microarchitecture includes the constituent parts of the processor and how these interconnect and interoperate to implement the ISA. The microarchitecture of a machine is usually represented as (more or less detailed) diagrams that describe the interconnections of the various microarchitectural elements of the machine, which may be everything from single gates and registers, to complete arithmetic logic units (ALU)s and even larger elements. -
Testingtesting SSLSSL
TestingTesting SSLSSL DirkDirk WetterWetter (d0rk)(d0rk) @drwetter Licence: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ BSidesHH2015 28.12.2015 © Dirk Wetter, see 1st slide BSidesHH2015 28.12.2015 Dirk see© Wetter, 1st slide ● ● Independent security consultant consultant security Independent Community involvements Community – – – – GUUG OWASP historical strong background unix-/networking pentests / defense+hardening /concepts /training /PM • programming: ...) past (well, 0. whoami 0. https://drwetter.eu/ 1. Intro ● HowTo do that? – Different tools available ● Based on Python (sslyze), PHP+Python (ssl-decoder), Perl (o-saft), scripted (cipherscan), SSLlabs (Go), ... ● Coverage: Nmap+LUA, Java (TestSSLServer), Windows EXE (SSLAudit) – Some Open Source, some not – Privacy – Platform availability BSidesHH2015 28.12.2015 © Dirk Wetter, see 1st slide 1. Intro ● testssl.sh: what is that? – Blunt: ● Check's any server's SSL/TLS encryption – Cool thing: ● Plain /bin/bash + openssl as helper ● + standard Unix tools, no perl/python etc. – compatible: ● Linux ● Mac OS X ● (Free)BSD ● Windows: MSYS2, Cygwin BSidesHH2015 28.12.2015 © Dirk Wetter, see 1st slide BSidesHH2015 28.12.2015 © Dirk Wetter, see 1st slide BSidesHH2015 28.12.2015 © Dirk Wetter, see 1st slide 1. Intro ● testssl.sh – customized runs, see --help BSidesHH2015 28.12.2015 © Dirk Wetter, see 1st slide 1. Intro ● Batch processing BSidesHH2015 28.12.2015 © Dirk Wetter, see 1st slide 1. Intro ● testssl.sh – 2005: inhouse testing tool (pentests) – Open sourced: ~ 2010 ● 2/2014: domain testssl.sh ● 4/2014: bitbucket ● 10/2014: github ● 3 releases in 2015 – ~ 5500 LoC BSidesHH2015 28.12.2015 © Dirk Wetter, see 1st slide Flag: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Flag_of_Saint_Helena.svg from „Patricia Fidi“. -
Backtrack 4 – the Definitive Guide
BackTrack 4 – The Definitive Guide Introduction ..............................................................................................................................2 Behind the curtains.................................................................................................................2 BackTrack Base................................................................................................................................. 2 BackTrack Kernel............................................................................................................................. 2 Packages and Repositories............................................................................................................ 3 Meta packages.................................................................................................................................... 4 Meta Meta Packages......................................................................................................................... 4 Up and running with BackTrack.................................................................................................. 4 Installing BackTrack to Disk................................................................................................5 Updating Backtrack ................................................................................................................5 Customizing BackTrack.........................................................................................................6 Creating your own -
Linux Distributions (Distros) and Competitors
Linux Distributions (Distros) and Competitors Pick your poison By Lineage • Redhat Tree: RHEL, Fedora, Centos, Mandrake (Mandriva) • Debian tree: Debian, Ubuntu and it’s variants, LinuxMint, Knoppix • Gentoo • (Open)Suse: Novell and Europe • Slackware • Open/FreeBSD: USL based • (Open) Solaris: USL based By Package Management Package Red Hat Debian Manager Package file .rpm .deb suffix Per-package rpm dpkg tool Dependency yum apt-get tool Other software management options • “make” and “tarballs” • “txz packages (Slackware) • “tbz” BSD based • Pre-packaged source (Gentoo) • Specialized USL – Solaris, HP-UX, AIX RedHat Family • Most widely used software distro. • Most distros use .rpm binaries even if not actually based on Redhat • RedHat Enterprise LINUX (RHEL): - Premier, most widely used commercial LINUX server distro - Expensive, but good support. Lots of Internet support - Software administration sometimes problematic • Mandrake (Mandriva): - Excellent desktop variant - User group and support is scattered • Fedora (formerly a separate organization): - Server oriented RedHat Beta(s), usually 2x per year - Free, but flaky. Bleeding edge. - Download distribution media of variable quality. - Newer features and utilities lack stability. • Centos: - Server oriented RHEL variant usually 6-12 months behind current release - Free, stable, not current in features. - Widely used in commercial network devices Debian Family • Second most widely used distro • Distros use .deb binaries • Debian - Oldest distro outside of Slackware - Plenty of packages and support - Server oriented - 100+ variants - Announced two code base options: LINUX and OpenBSD!!!!!!! • Ubuntu: - Desktop oriented but server is coming on. • LINUX MINT: - Ubuntu variant, mainly desktop with improved usability features • Knoppix: - “Live CD” only. - Used for system backup/recovery. Others • (Open)Suse: - Novell Netware LINUX from Europe. -
Performance Evaluation of Vmware and Virtualbox
2012 IACSIT Hong Kong Conferences IPCSIT vol. 29 (2012) © (2012) IACSIT Press, Singapore Performance Evaluation of VMware and VirtualBox Deepak K Damodaran1+, Biju R Mohan2, Vasudevan M S 3 and Dinesh Naik 4 Information Technology, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, India Abstract. Virtualization is a framework of dividing the resources of a computer into multiple execution environments. More specific it is a layer of software that provides the illusion of a real machine to multiple instances of virtual machines. Virtualization offers a lot of benefits including flexibility, security, ease to configuration and management, reduction of cost and so forth, but at the same time it also brings a certain degree of performance overhead. Furthermore, Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) is the core component of virtual machine (VM) system and its effectiveness greatly impacts the performance of whole system. In this paper, we measure and analyze the performance of two virtual machine monitors VMware and VirtualBox using LMbench and IOzone, and provide a quantitative and qualitative comparison of both virtual machine monitors. Keywords: Virtualization, Virtual machine monitors, Performance. 1. Introduction Years ago, a problem aroused. How to run multiple operating systems on the same machine at the same time. The solution to this problem was virtual machines. Virtual machine monitor (VMM) the core part of virtual machines sits between one or more operating systems and the hardware and gives the illusion to each running operating system that it controls the machine. Behind the scenes, however the VMM actually is in control of the hardware, and must multiplex running operating systems across the physical resources of the machine. -
GNU/Linux Distro Timeline LEAF Version 10.9 Skolelinux Lindows Linspire Authors: A
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Libranet Omoikane (Arma) Gibraltar GNU/Linux distro timeline LEAF Version 10.9 Skolelinux Lindows Linspire Authors: A. Lundqvist, D. Rodic - futurist.se/gldt Freespire Published under the GNU Free Documentation License MEPIS SimplyMEPIS Impi Guadalinex Clonezilla Live Edubuntu Xubuntu gNewSense Geubuntu OpenGEU Fluxbuntu Eeebuntu Aurora OS Zebuntu ZevenOS Maryan Qimo wattOS Element Jolicloud Ubuntu Netrunner Ylmf Lubuntu eBox Zentyal Ubuntu eee Easy Peasy CrunchBang gOS Kiwi Ubuntulite U-lite Linux Mint nUbuntu Kubuntu Ulteo MoLinux BlankOn Elive OS2005 Maemo Epidemic sidux PelicanHPC Inquisitor Canaima Debian Metamorphose Estrella Roja BOSS PureOS NepaLinux Tuquito Trisquel Resulinux BeatriX grml DeadCD Olive Bluewall ASLinux gnuLiNex DeMuDi Progeny Quantian DSL-N Damn Small Linux Hikarunix Damn Vulnerable Linux Danix Parsix Kanotix Auditor Security Linux Backtrack Bioknoppix Whoppix WHAX Symphony OS Knoppix Musix ParallelKnoppix Kaella Shabdix Feather KnoppMyth Aquamorph Dreamlinux Morphix ZoneCD Hiwix Hiweed Deepin Kalango Kurumin Poseidon Dizinha NeoDizinha Patinho Faminto Finnix Storm Corel Xandros Moblin MeeGo Bogus Trans-Ameritech Android Mini Monkey Tinfoil Hat Tiny Core Yggdrasil Linux Universe Midori Quirky TAMU DILINUX DOSLINUX Mamona Craftworks BluePoint Yoper MCC Interim Pardus Xdenu EnGarde Puppy Macpup SmoothWall GPL SmoothWall Express IPCop IPFire Beehive Paldo Source Mage Sorcerer Lunar eIT easyLinux GoboLinux GeeXboX Dragora -
Measuring Cache and TLB Performance and Their Effect on Benchmark Run Times²§
Measuring Cache and TLB Performance and Their Effect on Benchmark Run Times²§ Rafael H. Saavedra³ Alan Jay Smith³³ ABSTRACT In previous research, we have developed and presented a model for measuring machines and analyzing programs, and for accurately predicting the running time of any analyzed program on any measured machine. That work is extended here by: (a) developing a high level program to measure the design and performance of the cache and TLB for any machine; (b) using those measurements, along with published miss ratio data, to improve the accuracy of our run time predictions; (c) using our analysis tools and measurements to study and compare the design of several machines, with par- ticular reference to their cache and TLB performance. As part of this work, we describe the design and performance of the cache and TLB for ten machines. The work presented in this paper extends a powerful technique for the evaluation and analysis of both computer systems and their workloads; this methodology is valuable both to com- puter users and computer system designers. 1. Introduction The performance of a computer system is a function of the speed of the individual functional units, such as the integer, branch, and floating-point units, caches, bus, memory system, and I/O units, and of the workload presented to the system. In our previous research [Saav89, 90, 92b, 92c], described below, we have measured the performance of the parts of the CPU on corresponding portions of various work- loads, but this work has not explicitly considered the behavior and performance of the cache memory. -
What Every Programmer Should Know About Memory
What Every Programmer Should Know About Memory Ulrich Drepper Red Hat, Inc. [email protected] November 21, 2007 Abstract As CPU cores become both faster and more numerous, the limiting factor for most programs is now, and will be for some time, memory access. Hardware designers have come up with ever more sophisticated memory handling and acceleration techniques–such as CPU caches–but these cannot work optimally without some help from the programmer. Unfortunately, neither the structure nor the cost of using the memory subsystem of a computer or the caches on CPUs is well understood by most programmers. This paper explains the structure of memory subsys- tems in use on modern commodity hardware, illustrating why CPU caches were developed, how they work, and what programs should do to achieve optimal performance by utilizing them. 1 Introduction day these changes mainly come in the following forms: In the early days computers were much simpler. The var- • RAM hardware design (speed and parallelism). ious components of a system, such as the CPU, memory, mass storage, and network interfaces, were developed to- • Memory controller designs. gether and, as a result, were quite balanced in their per- • CPU caches. formance. For example, the memory and network inter- faces were not (much) faster than the CPU at providing • Direct memory access (DMA) for devices. data. This situation changed once the basic structure of com- For the most part, this document will deal with CPU puters stabilized and hardware developers concentrated caches and some effects of memory controller design. on optimizing individual subsystems. Suddenly the per- In the process of exploring these topics, we will explore formance of some components of the computer fell sig- DMA and bring it into the larger picture. -
Backtrack System: Security Against Hacking
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 5, Issue 2, February 2015 1 ISSN 2250-3153 BackTrack System: Security against Hacking Munir A. Ghanem Information Technology Department, Northern Border University Abstract- Hacking became one of the world's most famous Lastly, our research presentation in front of the discussion information technology problem. It's the work of whom doesn't committee, will be followed by a practical application to show has a work, a work to gain more money, a work to harm others, the security tools of BackTrack. and a work for many other purposes. Almost every week, if it is not every day, we hear about hacking attacks that hits many significant sites in the country, such as: Ministries, Banks, II. PROBLEM DEFINITION Uniform sites and many other important persons accounts on the Problem that imposes to write this research can be social network sites. Fortunately, not all the hackers are summarized as follows: professional in hacking, but they trained them self on one or 1. Clear increase of hacking attacks without any deterrent more of such programs for one of the previous purposes. On the or knowing how to stop it. other side, the secret of success in such hacking attacks is that the 2. Unawareness of many individuals on how to secure intended attacked targets did not take the proper precautionary their computers. measures to protect themselves from such attacks. 3. Raise people knowledge on e-piracy culture, and In this research, I am focusing on "BackTrack System" and consequently raising knowledge of information security. -
Kali Linux Revealed
Kali Linux Revealed Mastering the Penetration Testing Distribution Kali Linux Revealed Mastering the Penetration Testing Distribution by Raphaël Hertzog, Jim O’Gorman, and Mati Aharoni Kali Linux Revealed Copyright © 2017 Raphaël Hertzog, Jim O’Gorman, and Mati Aharoni This book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. è http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ Some sections of this book borrow content from the “Debian Administrator’s Handbook, Debian Jessie from Discovery to Mastery” written by Raphaël Hertzog and Roland Mas, which is available here: è https://debian-handbook.info/browse/stable/ For the purpose of the CC-BY-SA license, Kali Linux Revealed is an Adaptation of the Debian Administrator’s Handbook. “Kali Linux” is a trademark of Offensive Security. Any use or distribution of this book, modified or not, must comply with the trademark policy defined here: è https://www.kali.org/trademark-policy/ All Rights Not Explicitly Granted Above Are Reserved. ISBN: 978-0-9976156-0-9 (paperback) Offsec Press 19701 Bethel Church Road, #103-253 Cornelius NC 28031 USA www.offensive-security.com Library of Congress Control Number: 2017905895 The information in this book is distributed on an “As Is” basis, without warranty. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this work, neither the authors nor Offsec Press shall have any liabil- ity to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by the information contained in it. Because of the dynamic nature of the Internet, any Web addresses or links contained in this book may have changed since publication and may no longer be valid. -
Sudo Passwd Root Sudo Sh -C 'Echo "Greeter-Show-Manual-Login=True
sudo passwd root sudo sh -c 'echo "greeter-show-manual-login=true" >> /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf' sudo apt-get install gnome-session-fallback sudo apt-get install gdebi && sudo apt-get install synaptic ******************************************************************************** * Kali Linux sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list BackBox deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/backbox/three/ubuntu precise main deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/backbox/three/ubuntu precise main Ubuntu Trusty Tahr 14.04 deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/darklordpaunik8880/darkminttrustytahr/ubuntu trusty main deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/darklordpaunik8880/darkminttrustytahr/ubuntu tr usty main deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/darklordpaunik8880/darkminttrustytahr2/ubuntu trust y main deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/darklordpaunik8880/darkminttrustytahr2/ubuntu t rusty main Ubuntu 13.04 deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/wagungs/kali-linux2/ubuntu raring main deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/wagungs/kali-linux2/ubuntu raring main deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/wagungs/kali-linux/ubuntu raring main deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/wagungs/kali-linux/ubuntu raring main Ubuntu 12.04 deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/wagungs/kali-linux/ubuntu precise main deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/wagungs/kali-linux/ubuntu precise main deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/wagungs/kali-linux2/ubuntu precise main deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/wagungs/kali-linux2/ubuntu precise main nano pgp-key -----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK----- Version: SKS 1.1.4 Comment: Hostname: keyserver.ubuntu.com mI0ET324YwEEANbSlISrOlAGjxgFRxiN6jk0JIl/vxQ8lapRdxZ4DHDAQdXbX4AuigMBkP5e