Peptide Aggregation and Neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's Disease

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Peptide Aggregation and Neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's Disease Modulation of Amyloid-b peptide aggregation and neurotoxicity in Alzheimer’s disease Biuse Guivernau Almazán Doctoral Thesis UPF 2016 Thesis director: Dr. Francisco José Muñoz López Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut Biuse Guivernau Almazán: Modulation of Amyloid-b peptide aggregation and neurotoxicity in Alzheimer’s disease, April 2016 Nothing in this world that’s worth having comes easy — Bob Kelso ’After I got my PhD, my mother took great relish in introducing me as “this is my son, he’s a doctor but not the kind that helps people”’ — Randy Pausch ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Moltes gràcies al Paco, per donar-me la oportunitat d’unir-me a aquest gran grup. Per la llibertat de pensament i experimental que m’ha donat. Per aportar sempre un toc d’humor. Per animar-nos a seguir empenyent las fronteras del conocimiento, encara que de vegades no es deixin. Al Miguel, al Chema i al Rubén, per proporcionar-me l’entorn ideal per créixer com a científica i com a persona. Pel feedback als seminaris i per fer que li agafés gustillo a l’obscur món dels ions. Encara guardo els apunts de fisiologia I i II en un lloc segur per si mai vull refrescar la memòria o he d’escriure 4 pàgines sobre el potencial d’acció1. Una menció especial al Rubén per posar sostre a tots els sopars de Nadal i educar-nos el paladar amb la seva selecció de vins i còctels. A la Fanny, la Selma, la Mercè, l’Alejandro i Pablo. Pels coneixe- ments de biologia molecular, els balls de Bollywood, partits de volei, per suggerir altres punts de vista als seminaris i per totes les kcal en forma de brownie. En definitiva, per les hores compartides i les experiències viscudes, tant a dins com a fora del laboratori. Als Susios molones; us podria dir mil coses i em quedaria curta. A la Cris, per haver estat una pota d’aquesta tesi: Per tota l’ajuda, 1 No és broma. v la paciència, l’estar sempre disposada a escoltar-nos, per no fugir corrent cada cop que he entrat al despatx amb un melós Criiiiis... Per ser un engranatge indispensable del laboratori. Per demostrar-me tantes vegades que ets una amiga com poques. Al Gerard, pel seu mentoratge, el seu saber fer, per la introducció de la seva tesi que, usant les seves paraules, ho explica tot sobre el calci. Per una gran amistat, tot i les nostres bronques ocasionals. M’alegro molt d’haver- vos trobat. Per totes les converses fins a altes hores de la matinada, cada birra al marítim, cada nit a cal brut, cada última i marxem. Per totes les histories que hem fet viure a tots els bars, platges, terrats i carrers de Barcelona. A l’Eva, la meva primera mentora. Perquè ha hagut de patir-me com una germana gran. Per tot el que m’ha ensenyat i tot el que hem rigut juntes. Perquè sempre ens quedarà muntar una empresa de fabricació de solucions isotòniques anomenada Webbius. I ho petarem. A la Marta, perquè he après molt al teu costat. Per introduïr-me al món de la nostra estimada TPI i per tenir tanta paciència. Perquè sempre tens un somriure, una paraula amable i uns minuts per escoltar a tothom, i això s’agraeix molt. A la Mònica, per ser la meva millor reviewer. Per totes les discussions conceptuals i sobre protocols durant les hores de berenar. Per deixar el despatx amb olor de taronja i els teus tes de 15 L. Per ser la floreta del laboratori, perquè l’optimisme i el bon rollo que desprens són molt contagiosos. I si alguna cosa hauríem de fer tots és ser una mica floreta. A totes dues, per venir-me a veure a Berlin i pel viatge a Florència. Perquè algun dia hem d’anar a fer una coppetta di crema di Grom i sopar a l’Acqua al 2, encara que quedi una miqueta lluny. A la Vicky, altrament anomenada Maria Victòria, per tantes hores compartides de disseccions, cultius i xocolata. Per haver fet més fàcil aquest tram final. Per haver-me ajudat a resoldre cada mini-dubte metodològic, conceptual o de disseny que m’ha sorgit. Perquè ets vi una gran inventora d’esports, procediments de laboratori i tècniques de relacions interpersonals. Per haver estat la meva germana petita a fisio. A l’Ernest. Per rebre’m tan bé a fisio i acollir-me a al seu pis de Madrid. Per les chancletas de lacón amb vi blanc. Perquè m’has ensenyat a optimitzar protocols, a ser conscienciosa i exhaustiva amb els experiments i a no rendir-me fàcilment. A l’Abel, el mindu, per les nostres enriquidores discussions científi- ques. Pel seu esperit crític i per la seva manera de veure la vida. A la Carole, pel seu esperit revolucionari. Per les hores que hem compartit al calci, on quan els experiments funcionen t’emociones tant com si fóssin teus. Perquè ens vas obrir literalment la porta del laboratori de Fisiologia l’estiu del 2009, amb el Fèlix a la panxa. Al Roberto, per ensenyar-nos un idioma nou. Perquè encara que de vegades et queixis una mica, sé que és perquè t’importa el que fas i hi poses l’ànima. Perquè aportes un toc distintiu d’humor al laboratori. Acho pijo, perquè treballar al teu costat pot ser de tot excepte avorrit: molts cops m’he preguntat on era la càmera oculta o si m’havia colat accidentalment al plató d’una telenovela mexicana o la casa de Gandía Shore. Al Carlos, per caminar tants anys al meu costat. Per entendre’m, que no és poc. Per saber riure de tu mateix i riure amb mi quan ets el blanc de la broma fàcil2. Per les teves idees i la teva gran habilitat de dissecció de problemes. Perquè admiro la teva capacitat de pensar i de formular hipòtesis. Per seguir aquí després de tot. To cleisi-Kerstin, my parejita. I still remember the day Rubén asked me if I knew of an available room for his german student, I wouldn’t have imagined then everything we would go through. I’m really glad 2 He estat a punt d’imprimir aquest paràgraf de color verd. vii we could drive 3 together along this bumpy road. To my favourite roomie and travelmate, for all the tea-times, the meals, the rides, the combinations, the advice, the long hours in the lab, the taxipis, the nitrogen, the language classes, the Scrubs episodes and all the chocolate that we shared. Because we went through everything to- gether, and we made it! For all the laughter tears you made me cry. For all the trucks that ran over us during the nights. For your first, extraofficial night in Badia Paradise. For all the vermouths, to which I’m sorry I got you addicted 4. For all your unconditional support. Dios las cría y ellas se juntan, you will be missed! A tots els que han compartit el laboratori de Fisio o el despatx amb mi: A la Marisabel, l’Anna, la Gemma, l’Amado, l’Anabel, la Sani i el Gerard Ill. Ha estat un honor treballar amb vosaltres. Per totes les nits, cerveses, riures, consells i històries inversemblants. Per omplir aquests anys d’anècdotes. A la Lali, la Consuelo i la Melisa, per importar alegria des de l’altra banda de l’Atlàntic. Por los chocolates con churros y el Oktoberfest. A l’Alberto i el Bertran, per omplir el laboratori de vitalitat. Per fer-nos pixar de riure amb les vostres històries i per la vostra actuació estelar: Bohemian Rhapsody. A tots els estudiants, especialment a la Marta, la Carol, en Xevi, l’Alba, la Cinta, la Judith i la Neus. A l’Aina i la Marina, que són quasi de fisio. Per tots els riures i totes les beer sessions. Per fer el dia a dia més amè. Als fàrmacos, per ser el meu segon laboratori d’esperit. A la Cuti, el Thomas, la Carmen. A Sami, por los buenos momentos que hemos vivido, por las clases magistrales de química y neurofarmacología. Por romperte la cabeza conmigo cuando los experimentos no salían. 3 us each other crazy(er) 4 No, I’m not :) viii A les meves lavinietes preferides. Per les nostres trobades ocasionals, pels cafès i els sopars, per aportar-me un altre punt de vista i perquè m’alegro molt de conservar-vos després de tants anys. A la Carme, que m’ha ensenyat a lluitar pel que un vol, a deixar-s’hi la pell i a no optar pel camí més fàcil – i ha predicat amb l’exemple. A la Berta, perquè m’encanta presumir de conservar una amistat de 26 anys. Per la seva dolçor, perquè sempre està disposada a escoltar i ajudar a desenterbolir els problemes. Per totes les hores de pati, d’estudi, tots els trajectes d’autobús, els projectes, els aniversaris, els viatges i les excursions. Perquè espero que mai consideris la Biologia com un error; a mi em va permetre retrobar-te. A la gent de Bio. Al Jordi, la Paula i la Lari, perquè no podeu marxar enlloc on no us vingui a visitar. Perquè encara que ara siguem lluny us porto sempre ben a prop. Per tots els sopars, nits de festa, dies d’estudi, viatges, trobades i tots els riures, que no han estat pocs. Als fundadors de Badia paradise. Al Víctor, per totes les hores de fotografia, de confidències i de parranda que hem compartit al llarg de tots aquests anys.
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