Screen Credits Guidelines Long Form & Episodic Credits Guidelines March 2019

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Contents Starting Screen Credits ...... 3 Opening Titles ...... 3 Title Card ...... 3 Series Regulars ...... 3 Producers ...... 3 Guest Stars ...... 3 Casting Director ...... 4 Casting Associate ...... 5 Director or Photography, Production Designer and Editor...... 5 Director of Photography ...... 6 Production Designer/Art Director ...... 6 Edited by ...... 6 Editor Shared Screen Credit Waiver ...... 6 Created by/Developed by ...... 6 Written by ...... 7 Directed by ...... 7 Requesting A Waiver from the DGA for Combined Credit ...... 7 Requesting A Waiver from the DGA for Resized “Directed by” Credit ...... 7 End Titles ...... 8 Source Material ...... 8 Co-Producer ...... 8 Associate Producer ...... 8 Co-Starring ...... 8 Staff Writers and Other WGA Screen Credits ...... 9 Unit Production Manager (UPM), First and Second Assistant Directors ...... 10 DGA Credits/Residual Determination (CRD) ...... 10 Hair and Make-Up ...... 10 Re-Recording Mixer ...... 11 IATSE and Teamster Logos ...... 11 Copyright ...... 11 Role Spelling/Punctuation ...... 11 Credits Approval ...... 11

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Starting Screen Credits The final credits of every episode must appear on screen as they appear on paper, which is to say they must be in the same placement, spelling, timings of credits, etc. Any deviation would expose the company to grievances from the guilds or talent and costs attributed to correcting the errors after an episode of the series has been delivered.

There are the four types of locations where screen credits can appear:

• Main Titles Sequence - The main title is the music (or theme song) that is heard at the beginning of a show that plays while the opening credits are rolling over a fixed set of sequences. The credits can either be just the show’s title, or include the “Created by” or “Developed by,” the series regulars and in some instances, the writer and director of an episode (this was common during the 1960s and 1970s). The main titles don’t change during the run of a show. • Opening Titles Sequence – Credits placed over action at the top of the show. • Cold Open - A cold open (also called a teaser, or just a cold) is a narrative tactic. It is the technique of jumping directly into a story at the beginning of the show before the title sequence or opening credits are shown. • End Titles Sequence – Credits placed after the conclusion of a show. Opening Titles Title Card A card with the show’s name must be placed where the show title will appear on the credits template. This will assist in being sure it’s in a good placement in relation to the other screen credits and that union requirements are met.

Series Regulars Series regulars should be credited in the order that their personal services agreements dictate. For example: An artist may be promised first position among series regulars, where another may be guaranteed second positon, etc. There may also be other series regulars who should be placed on a shared card with other series regulars.

If positions aren’t guaranteed, placement is at producer’s discretion.

Producers Although credit placements are per the guilds, be sure to check an artist’s personal services agreement to determine where they should be placed within the credits. For example: A producer should be credited as “Co-Executive Producer” during the first cycle of a show, and placed in first position among all Co-Executive Producers.

Guest Stars Guests stars have the option of being placed in either the opening or end titles. When crediting guest stars, be sure they are placed together and not separated by other credits that aren’t guest stars.

The first card of the guest stars in the opening titles must include “Guest Starring” at the top of the card. If there are remaining guest stars after the first card, whether they are single or shared cards, it isn’t necessary to have “Guest Starring” listed on those cards.

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Guest Starring ACTOR’S NAME (character name) ACTOR’S NAME (character name) ACTOR’S NAME ACTOR’S NAME (character name; character name) with ACTOR’S NAME (character name) and ACTOR’S NAME (character name)

“with” and “and” – When an actor’s credit has been guaranteed to include the word “with” or “and” as a guest star, it isn’t necessary to include the words “Guest Starring” in the credit (i.e. “with Guest Star” or “and Guest Starring”). The words “with” and “and” should be in lower case.

Please Note: there are no timing restrictions for cast credits in the opening titles, but they should be easily readable on screen.

If guest stars are placed in the end titles, the same rule applies, but their character names should be included on screen. Also, be sure to place no more than six names on a card and include the timing on screen based on the number of actors listed.

Guest Starring ACTOR’S NAME as Character Name ACTOR’S NAME as Character Name ACTOR’S NAME as Character Name ACTOR’S NAME as Character Name ACTOR’S NAME as Character Name

Co-Starring – These credits are always placed in the end titles.

Casting Director The credit for the casting director is contractual, whether it be on a single card, with a casting associate, or on a shared card with other casting directors (i.e. Local Casting by…).

The only permitted uses for the word “Director” in screen credits are “Director of Photography” and “Art Director” per the Directors Guild of America. The Casting Director must be credited as “Casting by.”

It can be on either a separate or shared card in the opening or end titles, whatever works best for the producer (unless screen credit is specified in their personal services agreement). The DGA won't approve any credits with the word "Director" attached to any credit (with the exception of Director of Photography and Art Director).

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Casting by CASTING DIRECTOR’S NAME

Local Casting by CASTING DIRECTOR’S NAME

Casting Associate A casting associate can be on the same card, but if the credits precede the DGA credits, the casting associate cannot have their title on the card, as it would signify a technical credit. To make a visual distinction on screen, the Casting Associate can be on screen at 75% the size of the Casting Director. If the Casting Director does not want to share on screen credit with the Casting Associate, that credit can be moved to a card in the end titles.

Casting by CASTING DIRECTOR’S NAME CASTING ASSOCIATE’S NAME (75%)

Special Note: When a Casting Director is engaged for a pilot and provides casting services for the series regulars, be sure to check their personal services agreement for a continuing credit if they do not continue with the series. In some cases, a Casting Director will receive “Original casting by….” through the remainder of the series.

Original Casting by CASTING DIRECTOR’S NAME

Director or Photography, Production Designer and Editor These three credits are required to be on screen and must always be contiguous of each other. They can either be on a shared card or separate cards (either way is fine and is at Producer’s Discretion). The Director of Photography’s credit must be closest to the ‘Directed by” credit, so the order of the three credits must be in this order:

Edited by NAME

Production Designer/Art Director NAME

Director or Photography NAME

If on separate cards:

Edited by NAME

Production Designer/Art Director NAME

Director or Photography NAME

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If these three credits are placed in the end titles, the order of credits will be in the opposite direction so that the Director of Photography’s credit is closest to the “Directed by” credit. Their placement in the end titles can either be immediately before or after the “Unit Production Manager, “Production Designer” and “Edited by” credits. There are no timing restrictions on these credits, but they must be readable on screen.

Director of Photography There can only be one “Director of Photography” (DP) on any given episode. However, there are instances where two DPs provide services, but credit isn’t automatically given to each individual.

To determine this, a Credit Determination must be sent to the Local 600 International Cinematographers Guild That includes the days each individual worked and how much footage each person shot. The Western Region Director of the Guild has sole discretion on who will receive credit. Contact the screen credits department if there are multiple DPs.

Production Designer/Art Director Credit for either is okay role, but not both. If there is a Production Designer and Art Director on the same production, the Production Designer must be placed between the Production Designer and Editor, and the Art Director must be placed in the end titles on a shared card. “Production Designer” is a heightened credit from “Art Director.”

Edited by Credit for the editor should always be “Edited by.”

Editor Shared Screen Credit Waiver Only one picture editor should be given screen credit. However, there are situations where more than one editor will cut an episode of a series. In this situation, a waiver for shared screen credit must be requested if the editors involved agree to share and if the request is approved by the Guild. The form will include how the credit will appear on screen and signatures of all involved editors. In order to facilitate and expedite these requests, please forward a request to the Screen Credits department to begin the process.

If an Assistant Editor is required to cut an episode, the following documentation must be sent to the Editor’s Guild for approval: 1. The deal memo reflecting the change of employment status from assistant editor to editor, 2. Copies of time cards, and 3. Pay stubs for all time spent cutting.

The employer and/or an authority on behalf of the signatory producer must submit the Screen Credit Waiver Request. A member cannot submit such request on his/her own behalf. Contact the screen credits department if there are multiple editors to begin the process.

Created by/Developed by Per the WGA, this credit must be on screen for 2 seconds or the length of the producers’ or director’s credit, whichever is shown longer. No other title but “Created by” can be used. In the instance of “Developed by,” the same rule applies.

Placement of the credit can be either immediately before the “Written by” credit or immediately after the last series regular in the opening titles. No other placement of the “Created by” credit is permitted without a Guild waiver. The WGA will usually grant a waiver for the credit to be in a more prominent position, such as contiguous to the series title, but will not grant a waiver to make it less prominent, such as combining with the writing credit on one card.

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Written by The screen credit of a writer(s) of an episode must be in parity with the “Directed by.” It must also be contiguous to the director’s credit, with no other credit coming in between the two credits.

“Written by” consists of two parts: “Teleplay” and “Story.”

Written by WRITER’S NAME

Teleplay by WRITER’S NAME

Story by WRITER’S NAME (2.0 seconds)

If the tentative writing credit is submitted to the WGA with “Teleplay by” and “Story by” and not “Written by” due to writers who are collaborating are providing different services on the same episode, at Producer’s Discretion (APD) the credits can be placed on separate cards at 2.0 seconds each. The order of the credits must be the same and contiguous to the “Directed by” credit. Please note doing this will add an additional 2.0 seconds to the opening titles credits.

Teleplay by WRITER’S NAME (2.0 seconds) Story by WRITER’S NAME (2.0 seconds) Directed by DIRECTOR’S NAME (2.0 seconds)

Directed by The director must be given "Directed by" credit immediately next to the body of the show at 2.0 seconds, either as the final credit in the opening titles (first scene) on a single card or the first credit in the end titles (final scene) on a single card. No other credit can be used for the director. The size must be at least 40% the size of the show’s title. Determining this is measuring the height of the letters in the director’s name and measuring it against the height of the letters in the show title.

Requesting A Waiver from the DGA for Combined Credit If the director wants a combined credit (i.e. "Written and Directed by..." or "Executive Produced and Directed by...") in either the opening (first scene) or end titles (final scene), a waiver request must be sent to the DGA. The request must include what the credit will look like on screen and the show title.

Requesting A Waiver from the DGA for Resized “Directed by” Credit The DGA will accept a waiver request for resizing of the screen credit when it’s smaller than 40%. The waiver request must include the size of what the credit will be (i.e. 26%), screen grabs of the title card and “Directed

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by” card (see example below), and state in the waiver request that no other credit on screen will be larger, which includes the “Created by” credit. Keep in mind that no other credit can be larger than the “Directed by.” Please Note: If there is a main titles sequence that includes “Created by” where the size will not change, the waiver will be non-negotiable with the DGA and not considered. The original credits approval process would have indicated if there is a main titles sequence which would have been approved by the DGA.

End Titles

Source Material If source material credit is placed in the end titles, it can be placed in first position and must be on screen for the same amount of time as the “Written by” credit., which is usually 2.0 seconds.

Based on the Book by AUTHOR (2.0 secs)

Co-Producer Credit is usually placed on the first card of the end titles if there is no source material credit.

Associate Producer If there is no Co-Producer, credit for the Associate Producer (AP) is usually placed on the first card of the end titles. Placement is at Producer’s discretion.

Co-Starring These credits are always placed in the end titles.

Timing guidelines for actors listed on screen in the end titles (back plate or squeeze credits) are as follows: • 1 name = 1.0 seconds • 2 names = 1.5 seconds • 3 names = 2.0 seconds • 4-5 names = 2.5 seconds • 6 names = 3.0 seconds • No more than 6 names on a card

Please note that these timings are only for actors credited in the end titles on the squeeze credits. If Guest Stars are also placed in the end titles, these timings apply as well.

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The first card of the co-stars in the end titles should include “Co-Starring” at the top of the card.

Co-Starring ACTOR’S NAME as Character Name ACTOR’S NAME as Character Name ACTOR’S NAME as Character Name (shared card)(2.5 sec) ACTOR’S NAME as Character Name ACTOR’S NAME as Character Name ACTOR’S NAME as Character Name (shared card)(1.5 sec)

Special note: Co-Stars get placed on shared cards in the end titles only with other Co-Stars. However, both Guest stars and Co-Stars can be placed in the end titles, as long as guest stars are listed first in the order of their credit billing via their agreements and are guest stars and co-stars are not combined.

Staff Writers and Other WGA Screen Credits Waivers are no longer required for the heightened forms of Story Editor credit: • Executive Story Editor • Creative Consultant • Script Consultant • Executive Script Consultant • Executive Story Supervisor • Executive Script Consultant

Additionally, there is no longer a “waiver and next season bump up” required to give on-screen Staff Writer credit.

If the Company decides to give “Staff Writer” credit on-screen it must go to all Staff Writers for the entire season on every episode, (unless the writer is no longer a staff writer), with a maximum of four names per card.

Staff Writers NAME NAME NAME NAME

Lastly, the email delivery of NTWCs established in the 2017 MBA does not extend to the delivery of Final Shooting Scripts.

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Unit Production Manager (UPM), First and Second Assistant Directors Their credit can be shared with the First and Second Assistant Directors on the same card for 2.0 seconds. However, no more than three (3) names can appear on this card.

Unit Production Manager NAME

First Assistant Director NAME

Second Assistant Director NAME (2.0 sec)

If placed on two separate cards, please note the timings of each card. There is an additional 0.5 seconds added to the DGA credits. Unit Production Manager NAME (1.0 sec) First Assistant Director NAME

Second Assistant Director NAME (1.5 secs)

DGA Credits/Residual Determination (CRD) When there is more than one DGA crew member (UPM, 1st AD, 2nd AD), a CRD must be submitted to the DGA so that credit can be given to the correct individual. Production Reports from the episode can be used to determine how many days each person worked.

If there are multiple UPMs or 1st and/or 2nd ADs, a CRD must be filed with the DGA to determine who will receive credit and residuals (keep in mind that credits and residuals cannot exist without the other). If the DGA determines more than one individual should receive screen credit, the UPM must be moved to a single separate card. *Once the DGA determines screen credit, be sure to credit the DGA staff as listed on the CRD, as anything that deviates from that will have to be corrected, and the DGA will file a grievance should the incorrect credits make it to the screen.

If the word “Technical” is in a person’s title of any crew member, that credit must be moved after the DGA credits. In the end titles. This includes any credit placed in the opening titles. If a person is guaranteed credit in the opening titles, they should consider changing the title to something else.

Below the Line (BTL) Credits Please note that most BTL credits are not guild required and are at Producer’s discretion.

Hair and Make-Up Department Head ‘Hair Stylist’ and ‘Make-Up’ per IATSE. This credit is at Producer’s Discretion (APD).

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Re-Recording Mixer Be sure the second "R" is capitalized. This credit is at Producer’s Discretion (APD).

IATSE and Teamster Logos The IATSE and/or Teamsters logos may or may not be required for your show. Please contact your Production Management representative to confirm this credit requirement.

Copyright This credit must be included on all episodes of a series. Be sure to check with the respective network’s “Delivery Requirements” for the language. If your show is being delivered to MTV, check with MTV’s Delivery requirements.

Role Spelling/Punctuation If there’s a name with a Mc, when crediting that person in screen, it should look like this: McCOY. Be sure that all character names, even “as Himself” or “as Herself” have the first letter capitalized. Apostrophes: 1st AC’s and 2nd AC’s should be 1st ACs and 2nd ACs.

Although this isn't incorrect, the use of the apostrophe is to show possession or a contraction of words. There are conflicting policies and theories about how to show possession when writing such nouns. There is no right answer; the best advice is to choose a formula and stay consistent, and less punctuation on screen will help reduce on screen clutter.

Credits Approval Credits on paper must match and be reflected on screen. The Directors Guild of America (DGA) has final approval on credits formatting and any deviation may reflect in a grievance, which will result in re-opening and re-titling an episode. Also, keep in mind that if a writing credit was the result of an WGA writing determination, the writing credit must look exactly like it does per the WGA (the letter will list what the credits must look like).

When getting approval from the DGA, a screen grab of the show’s title card and the “Directed by” must be included. The director’s credit must be at least 40% the size of the show’s episode or series title, whichever is larger. The WGA credits must also be in parity with the DGA credit and be on screen the exact same time.

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BEGIN MAIN TITLES SEQUENCE MT 1 TV SHOW TITLE 2 This credit must be on screen the same MT 2 amount of time as the “Written by” Created by 2 credit, which is usually 2.0 seconds. SHOW CREATOR END MAIN TITLES SEQUENCE

BEGIN OPENING TITLES SEQUENCE (Over Action) OT 1 Starring 1 Credit and placement of series regulars ACTOR’S NAME based on contractual agreements. (role: Character) OT 2 ACTOR’S NAME 1 Character names in the opening titles (role: Character) OT 3 with should be included in parenthesis for 1 future referencing (for awards season, ACTOR’S NAME casting admin, residuals, etc.). (role: Character) OT 4 and Character names are not required to 1 appear on screen in the opening titles ACTOR’S NAME Credit and placement of but can be included per agreement with guest stars based on (role: Character) OT 5 a specific actor. Guest Starring contractual agreements. 1 ACTOR’S NAME “Music by” can be placed in the opening (role: Character) OT 6 or end titles but not placed before or in Music by 1 between the Edited by, Production NAME Designer and Director of Photography Edited by OT 7 credits. Placement based on contractual One editor per episode. If there agreement. NAME, A.C.E. is more than one editor providing services, two can be Production Designer or Art Production Designer or Art Director given credit but must be done 1 Director. If there is a NAME so via a waiver and approval Production Designer, the Art from the Editors Guild. An Director’s credit is Director of Photography “Additional Editing by” can be placed in the end titles discretionary, and can be in NAME, A.S.C./C.S.C. the end titles on a shared OT 8 Produced by card. 1 NAME Per the WGA, 2 seconds OR the OT 9 Supervising Producer length of the producers’ or director’s 1 NAME credit, whichever is shown longer. Placement of Producer credits can go OT 10 in either order: EP first or last card Co-Executive Producer 1 (immediately before WGA credits). The NAME This credit can also be split into two OT 11 order must stay in the order of their Executive Producer separate cards at 2 seconds each 1 contractual agreements, so credits are NAME separating “Teleplay by” and “Story by.” The credits must still be on placed on where the EP is listed. OT 12 Created by/Developed by screen in this order per the WGA 1 SHOW CREATOR MBA. “Story by” credit is always OT 13 Written by contiguous to the “Directed by” NAME credit.

2.0 seconds per the DGA. This is the -or- These credits can be placed on the final credit before the body of the Teleplay by same card or separately. “Teleplay 2 show. No other material can come NAME by” goes before the “Story by,” as after it (this includes art cards with the “Story by” must be placed closest to show’s title). This credit should not be Story by the “Directed by” credit. If these placed against a commercial break. No NAME credits are on separate cards, they other title but “Directed by” can be must be on screen with the same used. ti i f t l k f l th

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OT 14 Directed by 2 NAME

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END TITLES Timing guidelines for actors listed on screen per SAG/AFTRA in the backplate/crawl Co-Producer ET 1 NAME • 1 name = 1.0 seconds Associate Producer ET 5 • 2 names = 1.5 seconds • 3 names = 2.0 seconds NAME • 4-5 names = 2.5 seconds Co-Starring (1.0 ET • 6 names = 3.0 seconds ACTOR’S NAME sec.) • No more than 6 names on a card in the end as Role titles, include character names Co-Starring A definition of “readily readable” which will require ACTOR’S NAME as Role that performers’ credits appear on the screen for ACTOR’S NAME as Role A Casting Associate can be included on certain minimum time periods. Credits shall be ACTOR’S NAME as Role screen with the Casting Director, but 3.0 considered to be at a “readily readable” speed if the must not include the title “Casting card on which they appear is shown for not less than ACTOR’S NAME as Role Associate.” If it does appear, the the applicable time period indicated above (or the ACTOR’S NAME as Role “Casting by” credit must be placed equivalent of in a “crawl”). ACTOR’S NAME as Role after the DGA credits in the end titles, Casting by as the credit becomes a technical ET 5 NAME, C.S.A. (100%) credit and cannot receive a more Credit must be accorded in a "prominent NAME (75%) prominent place over DGA credits. The place" on all positive prints of each feature Unit Production Manager Casting Associate should be on screen at 75% of the Casting Director to or television motion picture, photography NAME of which commences during the term distinguish the credit from the “Casting hereof except as provided below, to the Director.” ETUPM, 9 First Assistant Director and Key First Assistant Director 2.0 Second Assistant Director rendering their NAME services for the production. Please note all credits after the DGA The term "prominent place" means no less Second Assistant Director credits in the end titles are not guild than a separate card, or its equivalent in a NAME required and are at Producer’s crawl, shared by no more than three (3) Costume Designer NAME Discretion (APD). ETnames. 10 The only "technical" credits which Costume Supervisor NAME may receive a more prominent place shall Make-Up NAME “Make-Up” spelling with hyphen per be those of the Director of Photography, Hair Stylist NAME IATSE the Art Director and the Film Editor. Set Decorator NAME ET 10 Art Director NAME “Hair Stylist” spelling IATSE

If there is a Production Designer on the Script Supervisor NAME show, the Art Director (if there is one) Property Master NAME should be placed in the end titles. Credit is at Producer’s Discretion (APD) Production Coordinator NAME ET 10 Camera Operators NAME NAME “Gaffer” can also be listed as “Chief Gaffer NAME Lighting Technician.” Key Grip NAME

ET 10 Production Sound Mixer NAME, C.A.S. “Production Sound Mixer” may Stunt Coordinator NAME include title if the individual has Special Effects Supervisor NAME one.

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Supervising Sound Editor NAME, M.P.S.E “Supervising Sound Editor” may Re-Recording Mixers NAME include title. ET 10 NAME Music Editor NAME Sound Designers/Sound Effects Editors NAME Spelling of “Re-Recording Mixer” with hyphen per IATSE NAME WARNING: THIS IS COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL! The characters and incidents portrayed and the names used herein are fictitious, and any similarity to the name, character or history of any person is entirely coincidental and unintentional. ET 19 IATSE (Bug) TEAMSTERS (Logo)

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