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Todmorden Tops - Forged by the Fielden Dynasty Audio E- Trail Script !"!"##$#"%&'($)'#*%"+,(-$.*% " ///01"##$#"2"($3-4"0'(4056" " ! TODMORDEN TOPS - FORGED BY THE FIELDEN DYNASTY AUDIO E- TRAIL SCRIPT Stop 1: Todmorden and the Fielden Dynasty Welcome to the trail which takes you over Todmorden tops! We hope you enjoy the walk and discover a landscape shaped by natural forces, industry and the Fielden dynasty. The Fielden family had for generations been engaged as entrepreneurs in the textile trade, and some members of the family had been very successful. Amongst them were five brothers who, around the beginning of the 18th century were all successful clothiers. One lived in style at Todmorden Hall and one, Nicholas established himself as a master worsted manufacturer at Edge End Farm on the tops over Todmorden. It was here that the son of one of his nephews, Joshua (1748-1811) trained up to the business and was to become the founder of the Fieldens’ dynasty which shaped the whole future of Todmorden. Apart from becoming Todmorden’s largest employers, the family also contributed to the town’s development in many ways. Todmorden had a gas supply many years before most major towns and cities due to the Fieldens who brought gas to the town to light streets and houses as well as their Waterside Mill (where Morrisons now stands). Many of Todmorden’s fine architectural buildings such as the Town Hall, Market Hall and Unitarian church can be attributed to the Fieldens’ generosity. The Fieldens’ trade was nearly all with the New World. Their business made them very wealthy people. Prosperity and growth were not the only new developments of the factory system, less agreeable ‘innovations’ included bad housing and sanitation, grinding poverty, child labour, dangerous working conditions and most significantly of all, unbearable long hours. Unlike many of their class the Fieldens were painfully aware of these evils and took steps not only towards easing the lot of the working man, but also towards his political emancipation. They were typical of the kind of Victorian businessmen who blended hard work and ambition with a social conscience and tempered it with a practical religion. Stop 2: The Great Wall of Todmorden and the Canals The Great Wall of Todmorden before you was built in 1881 as a retaining wall, possibly due to the subsidence of the hillside, but also to support the enlarged station goods yard, including sidings for the Fieldens’ Waterside Mill. It proved to be a mammoth undertaking by the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway Company costing £28,200. At the time there was criticism particularly by one shareholder due to the use of brickwork in part of the country where stone was readily available. Reputedly it consists of four million bricks. However, the railway was predated by the arrival of the canals and the story of the Fieldens is closely tied up with the arrival of the canal as well as the railway. Initially they and a number of local mill owners had opposed the proposal of a group of Hebden Bridge businessmen for a canal from Sowerby Bridge to Manchester. The reason for this opposition was water. The promoters of the canal planned to divert streams feeding the river to supply the navigation, thus reducing the need to build numerous catchment reservoirs of their own. Water was all important to the Fieldens as mill masters, as it was often used again and again, falling from mills high up in the moors to newer mills in the valley bottoms. Because of this, when the Rochdale Canal Bill came before Parliament, it was initially thrown out because of petitioning by mill owners. Amendments were made and the suggestion which proposed that only excess water should be fed in to the canal proved to be successful. It was also agreed that catchment reservoirs be built on the moors to supply both mills and canals and mill owners soon capitalised on the benefits of a canal which came to outweigh the disadvantages. These catchment reservoirs now form a substantial part of the vast open moorland landscape as often large expanses of water reflect big, open Pennine skies. !"##$#"%&'($)'#*%$*%+,"%-.+"*+%/('0"1+%23%!"##$#"%&"($+.4"%56#7"7%23%+,"%&"($+.4"%8'++"(3%96#7% % !"!"##$#"%&'($)'#*%"+,(-$.*% " ///01"##$#"2"($3-4"0'(4056" " ! Stop 3: Gauxholme Skew Bridge and Travelling by Train The railway crosses the canal here over the striking skew arch and cast iron bowstring bridge set between four semi-octagonal stone turreted towers and then onto the 17 span Gauxholme Viaduct. When built in 1840 it represented a considerable feat of engineering and was one of the first two bow string bridges in the country, the other was down the same line at Whiteley arches near Hebden Bridge but that has now been replaced. The girders here are inscribed with the foundry mark of ‘R.J.Butler, Stanningley, Leeds 1840’. It had to be strengthened in the early 20th century with the under girders you can see below the track. It’s also a good example of an early skew arch bridge which were a necessary product of the railway age as railways, unlike roads, couldn’t turn at right angles when they came to a river or canal. A young man from Dewsbury who journeyed to Manchester in the mid-1840s described “crossing the canal by a fine cast-iron skew bridge of 101 feet, believed to be the finest specimen of the skew bridge in the world”. He also described what travelling Third Class was like at that time. “The carriage was simply a square wood box or wagon without seats or roof, exposed to all sorts of weather and the passengers all wedged in like cattle in a truck. To my surprise and sorrow on emerging out of Summit Tunnel I found my new hat entirely frizzled up by the small hot cinders emitted from the funnel of the engine.” Thomas Fielden, a director of the railway in the 1840s, was described as “a thorn in the chairman’s flesh” for complaining about the conditions for Third Class passengers, much to the derision of his fellow directors. But the railways opened up the country and the seaside to ordinary working folk for the very first time. Stop 4: The Railway, the Fielden Dynasty and Dobroyd Crossing To help with understanding the relationship of the Fieldens, their family tree can be seen on the back page of the booklet. Thomas wasn’t the first Fielden, or by any means the last, to be involved with the Manchester and Leeds Railway Company, which became the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway in 1847. His elder brother ‘Honest’ John was a founder Director of the Company in 1825 and successfully argued for a route through Todmorden where it would pass within a few yards of the family’s main mill at Waterside, now the site of Morrisons. The line eventually opened over its full length between the two cities in March 1841 and was the first trans- Pennine railway. In Todmorden there was a private siding into Fieldens’ railway warehouse across the canal from their Waterside Mill connected by an overhead gantry the remains of which and its supporting pier across the canal you passed on your way to Lock 20. Successive Fieldens were directors of the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway Company and all had considerable shareholdings in it. Just as ‘Honest John’ had been there at its very conception so his grandson Edward was its Chairman in its last years as an independent company after the First World War. Reputedly during slumps in the cotton trade income from their railway shares supported their lifestyle. When John Fielden junior, Honest John’s second son, built his mighty gothic Dobroyd Castle, which we’ll see shortly, he had a carriage drive down to Waterside with a private crossing and gate keeper’s cottage with a small ground box controlling the gates. The crossing was staffed until 1964 long after the Fieldens had left the castle and then in 2014 the crossing, by then pedestrian only, was replaced by the footbridge you are about to walk over. Stop 5: An Industrialised Valley created by a Mighty Ice Age Flood Here you get a great view of the valley, transport and Gauxholme Viaduct. You can see how the river, turnpike road, canal and railway are squeezed into the narrow gorge. Also below, alongside the main road, are the cottages at Laneside where Joshua Fielden set up his cotton business. !"##$#"%&'($)'#*%$*%+,"%-.+"*+%/('0"1+%23%!"##$#"%&"($+.4"%56#7"7%23%+,"%&"($+.4"%8'++"(3%96#7% % !"!"##$#"%&'($)'#*%"+,(-$.*% " ///01"##$#"2"($3-4"0'(4056" " ! Landscape is a product of the interaction between physical and human forces. The underlying geology, climate and weathering shape the land, produce its soils and clothe it in vegetation. Man determines its final form with his construction of towns, villages, fields, factories, quarries, mines and transport routes. This is all before you now. Here lie the very roots of industrial society and origins of the factory system of production. Sour soils and harsh weather made crop growing precarious. People turned to other ways of securing a living. Cloth-making began as early as the 12th century and developed until here the great majority were employed in manufacturing. Manufacturing, initially was a home industry; later, water-powered and then steam-powered mills were built. Sources of power existed close at hand, raw materials were available and the long years of domestic cloth making produced a skilled population, adequate local capital and a well-developed marketing and sales network Hillside villages contain many former weavers’ cottages and evidence of the domestic textile period, whilst the ruins of water mills are to be found in the narrow tributary valleys.
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