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Rediscovery of Glenurus Incalis Banks (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae), and Notes on the Brazilian Species of Glenurus Hagen

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Rediscovery of Glenurus Incalis Banks (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae), and Notes on the Brazilian Species of Glenurus Hagen Zootaxa 4858 (1): 135–143 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2020 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4858.1.10 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FFDB3C6B-474F-4581-95B5-07C7AEBE2248 Rediscovery of Glenurus incalis Banks (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae), and notes on the Brazilian species of Glenurus Hagen RENATO JOSE PIRES MACHADO Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Departamento de Zoologia, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. �[email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3155-3639 Abstract The antlion species, Glenurus incalis Banks is the most enigmatic species of this New World genus. It was described almost 100 years ago based on a single female collected in the Peruvian Amazon, which until today remained as the only known specimen. Herein I report four new specimens of Glenurus incalis, which were used to thoroughly redescribe the species and to expand its distribution to Brazil. Notes on the other Brazilian species of Glenurus is also presented, including the first record of G. heteropteryx Gerstaecker to the country. Key words: antlion, new records, distribution map, lacewings Introduction The genus Glenurus Hagen, 1866 is represented by some of the most charismatic antlions in the New World. The adults are relatively large insects (reaching over 90 mm of wingspan) with decorated wings presenting large brown, white and pinkish marks. Different of most antlions the Glenurus larvae do not live burrowed in sand, they are known to habit dry tree holes, under rocks, and even tortoise burrows (Stange 2000; 2004). According to the most recent Myrmeleontidae classification (Machado et al. 2019), Glenurus is the type genus of the New World antlion tribe Glenurini (Myrmeleontidae: Nemoleontinae), and is represented by nine species ranging from USA to Argentina (Stange 2004). However, some previous classifications (Banks 1910; Markl 1954) placed some unrelated Asian species within Glenurus, including some species that are today classified in Dendro- leontinae. Furthermore, there are three Asian species, G. atomatus Yang, 1986 and G. fuscilomus Yang, 1986 from China, and G. posticus Navás, 1913 from Vietnam, that are still equivocally classified in Glenurus (Stange 2004; Oswald 2019; Machado et al. 2019), but they are not considered here, since this classification is clearly inaccurate and these three species should be transferred to a different genus. More recently the Glenurus, as interpreted here, was recovered as monophyletic by Badano et al. (2018), who used three species and morphological data. This result was later reinforced by a different study comprising two species and genomic data, which also recovered the genus monophyletic (Machado et al. 2019). Interest in Glenurus has been increasing in recent years, with a series of papers published on the biology and the distribution records of different species (Stange 2000; Miller & Stange 2006; Ardila-Camacho et al. 2014; Giacom- ino 2015; Petko et al. 2016). Though, none of these papers mentioned, Glenurus incalis Banks (Fig. 1), which was firstly introduced almost 100 years ago. The species was succinctly described (7 lines text) based on a sole female collected in Peru (Banks 1922), and until now the holotype remained as the only known specimen of G. incalis. The study of antlions from different Brazilians institutions revealed some new specimens of Glenurus, includ- ing four individuals of G. incalis. In this sense, based on the complete absence of information on this species during the past 100 years, this study aims to thoroughly redescribe G. incalis and also report new distributional records of Glenurus in Brazil, which was previously represented only by G. peculiaris (Walker). Accepted by A. Letardi: 25 Aug. 2020; published: 29 Sept. 2020 135 FIGURE 1. Glenurus incalis, dorsal view. Material and methods A total of 19 specimens of Glenurus were studied herein. The specimens were obtained from different institutions (see list below) either by visit, loans or high-resolution images. Species were identified by the key provided by Banks (1922) and comparison with images of the type specimens. The images were taken with a stereomicroscope (Leica M205 C) equipped with a digital camera (Leica MC190 HD), using focus stacking software (Leica Appli- cation Suite, version 4.2). Genitalia drawings were vectorized with Adobe Illustrator CS3. Distribution map was prepared in ArcGIS and later edited in Adobe Illustrator CS3. Morphological terminology follows Stange (1994). List of the insect collections cited DZUP—Coleção Entomológica Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure, Curitiba, PR, Brazil Embrapa-DF—Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina, DF, Brazil Esalq—Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil INPA—Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brazil MCZ—Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, MA, USA MNRJ—Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil MZSP—Museu de Zoologia de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil UFBA—Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil UFLA—Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil Results Among the examined material three species were recognized, G. peculiaris, G. incalis, and G. heteropteryx Ger- staecker, with the last two being recorded from Brazil for the first time. Coincidentally all studied specimens were females, except for two individuals that the tip of the abdomen was lost and the sex was impossible to determine. Details for each of these three species, including an identification key, and the redescription of G. incalis are pre- sented below. 136 · Zootaxa 4858 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press MACHADO Glenurus peculiaris (Walker, 1860) Glenurus peculiaris was the only species of the genus previously known from Brazil. It can be distinguished from the other two species recorded herein to the country by the combination of the presence of a large apical brown mark in the forewing, and the two white spots on the posterior margin of the apical area in the hind wing (Fig. 2c). The species has a large distribution in South America, with records from Argentina, Guyana, Paraguay and Suriname, but in Brazil it was only known from two records from São Paulo state (Stange 2004; 2010; Machado & Martins 2020). These two Brazilian records correspond to the two specimens of the type series of G. brasiliensis Navás, 1920, a junior synonym of G. peculiaris. The holotype of G. peculiaris, despite being collected in Brazil, had no extra location data on the label. Navás (1920) in the description of G. brasiliensis, mentioned that the female speci- men was from Jaragua, which was interpreted by Oswald (2019) as the municipality of Jaraguá do Sul in Santa Catarina state. However, Navás (1923) mentioned that this record was erroneous and that the specimen was actually from nearby the municipality of São Sebastião in São Paulo. Herein, I present the first records of G. peculiaris from four different Brazilian states, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Paraná, and Santa Catarina besides some new records from São Paulo state (Fig. 5), all areas dominated by the Atlantic rainforest biome. Examined specimens. Brazil: Bahia: Caeté Açu, Vale do Capão, Lothlorien, 4.xii.2016, manual, Pium, Burg- er, R. (1♀—UFBA); Minas Gerais: Lavras (1? UFLA); Paraná: Foz do Iguaçu, 13.i.1967, Bourlegat (1♀ Esalq); Morretes, Bairro América de Cima, 30.xii.2018, BR. Araujo (1♀ DZUP); Rolandia (4♀ MZSP); Santa Catarina: Joinvile (1? MNRJ—certainly destroyed in the fire of 2.ix.2018); Nova Teutonia, 27º11’S–52º23’W, 300–500m, xii.1976, Fritz Plaumann (1♀ INPA); São Paulo: Caraguatatuba, ii.1963, Ubirajara col. (1♀ MZSP); Registro, 30.xii.1968, R.G. da Silva col. (1♀ MZSP); Ubatuba, Praia Fortaleza 6.iii.1973, Froelich col. (1♀ MZSP). Glenurus heteropteryx Gerstaecker, 1885 Glenurus heteropteryx can be easily distinguished from any other species on the genus because of its mostly trans- parent forewing (Fig. 2a), all other eight species present a large apical brown band in the forewing. The species was initially described from Panama and was later mentioned by Stange (2002) as possibly also occurring in Costa Rica. Posteriorly it was recorded from some of the Caribbean islands (Trinidad and Guadeloupe) and also from South America (Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela) (Stange 2004; Ardila-Camacho et al. 2014; Giacomino 2015). Herein I report the first record of G. heteropteryx from Brazil, one specimen collected in the northern state of Roraima (Fig. 5). Examined specimens. Brazil: Roraima: Ilha de Maracá, 20–30.iii.1987, Luis S. Aquino (1♀ INPA). Glenurus incalis Banks, 1922 As mentioned previously, G. incalis is known only by the female holotype from Chanchamayo Peru, but herein I re- port four new specimens, another one from Peru and other three from the Amazon region in Brazil (Fig. 5). The spe- cies is thoroughly redescribed below based on these four specimens and high-resolution images of the holotype. Lengths: forewing: 41.5–44.5 mm; hind wing: 43–47 mm. Head (Fig. 3): Labrum and clypeus mostly dark brown, but lateral margins light brown; set with pale setae. Frons below antennae light brown with medial region dark brown, space between and above the antennae dark brown; set with few short pale setae. Gena light brown. Vertex raised; mostly brown with a medial longitudinal and medial transversal lines dark brown; set with short black setae. Ocular rim setae absent. Antennae clavate; more than three times longer than pronotum length; distance between antennae about the same size of scape width; scape and pedicel brown to dark brown; 49–51 flagellomeres about as long as wide, except by the basal one, about twice longer than wide, and the apical ones, much wider than long; flagellum brown but darkening towards the apex; all segments set with short black setae. Mandible light brown with internal margin and apex black. Maxillary palpi light brown except by the last two distal segments, dark brown. Labial palpi light brown except by the distal segment, dark brown; distal palpomere fusiform, palpimacula oval-shaped, located medially.
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