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Morisa Māterlinka Recepcija Latvijā: Literatūrkritika Un Tulkojumi (Līdz 1940. Gadam) the Reception of Maurice Maeterlinck I

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Morisa Māterlinka Recepcija Latvijā: Literatūrkritika Un Tulkojumi (Līdz 1940. Gadam) the Reception of Maurice Maeterlinck I DAUGAVPILS UNIVERSITĀTE KOMPARATĪVISTIKAS INSTITŪTS DAUGAVPILS UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF COMPARATIVE STUDIES UNIVERSITÉ DE DAUGAVPILS INSTITUT D’ÉTUDES COMPARÉES SIMONA SOFIJA VALKE MORISA MĀTERLINKA RECEPCIJA LATVIJĀ: LITERATŪRKRITIKA UN TULKOJUMI (LĪDZ 1940. GADAM) THE RECEPTION OF MAURICE MAETERLINCK IN LATVIA: LITERARY CRITICISM AND TRANSLATIONS (UNTIL 1940) RÉCEPTION DE MAURICE MAETERLINCK EN LETTONIE : CRITIQUE LITTÉRAIRE ET TRADUCTIONS (JUSQU’EN 1940) PROMOCIJAS DARBA KOPSAVILKUMS FILOLIĢIJAS DOKTORA (DR.PHILOL.) ZINĀTNISKĀ GRĀDA IEGŪŠANAI SUMMARY OF THE THESIS FOR OBTAINING THE DOCTORAL DEGREE IN PHILOLOGY (DR.PHILOL.) RÉSUMÉ DE LA THÈSE POUR L'OBTENTION DU GRADE ACADÉMIQUE DE DOCTEUR EN PHILOLOGIE (DR.PHILOL.) DAUGAVPILS 2014 1 PROMOCIJAS DARBS IZSTRĀDĀTS LAIKA PERIODĀ NO 2009. LĪDZ 2014. GADAM. DOKTORA STUDIJU PROGRAMMA: LITERATŪRZINĀTNE. APAKŠNOZARE: SALĪDZINĀMĀ LITERATŪRZINĀTNE. PROMOCIJAS DARBA ZINĀTNISKAIS VADĪTĀJS: DR. HABIL. PHILOL., DAUGAVPILS UNIVERSITĀTES PROFESORS FJODORS FJODOROVS. OFICIĀLIE RECENZENTI: DR. HABIL. PHILOL., AKADĒMIĶIS BENEDIKTS KALNAČS; DR. PHILOL., LATVIJAS UNIVERSITĀTES PROFESORS OJĀRS LĀMS; DR. PHILOL., DAUGAVPILS UNIVERSITĀTES ASOCIĒTĀ PROFESORE ELĪNA VASIĻJEVA. PROMOCIJAS DARBA AIZSTĀVĒŠANA NOTIKS DAUGAVPILS UNIVERSITĀTES LITERATŪRZINĀTNES NOZARES PROMOCIJAS PADOMES ATKLĀTAJĀ SĒDĒ 2014. GADA 11. SEPTEMBRĪ, DAUGAVPILĪ, VIENĪBAS IELĀ 13, 311. AUDITORIJĀ PLKST. 13. AR PROMOCIJAS DARBU UN TĀ KOPSAVILKUMU VAR IEPAZĪTIES DAUGAVPILS UNIVERSITĀTES BIBLIOTĒKĀ, VIENĪBAS IELĀ 13, DAUGAVPILĪ UN HTTP://DU.LV/LV/ZINATNE/PROMOCIJA/DARBI. ATSAUKSMES SŪTĪT PROMOCIJAS PADOMES SEKRETĀRAM DAUGAVPILĪ, VIENĪBAS IELĀ 13, LV-5400, TĀLRUNIS 65424238, E-PASTS: [email protected]. PADOMES SEKRETĀRE: DR. PHILOL. INGRĪDA KUPŠĀNE. 2 THE DOCTORAL THESIS HAS BEEN WRITTEN FROM 2009 UNTIL 2014. DOCTORAL PROGRAMME: LITERARY STUDIES. THE SUB-BRANCH OF COMPARATIVE LITERARY STUDIES. DOCTORAL THESIS ADVISOR: DR. HABIL. PHILOL., PROFESSOR FJODORS FJODOROVS (DAUGAVPILS UNIVERSITY, LATVIA). OFFICIAL REVIEWERS: DR. HABIL. PHILOL., ACADEMICIAN BENEDIKTS KALNAČS; DR. PHILOL., PROFESSOR OJĀRS LĀMS (UNIVERSITY OF LATVIA); DR. PHILOL., ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR ELĪNA VASIĻJEVA (DAUGAVPILS UNIVERSITY, LATVIA). THE VIVA VOCE PRESENTATION OF THE DOCTORAL THESIS WILL TAKE PLACE AT THE OPEN MEETING OF THE DOCTORATE RESEARCH COUNCIL FOR LITERARY STUDIES OF DAUGAVPILS UNIVERSITY ON SEPTEMBER 11, 2014, AT 13.00, ROOM 311 13 VIENĪBAS STREET, DAUGAVPILS. THE DOCTORAL THESIS AND ITS SUMMARY ARE PUBLICLY AVAILABLE AT THE LIBRARY OF DAUGAVPILS UNIVERSITY, AT 13 VIENĪBAS STREET, DAUGAVPILS AND HTTP://DU.LV/LV/ZINATNE/PROMOCIJA/DARBI. PLEASE SEND YOUR COMMENTS TO THE SECRETARY OF THE DOCTORATE COUNCIL AT 13 VIENĪBAS STREET, DAUGAVPILS, LV-5400, TEL. 65424238, E-MAIL: [email protected]. SECRETARY OF THE COUNCIL: DR. PHILOL. INGRĪDA KUPŠĀNE. 3 LA THÈSE DE DOCTORAT A ÉTÉ ÉCRITE DE 2009 À 2014. PROGRAMME DOCTORAL : ÉTUDES LITTÉRAIRES. SOUS-DISCIPLINE : LITTÉRATURE COMPARÉE. DIRECTEUR DE THÈSE : DR. HABIL. PHILOL., PROFESSEUR FJODORS FJODOROVS (UNIVERSITÉ DE DAUGAVPILS, LETTONIE). RAPPORTEURS OFFICIELS: DR. HABIL. PHILOL., ACADÉMICIEN BENEDIKTS KALNAČS ; DR. PHILOL., PROFESSEUR OJĀRS LĀMS (UNIVERSITÉ DE LETTONIE); DR. PHILOL., PROFESSEUR AGRÉGÉ ELĪNA VASIĻJEVA (UNIVERSITÉ DE DAUGAVPILS, LETTONIE). LA SOUTENANCE DE LA THÈSE DE DOCTORAT AURA LIEU À LA RÉUNION PUBLIQUE DU CONSEIL DOCTORAL D’ÉTUDES LITTÉRAIRES DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE DAUGAVPILS LE 11 SEPTEMBRE 2014 À 13 HEURES DANS LA SALLE 311, 13 RUE VIENIBAS À DAUGAVPILS. LA THÈSE DE DOCTORAT ET SON RÉSUMÉ SONT DISPONIBLES AU PUBLIC À LA BIBLIOTHÈQUE DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE DAUGAVPILS, 13 RUE VIENĪBAS À DAUGAVPILS ET HTTP :/ / DU.LV / BT / ZINATNE / PROMOCIJA / DARBI. PRIÈRE D'ENVOYER VOS COMMENTAIRES AU SECRÉTAIRE DU CONSEIL DOCTORAL AU 13 RUE VIENIBAS, DAUGAVPILS, LV-5400, TÉL. 65424238, MÉL : [email protected]. SECRÉTAIRE DU CONSEIL : DR. PHILOL. INGRĪDA KUPŠĀNE. 4 PROMOCIJAS DARBA VISPĀRĪGS RAKSTUROJUMS Promocijas darbs veltīts beļģu literāta Morisa Māterlinka (Maurice Maeterlinck) daiļdarbu recepcijas Latvijā1 izpētei. Pētījuma lauks skar M. Māterlinka daiļradi un divas recepcijas jomas ‒ literatūrkritiku un tulkojumus laika posmā no 1895. gada līdz 1940. gadam. M. Māterlinks ir viens no nedaudzajiem beļģu rakstniekiem, kas XIX gadsimta beigās iemanto starptautisku slavu. Franciski rakstošais flāms ar savu oriģinālo simbolismu sniedz būtisku ieguldījumu beļģu literārās identitātes veidošanā, situācijā, kad franciski rakstošo literātu centrs un paraugs ir Parīze un perifērai literatūrai jāmēro garš ceļš uz atzinību. Francijā XIX gadsimta beigās, simbolisma literatūras uzplaukuma periodā, teātra niša nav aizpildīta un vērā ņemami daiļdarbi, kas varētu mēroties ar Stefana Malarmē (Stéphane Mallarmé) šedevriem dzejas jomā, netiek radīti. M. Māterlinks nāk kā novators simbolisma dramaturģijā un Parīzes literātu atzinība viņam paver ceļu starptautiskai literārai karjerai ne vien Eiropas, bet visas pasaules mērogā. Latvijā ziņas par beļģu literātu parādās latviešu presē 1895. gadā un vēl pēc pieciem gadiem (1900) mēnešrakstā „Austrums” tiek iespiests pirmais viņa lugas tulkojums latviešu valodā. Latvijā gadsimtu mijā intensīvi tiek integrētas Eiropas kultūras novitātes un viens no šo procesu spoguļiem ir preses raksti, kuros plašs lasītāju loks tiek iepazīstināts ar cittautu literātu daiļradi. Tajos iekļauti vispārīgi pārskati, īsi darbu pārstāsti, analīze, citāti, ārzemju kritiķu domas un raksta autoru vērtējumi. Par M. Māterlinka daiļradi un atsevišķiem darbiem gadsimtu mijā raksta Aspazija, Rainis, Jānis Kreicbergs, Zeltmatis, Fricis Mierkalns un citi. Viņa darbus tulko nozīmīgas literāras personības – Jānis Akuraters, Jēkabs Janševskis, Kārlis Jēkabsons, Jānis Asars, Paula Jēgere un citi. M. Māterlinka recepcijas sākumposms Latvijā sakrīt ar latviešu agrīnā modernisma veidošanās procesiem un arīdzan literāta oriģinalitātes izpausmes sasaucas ar modernistu centieniem pēc radošās brīvības. M. Māterlinka recepcijas pētniecība abos minētajos segmentos ir aktuāla trīs aspektos – pirmkārt, M. Māterlinka daiļdarbu vērtējuma XIX un XX gadsimta mijas latviešu literatūrkritikā analīze, otrkārt, tulkojumu kvalitātes izvērtējums un, treškārt, M. 1 Šeit un turpmāk vārds Latvija lietots, lai apzīmētu kultūrtelpu, ko konsolidē latviešu valoda un kas 1918. gada novembrī kļūst par valstisku veidojumu, gan arī runājot par Latvijas valsti. 5 Māterlinka visbiežāk tulkoto darbu un literatūrkritikas akcentētāko konceptu apzināšana. Promocijas darbā tiek pētīts kā veidojas M. Māterlinka literārā savdabība franču un beļģu literatūras kontekstā un evolucionē daiļrade, analizēts kā laika gaitā mainās M. Māterlinka recepcija latviešu literatūrkritikā – no patiesa novatora dramaturģijā līdz domātājam, kas literārā ziņā ievietojams literatūras vēstures plauktā. Tiek veikta dzejas, lugu un eseju tulkojumu analīze katram darbam vai darbu kopumam izvērtējot atbilstību oriģinālam, analizējot starpniekvalodas uzslāņojumus, darbu izvēli tulkojumiem un tulkojumu tapšanas vēsturi. Promocijas darba mērķis ir apzināt M. Māterlinka plašā recepcijas lauka divus segmentus – literatūrkritiku un tulkojumus Latvijas kultūrtelpā, izpētīt, kā tie veido literāta radošās personības tēlu un priekšstatu par viņa daiļrades attīstību. Mērķa realizācijai ir izvirzīti šādi uzdevumi: 1. pētīt M. Māterlinka literāro vidi, literāta radošās domas veidošanās procesā izkristalizējošos daiļrades motīvus, literārās radīšanas formas un turpmāko daiļrades attīstību; 2. analizēt M. Māterlinka transfēra kontekstuālos aspektus: latviešu literatūrkritikas kritēriju veidošanās ideoloģiskos un vēsturiskos faktorus, kā arī latviešu literārā lauka autonomijas tendences; 3. izsekot M. Māterlinka recepcijai latviešu literatūras kritikā, analizēt literāta darbu pozicionējumu, interpretāciju, vērtējumu un to saistību ar latviešu literatūras norisēm; 4. analītiskā sastatījumā aplūkot M. Māterlinka daiļdarbu specifiskās iezīmes un to atveidojumu latviešu tulkojumos. Promocijas darba avotu atlasi noteica hronoloģiskais, kultūrtelpas un literāro virzienu kritērijs. Pirmkārt, tie ir M. Māterlinka daiļdarbi franču valodā – dzeja, lugas un esejas. No šī apjomīgā klāsta izvēlēti simbolisma perioda daiļdarbi un vēlāk tapušie nozīmīgākie darbi, kas ataino rakstnieka radošās domas attīstību, atspoguļo viņa teorētiskās nostādnes un dzīves gājumu, tostarp arī rakstnieka sniegtās intervijas un atmiņu grāmata (Bulles bleues, 1948). Šai grupā ietilpst arī tie darbi, kas tulkoti, atstāstīti, analizēti vai pieminēti latviešu periodikā pētāmajā laika periodā. 6 Otrkārt, tika atlasīti beļģu literātam veltīti iepazīstinoši un literatūrkritiski raksti latviešu valodā, kā arī apceres par aktuālām literārām parādībām latviešu un frankofonājā telpā XIX un XX gadsimta mijā. Treškārt, minami Morisa Māterlinka daiļdarbu tulkojumi un atdzejojumi latviešu valodā, ko veikuši K. Jēkabsons, J. Akuraters, Edvarts Virza, Atis Ķeniņš un citi. Promocijas darba teorētisko pamatu veido ārzemju un latviešu pētnieku darbi. Teorētiskās bāzes literatūru var sadalīt vairākās grupās: M. Māterlinka daiļrades pētījumi. Izmantots galvenokārt frankofonās literatūrkritikas klāsts – Pola Gorsē (Paul Gorceix), Žozefa Ansa (Joseph Hanse), Gastona Kompēra (Gaston Compère), Žerāra Desona (Gérard Dessons), Aleksa Paskjē (Alex Pasquier), Arno Riknera (Arnaud Rykner) un citu pētījumi. Literatūras vēsturei, literatūrzinātnei un tulkojumzinātnei, kā arī citām humanitārās jomas robežzinātnēm veltītie pētījumi, veido visapjomīgāko
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