DOCSLIB.ORG

Nonhuman Primate Model of Schizophrenia Using a Noninvasive EEG Method

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Nonhuman Primate Model of Schizophrenia Using a Noninvasive EEG Method Nonhuman primate model of schizophrenia using a noninvasive EEG method Ricardo Gil-da-Costa1, Gene R. Stoner, Raynard Fung, and Thomas D. Albright1 Systems Neurobiology Laboratories, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037 Contributed by Thomas D. Albright, July 5, 2013 (sent for review March 26, 2013) There is growing evidence that impaired sensory-processing sig- Given the homology of human and rhesus macaque brains nificantly contributes to the cognitive deficits found in schizo- (10), the development of a nonhuman primate (NHP) model of phrenia. For example, the mismatch negativity (MMN) and P3a schizophrenia holds great potential for understanding the un- event-related potentials (ERPs), neurophysiological indices of derlying cellular pathophysiologies and for exploring potential sensory and cognitive function, are reduced in schizophrenia treatments. Of particular importance is the development of meth- patients and may be used as biomarkers of the disease. In agree- ods that allow comparison of neurophysiological correlates of ment with glutamatergic theories of schizophrenia, NMDA antag- sensory and cognitive functions in NHPs and humans. To this onists, such as ketamine, elicit many symptoms of schizophrenia end, we developed a noninvasive electroencephalography (EEG) when administered to normal subjects, including reductions in the system that uses common recording hardware and analyses for MMN and the P3a. We sought to develop a nonhuman primate the two species. Our system uses a noninvasive EEG cap in (NHP) model of schizophrenia based on NMDA-receptor blockade NHPs, with electrode density identical to that used in humans. using subanesthetic administration of ketamine. This provided Our approach allows for the calculation of topographic voltage neurophysiological measures of sensory and cognitive function maps and localization of activity generators in the NHP brain. that were directly comparable to those recorded from humans. To determine the utility of our NHP EEG system, we recorded We first developed methods that allowed recording of ERPs from ERPs from humans (64-electrode array) (Fig. S1A) and NHPs humans and rhesus macaques and found homologous MMN and (22-electrode array) (Fig. S1B) during a passive auditory intensity P3a ERPs during an auditory oddball paradigm. We then investi- oddball paradigm. For both species, we established that ERPs gated the effect of ketamine on these ERPs in macaques. As found had timing and topographic distributions consistent with previous NEUROSCIENCE in humans with schizophrenia, as well as in normal subjects given reports, and source localization suggested homologous neural ketamine, we observed a significant decrease in amplitude of both generators. Next, we investigated the effect of transient admin- ERPs. Our findings suggest the potential of a pharmacologically istration of subanesthetic doses of ketamine on these components induced model of schizophrenia in NHPs that can pave the way in NHPs. These experiments revealed transient but selective for EEG-guided investigations into cellular mechanisms and thera- reductions of MMN and P3a components, which mimicked those pies. Furthermore, given the established link between these ERPs, previously seen in human subjects similarly treated with NMDAR the glutamatergic system, and deficits in other neuropsychiatric blockers. Most significantly, they also mimicked the chronic disorders, our model can be used to investigate a wide range of MMN and P3a reductions characteristic of schizophrenia. COGNITIVE SCIENCES PSYCHOLOGICAL AND pathologies. Our findings, thus, support the utility of this NHP EEG sys- tem, used in conjunction with a ketamine-administration model brain | psychiatry | neurology | monkey | medicine of schizophrenia, to assay sensory and cognitive deficits. Our approach can, thus, be used to facilitate understanding of neural chizophrenia is a multifaceted disorder that may originate circuit dysfunctions characteristic of schizophrenia. Additionally, fi from neuronal pathology in multiple brain systems (1). Current a wealth of previous evidence has shown a signi cant correlation S fi theories suggest that some of the sensory and cognitive symp- between behavioral de cits and modulations of the MMN and toms of schizophrenia may, at least partially, result from dysfunc- P3a ERPs in a variety of neurological and neuropsychiatric pa- thologies (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, Parkinson dis- tion of the glutamate neurotransmitter system (2). In support of ease, affective disorders, and disorders of consciousness, etc.) (7, this theory, it has been found that acute subanesthetic doses of the – N 11 13). Thus, our approach may also enable exploration, at -methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist ketamine neuronal and behavioral levels, of therapies targeted at this fi induces sensory and cognitive de cits akin to those experienced collection of pathologies. by schizophrenia patients, as well as decreases of the mismatch negativity (MMN) and P3 event-related potential (ERP) ampli- Results tudes (3). Comparison of MMN in Humans and Monkeys. The MMN is The MMN is thought to reflect preattentive detection of obtained by subtracting the ERP to the standard stimulus from a deviant stimulus (4), whereas the P3 is thought to reflect the the ERP to the deviant stimulus (see Materials and Methods). In redirection of attention to that deviant stimulus (5). In an odd- humans, the auditory MMN is well documented as a fronto- – ball paradigm, responses to deviant (or “oddball”) stimuli oc- central negative potential with a latency of 100 250 ms after curring among a sequence of standard stimuli are measured. The the onset of stimulus presentation and has sources in auditory MMN is obtained by subtracting the ERP to the standard stim- cortices and in the inferior frontal gyrus (14). Consistent with ulus from the ERP to the deviant stimulus, whereas the P3a is typically observed in the ERP to deviants. Schizophrenia patients appear less able to detect and direct Author contributions: R.G.-d.-C., G.R.S., R.F., and T.D.A. designed research; R.G.-d.-C. and R.F. performed research; R.G.-d.-C. and R.F. analyzed data; and R.G.-d.-C., G.R.S., R.F., and attention to novel stimuli than healthy controls (6). Consistent T.D.A. wrote the paper. with this behavioral deficit, the amplitudes of both the MMN (7) The authors declare no conflict of interest. and the P3 (8) have been found to be reduced in schizophrenia Freely available online through the PNAS open access option. patients, leading to the proposals that reduced MMN is a marker 1To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected]. of progressive pathology (7) and that reductions in both MMN This article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10. and P3a are markers of vulnerability for this disorder (8, 9). 1073/pnas.1312264110/-/DCSupplemental. www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1312264110 PNAS Early Edition | 1of6 Downloaded by guest on September 25, 2021 previous findings, our recordings revealed a human MMN oc- Low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) curring 56–188 ms after stimulus onset, with a peak amplitude of was used to estimate MMN generators. In both species, the su- −1.83 μV at 104 ms [F(1,1259) = 97.12; P < 0.001; Fig. 1A; ad- perior temporal gyrus (STG) and frontal areas were estimated ditional information is in Tables S1 and S2] and a broad central- as primary neural generators (Fig. 1 B and D, lower images). scalp distribution [Fig. 1B, Upper; white arrow indicates the For humans, the frontal generators included the inferior frontal MMN (negative, blue) central-scalp distribution]. gyrus (IFG) and the superior frontal gyrus (SFG). For macaques, Unlike other previous studies that used epidural electrodes to the frontal generators included the rectus gyrus (RG) and the establish MMNs in NHPs (Macaca fascicularis) (15, 16), we use anterior cingulate gyrus (ACG). These data establish that com- high-density scalp electrodes, which enable scalp topographic parable MMNs can be recorded with high-density scalp electrodes voltage mapping and source localization. Javitt et al. reported from both species. Our findings, moreover, provide functional that MMN in the macaque had a peak latency of ∼80 ms (15). evidence that the neural generators of those ERPs may be ho- We found NHP MMN 48–120 ms after stimulus onset, with mologous in the two species. a peak amplitude of −1.62 μVat88ms[F(1,409) = 11.17; P < 0.001; Fig. 1C; additional information is in Tables S1 and S2], Comparison of P3a in Humans and Monkeys. The P3a emerges after and a central-scalp distribution [Fig. 1D, Upper; white arrow the MMN and has a latency of 200–500 ms in humans (17). We indicates the MMN (negative, blue) central-scalp distribution]. investigated the P3a in the averaged response to low and high We have labeled this ERP as “mMMN” (i.e., monkey MMN). deviants (see Materials and Methods for details). In humans, the A B µV -3 * -2 -1 0 1 2 3 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500 ms C D µV -3 * -2 -1 0 1 2 3 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500 ms Fig. 1. MMN in humans and NHPs. Left graphs show ERP plots of grand average from a central electrode (Cz) of five humans (A) and two NHP subjects (C). These graphs depict waveforms (averaged across low and high tones) from standard (blue line) and deviant (red line) conditions, as well as difference wave (black line). The blue shaded area identifies duration of the MMN [human: 56–190 m (peak amplitude, −1.83 μV at 104 ms; *P < 0.001); NHP: 48–120 ms (peak amplitude, −1.62 μV at 88 ms; *P < 0.001]. Human and monkey head icons identify species for results presented (they do not represent precise electrode placement or density). (B and D) Upper right images show scalp-voltage topographic maps, which reveal central negativity found in the difference wave for both species [human: time interval 56–188 ms (B); NHP: time interval 48–120 ms (D)] corresponding to the MMN [white arrow indicates MMN (negative, blue) central-scalp distribution].
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Development of the Contingent Negative Variation During an Executive Functioning/Planning Task in Children, Adolescents, and Adults
    THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONTINGENT NEGATIVE VARIATION DURING AN EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONING/PLANNING TASK IN CHILDREN, ADOLESCENTS, AND ADULTS By KIMBERLY ANDERSON A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2006 1 Copyright 2006 by Kimberly Anderson 2 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my wonderful advisor Dr. Keith Berg for his dedication during my entire time at graduate school. I would also like to thank the many research assistants that gave their time to helping complete this project, it could not have been done without their tireless efforts. Lastly, I want to thank my best friend, Teri DeLucca, for her constant smiles and uplifting prayers. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...............................................................................................................3 LIST OF TABLES...........................................................................................................................6 LIST OF FIGURES .........................................................................................................................7 ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................................9 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................10 2 LITERATURE REVIEW.......................................................................................................11
    [Show full text]
  • Multiple Electrophysiological Markers of Visual-Attentional Processing in a Novel Task Directed Toward Clinical Use
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Ophthalmology Volume 2012, Article ID 618654, 11 pages doi:10.1155/2012/618654 Research Article Multiple Electrophysiological Markers of Visual-Attentional Processing in a Novel Task Directed toward Clinical Use Julie Bolduc-Teasdale,1, 2, 3 Pierre Jolicoeur,2, 3 and Michelle McKerral1, 2, 3 1 Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Lucie-Bruneau Rehabilitation Centre, 2275 Laurier Avenue East, Montreal, QC, Canada H2H 2N8 2 Centre for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognition, University of Montreal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7 3 Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC, Montr´eal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7 Correspondence should be addressed to Michelle McKerral, [email protected] Received 2 July 2012; Accepted 16 September 2012 Academic Editor: Shigeki Machida Copyright © 2012 Julie Bolduc-Teasdale et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Individuals who have sustained a mild brain injury (e.g., mild traumatic brain injury or mild cerebrovascular stroke) are at risk to show persistent cognitive symptoms (attention and memory) after the acute postinjury phase. Although studies have shown that those patients perform normally on neuropsychological tests, cognitive symptoms remain present, and there is a need for more precise diagnostic tools. The aim of this study was to develop precise and sensitive markers for the diagnosis of post brain injury deficits in visual and attentional functions which could be easily translated in a clinical setting.
    [Show full text]
  • Emitted P3a and P3b in Chronic Schizophrenia and in First-Episode Schizophrenia
    Emitted P3a and P3b in Chronic Schizophrenia and in First-Episode Schizophrenia by Alexis McCathern Neuroscience and Psychology, BPhil, University of Pittsburgh, 2017 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of University Honors College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2017 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH UNIVERISTY HONORS COLLEGE This thesis was presented by Alexis McCathern It was defended on April 3, 2017 and approved by John Foxe, PhD, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Michael Pogue-Geile, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh Stuart Steinhauer, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Thesis Director: Dean Salisbury, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine ii Copyright © by Alexis McCathern 2017 iii EMITTED P3A AND P3B IN CHRONIC SCHIZOPHRENIA AND IN FIRST- EPISODE SCHIZOPHRENIA Alexis McCathern, BPhil University of Pittsburgh, 2017 Neurophysiological biomarkers may be useful for identifying the presence of schizophrenia and the schizophrenia prodrome among at-risk individuals prior to the emergence of psychosis. This study examined the emitted P3 to absent stimuli on a tone counting task in patients with chronic schizophrenia and newly-diagnosed patients. The P3 is biphasic, with the earlier peak (P3a) reflecting automatic orienting and the later peak (P3b) reflecting cognitive processing. Twenty- four individuals with long-term schizophrenia (minimum 5 years diagnosis; SZ) were compared to 24 matched controls (HCSZ), and 23 individuals within 6 months of their first psychotic episode (FE) were compared to 22 matched controls (HCFE). Participants were presented with standard sets of four identical tones (1 kHz, 50 ms, 330 ms SOA, 750 ms ITI).
    [Show full text]
  • Modality-Specific and Modality-General Encoding of Auditory and Visual Rhythms
    UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones 5-1-2012 Modality-Specific and Modality-General Encoding of Auditory and Visual Rhythms Amanda Pasinski University of Nevada, Las Vegas Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations Part of the Cognition and Perception Commons Repository Citation Pasinski, Amanda, "Modality-Specific and Modality-General Encoding of Auditory and Visual Rhythms" (2012). UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones. 1608. http://dx.doi.org/10.34917/4332589 This Thesis is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Thesis in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Thesis has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MODALITY-SPECIFIC AND MODALITY-GENERAL ENCODING OF AUDITORY AND VISUAL RHYTHMS by Amanda Claire Pasinski Bachelor of Arts University of Nevada, Las Vegas 2007 A thesis document submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts in Psychology Department
    [Show full text]
  • Mismatch Negativity and Stimulus-Preceding Negativity in Paradigms of Increasing Auditory Complexity: a Possible Role in Predictive Coding
    entropy Article Mismatch Negativity and Stimulus-Preceding Negativity in Paradigms of Increasing Auditory Complexity: A Possible Role in Predictive Coding Francisco J. Ruiz-Martínez * , Antonio Arjona and Carlos M. Gómez Human Psychobiology Lab, Experimental Psychology Department, University of Sevilla, 41018 Seville, Spain; [email protected] (A.A.); [email protected] (C.M.G.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) has been considered a preattentive index of auditory processing and/or a signature of prediction error computation. This study tries to demon- strate the presence of an MMN to deviant trials included in complex auditory stimuli sequences, and its possible relationship to predictive coding. Additionally, the transfer of information between trials is expected to be represented by stimulus-preceding negativity (SPN), which would possibly fit the predictive coding framework. To accomplish these objectives, the EEG of 31 subjects was recorded during an auditory paradigm in which trials composed of stimulus sequences with increasing or decreasing frequencies were intermingled with deviant trials presenting an unexpected ending. Our results showed the presence of an MMN in response to deviant trials. An SPN appeared during the intertrial interval and its amplitude was reduced in response to deviant trials. The presence of Citation: Ruiz-Martínez, F.J.; Arjona, an MMN in complex sequences of sounds and the generation of an SPN component, with different A.; Gómez, C.M. Mismatch Negativity and Stimulus-Preceding amplitudes in deviant and standard trials, would support the predictive coding framework. Negativity in Paradigms of Increasing Auditory Complexity: A Possible Keywords: mismatch negativity; stimulus preceding negativity; contingent negative variation; Role in Predictive Coding.
    [Show full text]
  • ERP Peaks Review 1 LINKING BRAINWAVES to the BRAIN
    ERP Peaks Review 1 LINKING BRAINWAVES TO THE BRAIN: AN ERP PRIMER Alexandra P. Fonaryova Key, Guy O. Dove, and Mandy J. Maguire Psychological and Brain Sciences University of Louisville Louisville, Kentucky Short title: ERPs Peak Review. Key Words: ERP, peak, latency, brain activity source, electrophysiology. Please address all correspondence to: Alexandra P. Fonaryova Key, Ph.D. Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences 317 Life Sciences, University of Louisville Louisville, KY 40292-0001. [email protected] ERP Peaks Review 2 Linking Brainwaves To The Brain: An ERP Primer Alexandra Fonaryova Key, Guy O. Dove, and Mandy J. Maguire Abstract This paper reviews literature on the characteristics and possible interpretations of the event- related potential (ERP) peaks commonly identified in research. The description of each peak includes typical latencies, cortical distributions, and possible brain sources of observed activity as well as the evoking paradigms and underlying psychological processes. The review is intended to serve as a tutorial for general readers interested in neuropsychological research and a references source for researchers using ERP techniques. ERP Peaks Review 3 Linking Brainwaves To The Brain: An ERP Primer Alexandra P. Fonaryova Key, Guy O. Dove, and Mandy J. Maguire Over the latter portion of the past century recordings of brain electrical activity such as the continuous electroencephalogram (EEG) and the stimulus-relevant event-related potentials (ERPs) became frequent tools of choice for investigating the brain’s role in the cognitive processing in different populations. These electrophysiological recording techniques are generally non-invasive, relatively inexpensive, and do not require participants to provide a motor or verbal response.
    [Show full text]
  • Perceptual Functions of Auditory Neural Oscillation Entrainment Perceptual Functions of Auditory Neural Oscillation Entrainment
    Perceptual functions of auditory neural oscillation entrainment Perceptual functions of auditory neural oscillation entrainment By Andrew Chang, Bachelor of Science A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy McMaster University © Copyright by Andrew Chang July 29, 2019 McMaster University Doctor of Philosophy (2019) Hamilton, Ontario (Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour) TITLE: Perceptual functions of auditory neural oscillation entrainment AUTHOR: Andrew Chang (McMaster University) SUPERVISOR: Dr. Laurel J. Trainor NUMBER OF PAGES: xviii, 134 ii Lay Abstract Perceiving speech and musical sounds in real time is challenging, because they occur in rapid succession and each sound masks the previous one. Rhythmic timing regularities (e.g., musical beats, speech syllable onsets) may greatly aid in overcoming this challenge, because timing regularity enables the brain to make temporal predictions and, thereby, anticipatorily prepare for perceiv- ing upcoming sounds. This thesis investigated the perceptual and neural mechanisms for tracking auditory rhythm and enhancing perception. Per- ceptually, rhythmic regularity in streams of tones facilitates pitch percep- tion. Neurally, multiple neural oscillatory activities (high-frequency power, low-frequency phase, and their coupling) track auditory inputs, and they are associated with distinct perceptual mechanisms (enhancing sensitivity or de- creasing reaction time), and these mechanisms are coordinated to proactively track rhythmic regularity and enhance audition. The findings start the dis- cussion of answering how the human brain is able to process and understand the information in rapid speech and musical streams. iii Abstract Humans must process fleeting auditory information in real time, such as speech and music.
    [Show full text]
  • Stimulus Frequency and Masking As Determinants of P300 Latency in Event-Related Potentials from Auditory Stimuli *
    Biological Psycho&v 21 (1985) 309-318 309 North-Holland STIMULUS FREQUENCY AND MASKING AS DETERMINANTS OF P300 LATENCY IN EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS FROM AUDITORY STIMULI * John POLICH Department of Neurology, California College of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92717, U.S.A. Lawrence HOWARD School of Social Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92717, U.S.A Arnold STARR Department of Neurology, California College of Medicine, University of Californra, twine, CA 92717, U.S.A. Accepted for publication 8 May 1985 The effects of target tone frequency, presence of a masking stimulus. and subject sex on the auditory ERP were studied with an ‘oddball’ paradigm. P300 latency became shorter (about 15 msec) as the difference between the standard (1000 Hz) and target tone frequency increased (1500, 2000, 4000 Hz) but became longer (about 10 msec) with the presence of a white noise masking stimulus. Similar results were obtained for both the P3a and P3b subcomponents of the P300 potential. No significant differences between the adult male and female subjects were observed. The role of stimulus parameters in applied testing situations is discussed. 1. Introduction The P300 component of the event-related brain potential (ERP) is a large (5-15 luv), positive-going waveform that occurs with a modal latency of about 300 msec in normal young adults. Although the neurophysiology underlying the P300 is still being explored (Halgren, Squires, Wilson, Rohrbaugh, Bab and Crandall, 1980; Okada, Kaufman and Williamson, 1983), the cognitive events associated with its generation have received considerable attention (Donchin, 1981; Donchin, Ritter and McCallum, 1978; Pritchard, 1981).
    [Show full text]
  • Gamma and Beta Frequency Oscillations in Response to Novel Auditory Stimuli: a Comparison of Human Electroencephalogram (EEG) Data with in Vitro Models
    Gamma and beta frequency oscillations in response to novel auditory stimuli: A comparison of human electroencephalogram (EEG) data with in vitro models Corinna Haenschel*†, Torsten Baldeweg‡, Rodney J. Croft*, Miles Whittington§, and John Gruzelier* *Division of Neuroscience and Psychological Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine, London W6 8RP, United Kingdom; ‡Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Sick Children, University College London, London WC1N 2AP, United Kingdom; and §School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9NL, United Kingdom Communicated by Nancy J. Kopell, Boston University, Boston, MA, April 10, 2000 (received for review December 15, 1999) Investigations using hippocampal slices maintained in vitro have neuronal assembly within which synchronization is possible (11). demonstrated that bursts of oscillatory field potentials in the This observation is complementary to the demonstration that gamma frequency range (30–80 Hz) are followed by a slower long-range (multimodal) sensory coding is performed at beta oscillation in the beta 1 range (12–20 Hz). In this study, we frequencies, whereas local synchronization occurs at gamma demonstrate that a comparable gamma-to-beta transition is seen frequencies (12). in the human electroencephalogram (EEG) in response to novel Transient bursts of gamma oscillations in the human electro- auditory stimuli. Correlations between gamma and beta 1 activity encephalogram (EEG) can be detected in response to sensory revealed a high degree of interdependence of synchronized oscil- stimulation (13). They can either be tightly time and phase lations in these bands in the human EEG. Evoked (stimulus-locked) locked to the stimulus (termed stimulus-evoked gamma oscilla- gamma oscillations preceded beta 1 oscillations in response to tions) (14), or they may occur with variable latency (termed novel stimuli, suggesting that this may be analogous to the stimulus-induced gamma oscillations) (15).
    [Show full text]
  • Homologues of Human Event-Related Potential Components in Nonhuman
    MONKEY ERPs 1 In press: to appear in The Oxford Handbook of Event-Related Potential Components. Luck, S.J. & Kappenman, E.S. (Eds.), New York: Oxford University Press. Homologues of human ERP components in nonhuman primates Geoffrey F. Woodman Vanderbilt University, Vanderbilt Vision Research Center, Center for Integrative and Cognitive Neuroscience Running Head: MONKEY ERPs Correspondence from the editor/publisher should be addressed to: Geoffrey F. Woodman Department of Psychology Vanderbilt University PMB 407817 2301 Vanderbilt Place Nashville, TN 37240-7817 615-343-8901 (telephone) 615-343-8449 (fax) [email protected] (e-mail) MONKEY ERPs 2 Like many electrophysiologists who record the electroencephalogram (EEG) and event- related potentials (ERPs) from humans, I was a heavy user of the techniques before I became aware of the fact that EEG activity was originally observed during recordings from animals, including nonhuman primates (Caton, 1875). It was the 50-year-old studies with animals that motivated Hans Berger’s discovery and naming of the EEG recorded from his son, Klaus, and other human subjects (Berger, 1929). Moreover, many users of the ERP technique may be surprised to learn just how rarely the ERP components we use as tools to study human cognition have been studied in other model species, such as nonhuman primates. This chapter chronicles the discovery of ERP components in nonhuman primates. I focus mainly on monkeys but also include evidence from other species when it exists. The discussion generally unfolds chronologically beginning with work from the 19th century and continuing up through current research. During this review I will address differences in the methods and tasks that have been utilized to record ERPs in the different species.
    [Show full text]
  • Beta Oscillatory Power Modulation Reflects the Predictability of Pitch Change
    Beta oscillatory power modulation reflects the predictability of pitch change Andrew Changa, Dan J. Bosnyaka, b, Laurel J. Trainora, b, c Published in Cortex This is a postprint document. For the paper of record, please see https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2018.06.008 aDepartment of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada bMcMaster Institute for Music and the Mind, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada cRotman Research Institute, Baycrest Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada Corresponding author: Laurel J. Trainor ([email protected]), Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada. Action editor Sonja Kotz Chang et al., (2018) Cortex https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2018.06.008 Abstract Humans process highly dynamic auditory information in real time, and regularities in stimuli such as speech and music can aid such processing by allowing sensory predictions for upcoming events. Auditory sequences contain information about both the identity of sounds (what) and their timing (when they occur). Temporal prediction in isochronous sequences is reflected in neural oscillatory power modulation in the beta band (∼20 Hz). Specifically, power decreases (desynchronization) after tone onset and then increases (resynchronization) to reach a maximum around the expected time of the next tone. The current study investigates whether the predictability of the pitch of a tone (what) is also reflected in beta power modulation. We presented two isochronous auditory oddball sequences, each with 20% of tones at a deviant pitch. In one sequence the deviant tones occurred regularly every fifth tone (predictably), but in the other sequence they occurred pseudorandomly (unpredictably).
    [Show full text]
  • Auditory P300 and N100 Components As Intermediate Phenotypes for Psychotic Disorder: Familial Liability and Reliability ⇑ Claudia J.P
    Clinical Neurophysiology 122 (2011) 1984–1990 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Clinical Neurophysiology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/clinph Auditory P300 and N100 components as intermediate phenotypes for psychotic disorder: Familial liability and reliability ⇑ Claudia J.P. Simons a,b, , Anke Sambeth c, Lydia Krabbendam a,e, Stefanie Pfeifer a, Jim van Os a,d, Wim J. Riedel c a Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, SEARCH, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands b GGzE, Institute of Mental Health Care Eindhoven en de Kempen, P.O. Box 909, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands c Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands d Visiting Professor of Psychiatric Epidemiology, King’s College London, King’s Health Partners, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, UK e Centre Brain and Learning, Department of Psychology and Education, VU University Amsterdam, van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands article info highlights Article history: A reliable N100 latency delay was found in unaffected siblings of patients with a psychotic disorder. Accepted 28 February 2011 P300 amplitude and latency were not found to be affected in siblings. Available online 1 April 2011 Short-term test–retest reliability of N100 and P300 components were sound across patients, siblings and controls, with the main exception of N100 latency in patients. Keywords: Electroencephalography Event-related potentials abstract Psychoses Schizophrenia Objective: Abnormalities of the auditory P300 are a robust finding in patients with psychosis. The pur- Test–retest poses of this study were to determine whether patients with a psychotic disorder and their unaffected Relatives siblings show abnormalities in P300 and N100 and to establish test–retest reliabilities for these ERP com- ponents.
    [Show full text]