Visual P3a in Male Alcoholics and Controls
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The Influence of Action Video Gaming Experience on the Perception of Emotional Faces and Emotional Word Meaning
Hindawi Neural Plasticity Volume 2021, Article ID 8841156, 12 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8841156 Research Article The Influence of Action Video Gaming Experience on the Perception of Emotional Faces and Emotional Word Meaning Yuening Yan ,1,2 Yi Li ,1,2 Xinyu Lou,1,2 Senqi Li,1,2 Yutong Yao,3 Diankun Gong ,1,2 Weiyi Ma ,4 and Guojian Yan 1,2 1The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China 2Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China 3Faculty of Natural Science, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK 4School of Human Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Diankun Gong; [email protected], Weiyi Ma; [email protected], and Guojian Yan; [email protected] Received 31 August 2020; Revised 30 December 2020; Accepted 6 May 2021; Published 22 May 2021 Academic Editor: Jianzhong Su Copyright © 2021 Yuening Yan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Action video gaming (AVG) experience has been found related to sensorimotor and attentional development. However, the influence of AVG experience on the development of emotional perception skills is still unclear. Using behavioral and ERP measures, this study examined the relationship between AVG experience and the ability to decode emotional faces and emotional word meanings. -
The Development of the Contingent Negative Variation During an Executive Functioning/Planning Task in Children, Adolescents, and Adults
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONTINGENT NEGATIVE VARIATION DURING AN EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONING/PLANNING TASK IN CHILDREN, ADOLESCENTS, AND ADULTS By KIMBERLY ANDERSON A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2006 1 Copyright 2006 by Kimberly Anderson 2 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my wonderful advisor Dr. Keith Berg for his dedication during my entire time at graduate school. I would also like to thank the many research assistants that gave their time to helping complete this project, it could not have been done without their tireless efforts. Lastly, I want to thank my best friend, Teri DeLucca, for her constant smiles and uplifting prayers. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...............................................................................................................3 LIST OF TABLES...........................................................................................................................6 LIST OF FIGURES .........................................................................................................................7 ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................................9 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................10 2 LITERATURE REVIEW.......................................................................................................11 -
Multiple Electrophysiological Markers of Visual-Attentional Processing in a Novel Task Directed Toward Clinical Use
Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Ophthalmology Volume 2012, Article ID 618654, 11 pages doi:10.1155/2012/618654 Research Article Multiple Electrophysiological Markers of Visual-Attentional Processing in a Novel Task Directed toward Clinical Use Julie Bolduc-Teasdale,1, 2, 3 Pierre Jolicoeur,2, 3 and Michelle McKerral1, 2, 3 1 Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Lucie-Bruneau Rehabilitation Centre, 2275 Laurier Avenue East, Montreal, QC, Canada H2H 2N8 2 Centre for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognition, University of Montreal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7 3 Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC, Montr´eal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7 Correspondence should be addressed to Michelle McKerral, [email protected] Received 2 July 2012; Accepted 16 September 2012 Academic Editor: Shigeki Machida Copyright © 2012 Julie Bolduc-Teasdale et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Individuals who have sustained a mild brain injury (e.g., mild traumatic brain injury or mild cerebrovascular stroke) are at risk to show persistent cognitive symptoms (attention and memory) after the acute postinjury phase. Although studies have shown that those patients perform normally on neuropsychological tests, cognitive symptoms remain present, and there is a need for more precise diagnostic tools. The aim of this study was to develop precise and sensitive markers for the diagnosis of post brain injury deficits in visual and attentional functions which could be easily translated in a clinical setting. -
Emitted P3a and P3b in Chronic Schizophrenia and in First-Episode Schizophrenia
Emitted P3a and P3b in Chronic Schizophrenia and in First-Episode Schizophrenia by Alexis McCathern Neuroscience and Psychology, BPhil, University of Pittsburgh, 2017 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of University Honors College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2017 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH UNIVERISTY HONORS COLLEGE This thesis was presented by Alexis McCathern It was defended on April 3, 2017 and approved by John Foxe, PhD, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Michael Pogue-Geile, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh Stuart Steinhauer, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Thesis Director: Dean Salisbury, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine ii Copyright © by Alexis McCathern 2017 iii EMITTED P3A AND P3B IN CHRONIC SCHIZOPHRENIA AND IN FIRST- EPISODE SCHIZOPHRENIA Alexis McCathern, BPhil University of Pittsburgh, 2017 Neurophysiological biomarkers may be useful for identifying the presence of schizophrenia and the schizophrenia prodrome among at-risk individuals prior to the emergence of psychosis. This study examined the emitted P3 to absent stimuli on a tone counting task in patients with chronic schizophrenia and newly-diagnosed patients. The P3 is biphasic, with the earlier peak (P3a) reflecting automatic orienting and the later peak (P3b) reflecting cognitive processing. Twenty- four individuals with long-term schizophrenia (minimum 5 years diagnosis; SZ) were compared to 24 matched controls (HCSZ), and 23 individuals within 6 months of their first psychotic episode (FE) were compared to 22 matched controls (HCFE). Participants were presented with standard sets of four identical tones (1 kHz, 50 ms, 330 ms SOA, 750 ms ITI). -
Developing a N400 Brain Computer Interface Based on Semantic Expectancy
Developing a N400 Brain Computer Interface based on semantic expectancy Francesco Chiossi 1, 2 1 Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, via Venezia 8, 35131 Padua, Italy 2 Neurotechnology Group, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. MAR 4-3, Marchstr 23, 10587 Berlin, Germany [email protected] Abstract. In this study, we present a new application to the study of the N400 related event component applied to the Brain Computer Interfaces (BCI) field. The N400 is classically defined in literature as an index of semantic integration mechanisms and it is sensitive to the difficulty with which the reader integrates the input within the semantic context, based on their expectations. By varying the level of violation of expectations in the semantic context and presenting sentences lacking the final word (cloze probability test) we want to train a classifier so that it can always complete the sentences in accordance with the expectations of the participant. The online classification is based on the av- erage peak differences in three different conditions (target, semantically related and unrelated), where the amplitude of the N400 should correlate with the pro- gressive and greater violation of semantic expectation. The findings can con- tribute significantly to this area of research that is still left with several unan- swered questions as this research is one of the first to exploit the N400 in an online experiment. Keywords: brain-computer interfacing, electroencephalography, N400, human- computer interaction, reading, expectancy, language, communication, seman- tics. 1 Introduction A brain-computer interface (BCI) provides a direct connection between the brain and an external device, translating brain signals into commands for electronic devices [1]. -
Modality-Specific and Modality-General Encoding of Auditory and Visual Rhythms
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones 5-1-2012 Modality-Specific and Modality-General Encoding of Auditory and Visual Rhythms Amanda Pasinski University of Nevada, Las Vegas Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations Part of the Cognition and Perception Commons Repository Citation Pasinski, Amanda, "Modality-Specific and Modality-General Encoding of Auditory and Visual Rhythms" (2012). UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones. 1608. http://dx.doi.org/10.34917/4332589 This Thesis is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Thesis in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Thesis has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MODALITY-SPECIFIC AND MODALITY-GENERAL ENCODING OF AUDITORY AND VISUAL RHYTHMS by Amanda Claire Pasinski Bachelor of Arts University of Nevada, Las Vegas 2007 A thesis document submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts in Psychology Department -
Mismatch Negativity and Stimulus-Preceding Negativity in Paradigms of Increasing Auditory Complexity: a Possible Role in Predictive Coding
entropy Article Mismatch Negativity and Stimulus-Preceding Negativity in Paradigms of Increasing Auditory Complexity: A Possible Role in Predictive Coding Francisco J. Ruiz-Martínez * , Antonio Arjona and Carlos M. Gómez Human Psychobiology Lab, Experimental Psychology Department, University of Sevilla, 41018 Seville, Spain; [email protected] (A.A.); [email protected] (C.M.G.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) has been considered a preattentive index of auditory processing and/or a signature of prediction error computation. This study tries to demon- strate the presence of an MMN to deviant trials included in complex auditory stimuli sequences, and its possible relationship to predictive coding. Additionally, the transfer of information between trials is expected to be represented by stimulus-preceding negativity (SPN), which would possibly fit the predictive coding framework. To accomplish these objectives, the EEG of 31 subjects was recorded during an auditory paradigm in which trials composed of stimulus sequences with increasing or decreasing frequencies were intermingled with deviant trials presenting an unexpected ending. Our results showed the presence of an MMN in response to deviant trials. An SPN appeared during the intertrial interval and its amplitude was reduced in response to deviant trials. The presence of Citation: Ruiz-Martínez, F.J.; Arjona, an MMN in complex sequences of sounds and the generation of an SPN component, with different A.; Gómez, C.M. Mismatch Negativity and Stimulus-Preceding amplitudes in deviant and standard trials, would support the predictive coding framework. Negativity in Paradigms of Increasing Auditory Complexity: A Possible Keywords: mismatch negativity; stimulus preceding negativity; contingent negative variation; Role in Predictive Coding. -
The N400 As an Index of Racial Stereotype Accessibility
Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Advance Access published March 22, 2013 doi:10.1093/scan/nst018 SCAN (2013) 1 of 9 The N400 as an index of racial stereotype accessibility Eric Hehman,1 Hannah I. Volpert,2 and Robert F. Simons3 1Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA, 2Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA, and 3Department of Psychology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA The current research examined the viability of the N400, an event-related potential (ERP) related to the detection of semantic incongruity, as an index of both stereotype accessibility and interracial prejudice. Participants EEG was recorded while they completed a sequential priming task, in which negative or positive, stereotypically black (African American) or white (Caucasian American) traits followed the presentation of either a black or white face acting as a prime. ERP examination focused on the N400, but additionally examined N100 and P200 reactivity. Replicating and extending previous N400 stereotype research, results indicated that the N400 can indeed function as an index of stereotype accessibility in an interracial domain, as greater N400 reactivity was elicited by trials in which the face prime was incongruent with the target trait than when primes and traits matched. Furthermore, N400 activity was moderated by participants self-reported explicit bias. More explicitly biased participants demonstrated greater N400 reactivity to stereotypically white traits following black faces than black traits following black faces. P200 activity was additionally associated with participants implicit biases, as more implicitly biased participants similarly demonstrated greater P200 reactivity to stereotypically white traits following black faces Downloaded from than black traits following black faces. -
N400 to Semantically Anomalous Pictures and Words
N400 to Semantically Anomalous Pictures and Words Arti Nigam, James E. Hoffian, and Robert F. Simons University of Delaware Abstract Downloaded from http://mitprc.silverchair.com/jocn/article-pdf/4/1/15/1754910/jocn.1992.4.1.15.pdf by guest on 18 May 2021 The N400 component of the human event-related brain in one condition by a line drawing representing the same potential appears to be related to violations of semantic expec- concept (eg, the word “socks” was replaced by a picture of tancy during language comprehension.The present experiment socks). The N400 recorded in the Pictures Condition was found investigated whether the N400 is related specifically to activity to be identical to the N400 generated by words in terms of in a language system or is an index of a conceptual system that amplitude, scalp distribution, and latency. These results suggest is accessed by both pictures and words. Sentences were visually that the N400 is an index of activity in a conceptual memory presented one word at a time with the last word being replaced that is accessed by both pictures and words. INTRODUCTION 1985a) rather than in a sentence context. The principal finding is that pairs of unrelated words or words that do In a seminal study, Kutas and Hillyard (1980) discovered not fit into the category established by the other words a component of the human event-related brain potential in the series elicit N400s. This is presumably due to (ERP) that appeared to be uniquely associated with lan- priming by semantically related words and words be- guage processing. -
ERP Peaks Review 1 LINKING BRAINWAVES to the BRAIN
ERP Peaks Review 1 LINKING BRAINWAVES TO THE BRAIN: AN ERP PRIMER Alexandra P. Fonaryova Key, Guy O. Dove, and Mandy J. Maguire Psychological and Brain Sciences University of Louisville Louisville, Kentucky Short title: ERPs Peak Review. Key Words: ERP, peak, latency, brain activity source, electrophysiology. Please address all correspondence to: Alexandra P. Fonaryova Key, Ph.D. Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences 317 Life Sciences, University of Louisville Louisville, KY 40292-0001. [email protected] ERP Peaks Review 2 Linking Brainwaves To The Brain: An ERP Primer Alexandra Fonaryova Key, Guy O. Dove, and Mandy J. Maguire Abstract This paper reviews literature on the characteristics and possible interpretations of the event- related potential (ERP) peaks commonly identified in research. The description of each peak includes typical latencies, cortical distributions, and possible brain sources of observed activity as well as the evoking paradigms and underlying psychological processes. The review is intended to serve as a tutorial for general readers interested in neuropsychological research and a references source for researchers using ERP techniques. ERP Peaks Review 3 Linking Brainwaves To The Brain: An ERP Primer Alexandra P. Fonaryova Key, Guy O. Dove, and Mandy J. Maguire Over the latter portion of the past century recordings of brain electrical activity such as the continuous electroencephalogram (EEG) and the stimulus-relevant event-related potentials (ERPs) became frequent tools of choice for investigating the brain’s role in the cognitive processing in different populations. These electrophysiological recording techniques are generally non-invasive, relatively inexpensive, and do not require participants to provide a motor or verbal response. -
Perceptual Functions of Auditory Neural Oscillation Entrainment Perceptual Functions of Auditory Neural Oscillation Entrainment
Perceptual functions of auditory neural oscillation entrainment Perceptual functions of auditory neural oscillation entrainment By Andrew Chang, Bachelor of Science A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy McMaster University © Copyright by Andrew Chang July 29, 2019 McMaster University Doctor of Philosophy (2019) Hamilton, Ontario (Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour) TITLE: Perceptual functions of auditory neural oscillation entrainment AUTHOR: Andrew Chang (McMaster University) SUPERVISOR: Dr. Laurel J. Trainor NUMBER OF PAGES: xviii, 134 ii Lay Abstract Perceiving speech and musical sounds in real time is challenging, because they occur in rapid succession and each sound masks the previous one. Rhythmic timing regularities (e.g., musical beats, speech syllable onsets) may greatly aid in overcoming this challenge, because timing regularity enables the brain to make temporal predictions and, thereby, anticipatorily prepare for perceiv- ing upcoming sounds. This thesis investigated the perceptual and neural mechanisms for tracking auditory rhythm and enhancing perception. Per- ceptually, rhythmic regularity in streams of tones facilitates pitch percep- tion. Neurally, multiple neural oscillatory activities (high-frequency power, low-frequency phase, and their coupling) track auditory inputs, and they are associated with distinct perceptual mechanisms (enhancing sensitivity or de- creasing reaction time), and these mechanisms are coordinated to proactively track rhythmic regularity and enhance audition. The findings start the dis- cussion of answering how the human brain is able to process and understand the information in rapid speech and musical streams. iii Abstract Humans must process fleeting auditory information in real time, such as speech and music. -
Event-Related Brain Potentials Distinguish Processing Stages Involved in Face Perception and Recognition
Clinical Neurophysiology 111 (2000) 694±705 www.elsevier.com/locate/clinph Event-related brain potentials distinguish processing stages involved in face perception and recognition Martin Eimer* Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK Accepted 15 October 1999 Abstract Objectives: An event-related brain potential (ERP) study investigated how different processing stages involved in face identi®cation are re¯ected by ERP modulations, and how stimulus repetitions and attentional set in¯uence such effects. Methods: ERPs were recorded in response to photographs of familiar faces, unfamiliar faces, and houses. In Part I, participants had to detect infrequently presented targets (hands), in Part II, attention was either directed towards or away from the pictorial stimuli. Results: The face-speci®c N170 component elicited maximally at lateral temporal electrodes was not affected by face familiarity. When compared with unfamiliar faces, familiar faces elicited an enhanced negativity between 300 and 500 ms (`N400f') which was followed by an enhanced positivity beyond 500 ms post-stimulus (`P600f'). In contrast to the `classical' N400, these effects were parietocentrally distrib- uted. They were attenuated, but still reliable, for repeated presentations of familiar faces. When attention was directed to another demanding task, no `N400f' was elicited, but the `P600f' effect remained to be present. Conclusions: While the N170 re¯ects the pre-categorical structural encoding of faces, the `N400f' and `P600f' are likely to indicate subsequent processes involved in face recognition. Impaired structural encoding can result in the disruption of face identi®cation. This is illustrated by a neuropsychological case study, demonstrating the absence of the N170 and later ERP indicators of face recognition in a prosopagnosic patient.