NETWORKING for URBAN VITALITY 2015 Practical cases and 2016 innovation agenda LIV TY E LI A I B B I O L IT M Y cu ts r r n e e n t m t i s n e v e v s n VITALITY i t m e r e u n t t u s f N E T E W S O U R D K N S LA NUVIT December 2015 Transport Infrastructure Integrated with Land Rotterdam2Ruhr scoping study (Rijkswater- Healthy Urbanization publication (Ministry of Use (TIILUP) roadmap (FEHRL, April 2013) staat, December 2013) Infrastructure and the Environment of the Netherlands, 2012) Networking for Urban Vitality (NUVit) is an initiative which originates from the ‘Transport Infrastructure Integrated with Land Use’ (TIILUP) roadmap (FEHRL), the Rotterdam2Ruhr scoping study (Rijkswaterstaat, the Netherlands) and the Healthy Urbanization publication (Ministry of Infrastructure & the Environment, the Netherlands). NUVit is guided by an international core group of experts (infra-providers, authorities, knowledge institutes and consultants – see appendix) and is a platform in which knowledge concerning NUVit (Mobility, infrastructure networks, liveability and land use) is exchanged and embedded in practice. contact & information colophon Jos Arts PhD Raymond Linssen MSc Text Strategic advisor, Rijkswaterstaat Project leader, Rijkswaterstaat Tertius Hanekamp - TEMAH Ministry of Infrastructure & Ministry of Infrastructure & Robert Broesi - MUST urbanism the Environment of the Netherlands the Environment of the Netherlands Professor at University Groningen Graphic design [email protected] [email protected] MUST urbanism - Amsterdam/Cologne +31 6 53748103 +31 6 21839447 © Rijkswaterstaat, December 2015 2 | Ministerie van IenM in coproductie Ministerie van EZ NETWORKING for URBAN VITALITY Practical experiences and research agenda CONTENTS 1 THE CHALLENGE OF NETWORKING FOR URBAN VITALITY 5 2 PRACTICE BASED CASE STUDIES IN EUROPE 11 3 PROPOSALS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH 33 Noordzee 2050 | Gebiedsagenda | 3 1 Dreirosenbrücke Basel, Switzerland source: flickr.com/ritsch48 4 | Ministerie van IenM in coproductie Ministerie van EZ The challenge of NETWORKING for URBAN VITALITY Today’s investments in the physical environment are main drivers for urban economic and environmental vitality of tomorrow. Specific challenge Achieving a smart green and integrated transport system is key to sustaining and developing the econom- ic, social and environmental vitality of urban Europe. Within this context the challenge is to deliver the next generation of infrastructure governance, design, management and operation. This enables optimal accessibility, liveability, health, safety and security across the scales from the local daily urban system to the wider EU-regions that cluster metropolitan areas. This challenge of consistency across different spatial scales is widespread across metropolitan regions in Europe. Deployment on a EU-regional scale should be centred around TEN-T clusters such as in the Benelux/Nordrhein- Networking for Urban Vitality stands for an optimisation Westfalen. Fundamental in addressing this challenge is: between mobility-networks-land use-liveability and thereby • The further optimisation of the daily urban system is improvement of the return on investments. only possible when the peri-urban system and the long distance freight transport is taken into account; infrastructure on economic, social and environmental • TEN-T clusters need to be considered as a whole (the vitality of the region considered. Goals and milestones corridors and their interlinks) for regions where the will be set in terms of accessibility, liveability, safety and TEN-T network is highly clustered and interlinked security. Starting from best practices of the involved with the regional and local networks. infrastructure owners, research and innovation actions will result in a practical toolbox and appropriate Scope technology and regulations framework. In such living In order to address the specific challenge through laboratory the integration of infrastructure planning effective deployment initiatives, a living laboratory is and spatial planning will be dealt with in a manner that proposed at the scale of a TEN-T cluster. This lab will is consistent across the scales of subsequently: the focus on the impact of governance, development, TEN-T cluster system, the daily urban system (including management and operation of all relevant transport the peri-urban system) and the local scale. 5 Noordzee 2050 | Gebiedsagenda | 5 the BASIC FRAMEWORK On basis of group discussions with international changes in use (renewal, redevelopment), changing experts, the basic framework of NUVit has been lifestyles, metabolic potentials (circular economy/ developed and checked (see appendix). Six cradle-to-cradle) and linkages to mobility and dimensions have been distinguished: a spatial, accessibility (flows of people and goods). These network, time, value, institutional and implementa- analyses can help to determine time linkages for a tion dimension. Although many other groupings strategy driven planning of transport infrastructure are possible, we consider these six dimensions systems. being characteristic of land-use and infrastructure planning. It might be clear that these six dimen- 4. Value dimension: Instruments for value sions are very closely related. The vitality of a region capturing and creation can be enhanced by taking the interaction between This dimension gives an overview of state of the art the six dimensions and the different scale levels models and approaches to assess value (e.g. (see page 8) into consideration. Cost-Benefit Analysis; Life-Cycle Assessment; Environmental Impact Assessment), to create value Vitality (including accessibility) and capture value in An integrated approach towards the six dimensions combined infrastructure and spatial development can reveal synergetic effects that may go beyond (projects). sectorial interests. These effects can influence the economic, environmental and social vitality of a 5. Institutional dimension: Organisational region in a positive way. NUVit stands for an empowerment for integrated planning integrat¬ed approach, in which vitality is discussed This dimension comprises of examining different consist¬ently during the planning process. governance approaches at all institutional levels. A broad array of concepts regarding institutional 1. Spatial dimension: Spatial integrative embed¬ding and governance models as well as concepts issues regarding the culture setting will be regard- This dimension focuses on spatial design as both a ed. This dimension also entails the development of strategic and technical tool in order to achieve governance approaches for different situations integrative spatial concepts. The design process related to partnerships: inter-governmental examines inte¬grative spatial agglomeration and cooperation (public-public partnerships), market transport concepts and raises stakeholder’s involvement (public-private partnerships), stake- ownership. Well-known examples of such integra- holder engage¬ment (citizens, interest groups), and tive concepts are Transit-Oriented Development the governance of organisational networks. (TOD), Multimodal corridors, Nodal development, Area-oriented approach and Borrowed Size. 6. Implementation dimension: Implementation drivers for integrated planning 2. Network dimension: Multimodal network Finally, a critical aspect in innovation is the optimization at various spatial scales deploy¬ment and the implementation. Therefore, This dimension aims at the multimodal optimization in NUVit, explicit attention is paid to the implemen- of a transport network in relation to spatial tation of the framework developed. This dimension functions and spatial density. To achieve this, includes making an inventory of implementation different levels of spatial scales are to be taken into issues and drivers in order to tackle implementation consideration at the same time: corridors at (inter) barriers. national level, daily urban systems at metropolitan level and urban mobility at local level. 3. Time dimension: Time linkages and shift to strategy driven planning This dimension aims at linking the planning stages in a full life-cycle. This asks for an examination of 6 6 | Ministerie van IenM in coproductie Ministerie van EZ 7 Noordzee 2050 | Gebiedsagenda | 7 THREE RELEVANT SCALES of GEOGRAPHY Consistently addressing all (geographic) scale levels and the land-use around the multimodal nodes. For – EU Corridor, Daily Urban System, Specific example, the case Rotterdam (ring road) and Location – is fundamental for the proposed Luxembourg (Plateau de Kirchberg) show that the integrative approach. congestion on the main infrastructure can be reduced by interventions on infrastructures on a 1. The scale of the European corridors lower scale and by enhancing other modalities In some TEN-T clusters, traffic is prospected to elsewhere in the regional system. quadruple. This puts a strain on the related transport infrastructures. At the same time such development can result in positive spin-off effects on a local scale. Best-practices show infrastructure can be co-developed with water, climate and spatial quality issues. The traffic within the European corridors puts a lot of pressure on the infrastructure within the regions. The crossing points of international infrastructure, offer chances for logistic and service nodes. The challenge is to embed this programmatic spin off within the existing urban fabric. Duisburg is an example of such an international node within the northwestern European