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Approaching Strategic Sustainable Materials Management

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Approaching Strategic Sustainable Materials Management Appro A AbStrAct ching Str Society’s sustainability challenges related to ma- nable way are lacking. However, the results also terials management have been an area of concern include examples from companies that have suc- ApproAching StrAtegic SuStAinAble for policymakers, industry and the public for deca- cessfully developed pro-active strategies towards A des. However, if those challenges are managed in sustainable materials management. They have ap- tegic Su MAteriAlS MAnAgeMent a strategic way, they could also bring in new opp- proached this through, e.g., managing materials in ortunity for companies and other organizations to closed technical loops, enabling material substitu- improve their competitiveness through developing tion through value chain collaboration and reducing S t product-service systems that promote sustainable material flows through new and innovative design. A in development of society. Most importantly, they have assessed actions not A The overall aim of this thesis is to explore how only regarding their potential to reduce a selection ble M a framework for strategic sustainable development of current socio-ecological impacts but also regar- A (FSSD) can support the development and design of ding their potential to link to forthcoming actions teri sustainable materials management strategies in pro- towards the full scope of socio-ecological sustaina- A duct innovation. This is achieved by four studies in- bility. Through this approach, they have found se- l Pia Lindahl S vestigating how sustainability considerations are, or veral ways by which materials with characteristics M A could be, integrated in decisions regarding materi- that are commonly considered problematic can be n A als selection. The studies are informed by the FSSD, managed by making strategic use of some of these ge Maxwell’s model for qualitative research design and characteristics and other characteristics of the ma- M the design research methodology. The first study is a terials. ent theoretical discussion which provides a basis for the The results highlight the possibility of enabling following three exploratory studies. The exploratory sustainable materials management practices by studies have, through literature reviews and semi- using a strategic sustainability perspective in combi- structured interviews, investigated general sustaina- nation with material characteristics knowledge and bility considerations in companies, compared the that a static division of “sustainable” vs. “unsustai- strategic potential of product improvement strate- nable” materials (e.g., through lists of forbidden and gies and investigated what considerations that are in allowed materials) is not necessarily rational. More focus and what types of solutions that are revealed subtle considerations are needed. By not applying when companies apply a strategic sustainability per- a strategic sustainability perspective to materials spective to materials management. management, organizations risk using “sustaina- The studies have shown that decisions regarding ble” materials in unsustainable ways or phasing out materials management often are based on compli- “unsustainable” materials that, managed differently, ance with legislation and on avoiding substances could be helpful for sustainable development. Deve- with “problematic” characteristics (such as toxicity, loping decision support for materials management persistency, etc.), and that decision support regar- that integrates this new way of thinking will be the ding how materials could be managed in a sustai- focus of future work. Pia Lindahl Blekinge Institute of Technology Licentiate Dissertation Series No. 2013:04 2013:04 2013:04 ISSN 1650-2140 School of Engineering 2013:04 ISBN: 978-91-7295-255-3 Approaching Strategic Sustainable Materials Management Pia Lindahl Blekinge Institute of Technology licentiate dissertation series No 2013:04 Approaching Strategic Sustainable Materials Management Pia Lindahl Licentiate Dissertation in Mechanical Engineering School of Engineering Blekinge Institute of Technology SWEDEN 2013 Pia Lindahl School of Engineering Publisher: Blekinge Institute of Technology, SE-371 79 Karlskrona, Sweden Printed by Printfabriken, Karlskrona, Sweden 2013 ISBN: 978-91-7295-255-3 ISSN 1650-2140 urn:nbn:se:bth-00556 Acknowledgements This work was carried out at the Department of Mechanical Engineering and the Department of Strategic Sustainable Development, School of Engineering, Blekinge Institute of Technology (BTH), Karlskrona, Sweden, under the supervision of Professor Göran Broman, Professor Karl-Henrik Robèrt and Dr. Henrik Ny. I would like to express my gratitude to you for giving me new perspectives on sustainable development through your support and our discussions and dialogues. In my day to day work, both students and colleges at BTH are of great importance for creating a learning atmosphere. Many thanks for interesting dialogues, reflections and for questioning the “truth”. Much of this work has been carried out in collaboration between BTH and the following companies: Auralight, Dynapac, Roxtec, Stena Metall, Volvo Aero, and Volvo 3P. I gratefully appreciate the time and expertise these companies have contributed. I also gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Swedish Agency for Economic and Regional Growth (tillväxtverket), the Swedish Energy Agency, the Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems (VINNOVA), the Swedish Knowledge Foundation (KKS), the Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Science and Spatial Planing (FORMAS), and the Faculty Board of BTH. Finally, Pär, David and Felicia – without your support this journey would not have been possible! Karlskrona, Sweden, 2013 Pia Lindahl iii iv Abstract Society’s sustainability challenges related to materials manage- ment have been an area of concern for policymakers, industry and the public for decades. However, if those challenges are managed in a strategic way, they could also bring in new opportunity for companies and other organizations to improve their competitiveness through developing product-service systems that promote sustainable development of society. The overall aim of this thesis is to explore how a framework for strategic sustainable development (FSSD) can support the development and design of sustainable materials management strategies in product innovation. This is achieved by four studies investigating how sustainability considerations are, or could be, integrated in decisions regarding materials selection. The studies are informed by the FSSD, Maxwell’s model for qualitative research design and the design research methodology. The first study is a theoretical discussion which provides a basis for the following three exploratory studies. The exploratory studies have, through literature reviews and semi-structured interviews, investigated general sustainability considerations in companies, compared the strategic potential of product improvement strategies and investigated what considerations that come into focus and what types of solutions that are revealed when companies apply a strategic sustainability perspective to materials management. The studies have shown that decisions regarding materials management often are based on compliance with legislation and on avoiding substances with “problematic” characteristics (such as toxicity, persistency, etc.), and that decision support regarding how materials could be managed in a sustainable way are lacking. However, the results also include examples from companies that have successfully developed pro-active strategies towards sustainable materials management. They have approached this through, e.g., managing materials in closed technical loops, enabling material substitution through value chain collaboration and reducing material flows through new and innovative design. Most importantly, they have assessed actions not only regarding their potential to reduce a selection of current socio-ecological impacts but also regarding their potential to link to forthcoming actions towards the full scope of socio-ecological sustainability. Through this approach, they have found several ways through which v materials with characteristics that are commonly considered problematic can be managed by making strategic use of some of these characteristics and other characteristics of the materials. The results highlight the possibility of enabling sustainable materials management practices by using a strategic sustainability perspective in combination with material characteristics knowledge and that a static division of “sustainable” vs. “unsustainable” materials (e.g., through lists of forbidden and allowed materials) is not necessarily rational. More subtle considerations are needed. By not applying a strategic sustainability perspective to materials management, organizations risk using “sustainable” materials in unsustainable ways or phasing out “unsustainable” materials that, managed differently, could be helpful for sustainable development. Developing decision support for materials management that integrates this new way of thinking will be the focus of future work. Keywords: Material Selection, Strategic Sustainable Development, Sustainable Materials Management. vi Thesis Disposition This thesis includes an introductory part and the following papers. The papers have been slightly reformatted from their original publication to fit the format of this thesis, but the content is unchanged. Paper A Ny, H., A. W. Thompson, P. Lindahl, G.
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