PAGE PAGE NOTES OF THE WEEK. . 169 READERSAND WRITERS.By R.H. C. . . 181 CURRENTCANT . . 171 VIEWS AND REVIEWS: BUILDINGON SHAND.By FOREIGNAFFAIRS. By S. Verdad . . 172 A. E. R. . . 182 TOWARDS NATIONAL GUILDS. By “National Guildsmen” 173 THE EASYSCHOOL OF PLAYWRITING. By Charles . - McEvoy 183 INDUSTRIAL UNIONISMAND THE GUILDSYSTEM. By . . RECENTVERSE. By C. E. Bechhofer 183 G. D. H. Cole and W. Mellor . * 174 . . THE NATIONALISTVOLUNTEERS. By L. G. Red- PASTICHE. By T. K. L., W. J. T., C. E. Bech- mond Howard . * 175 Stafford John hofer, . . 185 GOD HELP GOD! By CharlesBrookfarmer . . 176 LETTERSTO THE EDITORFROM R. B. Kerr,Mary DEMOCRACYIN ESSE AT HOLLANDPARK. By Elizabeth de Carlton, E. J. Moynihan, W. R., Walter Sickert . 177 P. C. Hoffmann, C. F. Dixon-Johnson, A. DRAMA.By FrancisJohnHope . . 178 H. Hilmy,Theognis, Carl Eric, M. D. Eder, THROUGHARID GREECETO THE GREENISLE OF B., FelixElderly, Harold Gilman, Hugh CORFU. By RichardCurle . * 179 Blaker, Arifiglio . . 187 ~- NOTES THE WEEK. Fromone point of view, of course,these men were OF autocrats; they did each what seemed right in E’his own Too much value must not be attributed to the apparent eyes. But from another point of view-a truerpoint of unanimity with which the Railwaymen’s officials carried view-each was for the time being and relatively to the most of theirresolutions at the recentCongress at circumstances, a genuineDemocrat, since the will of Swansea. Long practice has made the control of meet- each was found consenting with the hearts of all. Can ings comparatively easy to the wirepullers, and much of we saythat any of theexisting Trade Unionleaders thebusiness isconducted almost automatically. The (save, perhaps, Mr. Tom Mannin his ‘best days)is a decision, a fortnight ago, however, of the Miners’ Exe- man of thisstamp, a Democrat of thishigh temper? cutive to press for the abolition of the Three Shift Sys- Mr. Thomas is certainly not one of the kind, nor has tem should put us onour guard against accepting a the Railwaymen’s Union a man of the kind among their unanimous Executive or even a unanimous Congress as officials. Butthis only supports our forecast that not necessarily representative of therank and file. In that much will happen as the result of the large campaign instance, as we know,it was only afterthe rank and now being undertaken. file of the miners had sought outside their officials for *** a spokesman that the officials acted; and then more in Onephrase alone in Mr. Thomas’sremarks atthe pique, we believe, thanin good faith. The same, we Congressindicated that he had any notion of public have no doubt, will prove .true in a certain measure of responsibility. We havesaid many times that in view the resolutions dutifully registered by the railway dele- of thetremendous power nowpossessed by thebig gates at Swansea. Of nearly a thousand branches, ac- Unions, it behoves their leaders to place before them- cording to Mr. Thomas, nearlya thousand supported selves a national as well as a sectional good. It ,is con- theproposals of theExecutive and,-in particular their trary to public policy that an association of a million absurd programme.But wait untilNovember comes men should be allowed to hold up society for their own round andthe reality of the men’s support of their interests exclusively. They must show us that their Executive is put to t xe test. We do not say that there gain will notbe our national loss ; they must prove will be any active disloyalty; but we are certain there to us that in seizing their new rights they are seizing will be a gooddeal of passivedisloyalty. The wills of new responsibilities with them. Otherwise the situation men simply cannotbe finessed or trickedinto active is one of anarchy merely. It appears that Mr. Thomas consent. The wirepullersmay succeed as theyusually and his colleagues have taken the letter of this law and do when nothingmuch depends upon it;but not all made a fetish of it, for they talked of responsibility with their engines will save them from disaster in the time of much unction but with the most pitiful understanding. peril. What is the resposibility it is apparent theyhave in ‘Y * * theirminds? Not, believe us,the responsibility of In reporting the results of the branch voting on the striking a blow for theredemption of theworking Executive’s programme and in adding that “the great classeswith the immense power theyhave now accu- object of the Executive was to meet the overwhelming mulated ; But the responsibility of keeping the present mass of opinion of the rank and file,” Mr. Thomas no peace ! Yes, that is it precisely. Having obtained their doubt believed himself to be planted with both feet upon power and having obtained it, as we affirm, solely for the rock of democracy. But that is not at allour idea the purpose of serving society by delivering at least one

of acomplete ’ democracy,for leaders to allowthem- section of theproletariat from the degraded status of selves to be pushed ! Their business is something more wagery,they are now too timid to use the powerfor thanto await the pressure from behind of theover- thatpurpose, and talk instead of responsibility. Why, whelmingmass of their Union’s opinion, and then what would have been said of Napoleon or Lincoln or cautiously to shuffle a step- or two forward ; their busi- Cromwell, if, having prayed for popular power and been ness is to divine the will of the overwhelming mass of given it, they had straightway begun to make terms of their members and in its strength to leadthem where surrender with the enemy? Yet in talking of responsi- they want to go. Consider, for example, what kind of bilityin theirsense of theword, the Railwaymen’s a democratLincoln o’r Cromwell or Napoleon would leaders are guilty of just this moral feebleness. We re- have been, each to have waited to be pushed into action. peatthat their power does indeed carrywith it a re- 170 sponsibility ; but a responsibilityfor employing it for continued (chiefly by our readers,for the present), by the use for which it was designed ; and since that use, the time of the next Congress the foregoing resolution in our judgment, is no other than to lift a section of the will be widened in its scope to admit of a demand for proletariat out of wage-slavery (to the enormous relief directorialcontrol sans phrase. That, and that alone, of mind of the public at large), its use for anylesser will mark the beginning of the end of the wage-system. purpose is a diversion and a prostitution. +** +** Mr. Harold Cox on the need for popular instruction “Step by step,”said Mr. Thomas, “stage by stage in economics is a stale joke. The man himself has no . . . weshall have done something practical by means grasp whatever of the subject; for who does not now of our programme for the emancipation of the workers realise that while labourremains in the category of as a whole.” Would that we could believe it ! Would commodities wages can never rise is by confession an that we could, as economists,allow ourselves to be- obsoleteeconomist. But not only canwages never lieve it ! But, as wehave beforepointed out,there rise under the wage-system, but they will continue re- is not an item on the programme now adopted by the latively to fall, with the effect that step by step, stage Union that will emancipate by a single step or a single by stage, as Mr. Thomas would say, the wage-system stage a singlerailwayman, let alone “theworkers as will fail to beable to provide even the means of sub- a whole.” Suppose even what is most improbable, that sistence of theproletariat. What, therefore, we are everydemand of theprogramme is conceded by the likely to see is the abolition of the wage-system by one Companies-where, in the first place, is the emancipa- means or another; by the capitalists acting through the tion of therailwaymen, and where,in the second,is machinery of the State, if the present drift continues ; theemancipation of the rest of the workers? Though or by Labour acting through blackleg-proof Unions if conceivably receiving more wages per week and enjoy- the present drift can be diverted. Now we do not say ing a littlemore leisure, the railwaymen will remain that Capital is more awareof the decision before it than exactly what they are to-day, men whose wills are under Labour is. On the contrary, there are among capitalists the direction of others.They will beno more free, thetwo parties of Progressivismand Conservatism no moreindependent, no more manly for selling their exactly as there are in the Labour movement; and of birthrightfor thirty rather than for twenty pieces of these two it is now one and now the other that makes silver a week. Responsibility will still be denied them ; its voice heard. For example, there is no doubt whatever they will be no more able than now to take a pride in in our minds that, with all his cant of philanthropy, Mr. their work or to feel within themselves that it is by free Lloyd George belongs definitely and consciously to the choice they are wherethey are. Inshort, they will party of Progressive Capitalism. Whatmust betheir remain what they are, wage-slaves with not a step taken aim but to nationalise labour at its source, and what are nor a stage overpassed towards emancipation. And for the sources of labour but maternity and children? And therest of theworkers, what of them?Let us sup- thenturn to Mr.Lloyd George’s speech of Saturday pose that the cost to the Companies of the concessions last, and note how he declared that “we mean to extend now being demanded amounts to the estimated sum of the guardianship of the State over the children of the eight millionsper annum.It isnot an over-estimate, land.”The guardianship of the State-why notsay we believe, and thirteen millions is said to be nearer the virtualownership and done with it? ?’he children of mark. But eight or eighty, the money must come from the land-why not define themas the children of the somewhere; and an interviewin the “Star” with the non-income-tax-payingclasses, fo’r no othershad Mr. managingdirector of the New TransportCompany LloydGeorge in mind.? It is plain enough,we think, statesthe only threepossible sources. Theyare the what Mr.Lloyd George is after-the carryingout of tradingand travelling public; the shareholders ; and the first item of the Progressive Capitalists’ programme economies ! Nowone of these we may strikeout as -the nationalisation of the supply of labour. So much theoreticallypossible only ; fornot even the Railway- for theadvanced school; but, as wehave said, there men’s leaders would count on the sacrifice of the share- is the backward school of capitalism to which Mr. J. J. holders. Thereremain, therefore, the public andthe Hill, of whoserecent speech the“Times” last week staff-which of these is it to be who will bear the brunt made a feature, undoubtedlybelongs. Discussing the of theincreased costs of labour ? Take yourchoice, chances of England in the coming race for the posses- for the end will be the same. If the trading and travel- sion of the world market, Mr. Hillremarked that lingpublic haverates raised against them, the prices England had tiedher hands byallowing trade unions of commodities will rise. If, on the other hand, econo- to fix wages and by subsidising the workers out of the mies such as the Transport Company’s manager recom- taxation of the rich. This opinion, itmay be noted, mends are adopted, the railway staff can be reduced by proved to be popular amongst the City men who read aconsiderable percentage. And who, asthe finalre- the “Times” Financial Supplement ; but we venture to sult, will be the better off? say that they will not hold it much longer. For, in the ## # first place, it is impossible to contend successfully that The abolition of the “twicer” or dual office-holder in trade unionshave more than amicroscopic influence the Union was proposed, it appears, and rejected. But upon wages ; and, in the secondplace, it will shortly this again need cause no surprise, for of the delegates dawn upon the stupidest capitalist that in proportion as present an easy majority in all probability had their eye the State subsidises Labour, the State will control and on a public as well as upon a Union career. Is it likely eventuallyown Labour. Thenit will appear readily that, whatever the opinion of their rank and file, these enoughthat all the taxation now being wrungfrom mewing M.P.’s and J.P.’s would close the avenue down Capital to support Labour is in the ultimate interest of which they hope to march to glory? On the other hand, Capital. the resolution was unanimously adopted that embodied *** aprinciple we have longadvocated, that of Union But even the Government are much divided upon the control of its industry. The nationalisation of the rail- subject; for while with the hand of Mr. Lloyd George ways,says the resolution, would notbe acceptable to they are subsidising wages right and left, with the hand the Union unless it allowed to Labour “a due measure of Mr. Burns and of his successor at the Local Govern- of control and responsibilityin thesafe and efficient mentBoard they are attempting to stemthe stream. working of the system.” This, to be sure, is something Mr. Herbert Samuelin the last debate upon State Hous- -rather mild and humble ; for even the existing com- ingdrew an analogybetween Stategrants for cheap panies, we believe, would be quite willing to accept the cottagesand the 01.d poor-law grants in relief of low co-operation of the Union in preventing accidents pro- wages ; and he denounced one with the other. But this vided that no directorial control was insisted upon. But is to strain at the gnat and swallow the camel ; for a it is a beginning, and as such of historic if not of imme- Government that at thismoment gives back in State diateimportance; above all,it will grow.If only the services to the proletariatfifty per cent. more value than propaganda now in itsopening phase is vigorously it receives in taxation from thesame class is already 171 subsidising wages by that amount, and proportionately pauperisingthe workers. Professor Pigou, however, Current Cant. that most sinister apologist for Progressive Capitalism, “Mr. Wyndham Lewis is one of the greatest masters of takes up Mr. Samuel on a split hair and argues that a designyet born inthe occident.”-EZRA POUNDin the grant in aid of cheap cottages is not a subsidy for low “Egoist.” wages, since itdoes not act differentially. What on earth has this academic distinction to do with the real “Marinettiis a romantic, not a realiSt.”-WYNDHAM facts? Granted that it is the case that cottages rented LEWISin the “New Weekly.” at less than their economic rent do not differentiate the idle from the hard worker and thus do not penalise the idle at the expense of the efficient, it is nevertheless true “Rest means a stop to progresS.”-MR. MARINETTI. that by so much as the rent is lower than competition would fix it, by so much is the workman subsidised and “Iron economic laws are tending to purify advertising.” enabled to accept a lower wagethan his needs other- --“Review of Reviews.” wise woulddemand. Inshort, a subsidywhether in- dividually or collectively received,is in the end a sub- “He who accepts democracy must accept advertising.” sidy of low wages; and no minute distinctions are worth -DR. MAX NORDAU. considering either pro or con. *** “How to get rid of grey hair-“Clarion” ADVERT. The Unionist Committee on Industrial Unrest is mm- posed of amiable persons with a sincere desire, we be- “Twice this week the Labour Party has scored a vic- lieve, tobring peace intoindustry. But their Report tory . . .”-“Daily Citizen.” just published shows signs neither of much courage nor of muchintelligence. Itis reallylamentable thatat voluntaryCommittee of students “Wemust destroy the injustice tothe rich.”-“The thistime of day a Spur.” should take up the subject of the Industrial Unrest and make no mentionin their Report of the failure of the “For the future I will read the advertisement column wage-system or of the devicesnow everywhere being more carefully, there is good reading in it.”--“The Lon- discussedin Labour circles forabolishing the wage- doner.” system. Whatis the need for all this self-deception, for all this refusing to face facts? It is the plainest of “Mrs. Besant dares to do in India what no other may truthsthat industrial unrest exists because wagesare .do. . . Mrs. Besant loves to do new things.”-L. HADEN going down ; and it is the plainestof theories that wages GUEST. mustcontinue to decline while thewage-system re- mains. Surelyaperception of thesethings maybe “Traditionspells stupidity.”-REV. NICOL, CROSS. attributed to the Labour movement-and what need to look further for the origin of the unrest? The Unionist “Individual selection has become not only a fine, but a Committee,however, contemplating these factsat a necessary art.”--“The Bystander.” discreet, unheroic distance, contents itself with suggest- ing that “it is necessary that employers should abandon the principle of buying Labour in the cheapest market.” “All who place their country before their party should Why, unless thewage-system itself fails topay suffi- read the ‘Globe’ every evening.”-‘‘Tke Globe.” cient wagesand thus stands condemned? And why, again,suppose that aplea ad misericordiamis going “Candidates for divinity degrees at Cambridge should, to influence employers as awhole? To ask employers itis proposed, be required to give evidence of a com- engaged in competition with the whole world voluntarily petent general knowlelge of Christian Theology.”-“The to pay more for their Labour power than they need pay Times.” orthan their competitors pay isto ask a sacrifice of them that not one of the Unionist Committee would be “Lord Northcliffe, the man above all men now living in prepared to make. thiscountry whose genius for gaugingthe intellectual *** needs of the greatest number . . .”-HOLBROOKJACKSON. Of the detailed suggestions for dealing with the situa- “There is nothing more valuable in the recent literature tion we have not much patience to write. Firstly, they of politics thanthe series of Reportsprepared by the are scarcely to be distinguished from the practical pro- Unionist Social Reform Committee.”-“Pall Mall gramme already under adoption by Liberal politicians. Gazette.” Except for the suggestion of a new Royal Commission on FactoryInspection, indeed,we do not believe the “If one is to reveal oneself, it must be in one vomitory Report contains a single idea that has not already lost spasm, with little thought of art or risk.”-JOHN O’LON- the name of its author and become a common piece of DON. political tinkering. The principle of the Minimum Wage,for example,enforced by means of Trade “Englandexpects that every man, woman and child Boards-was it worth the while of the Unionist Com- should learn Cinema acting. ”-“The Picturegoer. “ mittee to wastehours of golf to formulate itanew? Compulsory investigation of trade disputes, government “ ‘Pygmalion’ . . . provides acapital evening’s enter- action againstcasual and blind-alley occupations, en- tainment. ”--“Daily Telegraph.” couragement of voluntaryagreement, etc., etc.-these are all the commonplaces of the tract, the hustings and theGovernment departments. Secondly,they are in “The effect of an ordinarypicturehouse programme theirtotality no more thanshoe-strings wherecables undoubtedly tends to the improvement of general know- ledge.”-GLENN H. HARRIS. at least would be needed. Itis allvery well in these days of comparatively good trade to deviseflimsy schemes for securing industrial peace ; but evil days are “Mr. Fred Rodger, who was the Temperance Legislation certain to come and are already within the apprehension League’s DistrictOrganising Secretary for Lancashire, resignedhis position a short time ago A promising of the most far-sighted statesmen. What, we ask,will opening occurring . . . he is now associated with an up-to- be thevalue then of all theitems, singly and collec- date Picture Palace in Welsh Hartlepool, where he feels tively, on the Unionist programme? Being fair-weather that he is doing something on practical lines in the dire- precautionsonly, they will assuredlyfail the Unionist tion of providing a counter-attraction to the public- Party in theapproaching storms. house.”-“Temperance Legislation League. ” 172

Constantinople versionalleges, when the two found.themselves Foreign Affairs. together in thecircumstances already described. But S. even if the Turks do drive the Greek elements out of By Verdad. theEmpire they will bethemselves under the yoke As Istated in my article of last week,the real cause of other alien elements which cannot be driven out by of the tensionbetween Turkeyand Greeceis tobe thesword or by pillageand massacre. Turkey has soughtin the existence, and the approaching comple- alreadybeen apportioned, for all practical purposes, tion, of the two Turkish Dreadnoughts, originally built amongthe great financial interests of Europe. for a South American Power and afterwards bought by *It* Turkey while stillunder construction. 'These two war- From time to timeI have mentioned theseconces- ships are practicallyready, and, unless war definitely sions,and even specified some of them in detail. The breaksout, they are expected to leaveBritish waters Bagdad Railway Company alone has a whole series of for Turkey early in July. An outbreak of war gives this subsidiaryconcessions, such as permission to build Government the power to hold the ships up until hostili- waterworks, construct harbours, erect storehouses, and ties are over(otherwise we shouldnot be acting as so on. Franceand England have asserted their com- neutrals) but unless there is an actual state of war we mercial claims and had them confirmed where necessary. have no power to keep the vessels here. TheAustrians have not been far behind the Ger- *** mans,and even theItalians have had their little rail- That Greece keenly feels this is shown by the urgent wayconcession just to keep them in the running with requests addressed by her Minister here, M. Gennadius, theirgreater neighbours. Turkey may drive out as to the Foreign Office; for it is fully realised that once many Ottoman Greeks as she likes ; but the destinies the Turkish Navy is strengthened by two Dreadnoughts of the Empire will continue to be swayed by rises and the command of the Aegean passes from the hands of fallson the London, Paris andBerlin bourses. Greece intothe hands of theTurks. As I havesaid, * <+ x. however,unless waractually breaks out our Govern- Itis surprising enough, whenwe come to consider ment hasno powerwhatever to insist thatthe ships even thebare outlines of Turkish financialquestions, shallremain here pending a possible settlement of the toknow that the disputes which followed the second disputebetween Greece and Turkey by purely diplo- Balkan war have not yet been settled in Paris. Indeed, matic methods. the Balkan Financial Commission, which was appointed **a for this express purpose, should have shown some signs Whatis the issue? It is felt thatthere are two of coming toits senseslong before now. This Com- answers to this question. If Greece intends to insist on mission, let us recollect, was first formed when the war war, so as tomake sure that the Turkish battleships between the Allies andTurkey came to an end; and shall remain with us until the power of the Ottoman is its specific duty was to discuss the financialquestions entirely at an end in the Near East, it is obvious that arising out of the Balkan war-the first and, shall we any pretext will be good enough for a declaration. The say, official war. A fewsittings were held at the end alleged pretext is one that could quite easily be decided of May and early ih June, 1913; and then the outbreak by means of diplomatic negotiation. The Greeks allege of war among the Allies brought its proceedings to a that, presumably by way of revenge, and with the ob- sudden conclusion. A few attemptswere made later jetct of making sure that the Ottoman Empire in its new in theyear to setabout the work, but the political, formshall not be weakened by foreignelements, the social, and economicsituation of all thecountries TurkishGovernment has instigated, or at leasten- affected was in such a chaotic state that it was found couraged and connived at, a general expulsion of Otto- useless to attempt anything. man Greeks from Asia Minor and the small portion of *** territorystill remaining to Turkey in Europe.The A week or two ago, I now understand, France took number of men,women, and children expelled-with the lead in asking the Governments of Bulgaria, Servia, thecustomary hardships and pillage-is stated tto be and Greece whether it would be possible to resume the about a quarter of a million. The Greeks demand, offi- discussions whichwere interruptedlast summer. The cially, that these persecutions shall cease, that the Otto- replieshave been favourable,on the whole ; but no man Government shall indemnify the sufferers, and that furthersittings have yet been reported,and it is not it shall guarantee that such outrages shall not recur. likely thatany will be held forsome little time. The *** chief questions forthis ad hocCommission to decide TheTurkish Government's version has also been are :- made known. Itstates that the troublearose, inthe (I) The transfer of a portion (if any) of the Turkish first place, because morethan 300,000 Moslems were Public Debt to the already existing Public Debts of the driven from the territories newly acquired by Greece- Balkan States concerned in the war. driven fromthem, too, with great crueltyand priva- (2) The guarantees (if any) to be given by the States tion. These Moslem refugeesspread along the coast, takingover the Debt for the service and ultimate re- and,in their bitterness of heart,attacked suchGreek demption of the liability thustransferred. villages as theycame across. ThePorte states-that it (3) The position of thoseconcessionaires who are hasstriven successfully to restrainthe almost inevit- now underthe jurisdiction of theBalkan States, able conflicts, which are now at an end. Thesugges- althoughthey obtained their concessionsfrom Turkey tion is further made that an interchange of views would in the first place. settle the problem, as the lands in both countries could (4) The payment of a war indemnity (if any) by Tur- be made over to the refugees which have now arrived in key to the Allied States. each.Apparently theGreek Government continues to *** demur tothis proposal because theTurkish Govern- Last year, as I stated. at the time, the Balkan States ment hasnot given the required guaranteethat such undertook to become liable for a portion of the Turkish incidents shall cease. *** Public Debt only on condition that a war indemnity was paid.As anywar indemnitypaid by Turkey would The Greekversion of this incident failsto take ac- have had to come out of the pockets of French finan- count of one feature of the new- situation in the Near ciers, the Powers were unable to meet the views of the East which even theTurkish Press appears to have Balkan States on this point. I understand that Russia, neglected. It may be thedesire of the Turks to drive at first inclined tosupport the Balkan countries, has all the alienelements out of the Ottoman Empire, now decided that it would be impolitic to ask Turkey thoughthis is very doubtful. Itis muchmore likely formoney. The financial situation of Turkey, indeed, that the racial bitterness which has always shown itself is so verybad that a war indemnity isout of the between Turk and Greek broke out, as the Constanti- question. 173

We take the liberty of quoting the concluding passage Towards National Guilds, from the “Nation’s’’ review. Except for the admission of the continued existence of Capital “eventually,” we THE “Nation” believes it has discovered in our scheme accept it as a reasonable forecast of the course of com- of National Guilds an admission that“knocks the bottomout of thelabour-time basis of exchange.” ing events. “For how,” it asks, “is it conceivable that Guilds em- The real significance 01 such a book lies in the growing powered ‘to decideby democratic suffrage what hours recognition thatin any satisfactoryreconstruction of industrialism the workers engaged in the several processes shall be worked and generallythe conditions of em- shall be directly represented in. the control. The persons ployment’ should adjudicate between the delicate claims who supply the labour, as well as those who supply the of groups of speciallyskilled workers or managers to capital, must be reckoned “owners” of the business, and receive higherrates of pay thanthose which the that joint-ownershipmust carry with it not merely majority of thevoters get?” Well, we werenot sup- security of tenure, but a due participation of the product. posing either that the members of the Guild would be Slowly and irregularly both public opinion and the course fools or that the laws of supply and demand would be of events are moving in this direction. The demand for a decent minimumsubsistence wage and for security of suspended. The commonsense of the Guildwould employment, which tradeunionism and public policy weigh up the relative values of the duties performed by are alike supporting, is a first stage in the march towards variousgroups and scale their payment accordingly. this new order. Direct co-operation between theState And even if commonequity did not suggestthis, the and the rival organisations of Capital and Labour for pro- relativescarcity of great skill ororganising ability moting and carrying out agreements is the second stage, would quickly set matters right. that on which we arejust entering. As Capitaland Labour in the several trades become more fully organised **+ for such work, the hand of the State must be more firmly pressed, so as to secure the public against the dangers of “A long series of experiments disposes of the feasi- excessive prices, and other abuses of monopoly likely to bility of theself-governing workshop or factory, and arise from combinations of Capital and Labour in strong thereis no reason to hopefor any larger measure of trades,such as mining and transport. Eventually, some successfor similar experiments upon alarger scale.” reasonable balance of the interests of Capital, Labour and But, in the first place, no such long series known to us the Consumer may be found in a re-arrangement of busi- has everdisposed of the feasibility of thesmaller ness structurein which each of thesehighly interested partieshas a proper place. But if thesestructures take scheme; and, in the second place, the larger scheme is the shape of National Guilds, the nation in its political of an entirelydifferent character.The experimental organisation will claim to be directly represented and to small workshops of the past existed in the midst of com- exercise a casting vote in all decisions that affect the well- petitiveindustry ; theirsuccess was emphatically the being of the community. interest of nobody but themselves ; in short, they were *** surrounded by enemies. TheNational Guilds, on the otherhand, have a national monopoly of their trade; Of matter for comment in the review of the book ap- their success is a matter of universal concern ; the whole pearing in the“Saturday Review” thereis little. In of society would conspire with them. planning a return to the conception of society as a vital *** organism we forget, it appears, that that idea implied religion andauthority. “Where,” we are asked, “in Inthe appendix ofMr. Henry Lascelles on the for- themodern secular and Democratic State, does the mation of aRailway Guild thewriter expressly stipu- majority get its permission from to school and dragoon lates that the appointments must continue to be made theminority?” Well, where? we echo ; forit does fromabove and that the management must have a getfromit somewhere evenin theseirreligious reasonably freehand. This, says the “Nation,” con- days. We suggestgetsauthoritythatits it serves “the very bureaucratic methods which belong to fromthesame idea as of old,theidea of capitalismand the State.” We mayremark, first of the conception of. society as a vital organism ; and from all, that Mr. Lascelles’recommendation of appoint- no other. That we nolonger call the idea religiousis mentsfrom above was expressly confined tothe nothing against it. An idea does not cease to have the formatory phase of a Railway Guild. When the Guild efficacy of religion because it ceases to bear the name is inbeing more democratic methods might, and of religion. Apropos ; it is frequently urged against the probablywould, be employed. Secondly, a reasonably propaganda of National Guilds that itis beginningat the freehand in management is exactly what it purports wrong end, the right end being a national religious re- to be-a reasonably freehand. If we areto assume vival. Butsurely while the fire fromheaven is being thatthe Guild members will beunreasonable, then kindled we may build our altar ! We do notstand in strait waistcoats must be our only wear ! Thirdly, our the wayof a national religious revival. Onthe con- objection to present bureaucracy is neither to its exist- trary, by recommending corporate nationality in indus- ence norto its methods,but to its divorce fromits trial affairs where now prevails individualism, we con- industryin the matter of its object and personnel. tendwe are doing the rough preliminary work of a Bureaucracy has a bad name, but it does not deserve to nationalreligious revival. Let them do the fine work be hung on that account.Assuming a democratically who best can. elected Guild management with a reasonably free hand, *** its methods might be bureaucratic, but its object being common with that of the Guild and its personnel being “There is to be no metallic currency, only barter or composed of Guildsmen, the evil associations of a capi- exchange of paperguilders. . . . How foreign bourses talist bureaucracy would tend to disappear. will regardthese unsubstantial assignats is not ex, plained.” And need notbe to anybodywho under- *** standseven the present system of foreignexchange, “A State bereft of all industrial functions, though de- ‘ ‘If they (the saving members) may lend their savings pendent for the whole of its finance upon the produce of to the Guild, interestand dividends are back again.” industry, would notbe a State.”But as. againstits Why, if no interest is paid? “At present the ‘only way sub-letting of industrialfunctions tothe Guildsby out from the wage system’ is the door leading to the charter,the State reserves to itself thefull control of workhouse.”Inspired common sense. We agree with what we have called State Guilds and the effective con- that “at present” ; for the present way out of the wage- trol of the Civil Guilds. Since the functions discharged systemis leading to theestablishment of the Servile by these areat least as necessary tothe Industrial State with the regimentation of the proletariat for the Guilds as the functions of the latter to the former, the use of profiteers.But it isprecisely to divert our power of the State is not “nugatory.” We have, how- country from that way out that we have offered our sug- ever, discussed the point in our previous Notes. gestion of another way. NATIONALGUILDSMEN. 174

come about,not through the voluntary concession of Industrial Unionism and the suchpowers by theState, and still less through the “setting-up of Guilds by the State,” but as the result Guild System. of thepersistent demands of the Trade Unionsthem- By Cole and Mellor. selves.Only by theimpetus of theirown intelligence C. D. H, W. and economic power can the workers pass from the era No one who has any claim to speak with authority in of collective bargaining to the era of collective control, the Trade Union world now questions the need for the to Guild-Socialism from the wage-system. mostextensive amalgamation of Unions that can pos- If, then, the workers are to demand control from the sibly be secured. The Industrial Unionists have fought Stateor from the employers,they must build upan and won theirbattle against “craft” Unionism : they organisation capable of assuming control. Clearly such have proved conclusively that the Unions cannot be an a body must be “industrial” in structure. All workers effective fightingforce under or against the wage in or aboutmines must be in the Miners’Union, the system unless they copy the organisation of production wholepersonnel of thecotton mills must bein the itself, and include as nearly as possibleall workers in Unionof the Cotton Industry. Abody consisting of a few great Unionscovering each anentire industry. clerks or mechanics or labourers drawn from a number The “occupational” and the “craft” basis of organisa- of different industries can never demand or assume the tion have been shown to be, in nearly all cases, inade- conduct of industry. It can secure recognition, but not quate for the class struggle, and we are beginning at control. A Postal Workers’ Union or a Railway Union, fast to see, in the case of the National Union of Rail- onthe other hand, can both demand and secure pro- waymen,the power that may be wielded by a great ducers’control. Industrial Union. This is no doubt why not a few Collectivists-many It is, no doubt, natural that the Trade Unionists who of whom are less fools than bureaucrats-have an ex- have led the Industrial Unionist movement have thought ceeding tenderness for the principle of “occupational” more of increasingtheir economicpower in the Unionism. Theyare wont to dwelllovingly on the presentthan of theorganisation of industry in natureof the bond whichbinds fellow-craftsmen to- the future. They fail to see that it is their first ‘business gether; and, whenthey are drivenfrom the advocacy to attackand overthrow capitalism, and that, till our ofold-fashioned craft Unionismby its obvious im- industrialsystem lies in ruins, it is hopeless to think potencein face of moderncapitalism, they fall back of detailed methods of reconstruction. This is certainly upon a “greater occupational unionism,” which unites ashort-sighted view, andit is of thegreatest signi- severalkindred crafts inone Union, but preserves in- ficance that the Guild ideais now taking hold of the tact the occupational or “craft” principle. workers with growingstrength and rapidity. For, Oneinstance will explainthis. Advocates of cmal- when oncethey grasp the central dogma of Guild- gamation on an industrial basis often have thrown in Socialism, they will see that along with the work of de- their faces the Amalgamated Society of Engineers, and struction must go a process of building up, and that the we are told eitherthat this is amalgamation of the new society mustbe developed by theworkers them- rightsort, or that the A.S.E. has failed to eliminate selves out of the materials which the capitalist system such“craft” Unions as thePatternmakers, the Core- affords. makers,and the Ironfounders from the engineering Guildsmen, at any rate, are in no danger of failing to trades,and that, therefore, “craft” Unionismis tight understand this. Theyagree with the Syndicalists in andamalgamation wrong. Whichever is said, the recognising that the Trade Union is the germ of that answeris obvious. The A.S.E. isnot an industrial body which will in the fullness of time assume the an- but an occupational amalgamation. It includesmen of duct of industry. It isimportant that they should go anumber of skilled crafts;but it has neveraimed at further and see clearly that the success of their efforts organising every worker in the engineering industry. It depends on the development of Trade Union structure is a significant fact that it is now beginning to open its inthe near future. GuildSocialists cannot afford to ranks to the less skilled, and that opinion among engi- dismissthis question of structureas being merely a neering workers is clearly setting in the direction of In- problem for experts in industrial action. It does matter, dustrial Unionism. from the point of view of economicreconstruction, no There may be a few classes of workers among whom less than from that of efficiency in the class struggle, it is inevitable that the occupational basis of organisa- that Industrial Unionism should triumph as quickly as tion should for some time survive. Shop assistants form possible. a body apart,who couldhardly be organisedexcept Collectivistswho pretend tobe more or less sym- together; clerks shift easily from industry to industry, pathetic to Guild-Socialism always plead that enlarged and thereforeshould for the present be in a common powersshould begiven to the Trade Union under organisation. Even here, however, the Railway Clerks, Socialism as an“organ of criticism.” They maintain who have now their separate Association, ought obvi- that the Unions, so farfrom losing their importance, ously to befused with the N.U.R. Their employment will remain powerful, and will receive large powers of is comparatively permanent, and they have interests in representationand consultation from theSocialist common with the whole body of railway workers. Apart State. In short, they dream of industry run by a series from them clerks clearly need separate organisation. A of State departments which concede to the Unions, as goodmany general labourers, again, shift easily from bargaining bodies,complete recognition. But, in their industry to industry, and for this reason will probably vision of the future Society, the Trade Union remains, beorganised together, at least until thefar easier so faras control is concerned, alwaysexternal, ad- system of transference from one union to another, which visory, critical. It never assumes control and leaves to Industrial Unionists recommend,becomes effective be- the State the function of advising, criticising and bar- tween the great Unions of the near future. gaining as an external body. All these,however, are exceptions. Inthe main, It isnot necessary or relevant in this article to ex- the structure of Trade Unionism must be industrial, if posethe futility of the Collectivist view. What is im- it is either to serve its purpose of fighting capitalism, portantnow is, to pointout that either of thetwo or to take on its newer and higher function of control. possible bases of Trade Union organisation might con- Out of “occupational”Unionism, however widely its ceivably suffice underCollectivism, thougheven here net is spread, can come only bureaucracy tempered by the “industrial” basis is, from a fighting point of view, recognition : Industrial Unionism will not only serve as by far the more efficient. For the Guild-Socialist there an instrument in the war against the wage system, but isno such choice. He looksforward to a state of will also prepare the workers, whilethey are engaged Society in which the actual conduct of industry will be- in the struggle, for the period of more peaceful activity long to the Guilds, andhe sees clearly that this will which awaits them at its end. 175

Ulster to Home Rule Parliament far more will she hesi- The Nationalist Volunteers. tate to handUlster over to a HomeRule army-for By L, G, Redmond Howard. that is what it means : and it is just here that Mr. Red- mond will find out his mistake. “LE secret de la diplomatie,” say the French, “est de Thereis all the difference in the worldbetween a donner le tort a l’ennemi.” Thesecret of diplomatic small minority, panic-stricken by every pulpit denounc- success is to make your opponent appear in the wrong : ingthe creed as themental poison of theland and and itseems to me that Mr. JohnRedmond’s latest every platform denouncing them as the hereditary foes move is decidedly a score for Sir Edward Carson : in- of the country, arming themselves in resistance, and a deed, it may almost be called the Irish leader’s only mis- huge machineclaiming to betrusted under pain of take, the turning to the old physical force argument at death : itmakes too much of scenesfrom melodrama the fifty-ninth minute past the eleventh hour. wherethe villain makes himself appointedtrustee at For if there is one thing which more than anything the pistol’s mouth. else has won Home Rule it is that spirit of moderation The whole crux of the situation lies in the nature of and self-control on the part of Nationalists which was the concessions to Ulster, and to be real concessions and continually giving the lie to those fears of oppression on true guarantees they must be freely entered into by that the part of Orangemen. partythey are intended to protect,otherwise they are I rememberupon the very day of itsintroduction, no guarantees, : nothing but colossal folly could either when Mr. Asquith had just sat down, the tense atten- accept them or impose them. tion of theHouse and the contrast between the calm The geographical grievance I think has been admir- and almost timid appearance of Mr. Redmond and the ably met by the Government’s willingness to allow any harsh and almost insolent attitude of Sir Edward Car- county to contract itself right out of Home Rule : but son ; and at one moment when the Irish leader was dis- thathaving admitted the grievance by the concession claiming anyintention to lord it overUlster, re-I they should go on to put a time limit, when it is just time member the Orange champion suddenly turning round that will, onthe supposition,increase the grievance, with the words :- passescomprehension, and can only beattributed to “Then will you consent to theexclusion?” Unpre- pressurefrom the Irish Party, not to the intelligence pared for such a request, the ,Nationalist repliedmore of theEnglish Party ; andmoreit than justi- or lessevasively, yet not at all, to my mind,unsym- fies Sir Edward Carson’s phrase, “It is like a capital pathetically;but there the controversy stands to-day sentence with a stay of execution for a term of years” ; exactly where it stood then-though the answer is dif- and certainly no Catholic Bishop having once premised ferent and it is doubtful whether this latest reply in the the danger of Protestant atmosphere in Trinity would shape of armed volunteers is the wiser answer. have entertained such a concession as a six years’ cleri- Mr. Redmond was insistent on that celebrated occa- cal control before absorption into secular management. sion that much as Englishmenmight expect it there The analogy between the logic of Catholic isolation in would be no exuberances such as were exhibited by his matters of education and Presbyterian isolation in mat- : countrymen in the past all extravagances would come, ters of legislation was nevermore complete : granted as they have come, from the other side. And of course the principle of the grievance you cannot dissolve it by it strengthened his position considerably : it gave him time : andany trial and experiment must be followed all the value o’f the “law and order” designation, and byfreedom not compulsion,else thetrial is nothing thereis no doubtthat there is magic in wordsjust more than a farce. as in situations. Many a crime has been perpetuated in thename of liberty : manyan invasion has beenren- I havealready explained on many occasions in THE dered possible by calling it a deliverance, and there was NEW AGE that I do not believe Ulster has anything to always something ludicrous in an army of defence where fear-nay, I believe she has most to gain : but for that no attack was intended. very reason I am so anxious to see her take her place Itwas just preciselybecause JohnRedmond had inDublin with thedignity of freedom. If Catholics double thestrength and double theright to raisean hadthe right to a separateuniversity and “hands of army, and did not, that his constitutional demand wasso Trinity” was conceded, why have not the Protestants a powerful : and it is a thousand pities that merely for the right with “hands of Ulster”?-thereis many a self- sake to a “tu quoque’’ repartee he should have allowed governing colonywith a far smallerpopulation than himself to fall intothe obvious trap which would put Belfast.Isolation as a guaranteeis a practical neces- SirEdward Carson back in theright ; for, raised! sity : isolation as an ideal an utter impossibility : even obviously to prevent the permanent exclusion or free in- Sir Edward Carson admits that. He wishes the Dublin clusion of Ulster, he can point to it as indicative of the Parliament success : he is willing to be won. Surely it spirit in which all legislation will be conducted. is worth the Union to leave the matter open during the It is in my opinion therefore a considerable mistake sixyears’ experiment, forthen it will anbe --;but it is not one which the armies of Nationalism can experiment;but close matterthe beforehand very logically refute. If SirEdward Carson can in- and give six years’ grace and you not only stultify your- timidateParliament by openrebellion then 40 can self, but you render the experiment impossible : and it John Redmond : if a “Liberal” Government is bound to is just against this freedom that the Nationalist Volun- listen to “Orange” agitation a “Unionist” Government teers have been raised. will have to do so when “Nationalists” volunteer. The fact is we hear a great deal too much about the Unfortunately,coming at thepresent moment-and dawn of liberty and the coming of freedom and a great mark you thecuteness of the time, for amonth later deal too little of the advent of difficulties and the neces- it would have been a threat to the King-it ceases to sity of responsibility. Home Rule is far more likely to be to gain Home Rule, but is merely to obtain Ulster by feel likea great burden than a great emancipation- hook or by crook, with the result that it indicates that heavy with complex problems and highly technical ques- very spirit of domination which Ulster so much fears,. tions which will call not for demonstrations of strength Miss Alice French in last week’s “Freeman” writes : or exuberances of enthusiasmbut deep, silent study : Shoulder themusket! There’s rightin the cause, and not the least of these is the getting it working with And freedom andfame and the world’s applause; the least possible friction of spirit, all of which is the And the land of your birth, that is dearer than all, very antithesis of Volunteers. Needs your aid to abolish ascendancy’s thrall. Had Mr. Redmondeven joined the Orange Volun- The onlymistake about the effusion isthat Ulster teers,say, with the stipulation that hewas ready to does notdemand “Ascendancy.” All thatit demands fight against any measure which Ulster might look upon now is“Isolation,” and it is the Nationalists who as an indignity to her position or as a danger to her clamour for Ascendancy;and by so doing are further creed he would have inspired confidence and shown the from it than ever. For if England hesitates to confide truespirit of Nationalism.Nay, had he with resent- 176

ment begged his own followers not to arm, but instead any measure which in their opinion is calculated to affect made it a point of securing one Protestant among their either the economic prosperity or the religious freedom friends, all this would havebeen oil tothe new of theirconstituents. machinery he is about to setin motion for Home govern- ment.But by raisingthe old fightersand their spirit he has alienated the very men whose sympathy he most requires at the present moment, and the only result of God help God ! his action will in all probability be the strengthening of or, Log-Rolling Jesus. the demand for exclusion irrespective ofLime : it is, in By Charles Brookfarmer. other words, in the nature of a tactical victory by show- Report of one of the Salvation Army’s International ing Sir Edward Carson that two can play at his game, Meetings. but with the permanent disadvantage of illustrating that Monday, June Igth, in the Strand. very spirit of domination which hithertothe Orange The hall is crowded with Salvationists in uniform, all leader could only assert was latent, and as such it was the women wearingpoke-bonnets (supplied by the a decided mistake. Army at so much each). On the platformthe band is play- Nobody ever doubted Ireland’s patriotism-but what ing National Anthems, each of which raises enthusiasm is needed is patriotism of a different kind, and it takes amongthe representatives of itscountry among the far more sacrifice to exercise self-control and work for audience. Over the platform are two large posters, the conciliation than to abandon all restraint and get up an one : Christ for the World-the other : The World for agitation-and ittakes far more brains. If thisbe Christ. After the “Stars and Stripes” has beenplayed Redmondismthen itis victorya for O’Brienism : andthe delighted American contingenthas ceased to for O’Brienism,denounced under the general designa- throw its hats into the air and cry, “k700-hoo-hoo-hoo,” tion of “faction,” is the still small Voice that called for Staff-CaptainCatherine Booth isasked “to read from peace,friendship and goodwill,and seeksto establish the Word of God.” conciliation by consent. MissBOOTH (having quoted St. Paul) : I hope there is Diplomatically, Mr. Redmond “se donne le tort,” as! nobody in this hall fighting God’s battle with only the French say, he is putting himself in the wrong, and half his armour on. (“Hallelujah !” “Praise Him !”) a far less capable man than Sir Edward Carson would You won’t win if you do,. And we wantto win, be able to reap an advantage from the situation : Com- don’t we? So put on your whole armour and you pulsory trusteeship has a nasty smell. I have no doubt will be able to resist the wiles of the Devil. (“Hal- that the Orange leader will score by the situation, for lelujah !” “Praise Him !” etc.) For he’s the same theNationalists having securedall they wantare not all the world over.(“Precious blood of Christ.” content, and want to prevent the Orangemen having any “Hallelujah !”) . . . The shield of faith whereby freedom of consent in what affects them, and one can- you may be able to quench all his fiery darts. . . . notbut wish him God speedin his resistance, if it is (Sitsdown. John Ferguson is called upon to lead only as asymbol of a protest against an allpowerful us in prayer.) political domination which is straining itself to thebreak- FERG.(an American negro) : 0 Fader, 0 Fader, we ing point of confidence and will no more spare Belfast tank dee with oben hearts . . . we tank YOU becos than it would Cork if it had the power. dis have meet our hearts all over de wor’d (Prays The Nationalist Volunteers is a significant move : it to thegallery.) . . . Dou wilt not disappoin’ us, becos is a powerful move-it is to a certain extent a logical dy storehouse is fu’ of good tings. (“Hallelujah !” repartee, but as to that higher wisdom which is beyond “Praise Him.”) . . . . Dou artgreat. (“So He mere verbal accuracy-that is another question. Like in is.”)Dou art migh’yin dy power. (“Power.” chess,it will dependupon SirEdward Carson’s next “Praise Him.”) move, and it may prove that John Redmond lost more thanhe gained by it-always supposing, of course, it Col. WANSWORTH: 0 God, our HeavenlyFaaather, meanswhat it intends, namely, to fightagainst the our eyes are open to Thee. Thou hast draaaaawn permanentexclusion of the dissentient counties. us from every laaand to go forth in Thy naame to declaaarethe gloory of Thygraaace. 0, to-night No-the less of this disturbing militarism the better, comeneeearer tu us, andto-night let a newre- or else let us close Parliament and every Trade Union velaationbe made to us. . . . Letnot only the build its own barracks : what is wantedis a spirit of name of the Salvation Army be heard throughout peace. the world, but also the name of Christ. . . . It seems t.0 me that there is only one way out--and Mrs.BRAMWELL BOOTH: I d.0 feel that everyone of strange to s,ay I see very little mention ; indeed I have thesemeetings have. . . . I am convinced that not seen it mentioned. up in that wonderful world, up there where we shall It is this : not be worried, it will be one of our chief joys to The Ulster counties fear Home Rule because it places tell one another of our battles down here. I don’t them, a minority, at the mercy,economically and reIi- know how we shall be able up there to prove our giously, of a majoritygenerally hostile to them-the love to Him-we shan’t have any chance to show Catholicfarming classes. Wanted-a protection. Himhow we loveHim. . . . Thatgreat Joy to Now Isolation is a sort of protection, I admit; but it fightand suffer for Him. We havethat joy to- has this disadvantage, that it prevents Ulster from exer- night.(“Hallelujah !”) When I look backupon cising her due share in the counselsof her country which my early days as a soldier-in the Salvation Army may be considerably to her advantage : .not to speak of thirty-fouryears ago-when I thinkwhat people leaving the Unionist Conservative classes of the south thought,what my own dearfather thought, how utterlydefenceless and running the risk themselves of he warned me against those people, how they were legislationwhich, while not applied to Ulsterdirect, the scum of theearth. (Silence.) Then I say may very considerably affect it indirectly, and that it is notonly unto us butunto Thy power, 0 Lord- quite possible for the Dublin Parliament to make things (“Yes, yes.”)-be praise. . . . Men and women ! “hot”for the north bylegislation forthe border I shall have an opportunity another time to tell you counties. howmuch women havedone for the Salvation Thatis why Iam averse to isolation as an ideal, Army. . . . “No !” shesaid, “though I am a though I am in favour of it as a condition of freedom, woman, I will fightlike a man.” (“Hallelujah.”) and what I should suggest is a ,concession not merely . . . They who have stood for the Army when it chronological or geographical, but one of principle-in was difficult to stand ! ! ! ! . . . 0,I want you all, other words,give Ulster a Veto of such a kind that 0,I want not only members of the Salvation Army, their members in Dublin may be able effectively to bar but everybody here to say, “Where do I come in?” 177

0, the beautiful(etc.). I amgoing to ask my dearsister Commissioner -from Denmark Democracy in Esse at (“Hallelujah !” and applause. A lady, inaudible as her name, speaks a while and then calls upon some Holland Park. of hersection for “a beautifulDanish song.” WE havehad time in thesix or seven years that the Eight determined but husky individuals break the London Salon of the Allied Artists’ Association has been peace with theirLord, beyondall understanding. in existence to see what it is effecting. The material ob- Mrs. CommissionerBooth-Tucker thenintroduces stacles and disadvantages have proved, as the founders 46an Indian party,” consisting of six or seven little believed theywould prove, to betrivial and easy to girls whom she announces as members of criminal bear. The advantageto the public andthe benefit to tribes.) theartists have beenshown, toany one who really Mrs. Com. B.-TUCKER: In India we’re rather troubled cares to think about the subject at all, to be incalculable. with these criminal tribes. Four or five years ago the Theyare of a natureto increase in geometrical pro- Government of Indiaapproached us to ask if we gression,and geometrical progression soon outstrips could takecharge of one of thecriminal tribes. our grasp of .number. If you can, they said, we will find plenty more for As everyone knows, the Allied Artists’ Association was you. (The children are now pulled about and made founded in order to give to every artist who desired it to sing a “song with beautiful English words but unhampered access, by exhibition, to theverdict of public anIndian tune,” all about the “plomi la’d” and opinion. Thismeans, of course,and I prefer to begin “mynati’ la’ of Hindustan.”Loud applause and by a statement of the most obvious objection, the throw- cries,rumbling of bigdrums and shaking of ing open of a great exhibition to all the incompetents, tambourines. Com. B.-Tuckercontinues..) Chris- who are many, and all the fumistes (who, for economic tian fellow-soldiers, I think we are having a beauti- reasons, can never be many), not only in England, but fulcongress. . . . We’vegot so much to say. in the world.Such a programme,on the face of it, Just one little word, to tell you we are getting on made a call on the founders of conviction, of .nerve and beautifully in India and God is blessing our work of indefatigable energyof no common order. ’I‘D two in a wonderful way. . . Such a very clever prayer. I men the Association is probably most deeply indebted. think that little boy must have been a little girl. . . The one is a critic, who throws a wide, and, if I may say Someoneasked us thereason why our Army so, ratheran indulgent net over anythingthat calls prospers. I said, or rather my Commissioner said, itself modern. I have namedMr. FrankRutter. If his thereason is that all our officersin Indiahave worship of Modernitywith a large M, like the cult in wives andknow how to usethem ! ! ! . . . My politicsfor Humanity with a large H, mightbe made commissioneris a bit of a Suffragette . . . . the by me matter for destructive criticism, this very pecu- Suffragettes ; now, thecriminal tribes of India liarity has rendered him only the more fit for a work, (Interruption. An allegeddevil-dancer is pro- essentially of conciliationand tolerance, pushed to a ducedwith a fellow-Indian as interpreter. As the verily Christiannth. ‘The otherwas a painter, exhibitsays but one word for everydozen of his FrederickSpencer Gore. With a logical detachment ‘interpreter’s, STUD.supposes the latter to be im- that is somewhat rare in the irritable race of the palette, provising. The exhibit’sgestures rouse much he helped to establishin a spirit of themost selfless Iaughter, but at last he is interrupted and sent off acceptance a great working model of equality of oppor- the platform by hisCommissioner, who says “He tunity. will tell the rest of the story on Wednesday night My readers at least may be sure that when they find atthe CentralHall.” “Glory be to God ! Praise medefending the principle of open exhibitionit is not Him !”) from good-nature. No one has ever accused me of that Com. RICHARDS: I say mycomrades in New Zealand mostdetestable fault. Nor, they mayalso guess, is it representthe tiptopest army in the universe. from a prejudice in favour of modernity as such. I fear I (“Hallelujah !” Whataboutangels? the have made it only too abundantly clear that I look upon Twentymoreor New Zealanders, men and the movements, most conspicuously labelled modern, as women, file onto the platform,amid banging tedious and nonsensical. But, in art, things are settled o,f drumsand tambourines and glory-cries.) Any- by example, and not by precept. Truth is great and will ways,they’re worthlooking at. (“Praise be to prevail. By all means let us have the incompetence and God !” “His precious blood !”) They will singa all the fumisterie dragged out into the open, so that all chorus made by a New Zealand officer who is now cansee its nullity. Notthe least service rendered by in Heaven. the Allied Artists’ Association to art is that it gives to CHORUS: Bootiful land-as fair-as day theempty and the incompetent rope enough to hang Bootifulland far away. (Abouttwenty themselvesinpublic. Cubists, Futurists,Vorticists, times.) and God-knows-what-istsmay publish manifestos and ANOTHERNEW ZEALANDER: The Salvation Army will interviews. But at the Allied Artists’ they have 10 pay, set the world on fire ? . . . I am glad to have this cashdown, with their persons. Here we cansee what opportunity to tell of thesaving power of Jesus. it is they are making all this rumpus about. Their pic- . . . . Ihave proved that the ways of righteous- tures turn out to be nothing but the crudest posters of ness are the ways of pleasantness ! a firm that has, alas ! no goods to advertise. CHORUS(to the tune of “Every NiceGirl Loves a Of the immense bulk of the honourably incompetent Sailor”) : whoconstitute so largea proportion of these exhibi- FromZealand, yes, from Zealand; tions,the worst that ,can be said is that it represents From the farthest South we are. . . a nullity that is only a little more naive than that of all (Afterthis song has been sung a score of times, large contemporary exhibitions. It is the price that has a lady of the chorus is asked to speak.) to be paid for the principle of the open door. It is much LADY: I am deelited, dear comerades and frens, to give better that all this should be spread out and sifted than my testimony ternight. . . . Notone word of all that weshould stifle onepromising talent or one His promises has everfailed me ! (Applause. The achievement that has been overlooked, because it does LADY is nevertheless led unwillingaway. The not happen to be in one of the recognised fashions. “Every Nice ‘Girl” chorusis revived. Entertwo Criticshave complained that the labour of sifting reportersto Press table, where STUD.has been such an intolerable amount of drossfor a handful of alone.) gold is great. So it is. But this is just where they can 1st REP. : Funny show, isn’t it ! show to what extent they really are critics. I find fifty- STUD.: Two hoursare enough for me. (Exit STUD. twopainters marked in my catalogue as exhibiting hallelooing.) worksthat interested me. Of thesea great proportion 178

could not be sure of getting into the New English Art Club, or any of the other of the semi-open exhibitions. Drama. The position of refuse has in the last few years, I know, assumed a complexnature. The refuse was,at first, BY John Francis Hope. always a painterwho was simply doing his best, and whose work was in theory supposed not to reach a cer- To call it “the hit of the season” is absurd. “Pygma- tain professional standard of competence. But the sense lion” not only got its blow in first, but it knocked the of advertisement hascreated the intentional, we may Season out; and the queer weather that we have been almostsay the professional, refuse, thetype of the suffering lately is the result. But a medical friend told douanierRousseau in Paris.The fun, the joke, me that there is a use for Potash, it maintains the alka- thepoint of theexistence of the douanier Rous- line balance, or something like that ; so I dosed myself seau wasjust that hewas a paintingcoast- with half a matinee of it. The other half of the matinee guardsman, like ourannual policeman whois hung in the Academy. It was fun for once to see palm-trees was“Perlmutter,” with intervals of teaand other and orange-groves painted by a coastguardsman, and to noxiousfluids, forthe weather was verysultry. Iky wonder that they weren’t really worse than they were. Moses, what a play ! It was not “only a ‘ chew,’ ” as Butthe cocasserie of Frenchcriticism was not to be John Lawson used to sing ; it was “chewses, chewses,” beaten, and, if I am not mistaken, serious critical articles all the way, and what was not “chewses” was dresses. have recently appearedon the douanier Rousseau. I And it all began with a genius. daresay Mr. Fry woulddefend him-and Bellini. Our Nevinsons,Wyndham-Lewises, Pheelan Gibbses, etc., This young man had better be careful : I am getting are notcoastguardsmen, but more or less clever and to know him too well. First there was Rubinstein ; he superannuatedart-students trying to paintlike coast- was a Russian Jew and a musicalgenius. Then there guardsmen. The consequence is that they are not even werethe Hambourgs, Russian JEWS andalso musical fun. geniuses. Also, therewas Daniel Melsa. ThenDavid Mr. Wollmarkpresents a curious problem.Begin- Quixano went upon the stage in Mr. Zangwill’s “The ning with quite reasonable pictures he has of late years put on a turgid and bombastic method of impasto which Melting-Pot” ; he was supposed to bea Russian Jew and entirely defeatsthe painter’s intention. Thick oil- a musical genius. Now Boris Andrieff takes the stage, paintis the most undecorative matter in the world. in “Potash and Perlmutter” ; and he is supposed to be People talk of not being able to see the wood for the a RussianJew and a musicalgenius. Thisis becom- trees. You cannotsee Mr. Wollmark’spictures for ing monotonous, and makes even a pearl mutter. I had thepaint. Economy of means, if Mr. Gilman and Mr. never heard of Boris Andrieff before, so let us examine Ginner will allow meto say so, isone of thecapital hisclaims tothe title of musicalgenius. Whenthe virtues in art. The abuse of oil-paint, what I may call the excessive joy in its mud-pie element, calls aloud for curtain rose, he was employed as a bookkeeper in the a schoola of tempera-painting asa corrective.Mrs. office of Potashand Perlmutter. He hadsent a cus- Finchupholds in thisan admirable example, tosay tomer a bill for 80 instead of 800 dollars, thus illustrat- nothing of thefact that her “Reginald” has already ingthe well-knownindifference of geniusto money. enrichedthe English language with a much-needed Perlmutterwanted to “fire” him;but Potash re- .euphemism. fused, and threatened to destroy his partnership papers The example of Lucien Pissarro and Gore is seen at if Andrieff weredischarged. Left alone with Andrieff, its beneficent workon all hands in this exhibition. In Perlmutter curtly raised his wages from twelveto fifteen -two of A. H. Hudson’s three paintings may be seen the advantage of the cleaner, clearer key set by a study of dollars a week. Thiswas proof positive of musical the landscape of the great Impressionists. The canvas, genius.Orpheus with his lute made trees ; Andrieff, “Newington Gates,” painterlike as it is, cannot hold its withouthis lute, raised wages. Genius? Itwas a owndecoratively with thecleaner and franker Ober- miracle ! botegenand Klohenstein. It looksrancid by compari- But this was not the only miracle performed by An- son.Margaret Dalgleish reveals a talent of great in- drieff. Potashand Perlmutter wanted to engage a terest, which a measure of success should bring to con- siderableproportions. H,er self-portrait is a brilliant newdesigner of dresses,and, of course,they had an piece of incisive structure.In William J Potter we opportunity of engaging the finest designer in the trade. ‘havealready an intelligent scholar of Gore’s sub- She was a woman, Ruth Goldman. But their back-chat jectsand treatment. neveris It dangerous for and cross-talk, the usual “Hebrew comedian” turn,. dis- a student to follow a realist,since a realisticmaster gusted her ; and no salary could induce her to accept a only introduces him to nature, and says : “There ! No’w positionwhere she wouldnot feel comfortable. Then foragefor yourself. ” Any excessivesimilarity will she noticed Andrieff. Deus ex machina ! Boris, like the soon disappear, since nature is rich and varied enough to efface the memory of any master, however talented. young man in the song, had met heron the steamer; she M. A. Mathers is a revelation of a brilliant talent. The had heard him play, and when she heard him play, she painting of the woman in a bath is certainly one of the did not know whom or where she was. Poor girl, poor bestthings here. An interiorby J. D. M’Intyre,with girl.Then another miracle happened. Perlmutter gave the back of a woman at a piano, is an instance of the Boris a ten-dollar bill, and told him to take Miss Gold- fine andnormal use of oil-paint. The expressionis man to lunch at the Ritz, and secure her services for the fluent and easy, and the material has an untormented beauty. While so many young men are yelling and ges- firm. Tendollars from Perlmutter ! 0, Orpheuswith ticulating to attract attention, it might give them pause his lute could have done no more. $0 see the modest flowers of a reasonable and service- Then Irma Potash called to invite Boris Andrieff to able art tended and brought to perfectionby women, play at her mother’s reception, or “At Home,” or ball, whomthey would probably be horrified to be told are orparty, or whateverit was. And,oh, the rivalry of quietly provingthemselves to betheir superiors. It these women. For Irma loved him, and Ruth Goldman would puzzle some of our buzzers,our exploders, our thought that she loved him, which is just as good for gurglers, our rattlers, our cracklers and our roarers to .putforth canvases like those of JosephineMason, or practical purposes. Ruth did a good stroke of business the brilliant exercises in a high key of S. H. Gunston. for the firm. Abuyer had “turned down” (a technical Noise is not everything. expression) every one of their models ; but while he was WALTERSICKERT. out of the office, Ruth, with a few deft touches, trans- 179 formedone of themsuitably tothe taste of Chicago. ’ With an equally deft touch, she added sixty per cent. Through Arid Greece to the to the partners’ price; and the buyer not only bought a lot of them, but fell in love with the girl who wore the Green Isle of Corfu. model. Ruthhad evidently madeup her mind to stay By Richard Curle. and spend her days in the company of Boris Andrieff ; THEREcan be nothing more disenchanting in the world and it was quite evident that she would not allow Irma thanthe first sight o’f Athensacross the plain. This to monopolise his evenings, when a calamity happened. browncity, set in a poor country at thefoot of Andrieff was arrested on an extradition warrant, charged hills,looks basely unattractivein the clear distance. with having thrown a bomb in Russia. “I didn’t do it,” Even the Acropolis,whose temples are visible afar, heassured Ruth Goldman; and being ruth by nature hasan air of theatrical unreality. Itis not tillyou as well as name, she rang up Senator Murphy and in- reach the heart of the town and see around you in their perspective the splendidruins of the Golden Ageand structedhim to defend Andrieff. Shealso agreed to the marblepalaces of the present that you can at all work for Potash and Perlmutter; and it was clear that, believe thatthis is Athensitself. And even so, the whateverhappened., Boris Andrieff, RussianJew and word has lost its innermost significance for ever. That musical genius, was captured. frame of mind which is the reflection of the Attic glow But the play does not conclude as you might think it withers in this parched and unwatered land. The clean would. I have not space to detail all the complications, dignity of these broad streets tells, truly, of a new life but the fact that emerges from the second act is that andthe revival of a nation.But itmust have been finer to come to Athenseighty years ago when the Irma loves him. Thereis no doubt about this. She crumblingruins towered above a scatteredvillage of turnsher back to the audience, puts her nose in her 7,000 people than it is to-day when they stand, cared handkerchief,jerks her shoulders up and down, then forbut incongruous, amidst a city of 200,000 in- putsher nosedown Daddy’s collar, andsays : “Oh, habitants.Like the baths of Caracalla,they have lost Daddy.’’Daddy patsher ‘back and tells herthat he muchin the re-discovery. I will notbe so egregious sellsclothes only tomake her happy. That is love, as to write about the Parthenon (thereby joining hands clearlyenough ; I could notmistake such symptoms. withmany advanced young men of our time-though notfor the same reason), but can safelyleave it to Boris is out on bail, zo,ooo dollars, pledged ‘by Potash ; commonknowledge and the Hellenistic spirit. I had he is allowed to puthis arms around Irma, and to dodge a guide, a soldier onfurlough, who took nothing for her nose to get at her lips, while Daddy plays propriety granted.The three varieties of the columnand the andthinks of thetime when hewas young. Then threeages of Greek art wereconstantly on his lips. Boris is instructed to jump his bail. There must be no At every possible excuse they issued forth in a sumptu- risk of hisgoing back to Russia,where only a brief ous and ,satisfying sentence. But when you got him on trial would intervene between his landing and his execu- the subject of his savings he was a very different man. I drove with him one day to Eleusis, a matter of nearly tion. Off to Canada he must go, and, in a little while, thirty miles there and back, through the wooded gorge Irma willbe sent out to him,carriage paid, labelled, that leads from the plain of Athens on to the sea-coast “Thisside up : withcare.” But the bail ? Ah ! An roadfronting the Straits of Salamis. A nobledrive. affidavit ismissing, andthe proceedings are illegal; But o’f Eleusisthere is little left but hopelessruin. and the bail cannot be estreated in these circumstances. The Mysteries did not save their Temple from destruc- It will cost nothing, and it will make Irma happy; and tion. as Andrieff has saved money fromhis twelve dollars The best panoramic view of Athens is to be obtained a week, hecan pay his own fare.He departs; and from the top of Mount Lykabettos, that huge cone of rocksurmounted by thelittle Greek Church of St. then comes the news that the affidavit has been found. George. Flat beneath itand circling round the hill, Ruin,therefore, unless Boris is produced before three like a sickledmoon, lies the city. Just opposite, but o’clock the following day. on a lowerlevel, rises the Acropolis.Athens crouches He isproduced. Hereads about everythingin the between the two hills and, as though squashed in their papers,and returns voluntarily; in time to savethe grip, bulges out into the country on either hand. This bail,prevent ‘bankruptcy proceedings beingtaken is the Attic plain, bounded by Mount Hymettos to the against the firm, and to succourPotash from the risk eastand by MountParnes to the north. Over the of twoyears’ imprisonment. Ay, that isgenius; that shoulderof the Acropolis, fouror five miles distant, comes of playingthe piano.Even St. Petersburghas clusterthe houses of Piraeus, that busyand re- discovered thathe neverthrew the bomb, and has pulsive port,backed by the narrow sea of theGreek cabled toquash the extradition proceedings. Every- islands. No other view of Athens could rivalthis. body loveshim : I wish that I could play the piano. Butwhat about Ruth Goldman? Well, Perlmutter The centre of the town is disfigured by an atrociously was thejunior partner; and although, twenty-four uglyRoyal Palace. Inthis city of gracefulbuildings hoursbefore, shehad never thought of himin that its blank, unadorned, white squareness is a monstrosity. way, yet, when bankruptcy stared him in the face, she Ithas the kind of largeand solid dreariness which was willing to stay with him and help him to build up would haveappealed toGeorge III I shouldsay it thebusiness again (salary deferred). He touchedher mustbethe most completely uninterestingRoyal as shewas leaving the room,and she swung round Palace in the world, butperhaps it is, on that very and put her nose down his collar ; so that was another account,dear to the democratic Greeks. Behind it onesettled. The buyerand the model, I have pre- appearsthe outline of MountHymettos, whose bleak viously mentioned ; but there was old Potash and Mrs. anduninviting slopesbelie the too romanticassocia- Potash.She had been jealous of RuthGoldman, be- tion of its name. causeher husband had kept a photograph of her on The air of Athensin April is fresh and balmy. The hisdesk ; she had playedauction bridge, andmort- bees are beginning to wake upon the farther banks of gagedthe house to payher debts. There were some Hymettos,and a pellucid lightdistils itself over the expressions of feeling when itwas discovered that reddish earth. Atearly morning and at sunsetthere Potashhad also mortgagedthe house; but it didnot i.s a certaincharm to be got from walking across the takelong forher to swinground, and put her nose arid plain. That is when you feelthe real personality down herhusband’s collar.Remember, thatit was a of Greece! land of cleardistance and mild breezes, musical genius who did it all. and lose foreverfrom your heart the idealGreece of 180

legend and romance. Already in spring a dry dustiness shore YOU catch a glimpse of the Achileion, that white has settledrelentlessly uponthe boulevardsand the palace which has had two Royal owners within twenty budding trees. We must wait till the new water Supply years. has rejuvenatedthe ground for the unfertile land to Unfortunately my guide would not allow me to wait become a garden.Then, indeed,Athens may no here for long. He had sworn to get me back by such longerdisappoint the traveller. Let me add but one and such an hour, and he had a strictly prosaic sense more disillusioningtouch. The honey of Mount of responsibility. Thegorgeous vista affectedhim Hymettos is no choicer than other honey, the wines of solely from a cash point of view. It was good because Greece areresinous and tobe avoided,the native itattracted people who liked carriages.He was no cookery tends towards a love of garlic. By their fruits poet. Infact, he was decorouslyshocked at the ye shall know them ! suggestion : “ Moi?-Poete?-Non !” Westwardsfrom the capital a railwaytraverses a AS he continued tourge departure I gaveway re- stonyand dried up country to Patras,the port for luctantlyand, re-entering the carriage, drove back Brindisi. Thehigh crossing of theCorinth Canal alongthe fragrant road. But as Idid not leave off alone breaks the monotony of the eight hours’ run. A insisting on the beauty of his island to him he was at sparse population of wild shepherds inhabit this barren lengthfeign to assure me, aImost with tears in his waste and tend the goats that feedupon the scrub of eyes, that it was: in truth, a place extremely good for themountain sides. Noone but a blind enthusiast one’shealth. Such was his most powerful flight of would wish to linger in this weary spot. commendation.Well, after all, when I think of it, Of Patras I saw nothing. It was already dark when he came pretty near the mark. For, apart from every- I arrived and the lights of my steamer were gleaming thingelse, it must be “ extremelygood for one’s inthe harbour. After a mediocredinner, madehor- health ” to liveupon that hill-side,overlooking that rible by a garlic-breathing waiter, I was rowed out to gloriousbay with the “dying fall” of themountains her and went tobed to the accompaniment of a thunder- beyond. So itseems to me, at any rate. storm.Next morning Iwas in Corfu. The old Venetianfortress crowns the entrance to THE WICKED COLLIERS. the roadstead, and an enduring mass of green verdure It was a noble Earl who shook his coroneted head : spreadseverywhere over the visible land. Far off, the “I’m deeply grieved,”he said, “to seethese colliers so steepand desolate mountains of Albania standblue misled ; against the sky and, indeed,Corfu itself is hilly to an Whatever they are thinkingof beats me, upon my soul ! Our trade and commerce rest upon a basis of cheap coaI. unusual extent, though the richness of its soil mitigates And yetthere’s no demand from which thesegreedy theausterity of its appearance.After traversing the fellows shrink, thirsty land of Greece the sight of this island is like a And allto get more money for their Unions andtheir cooling draught. Corfu is still what it was when Homer drink. sang its praises. Come in ! ” His agent entered then, and showed him solid grounds No sooner had we anchored than a gentleman from For estimating the year’s mining royalties at not less than the shore, lavish in plausibility but somewhat inarticu- fifty-four thousand pounds. late in expression,urgently offered mehis services as It was the careful mineowner who scratched a thoughtful guide. He explained that hewanted to takeme a head : short drive for an exorbitant price-or rather, that is “lt’s very sad,” said he, “to see these colliers so misled. whathis explanation amounted to.listenedI sym- What though our Capital’s return may show a constant pathetically to thissyren and, after making a few fall, obvious reductions in his terms, I consented to go with What do they care ? They’d willingly appropriate it all ! Whatcan a collier wantwith more thanthirty bob a him. week ? The town is of the usual Southern type, with a mixed They need a good sharp lesson for their most infernal population of ‘Greeks andItalians. When I wasthere cheek. it was the temporary home of 6,000 Turkish prisoners Well-what d’ye want ?” this to the trim accountant, tall ofwar. These be-fezzed and khaki-clothedmen were and lean, Who said, “Sir, I find that this year’s profits amount to lounging incrowds along a wall overlookingthe sea, twenty-five thousand six hundredand thirty-seven were leaning out of windows of their sombre barracks, pounds fourteen.” were squatting in courtyards,yawning away the long The conscientious RailwayChairman wagged a solemn days of theirincarceration. They appeared neither head : downcastnor happy-merely lifeless. Not so the And said, “It’s shameful that these colliers should be so officerswho, with the larger freedom of parole,were misled. walking about the streets or sitting on benches gazing The strike should be made criminal-men should not be allowed- over thesea to Albania.They hadan air of tragic (,Paid agitators, too)-to fool the ignorant collier crowd, gloom, of men broken-hearted by the agony of defeat. And teachthem to haveno regard for aught but dirty The carriage soon draws you beyond the outposts of Pelf, the town and you enter upon a country that in exuber- As though one’s duty ended with theinterests of one- ance of vegetation and inexquisite beauty rivals the self. finestislands of theWest Indies,. Thispeninsula of And now aboutthis dividend.” Here his energies were bent Corfu (YOU must scale the castle grounds to grasp the To making anet profit of ninety-five thousandpounds lie of theland) is a paradiseof fertility-the fertility pay a dividend (on the watered stock) of five and a- of flower gardens and of meadows knee-deep in grass. half percent. The road winds up hill past the entrance to the Royal It was the City merchant then who kept a level head; villa and by sloping orchards that stretch towards the ‘‘Dear me, dear me !” said he. “How can these men be water.After a few miles You come out highon the so misled ? hill-sideabove anarm of thesea. The carriage stops Their selfishness is horrible, it takes away one’s breath ! They don’t care if, to gain their ends, the people freeze and, going forward on foot, you look downwards to a to death. glittering bay and across it to the range of the Corfu But as they say they’ll have their way at any sacrifice, mountains. Itis certainlyone od the loveliestland- We’re most reluctantly compelled to raiseour selling scapesin the world. Two littleislands lie beneath price.” you, reflectingthemselves in theintense and unruffled Then wrote : “In consequence of what these selfish men have done, mirror of the sea. Onone is minutea Greek We hereby give notice that the price of coal, cobbles, and monastery, and on the other some buildings resembling slack is raised five shillings per ton.” a farm. Sheltered deep within the woods on the farther JOHN STAFFORD. 181

nothing remains but to await the next issue. It is like Readers and Writers. confiningreligion to a Sunday service. And thisis to assume that the magazine is reading at any time ! MR. CURLE has partly himself to thank for the hostile worth reviewshis study of JosephConrad (Kegan Paul. *** 7s. 6d. net) has provoked. The majority of reviewers do One of my colleagues observed the other day that the not come to such a study with a real desire to compare defect of Futurism is that it is a reaction against Art noteswith another critic-in a word, to deepen their not against Life. It is a fine critical observation and I ownappreciation; they come either with minds made wish I had made it first. Hearing Messrs. Marinetti and up or with opinions waiting to be confirmed, and as to Nevinson the other evening I was struck by their fury a public lecture rather than as to a common discussion. against their predecessors remote and of yesterday. It And Mr. Curle has so far played into their hands as to was to distinguish themselves from these that it appeared write in somewhat the lecturing style. Over and again their campaign was being undertaken. Thiswill never do, he delivers himself of a clear judgment in a good essay for to be moved by art is just not to be moved by life. style,only to supplement it by comments which are I heard, too, the“noise-tuners” at the Coliseum. The conversationaland impromptu. It islike a lecturer “Futurists” talk of representing life in place of merely reading a paper and interrupting himself to make addi- reproducinglife; but in fact everyone of thetwenty- tional(or rather, subtractive) comments. The reader, twoinstruments of theorchestra reproduced some however, who can skip these intercalations will find the naturalsound with servile fidelity. Thisagain will study not only interesting as an example of sincere de- never do; for if art is not the representation of life it votion,but illuminating on its subject.Conrad, in iscertainly not its reproduction.Again remarkedI fact, is made greater for me by Mr Curle than I should theemphasis laid by Messrs.Marinetti and Nevinson have thought possible. Almost he has persuaded me to onthe absurdity of immortality.This, I think, is the be a Conradian. worst sign upon their movement; for an art that does ye** notaspire to immortaliseits work is vulgar from the beginning.For our mortal needs not art but con- In the course of 250 pp. with very little digression, trivanceis necessary and sufficient; butfor the sou Mr. Curlefairly circumnavigates his subject-Mr. nothing but what at leastpromises to be everlasting has Conrad’sstyle, Mr. Conrad’sMen, Mr. Conrad’s interest. Women, Mr. Conrad’sirony, and so on.But, though *** the first and last chapters (the best written in the book) convinceme that Mr. Curlemight have succeededin What perhaps is of value in Futurism is its affirma- writing a chapteron “Mr. Conrad’s Philosophy,” he tion of the claim of theage upon art.Use, it ex- neverdoes it. He tells us inhis preface that he“dis- ponentssay, the material of yourown time for your likes the habit of writing gravely about the philosophy art,for everyother is more or less alien. There is of novelists” ;but this is nonsense ; for within a page or something in this ; but, once more, it is a questionof twohe isgravely contrasting Conrad as “philo-a insight. To see deeply intoone’s contemporary life is sopher”with Kipling as an“observer” ; and in his to see life much as it has always been and always will chapter on Mr. Conrad’s “Psychology” he comes very be. Platowriting to-day would write much thesame near discussing gravelythe verytopic he “disliked” as Plato writing two thousand five hundred years ago. to consider. Besides, dislike it or not, it is in the long ?he dialect of truth does not alter much. On the other run by hisphilosophy that an artist lives or dies. Far hand, I agree that subjects ought to be taken from to- from ”wrecking,” as Mr. Curle says, “the meaning of day. Itis the treatment-aboveall, itsdepth and a work of art” byexamining it philosophically, if it truth-thatdetermines whether the resultant work is cannotstand that, it cannot stand time. And Conrad, one of art. I: canimagine works full of acutaiityand moreover, has nothing to fear from such an examina- empty of art. Imagine them? Look at the bookstalls ! tion. On the contrary, our appreciation of his work will *** grow as we plumb his mind and try its depths. For in Dr. George Brandes’ “Friedrich Nietzsche” (Heine- hisown despite Mr. Curle now and then does write mann. 6s.) containsfour essays written during the gravely about the philosophy of Mr. Conrad ; and when twentyyears from 1889 to 1909, thethird containing hedoes, it is with judgment.I am not sure that the thecorrespondence between himself and Nietzsche. Jt “futility of the world” properly describes an article of was, as theauthor confesses, a strange whim of fate Mr. Conrad’screed; I am pretty sure, in fact, that it that made him regarded by two such different types as doesnot; for the world,imagine,I exists for Mr. Nietzsche and Ibsen in the light of an ally; for he re- Conrad to be understood ; and to exist as a problem is mainssingularly unaffected by either of them. In de- not to be futile. On the other hand, Mr. Curle appears fence of theLiberalism or Radicalism with which he tome profoundly right whenhe maintainsthat Mr. had beenassociated in Denmarkin his earlier years, Conrad has simple ideas such as courage, compassion, Dr. Brandes is at pains to deny that Nietzsche had pro- honour and fidelity as his base, and when he shows US duced anychange. “My principles,” he writes, “have that Conrad’s method is to test them in the lives of men. not beenin the slightest way modified by Nietzsche.” *** And I suppose he would maintainthe same inrespect We areasked to believe, onthe assurance of Mr. Ibsen.of But there nothingis to boast of in Conradhimself, thathad Mr. Fisher Unwin not this, is there? On the contrary, I find it a trifle Philis- acceptedhis first work,“Almayer’s Folly,” he would tine. Of course Dr. Brandes goes on to say that it was neverhave written another. It is easy to say so now; as a greatman that he admired Nietzsche; he was a and no doubt it was Mr. Conrad’s feeling at the time. splendidexhibit, so to say, in a world of ratherpoor But could so powerful an impulse to writehave been humanity.But I dislike againthis collectors’ spirit in baulked by a single failure? I imagine that Mr. Conrad regardto great men. Itis atrifle vulgar, to tell the would havefallen back upon what Blake called the truth. “wrath 0.f God”-alias old Buck-and resolved to con- *** quer or die. *** Severalinteresting little items slip out, however, in the course of the volume. We learn, for instance, that A correspondent asks me to recommend a magazine, Strindberg at one period of his life became a recluse in weekly or monthly, for the reading of a girl of thirteen. consequence of an exceedingly unhappy marriage. Just I’m sure I don’t know of one, and I do not particularly think, Dr. Brandes confided to Nietzsche, this greatest wish to know of one. There are plenty of books to be genius of Sweden loathed his wife intellectually but was read ; and the habit of magazine-reading tends to break physically her slave. I d.o not believe it, of course ; but that of book-reading.One feels that one’sduty is the opinion was no doubt Strindberg’s; and hecertainly finished when themagazine has been read, and that wrote his books on the theme. No man “loathes” the 182 intellect of a woman ; he cheerfully despises it as a rule. that he has no technique to enable him to explore the Again Dr. Brandes hints that Nietzsche knew from ex- subconscious, orthe unconscious; he has, apparently, perience a good deal of the love and hatred of women- never heard of Freud, and he is dependent almost en- for how else could he have written so penetratingly? I tirelyupon literary descriptions of theconduct and believe it, but as yet no palpable evidence has been pub- feelings of the individual. To prove thatLove is not lished.’ Has Dr. Oscar Levy somenew information to a simple emotion, for example, he quotes Shakespeare, give us? By theway, Dr. Brandes differed from Chaucer,Swift, and St. Paul.But to arguethat be- Nietzsche in his, valuation of theinstitution of mar- causethe symptoms are many, the cause cannot be riage. As a good Radical-democratic, too-Dr. single, is to fall away from the purpose of his own in- Brandes would transformand perhaps abolish mar- vestigation.If the variety of themanifestations is a riage. As an“aristocratic radical” Nietzsche,on the proof ofthe variety of theircausation, how canone other hand, would have preserved and spiritualised it. formulate empirical lawsof character? The manifes- Which is right? Ishall have to publishsome more tations of every character are manifold, and if we are Tales for Men Only to answer the question. to assume that their causes are also manifold, we can R. H. C. knownothing of eitherinstinct, impulse, emotion, or sentiment, for the relations! between them and conduct must also be manifold. Mr. Shand must have forgotten Views and Reviews.” his own first empirical law, that “mental activity tends, at firstunconsciously, afterwards consciously, to pro- Building on Shand. duce and to sustain system and organisation,” when he ACADEMICpsychology has twodemerits, it has neither committed himself tothe hazardous hypothesis that practicalnor philosophical value; indeed, it seems to Loveis a complexemotion because itsmanifestations be only a game of formulating empirical laws concern- are various. ing the relations of various literary terms descriptive of There, in his first law, is the problem that he never sensation or action. For practical purposes, we need to attemptsto solve. Is characterconscious or uncon- know only the processes of the mind, and their relations scious? We knowthat consciousness issomething with theprocesses of thebody; for philosophicpur- super-added to the other constituents of personality, and poses, we need to know the nature of those processes that its appearance therefore implies system and organ- expressed in terms of universalvalidity. Philosophi- isation among those other constituents of personality. If. cally, as Croce has shown, psychology, like all sciences, system and organisation exist prior to mental activity, has no validity ; he says, with that scorn that marks the it does not seem easy to prove that system and organi- philosopher : “Letthe psychologists,then, keep their sationare a consequence of mentalactivity. Mental classesand sub-classes of feeling. W,e,for our part, activity probably does not produce and sustain system not only do not dream of dispossessing them of such a andorganisation; indeed, there are, as Mr. Shand treasure, but shall continue to draw from it,when neces- says, two kinds of forces at work within us, organising sary,the small change of ordinaryconversation.” and disorganising ; and if the organisation exists prior Practically -well, what can one do with 144 empiri- to mental activity, it would seem that we have to attri- cal laws, of which this is a fair sample T “When either buteto mentalactivity the disorganising power. In a primary impulse, or a desire, or a sentiment is frus- thiscase, we have within theindividual a conflict of trated, sorrow tends to ‘be evoked, in proportion, other character, ifby character we understand a habitude, things equal, to the strength of the impulse, or desire, or a predisposition to workin a certain way. But a and the degree of the frustration.” plurality of characters in an individualis unthinkable, The book fails at the outset. We should know what and as character would seem to bedescriptive of the we mean by ,character before we attempt to explore its individual, it is plain that Mr. Shand has not got down foundations ; but I can find no definition of character in to the foundations. this book. If the doctrine of the temperaments is use- Thatdisorganising power of the mind, which Mr. less to the science of psychology, as Mr. Shand argues, Shandmentions but does not consider, makes all at- because it seems impossible to get a precise definition or tempts at a science of character futile. For a man may description of them, of what use can a theory of become different not only to himself, but tu those who characterbe when characterlacks even a definition? know him; there is, for example, the famous case of the Apparently, it is not personality, for the basis of per- soldier of Austerlitz who believed himself to have been sonality, as Ribotshowed, is the organism; and if, as killed at that battle, and protested that “what you see he said, “psychology derives no profit from leaning on there is not himself, but only a wretched machine that a physiology without foundation,’ it is also true that it has been made like him.” The fact that there could be derives no profit from building on a foundation without such “a discontinuity, a lack of fusionbetween two physiology. Characteris not something which canbe periods of psychiclife,” asRibot describes it,makes divorced from temper, temperament, or ‘personality, and apparent the prime defect of any attempt to show the studied in theabstract; or, if it be,it ought to be organisation of character.For although, inthis case, isolated from these, and its difference demonstrated, by the cause of this fundamental change was physical, the a process of analysis. But the fundamental work is not process of disorganisationis probably constant;and done : the nearest approach to a definition of character Freud argues that we have to explore a psychology of made by Mr. Shandis this : “Character,then, is repression. If personality may be dissociated, either by notconstituted of theemotions and sentiments shock or by mentalactivity, the science of character alone,with the will and intelligence as their fails; for these actions and reactions between primary, instruments. hasotherIt verynumerous and secondary, and tertiary systems, between instincts, im- importantconstituents,” etc.But whereindoes pulses,emotions, and sentiments, must cease to be this differ fromthe “personality” describedby Ribot effective. The demonstration by Freud of the fact that as en tout de coalition, the unity of whichis, “in a there are two paths to consciousness, a direct and an psychological sense, the cohesion, during a given time, indirect one ; and that there are processes of condensa- of acertain number of dearstates of consciousness, tion,dramatisation, and substitution, guarding the accompanied by others lessclear, and by a multitude threshold of consciousness against undesirable intruders, of physiological states which, withoutbeing accom- warns us against accepting any merely symmetrical con- panied by consciousness like the others, yet operate as ceptions of character.The relations that subsist be- much, and even more than, the former”? tween joy and anger, for example, must vary according Anotherprime defect of Mr.Shand’s book isthis, theto individual, accordingthatis, to the character; indeed,even the definitions of joy and * “The Foundations of Character.” By Alexander F. angermust vary likewise, if weadmit a systematic Shand, M.A. (Maemillan. 12s. net.) structure of the mind and character, forclinical evidence I 83 would suggest, at least, that no two systems are exactly is difficult not to feel this sense of waste. Take “Hindle similar. It is extremelydoubtful whether any of these Wakes.” Probably, this is by far the finest exampIe we empirical laws would stand the test of criticism based have of an English realistic play, but it is not its real- on aknowledge of morbidpsychology; and if Mr. ism which makesit so poignantly effective. What Shand has demonstrated anything at all, it is onlyby Stanley Houghton possessed was the supreme gift of a inference, and the foundation of character seems to be sense of thetheatre, and if hehad lived inany acontinuum between states of consciousness,and is otheragethan the realistic agehis achieve- probably only organic memory. mentsmusthave been greater.In all that A. E. R. play, andfor all the charm of its homely and realis- tic touches, the moments which make it great are the moments when bared souls are revealed in such naked- Easy School of nessthat it is immaterial whether or notthe factory The girl wears a shawl, or the exigenciesof modern existence makeit possible for a disastrouslymanly young man Playwriting. to purchase a weekend railway ticket. By Charles McEvoy. The whole danger of the realisticschool of play- writing lies in this easiness to impart the foreign thrill THE Repertory movement, from its first popular incep- of actualityby being imitative and not reflective. To tion,in this country, at theRoyal Court Theatre in hold a mirror up to life is not to hold a mirror up to a 1904, has been synonymous with realism. celluloid collar that it may be subtly distinguished from It has been said that everybody could write one good a linen one, but to hold a mirror up to a soul. novel, and it is equally true that most people could write It was the tragedy of Stanley Houghton that he did onegood “Repertory” play, provided that the word not live long enough to realise that he was a dramatist, ‘‘good” be taken to mean conformity with the rules of and not a writer of plays. What he did realise was that realism as most of us misunderstand it to-day. it is worth no man’s while to write more than one real- Realismon thestage is a muchsimpler thing to istic play, and the pityof it was that he was struckdown achieve than realism in fiction. In the latter case, there before he had time to rearrange not his ideas, but his is at least the transmutation of an idea into words ; in medium. the former it is often merely the transmutation of that Synge was the one man wholived through the dramatic ideainto a crudely actual, physicalmovement. All of earthquake which madethe literary theatre possible, us who are familiar with the realistic school of drama andkept his head. It will berecognised in time that knowthose inevitable pausesin the action of a piece that glorious Irishman was an old master at the same when a lump of real coal is deposited on an apparently momentthat he was a prophet. Forjust so much as real fire, or a real blind is drawn up, or a real pot of tea realism is worth, Synge employed it, but to him it ,was is being made. NOW these things may be properly sub- no more than the science of colour is to an artist. servient to and expressive of a dramaticepisode, but the temptation throughout all the new school of realistic, and usually domestic, drama, is to introduce “familiar touches”with a view to enhancingthe sense of veri- Recent Verse. similitude,whereas, as a matter of artisticfact or WHYshould Mr. Spence call his verses “Songs Satanic phenomenon, nothing of the sort happens. and Celestial” ? He has never been to Hell and he will Actuality on the stage is wrong, and not right; as the never go toHeaven; and yet-Songs Satanicand mysterious dramatic potentiality of the marionette figure Celestial. By way of forewordhe says :- goesto prove. Thefact that we performour plays Ashes of roses, through the medium of real people reduces our dramatic Shadows of song, possibilities, and the less our real people are disguised, Than life more sweet, themore we suffer fromtheir actuality. The greatest Than death more strong. . . . of all dramatists, the Greeks, were recognising this law We turn to these longeval rhymes. They commence : when they played their plays in masks. Cold sea whose spirit feels Because the theatre-most mysterious of allartistic Torture of cleaving keels, quantities-can impart a weird thrill at the spectacle of Anguish that never heals, anything that seems to be taken from “real life,” we Galleons’ fret, should notbe misled into believing that suchis its My soul is like to thee, natural province. Itis exactlythis error, exactly this A tortured thing, 0 sea, The keels sweep over me exotic imparted thrill, which has produced our present Of keen regret. school of realism. Theappearance of apparently actual things on the Itis curious that Mr. Spence’ssoul should be like stage, with the thrill I admit, is not, of course, the dis- only a ship’s wash and never-shall we say ?-like the covery and privilege of theRepertory Theatre. As a broad, unscarified ocean. And what “Galleons’is matter of factit has been worked for all itis worth, fret”? A “Hymn to Music” starts off with an offence and upon quite a splendidplane formany years. Its against sound, by rhyming “man” with “clarion,” and birthplace was the Adelphi, and it is magnificently- fos- finishes with an offence against humour :- tered to this day at Drury Lane, and at His Majesty’s. And in the universe’s crossing tissues, The realtaxi-cab which appears in the first act of What can we know of warp who scarce the woof can scan ? Mr. Shaw’s“Pygmalion” is the veryembodiment of And theless said about scanning the better. We the realistic idea ; manifested in all its crudity and child- turn on. ishness. Beyond a doubt it is agreeable to see a thing absurdly pretending to be where it is not, but the God Do ye hearken, ye dead? ...... We would rise, we would rise, to partake of your of Drama knows that this is not art. It is a prostitution doom and your diet, of the theatre to a baser purpose ; it is the exchange of But on lips and on eyes the worms and the vampires have a tremendous possibility for a puny fact. fed, For thisreason of all reasons,the modernplay- We can kiss, we can smile not-awaiting eternity’s fiat. wright is on the wrong track. Instead of analysing and We hearken, we dead! understanding his material, he is making sure of a cer- VerySatanic indeed ; butnot so Satanic as the tain quality of effectiveness and leaving unexplored the grammar of, ‘‘Wehearken the harps and the whis- vasttracts of emotion which thetheatre is capable pers,” in the same piece. “0 God ! 0 Satan !” comes of bringing to life. themurmur up from Golgotha, further on, “Give us If one studies the best works of the realistic school it back our flesh !” Here is another fine first stanza from 184 thelongest piecein the book, “TheSong of the Remember that from England’s breast Dagger” :- Thy milk was drawn. . . . Already have the seeds of Love Let knight and lord Been sown, and now the Future’s womb Sing of the sword, Is teeming. I am the bard Withsoul of pard Who hymns the poignard. But we happen to know that not a third of the present population of the U.S.A. is descended fromEnglish “Soul of pard” is new. .God is, as usual, maltreated: stock, and this takes the gilt off the ginger-bread. In “TO a Woman in Hell’’ our poetaster cries :- In the non-political part of his volume, Mr. Gray has To God’s shamelet my soul be shod written, besides some good old German “Wohl mir ins With pain, as from the first! Herz hinein”verses (designed, may we suppose, for “Lailah” with its lines, “Ah, she is a courtesan. . . . the German-descendedmillions of modernAmericans), She is everything to each,” reminds .us of the babu’s a long poemin themetre with which Mr. Selver has description of Caesar’s wife, as being “all things to all familiarised us-the limerickmetre. It is called men.” We wonder,after all this Satanic song, what “Mocking-bird,”and the twenty stanzas in praise of Mr. Spence considers Celestial ; and we find :- that creature are all like this :- The poet’s heaven is that he first hath known. 0 friend, I can take up thystrain Infancy’s images make paradise. Long,long was I silentand fain But, alas, infancy’s images with poetasters make for Had ended the sorrow that came with each morrow, But now I am singingagain. infantilism.Mr. Rabindranath Tagore’s book, “The Crescent Moon,” is all about babies. Yes, now he is singing again, although to be sure he The smile that flickers on baby’s lips when he sleeps- was elsewhere found praying :- does anybody know where it was born? Yes, there is a rumour that ayoung, pale beam of acrescent moon God forbid that I shouldwrite touched the edge of a vanishing autumn cloud, and there A careless boast, atrivial word, the smile wasfirst born in the dream of a dew-washed morning-the smile that flickers on baby’s lips when be andalso inhis introductory Latin ode “Ad Fortunam sleeps. Deam”referred very reasonably to himself as“hunc Baby knows all manner of wise words, though few m earth can understand their meaning. . . . ineptum.”One would commend this modestywere it 0 greedy heart, shall I pluck the world like a fruit from not obviously as a sop to Fortune, whom he appeals to, the sky to place it on your little rosy palm? “neiudex Tollat inlibrum criticus cachinnum.” Vain hope ! We seewhat it means, but all thesame it sounds Mr. Helstonwrote, “Aphrodite at Leatherhead.” uncommonnonsense. “I wish I could take a quiet Havingwritten it, he polished off a sonnet as “His corner in theheart of my baby’svery own world.” Answer to thosewho imputed to him Impurity inre- Really worsethan versified obstetrics, this prosified gard to the Preceding Poem.” “Love is lovelier for its what-a-young-mother-ought-to-know ! The six coloured lust,” he answers, and we turn back to see what could illustrations in this book are as much signs of the time so haveaffrighted “Those.” We find thatthe poet as the other contents. They have been done by various discoveredAphrodite in a valley. “There was a sweet, Bengali artists in a Western infantilist style. They are pure passion in her eyes.’’ Of course ! but she is some- quite inarticulate and their style could only be described what coy. as “pappy.” They stand together with the rest of the book as a typical production of the Europeanised babu. Then spake I to this lady in such wise : But from a long search after art in India, the present 0 Incarnation lovely of my Love, writercan testify thatno better workis now to be 0 lovely lust of Increase called of Spring, foundthere, except among some few old painters on 0 Bride of Burgeoning. . . . ivory in obscure bazaars. If Mr. Tagore’slanguage is thin, Mr.Mackereth’s Whereuponshe “slipped down beneath me. . .” is thick-thick as pudding. The“Times” commends “At the flood- “the rich exuberance of his fancy and of his diction.” At the full flood-tide take me,” then she gasped, But“fullsomeness” would be a betterword. Mr. And so we waited, mutely mad through all Mackereth is full of words and images, and when the Anticipation’sraptured interval, floodgates of his soul are openedthere bursts forth a Limbsinterwoven, beating bosoms clasped. whirlingvolume of sound. It makes afine row. Mutely mad, ay, there’sthe rub. For he has so much Our years are bankrupt with a vain expense to say aboutLove, and Lust, and God :- Doubting the Whither we dispute the Whence, And all our records are as dead leaves driven Yea, as the Yeast of God, in man shall rise Down movingwaters where eternalheaven The sun of Truth. Broods blandly in mysterious indolence. Take the last line and try to find out what the sense And the lady has to reply at great length :- is. ; in short, Broods-blandly-mysterious-indolence Already in me quickens graft of thee ! nonsense. Mr. Mackereth’s grammar isoften faulty. And all my womb, with mortal love enthralled, I have loved ye with the deathless love of wonder Shall burgeon with fresh fruit of Poetry. . . . From the other side of time as angels do. Nowwe know whence Versicles are born. But, Im- As angels do-what? purityin this? Bunkum ! Mr. Edward McQueenGray cries, “0 ! I was born C. E. BECHHOFER, for motherhood.” On his ranch in New Mexico he sees a vision of the reconciliation of America and England “Songs Satanicand Celestial.” By Edward Spence. andtheir eventual reunion intoan Anglo-Saxoncon- (Mathews. IS.) federacy. By Americahe clearly meansthe United “The Crescent Moon.” By Rabindranath Tagore. (Mac- States, for he says :- millan. 4s. 6d.) “On the Face of a Star.” By J. A. Mackereth. (Long- The gulf-stream bathes thy burning feet mans. 2s. 6d.) And smiles at thee. “A Vision of Reconciliation.” By Edward McQueen Gray.(Methuen. 2s. 6d.) This could hardly apply to much more of the Conti- “Aphroditeand Other Poems.” By John Helston, nent. But remember, he says to his beloved America :- (Heinemann. 5s.) 185

ments of his mind. And these mill be the persons who Pastiche. accuse us of being petty and ill-balanced. The fact is that our work is, above all, the lyrical and WAKE UP,ENGLAND! emotional expression of our time, which is a mechanical Cuttingthe cackle, I remarkthat we Futurists have age,and therein lies its whole beauty! We arenot to introduced into modern painting four new elements which be deceived bythe machine-minder’sapparent human are changing rapidly all over Europe the preconceived squirmings and struggles the while he is being geomet- notion of whata picture should be ! This preconceived rically splendidised. The glory of this age is machinery. notion is the preconceived notion youhave taken from We Futuristsglorify mechanism.‘ Allthat’s wanted is the artists of the past. We have an entirely new notion more of it. The Trade Unions are combining for this for immediate circulation. It is not exactly the business end. of the painter to explain himself in words ; but you seem Art is not a narcotic, it is not a drug, but a stimulant; unable to understand our notion from cur paintings, and nota soporific, but a tonic. This is to imply that other we must sell ! art than the new art has been, of course, narcotic, sopo- Firstly, then, no pictureshould be a mere representl- rific. And we doimply this. What has art done, tion!This is new. We have just discovered it.The hitherto,but kept us down, yearning,searching after photograph,the cinema, haveoutdone mere representa- Natureand moons ! Ha ! movement for Us ! Th-e tion ! Aphotograph of Rembrandt would outdo Rem- motor-’bus, &e yellow, green,andcrimson taxis brandt’sportrait of himself. Thatlittle machine would glidinglike snakes throughthe limousine ! Why, get more out of Rembrandt in two ticksthan all Rem- Natureand the old Art havebrought things to such a brandt’s genius could select in a life-time. What number pass thatit is actually necessary to bully people into of Romneys would we not exchange for a photo of Lady liking a charming city like London, where there is more Hamilton? How the camera would have induced from machinery than the world has ever seen ! herall which Romney missed,and the lack of which I pass on from what will doubtless be a work of time leaves Emma Hamilton so much antique lumber on our for us Futurists, namely, to turn the spirit of man from hands ! wishing to hitchhis wagon to a starinstead of to a Take, now, the topographical record. It reproduces a motor-engine. There will alwaysremain a few dreamy scene much quickerand much better thanany artist people who, amidstchromatic crowds, scarlet taxis, and might, just as the camera reproduces a face. We Futurists highly coloured advertisements, are not there ! It is the say that apicture must be theplastic abstraction of an poets we have to watch against. We are, however, now emotion ! What emotion isthere inany scene ever getting acompetent staff of Futurist poets who will painted? But think of the cinemarepresentations of help to knock out the old nonsense ! ! scenery. Thevery trees rush across the landscape ! People shouldconstantly buy new pictures. A picture Trains, motor-cars move, and it is only necessary to have should never belived with. Who could livewith any a man atthe back, rattlinggravel, for usto get the pictureever painted ? Live,eating, drinking, sleeping, absolute emotion of speed. EvenTurner’s train gives sitting,smoking, staring every instantat one picture? nobody this emotion ! Some critics saythat Turner’s I, for instance, wouldn’t have the Monna Lisa as a gift! train gives justthis emotion, that onefeels there the Simply because I have seen hersmile reproduced all tenseness of a thing moving at its highest possible speed, roundEurope. Of course, there is no difference between that one is notoutside and a mere spectator as at the the smile as painted by Da Vinci and that reproduced by cinema where the vehicles rush past one, but inside and the camera ! As an artist, I stake my reputation on this. only less identified with the motion than men are identi- But the point is that people should be constantly buying fied with the motion of the planet. These people are, of pictures;this is betterfor all parties. And anartist course, wrong ! shouldadvertise ! Selfridgeadvertises ! ! No doubt, In painting by means of abstractions, forms, colours, much old work is as living to-day as it ever was. But dimensions, that do not imitatenatural forms, it IS it is impossible to get inspiration from it, even although possible to create emotions infinitely more stimulating it is asliving to-day as it ever was. Perhaps it never than those created bycontemplating nature ! Abstrac- was ! tions, of course, are not in nature. We Futurists are not This concludes myremarks, except that it is useless in nature. We areoutside nature, which is only moons forartists to ignore the Press justas it is useless for and moans and old ruins, and not planes and dimensions journalists to ignore the general public-that advanced and speed and that sort of thing. Turner’sspeed is, of and intelligent body beginning to realise that what Eng- course, a delusion. You have only to look at one of our land to-day is b thePast, the Futurists row areto Futurist pictures of speed to see and feel the real thing- England ! T. K. I,. everybody and things whirling-zang ! boom ! zing !-you can almost hear the man with the gravel ! ! Our second discovery is that art must be theexpres- THE EXPERT. sion,intensification, and concentration of life ! Some John St. Simon Butler was not born “ thorough,” but artistslike to consider art as somethingsolemn, ex- became so bya process generally described as painful quisite, apart from life ! This proves that our discovery withoutdue consideration as to who suffered the pain. is really quite new, and that no artist hitherto has related Having become “ thorough,”his progress throughthe artto life. We have thus introduced an entirely new world wasimpeded every minute of his lifeby some element into painting ! ! insolubleprejudice or ill-digested conception. I hadin- Our third new element is that art mustbe an intensifica- tended to become famousby writing abiography in tion of life, therefore of modern life, of which the chief twenty volumes of John St. SimonButler, but,alas ! and distinctive feature is speed ! yesterday I followed him into an ambuscade of fate. He The chief and distinctive feature of modern machinery had a dog which he wanted to sell to buy a shirt of pure -no, no, of modern life, Life !-is speed. silk,and as we were walkingdown Cromwell Road, Lookhow we popacross theAtlantic in five days- SouthKensington, we meta friend, whom, to please less! We go for thesake of the speed. Forinstance, him, I call Nietzsche. John St. SimonButler, at once Mr. Oilibank has entirely altered his character from what asked Nietzsche whether he was looking for a dog, and it was ten years ago. He pops across now to see how Nietzsche replied that he was. The consequence was an fast he can go ! He don’t want to doanything else, invitation to see John St. SimonButler’s dog, andthe bless you. He lives for speed. Speed is his life Speed following dialogue transpired while we were all looking at has displaced in him all his old outworn human plottings the animal :- andplannings. Oilibank is no more Propa of the J. St. S. B. (beaming) : Well, how do you like him? Empireand a man;he has become a geometric splen- N. (N. wasalways polite) : You know,I’m not much dour, a pure, the purest of machines, and the chief and of ajudge of dogs. distinctivefeature of his life-Life!-is speed. In in- J. St. S. B. : Come now, you’re not so uneducated as tensifying mechanical speed in ourpaintings, we give that. You’re nota schoolgirl. you, therefore, a true idea of modern life. N. : Well, it’s more a question of taste. My taste in This leads to our fourth new element-the painting of dogs is perhaps peculiar. the “states of mind” ; that is to say, we claim that by J. St. S. B. : Why drag in taste ? You know the differ- means of contrasted colours, lines, and dimensions, it is possible to give the artist’s various states of mind ! This ence between a dog and a cat, or don’t you? is supremelyimportant, as every woman would admit. N. : Yes, I suppose I do. Some people would, of course, object thatthe artist is J. St. S.. B. : Well, has “ taste ” got anything ts do not concerned withhis states of mind,but with state- with the difference between a dog and a cat? I 86

N. : No, certainly not. we wonder what you are !” we tell them, and they quite. J. St. S. B. : Well, is mine a good dog, or is it not a idiotically do not seem to take any notice of our question. good dog? ‘‘ Answer, you fools !” we go on, and still they do not, so we must forthem. First,then, greed is the highest N. : I don’t know enough about dogs. I suppose it is impulse ; second, force is the noblest work;third, and a good dog. lastly, too, theattempt to impose one’s desirefor pro- J. St. S. B. : No ‘‘ suppose ” about it! Is it a ood perty over allaround totheir disadvantage and one’s. dog? Of course, if you don’t knowanything about advantage, which is so remarkablydisliked,” they say, dogs, it’s useless wastingtime talking about It. Just but we say ‘‘ envied ” by all “ saviours ” and such give me the money, and you can take the dog, which I spinsters, eunuchs, and “nithings,” and other male per- can tell you is a good dog. sons out of action, and so frequently and unsuccessfully- N. : But I don’t want it. indulged in by them, and settled for, let us hope only J. St. S. B. : Well, a moment ago you said you wanted temporarily. So we remember thatall they are there a dog. Don’t youknow your own mind? for ” is to amuse those like us who on the heights of our N. (irritated) : Yes, I do want a dog, butnot that wisdom look down on them and MAN, with their striv- dog. ingsand their beautifuleyes andtheir passionfor. J. St. S. B. : Oh, well, what’s the matter with it, pray? children, as we said,writing only-was it last week cr N. : I didn’t sayanything was thematter with it, the week before?-anent thedignity of self-interest. did I? These foolish “ persons,” with their so ridiculously wide- J. St. S. B. : Well, first you say you want a dog; then, spreadcant and sentimentality anent joy in actionand. when the dog is produced, you don’t want it. Either justice,ignore IT,their onlooker,which does so virtu- there’s something the matter with the dog or you don’t allysupervise their everyaction. And we areIT ! knowwhat you want. But as you can’t say what’s the DORAMARSDEN, B.A., B.A. matter with it, it’s evidently the latter. R.A. AND HIS FRIENDS. N. : Well, it isn’t. By Richard Aldington. J. St. S. B. : Then what’s the matter with the dog? Do Whenever I meet myfriend Mr. F. S. Flint, I say to you know anything about dogs or are you just talking in him, “ Why, damme, Flint, old fellow, as one poet to the air? another,what are you working at now ?” Andhe re- N. : I don’t like it particularly. plies,my perfectly wonderful friendFlint, “ I’ve just J. St. J. B. : Don’t like it ! ! ! What don’t you like? had tea with the only critic in London,” or, “ I’ve just W. : The dog. written an ode to my blue socks,” or, “ I’ve been climb-- J. St. S. B. : Butyou can’t dislikea thing without ing elm-trees.” That’swhat usually happens, but last knowing why you dislike it. What do you dislike about time I saw my friend Mr. Flint I said tohim, “Why, it; the length of its tail, the condition of its coat, the num- damme, Flint, old fellow,” I said, “as one poet to another, do you know what we are now ?” Hesaid, ‘‘ I have. ber of its feet ? Can you point to any defect in it ? just hadtea and popcorn with theonly critic inthe N. : NO-0. world, so I don’t know where orwhat I am. What are J. St. S. B. : Of course you can’t ; it’s pure bred with all we?” I said,“Why, damme, Flint, old fellow, as one the points and in perfect health. Show me what’s wrong poet toanother, we’re Vorticists ! And my friend Flint. with it. said, “ That may be good enough for you, but I’m past N. (from here on N. is too exasperated to stick to the that,days ago ; I’m aVifticist. But I’m sorry, I can’t simple fact that he does not fancy the dog) : I don’t like stop now. The onlycritic that everwas wants me to that sort of dog. write an epic before :upper, and I’ve got to go and get J. St. S. B. : And what’s wrong with that sort of dog? some ink.” I said,But, damme, Flint, old fellow, as N. : The sort of dog it is. one poet to another, what is Vifticism ?” And my friend Flintsaid, “ You know. Life, beauty,marble, dead: J. St. S. B. : You want to be a little god and create only leaves,vers libre-but youreally must excuse me.” one sort of dog ! Now, everyone knows that, if it hadn’t been for me N. : I never said I only liked one sort of dog. and some of my friends, who are also poets, poetry would J. St. S. B. : Well,do you know what you did say? have been forgotten in Englandlong ago. Of course, I How can you tell whether you like only one sort of dog and my friends are all Vifticists, and always have been. when on your own confession youknow nothing about What could be more beautiful thansloppy marble and dogs ? dead leaves on the pavement,and birds hopping? Isn’t N. : Well, tell me what there is about this dog that I it? as myfriend Flintsays in his perfectlybeautiful should like. French poems. . . . J. St. S. B. : It’s a pure French poodle and has all the IS. points. By Huntly Carter. N. : But what are the points? J. St. S. B. : Get some book on dogs and study the sub- ‘‘ What is art ?” my Carter-hoarse critics ask. Let me ject for years as I have done. try to explain to their feeble intelligences. Art is Soul ! Soul is Art ! Soulis everything! Soul is pine-apples ! N. : But isn’t the net result of all these points simply Art IS ! Pine-apples ARE ! I received this revelation thatthe dog is aFrench poodle andnot someother eight years ago, when I was tending sheep with my old poodle ? patron, Professor Munchausen, for amahatma inthe J. St. S. B. : No, it isn’t. There are good and bad French FalklandIslands, some seventeenmiles east of Green- poodles. This is a perfect French poodle. Take it and wich. He it was who taught me that mass-rhythms and buya book about dogs andthen you’ll know why you soul-settings and every other wave of beauty have their should like it. rise from the spiritual harmonies of a woman’s . . . N. : But I don’tcare whether it’s a perfect French poodle or a prize Pomeranian, or an immaculate Mastiff ! CORRESPONDENCE. J. St. S. B. : Butyou want a dog-or is it reallya Madam,-The lastinstalment of Mr. James Joyce’s canary that you want ? serial in your columns (June IS) concluded as follows : N. (his politenessexhausted) : Damn it all,man ! I “That is horse stink and rotten straw,” he thought. “It is don’t want that particular bloody dog! a good odour to breathe. It will calm myheart. My (Exit Nietzsche.) W. J. T. heart is quite calm now. I will go back.” I should like totell you how often the same thoughthas suggested MORE CONTEMPTORARIES. itself to me when I have been enjoying the smells of a By C. E. BECHHOFER. stable. As I open my windows inthe morningand smell thefreshly heaped manure . . . V.-THE EGOIST. Madam,- . . . syphilis . . . Views and Comments. Madam,- . . . Dr. Havelock Ellis’s wonderful book, Anent egoism. Wehave to-day three discoveries of “The Psychology of Sex,” is the Bible of the new move- ours inthe rather obscured at leastusually so realms ment of which “The Egoist” is queen . . . of philosophy totrot out into the open,” which do so Madam,,- . . . before the wife relaxes . . . certainly and so satisfyingly seem to set us in the ranks Madam,-We, the undersigned, beg to bring the follow- of thegreat thinkers for ever. Theyare these,our ing manifesto of ours to the notice of your readers and trinity garneredopposite from the first fruits of the their husbands and lovers : “ To read or hear the praises “ saviours ” andother perverted products of manand of oneself or one’s friends is alwayspleasant. But one concerned with him. ‘‘ Twinkle twinkle, little star, how ’ prefers to do it oneself. . . .” 187

recently spoke of it as “ withered and wilted,” and the LETTERS TO THE EDITOR. description’ fits it exactly. It is difficult to see why the Leaguecontinues to drag on, except for the purpose of POPULATIONAND WAGES. providingamusement for the half-dozen ladies who run Sir,-In a recent issue you assert that “by no means about the country making nice little speeches in the style under heaven or hell can wages be raisedwhile the of the vicar’s wife at aparochial tea-party, at hole-in- competitive wage system remains in being.”Whether cornermeetings which are never heard of outsidethe any means exists“under hell” is a difficultquestion pages of the “ Review.” It hasexisted long enough to which I leave to geographers. It is, however, an his- have founded flourishingbranches in every town and torical fact that on onegreat occasion there was an centre in the kingdomand in every suburb of London, enormous rise of wages under heaven, and by studying andto haveraked in practicallyevery opponent of the recorded facts we canlearn a good dealas to how woman suffrage,whether man or woman. As it is, the wages might be raised again. list of branches in the “ Review ” gives the astonished In 1348 the Black Death swept away about one-third of reader some idea of the work leftundone; and the the people of England.The result was aninstant and brancheshave usually so few members that they might prodigiousrise of wages. All historiansare agreed on as well be non-existent. The Leagueseems to have no this point, and the fact is proved by a number of Parlia- idea that it is itsduty to hold continualmeetings all mentary statutes which were passed in the vain endeavour over thecountry, for the purpose of formingbranches, to keep down wages. andteaching the members of the organised branches The results of the Black Death are very completely set how best to work for the cause. Such branches asare forth in Chapter 8 of “Six Centuries of Workand in existencehave been formed byoutsiders, who are Wages.” They are sufficiently summarised in the follow- graciously allowed to dowhat they can,without any ing paragraphs :- assistance from Caxton House;but after the branch is “The rise in agricultural labour is, all kinds of men’s formed, the League takes a third of the subscriptions. work being taken together, about 50 percent. ; and of Even in London-at thevery doors of Caxton House- women’s work, fully 1OO per cent. The result is marked, thereare huge districts where an anti-suffragemeeting universal, permanent, and conclusive, even if we had not has never been held, but where suffragemeetings are on record the complaints of the landowners in Parliament held weekly;any suggestionmade tothe officials of that the Statute of Labourers was entirely inoperative. the League that a meeting should be organised and held “Thedearth of handstold far more on low-priced in some suchdistrict is vetoed without apology. labour than it didon high-priced. This is strikingly The Anti-Suffrage Leagueis, in fact, nothingbut a illustrated inthe price of women’s labour. Before the clique, and a clique which, as Mr. Gibbs says with truth, plague, women were employed in field work, as in reap- takes care to keepeverything in its own incompetent ing straw after the corn was cut, in hoeing, in planting hands.Any energetic worker whodesires to be any- beans, in washingsheep, and sometimes in serving the thingbut an outside worker is regarded as a pushing thatcherand tiler. Generally, they are paid at the rate person making an impertinentattempt to poach inthe of a penny a day, but sometimes less. After the plague, preserves of the clique. The suffrage societies are women’s labour is rarely recorded, but they are seldom thoroughly well organised, and the members are not only paidless than twopence, sometimes as much as three- allowed to work for their cause, but taught how to use pence, aday. The same facts are observed in boys’ theirenergies properly; therefore an enormousamount labour, which becomes much dearer. of work is got through, and weekly meetings held in all “There was no corresponding rise in the price of pro- arts of the country. The workers of the Anti-Suffrage visions. The different kinds of grain are not appreciably E League are too few to do any good, andalso much too dearer, beyond what is occasionally due to the unfavour- “ ladylike ” to do work which would be done by a pro- able character of the seasons. perlyorganised society. Theyare horror-struck atthe “The free labourer, and for the matter of that, the serf, very idea of speaking outside.Their principal idea is was, in his way, stillbetter off. Everythinghe needed to be “nice” totheir opponents,and theyapparently was as cheap as ever, and his labour was daily rising in use uptheir whole stock of niceness inthat manner, value. If the bailiff would givehim his price, well ; if and have none left for anti-suffrage workers. They prefer not, there were plenty of hands wanted in the next vil- toattend Church debating society meetings,and their lage, or a short distance off.” idea oE “ debate ” is to make a stock speech something on the lines of “ we quite acknowledge that women are This enormous change was nota short-lived one : it the superior sex, and do all the good work in the world, lasted for more than ahundred and seventy-five years. but we object to their having a vote because government Says Thorold Rogers : ‘‘I find that the fifteenth century is founded uponphysical force, andman, though a and the firstquarter of thesixteenth were the golden coarse andblundering creature, can use his fists and age of theEnglish labourer, if we are tointerpret the shoot straight.Even man hashis uses ; let us leave wages which he earned by the cost of the necessaries of himthe vote, and confine ourselves to leadinghim to life. Atno time were wages, relativelyspeaking, so heavenby our angelic example and influence.” high, and at no time was food so cheap.” It is interest- The League has alsoconsistently ignored the Press. ingto observe thatthe historicalfacts of the Black Suffragearticles andletters have been always as thick Death exactly agree with the deductions of the classical as flowers in June, but an anti-suffragearticle is never economists. Ricardo, who was probablyquite ignorant seen,and a letter rarely. It shouldhave been part of of the above facts, was thefather of theIron Law of the work of an Anti-Suffrage League to put the views of Wages : but he based his reasoning on the assumption the opponents of the suffrage before the public in an that population would always keep on growing as rapidly adequate manner, adto answer suffrage contentions and as the food supply. Ricardo, Mill, and all their followers fallacies whenever they appeared. True, Mrs. Humphry alwaysmaintained that if the labourers could restrict Ward and Mrs. Colquhoun sometimes favour the readers their numbers, they could raise wages indefinitely. of the “Times”and “Morning Post’’ with an account Nod, it is perfectlymanifest that if the limitation of of their personal views ; but they, and the clique gene- populationcaused by a plague was able to produce the above results,asimilar limitation caused by human rally, are probably too ladylike to be aware of the exist- volition would haveresults of the same character. ence of anything so vulgar asthe halfpennypapers, Hitherto the common labourers have never limited their therefore the letters of the suffrage leaders, which ought to have official replies,are not noticed. Every suffrage numbers in anycountry : they haveleft thatto the bourgeoisie anda few aristocrats of labour.There can society has a weekly paper, but the united efforts of the be little doubt, -however, that the masses will soon follow League result in a stodgy monthly affair, which nobody the example of the classes in this respect ; and the move- reads,and which nobody would know where to buy if ment could beimmensely stimulated by means of a even they did want to read it. They probably would not vigorous propaganda. I thinkthat the limitation of know what to do with a weekly paper-it is unthinkable their numbers would bring a more certain and infallible that any of the “ nice ” members would dream of selling relief tothe working population thanany other plan it in the streets. which hasyet been discussed. R. B. KERR. If some energetic opponents of the suffrage would start +** real,a live, anti-suffrage society, crowds of workers would join. MARYELIZABETH DE CARLTON. THEANTI=SUFFRAGE LEAGUE. *** Sir,-I shouldlike tothank Mr. Gibbs for hisletter on Mrs. Humphry Wardand the Anti-Suffrage League. RAISING THE COLOURBAR. Mrs. Ward would undoubtedly split the League if it had Sir,-In the discussion now going on as to the “rais- any life init, but it is moribund.A suffrage paper ing of the Colour Bar,” both the advocates and the oppo- 188

Bents of the proposal assume that to carry it into effect should first of all try to stop the importation of natives would be of great economic benefit to the mines; and the in a still lower social position fromoutside the Union. opponentsthink that the result would be greatly It is the competition of these imported hordes of savages diminished employment of whites on the Witwatersrand. that keeps down the wages of our own native residents. I think both of these generally accepted COnClusionS are It is a hopeful signthat some few of the men con- quite wrong. nected with theindustry are beginning to seethat I will deal with thelast contentionfirst. Assuming “cheaplabour” is notnecessarily cheap in its results ; that the Colour Bar were raised, how manywhite men and that what is much more wanted is greater efficiency could be dispensed withon the Reef? AS far as the in methods of work, andlay-out, and In plant. The surface men are concerned (who are about 55 per cent. of ideas of these few menare spreading. Only the other the total white complement of the mines) practically none day, before the Dominions Commission, Mr. Schumacher at all.Natives and coloured menare notlikely to re- sard that he thoughtthe solution of theindustry’s place skilled mechanics for many years to come-if at all. troubles lay in the direction of higher wages all round, Ask any enterprising and successful building contractor both for whites and blacks. in Johannesburgwhether he would preferthe kind of There remains to be dealt with another alleged advan- employees he can get at the Cape to the sort he actually tage to the employer in the use cf coloured labour in- dealswith in Johannesburgwith a view to economic stead of white men. The white man strikes; the native work. I think there is little doubt as to his answer. He does not. would take the Johannesburg working force every time. This advantage reminds one of the story of the newly- As to the underground men, a large proportion of them engaged commercial traveller, who, in sending inhis come into the same category as the overground men. No expenseaccount at the end of his firstmonth’s work, onebut a lunatic would think of replacing the under- included an item for a “suit of clothes.” The firm’s ground shift bosses, timbermen,pipe-layers, track- accountant hauled him over the coals and told him that layers,tramming foremen, lashingsuperintendents, he must not put such things into his expense account. shaft-sinkers,development contractors, and gangers of Theamount was disallowed. Thenext month’s account reclaimingoperations by coloured workers. The possi- was passed without comment. It contained no such bility of substituting coloured gangers for white men is, itemas a “suit of clothes” : but the firm paidfor the therefore, reduced to a field employing about 4,000 men. suitall the same. It was called something else. What reduction could be made thisin force? Not a verygreat one. Advocates of the proposal Thenative doesn’t strikeor make people uncomfort- thinkthat they could employ many more coloured able at Orange Grove. When the conditionsdon’t suit men if they could be legally used tocarry out himhe just squats down as a landownerand doesn’t blastingoperations, and were permittedenterto come to work. What is the economic difference between theworking places first.Well, anyone who knows a “strike”and a“shortage of nativelabour” ? The anything aboutRand mining, knows that, law or no main difference that I see is that the “shortage” is much law, the boys are alreadydoing, and have for a long more effective, from the workers’ point of view, than the time been doing, both these things to a great extent. It strike.” The white men’s “strike” has not raisedwhite is doubtfulwhether 1,500 white men could be replaced wages a penny piece in the lastfifteen years. The native’s by Natives or Cape boys on the whole of the reef, if the “shortage”has raised native wages veryconsiderably. whole of theprohibitive provisions of thepresent law The more the mines depend on native labour, the more were withdrawn. If that mere done, the mines would they will be inthe power of labourers who cannothe then veryquickly find outthat the remaining white starved out by the employer. All the recruiting arrange- supervisors would haveto be of avery much better mentsand agreements and Acts of Parliament of years calibre thanthe averageman now employed, andthat have not stopped the advance of native wages in the past ‘their wages would have to be raised.There might be -and they won’t in the future.The native is learning his power, and he is going to use it. The “silent” strike manyapplicants for theremaining jobs, but a much smallerproportion of those applying would be fit for is his weapon. +**E. J. MOYNIHAN. their work. Thedisputants on bothsides who think that the removal of the Colour Bar would lower working costs are simply talking that sort of common nonsense THE PENNY TRUMPET. which passes for common sense. Theyare saying, in Sir,-In his address to Mr. Juggins, the writer of this effect, that greater efficiency can be obtained by the use National Guildscriticism “is compelled totitter” . . . of less efficient labour, and that cheap labour by the day “such arguments as these, Mr. Juggins, are not worthy ol is cheap labour by the piece. This kind of people never a child. . . .” “I was able to assure myself thatState learnanything from the failures of others.The whole Socialism still held the field” (mark the beautiful Eng- economic experience of the world is againstthem. lish) . . . “theargument is piffling andchildish ” . . . Some timeback, inthe S.A.M. Journal,there were But, sir, I willnot weary you anyfurther. Doubtless publishednotes of what is beingdone inthe way of yourNational Guildsmen will dealthoroughly with cheap mining in Alaska. Now, there is no cheap labour the “Clarion” review, but ask them to deal gently with in Alaska, as we understand it. The unskilled labourer, that oracle of Socialism byname R. B. Suthers.They the lashers, trammers and shovellers, get a minimum of will be able to pick out many plums from the vapourings about 3 dollars a day, or a shilling more than the Miners’ of this one-eyed king of the blind. After all, perhaps such Association ask for here as the lowest wage for unskilled ignorance is what we might expect. labour.Nevertheless, asthe notes showed, the total You see, Sir, you do not allow your writers to discourse workingcost, overground and underground, in Alaska, on suchnice topics as “The Menace of Golf,” “Fac- is being brought down to 80 cents a ton, or about 3s. 4d. tion Fights or Real Conflict,” “Mr. Blurr and Blood-Oaf.” This includes 7 centsfor “ construction,” or, in other Again you do not have your paper half filled with hire words, interest on redemptionand plant. This total system bicycle advertisements, orFree Books on the cost of 3s. 4d. is, verymuch less thanthe overground Wonders of Land and Sea. Have you a daughter, Sir? If costsalone of these fields, for all its cheap labour, and so, couldn’t you scratch her back in Notes of the Week, its native at2s. a day. If interest and redemptionon capital and she would stroke your whiskers in “Pastiche,” thus is takeninto account, the overground charges on the giving your paper that glow of comradeship to be found Witwatersrand are about double the total costs in these amongstthe whirling wheelers. We should liketo call new Alaskandevelopments. The managementcharges you Pa, especially if you would tell us what you like to alone on the Reef are about half the total costs now in eat, and also give the name of the dictionary you prefer ; sight at Juneau. of course, it would be advertised in the same issue. Then, The whole question in its immediate as ect is Sir, consider how nice Black Catcigarettes and safety academic. The Colour Bar is not likelyto be withdrawn, razors would look placed side by side with “A. E. R.’s” and it would makemighty little difference if it were. review-so homely I think. You do lacktaste in these For my part, I would like to see the whole of the restric- matters. tions on the natives taken from theStatute Book. I Do not deal harshly with R. B. Suthers ; he is doing have lived in a country three years after its slave popu- hisbest; State Socialism, youknow the hope of the lation were admitted to freecitizenship, where a large whirled,assisted by advts. for safety razors. Courage, proportion of thoseslaves were African natives still Sir, but I do ho e ou have a daughter; it would be so speaking their own language; and I know that all the homely, we shouldd e so happy, it would look so nice in terribleevils expected to arise if the Legislation re- print, and you would also gain many subscribers if you pressingthenative is withdrawn are absolutely flattered them a little, say, by addressing them as “Dear imaginary. Those who wish to do “justice” to the native Mr. Juggins,” so homely I think. You just wait until we so that he can rise from his present low Social position, get 400 Labour Members in Parliament,all determined 189

and above price; of course, that will be when National andSaid, when enlisting in the army was the ideal of Guilds is issued inpenny pamphlets (see review). every Egyptian. W. R. Now that the army is SO small and weak as a result of P.S.-I shallstill continue to read the “Clarion” in that blessed intervention of British Control in Egyptian Current Cant. administration for thirty years, those responsible for the *. * * occupation, say unblushingly that Britain cannot evacuate at Present, for the latter cannot alone face an invader. Ta THE BASIS OF THEGUILD. these gentlemen we would only say, “If you intend the Sir,-Ought not J. A. Frome Wilkinson to add one more welfare of Egypt, for God’s sake leave us alone and let US to his five mainguilds, viz., that of distribution.For restore to Egypt an armyworthy of the one that con- twenty odd years we have been endeavouring to organise quered Syria and the Wahabies in timeof Mohamed Ali all distributive workers in one Trade Union-all grades The army is not the only question that obtrudes itself in all trades including the highest positions of manage- in this connection. Thereare numerous other questions, ment. Tu-day we standnearly 1OO,OOO strong,and our important and vital. It will be difficult to deal with them task not yet one-quarter finished-but we shallarrive. all in this short letter, but a reference to some of them Meanwhile, you will be interested to know that the seed may be made. of your ideas is finding much fruitful soil amongst our I. TheGovernment, with the full knowledge that the members. P. C. HOFFMANN. “National Bank” takes 9 percent. as interest, gives SO (London Organiser, National Union Shop generously thesurplus of the“Wakfs” at an interest Assistants.) of 14 per cent. only. *** 2. The Government is responsiblefor the financial TURKAND GREEK. bankruptcy that befell theEgyptian market since the time of Lord Cromer, for she helped to develop the then Sir,-May I warn your readers to accept all stories of high speculations on the Bourse, and nevertried to do atrocities emanating from Greek sources with the greatest anything to safeguard the wealth of the people in spite of reserve anddistrust. the warning and outcry of the national Press. Thedissemination of stories of outrageand atrocity is a prominent feature in modern Greek diplomacy, and 3. The Government has over and over again refused the it would not be surprising to learn that there is a special demand of the nation for the growing of tobacco, which Government bureau for this purpose. At the very outset would be a great source of wealth tothe country. No of the last Balkan war, telegrams were published in the excuse other than that the cultivation might affect that of official Greek bulletins announcing that Turkish medical cotton is made. Of course, we would excuse the Govern- officers were going to the front with tubes full of cholera ment for its action for it is guided by a sincere love for the and typhus bacilli which they hoped to spread amongst cottonmanufacturers of Lancashire. the armies of the Allies. M. Caradjas was asked to 4. The Government has made war against the “Agricul- prove thisstatement, but so farhas notattempted to tural Unions” whose object is to provide the poor peasants substantiate a single word nor yet had the consideration with seed of the best kind at a rate much lower than the to withdraw these disgraceful charges. market price. Still more, the price may be paid after the Duringthe campaign the Greeks accused both Turks products have been sold. andBulgars of committing the mosthorrible atrocities, 5. The Government is so careful about spending money andyet those in aposition to judgehave assured the on the general education iri Egypt ! It gives only 24 per writer that the Greeks themselves were by far the worst cent. of its income for that purpose, while other countries offenders. C. F. DIXON-JOHNSON. spend 8; per cent. What it saves it spends rashly in other directions. ** * 6. Bribery in every Government department is still THETRUE SITUATION IN EGYPT. flourishing even among some of the high officials. Sir,-In reference to Lord Kitchener’s reportabout 7. Spies are the only people who enjoy complete liberty, Egypt, the Press haspaid a high tribute to him as an and since thedark days of SaidPasha, the late Prime admmistrator and a great statesman, and referred to the Minister, they havemultiplied in number. The poor Britishgenius for rule over subject races. TheEnglish journalistshave to choose the most polite words, and Press need hardly be reminded that Egypt is not a part of avoid any criticismagainst any Governmentact or any theBritish Empire;nay, and never will be as long as official. They must submit to that condition, for a word there are Egyptians alive. Such stress and emphasis laid from the Minister of theInterior is quite sufficient to by the Press on so called British rule in Egypt is simply bring the life of any paper to an end. If the Government, anattempt atthe violation of theInternational Law, however, wantsto be just and upright it sendsthose which declares Egypt an internally independent country, journalists to the criminalcourt. The appeal granted to under thesuzerainty of the Sultan. Moreover, itis an murderersand burglars is not enjoyed bythese poor insult to the Britishnation which, throughone of her editors and writers. greatestPrime Ministers, promised mostsolemnly to Public speakers are no longer allowed to hold meetings evacuate Egypt as soon as possible. It is strange to note in these so-called happy days of Egypt under British rule. in this connection that England neverpaid her debt of We do not ask England toimprove or abolish any of these honour, but insteadmost unjustly declared through her acts or conditions, for our Khedive and his Ministry are present Secretary that she meant to occupy Egypt for ever. responsible before us. One thingand only one we ask Looking at that illegal interference of the British Con- England to do-to evacuate Egypt and not to pretend to sul-General in the Administration of Egypt, anybody who love Egypt or Egyptians. has any acquaintancewith that countrywill see quite Webeg to sign ourselves, on behalf of theSphinx plainly that that interference means the retardation of the Society, yoursfaithfully, naturalprogress of the land of the old Pharaohs. Itis A. H. HILMY,President. not an honest interference, meant to settle peace among S. DISSOUKY,Secretary. the Egyptians and to educate and “civilise ” ( ?) them ; * * .k it is aregrettable intervention which, consideringthe present condition of affairs in Egypt, has nothingof good- A LETTER FROM HADES. will about it. A few examples will suffice to prove this Sir,-Again Plutopermits me to writeto you. A de- statement. ceased Fabian (God knows how he got here) has told me With a genuine love for the Egyptians such as the one many things concerning an Act of Parliament. It is called Lord Kitchener pretends to have,a greatand urgent the Trades Board Act, and I judgeby its naturethat question forthe administrator of Egyptian affairs, con sharks in the sea are not so numerous as those in your sidering the geographical position of Egypt, is to main unlovelyisland. The purpose of this Act, as I gather tain in Egypt a strong army capable of facing any in- from theafore-mentioned Mr. Duckfeet, is to create a mini- vaders at anytime, say, fur instance, at atime when mum wage, which assuredlywill be amaximum wage England may be engaged in a warwith some other But, mark you, Sir, what class of wretch comes under its country. That most important question has been shame-. provisions! All industries engaged in packing the fruits fully neglected. The army is limited to 18,000, andhas of the earth in vessels are to pay every girl over the age been reduced to 10,ooo out of a population of IZ,OOO,OOO. of eighteen thesum of 13s. gd. per week. Thoseunfor- The officers arenot well trained, deficient in military tunate females who have been born without a birth certi- knowledge, both practical and theoretical, and the soldiers ficate will beforced to get one. This paper,registering are so badly treated that it is a matter of remorse for any- the unluckiest day of their life, costs 3s. 7d. What revenue body to be at the present time enlisted as a soldier. We forthe gloriousGovernment you possess. Themouths should never forget those glorious days of Mohamed Ali of your uncouth and piggish Labour Members will water, 190

and the eyes of your Liberals will glisten, for doth not a phrase : “That which has not perfect form is not Italian.” General Election loom in the distance ? How excellent, said Sig,. Croce, are the works of Ariosto Mr. Spiderhouse hath toldme of his visions whereby in form and idea. And as I wasleaving he called me pre-natal influence would automatically brand the female back and, laughing, held out a book. “I have penetrated jam tipplers at birth and thus do away with the issue of into novels,” hesaid, and showed meEden Phillpotts’ script. “Joy of Youth’’ (or some such title), and opened it at a Concerning the effects of this Act, I have scarcely the page whereon his nameappeared. “This author,” he heartto write. Therewill be apremium on efficiency; said, “hasquite misunderstoodmy philosophy, entirely there will be few who can earn it, and it will create by its misunderstood it. He has read a brochure upon it by an uniformity closer relationship between the captains of in- American, whose namehe mentions.” Then came the dustry; no lusty wench will be able to get more wages most unkindest cut of all.For, as we laughed over the (vile word) by transferring herlabour. If shebe in- references to “a son of the soil, Benedetto Croce by efficient, the gods help her, for she will never know the name,” heasked me : “Is thisauthor a woman or a reason why she cannot get employment. man ? ” B. Consider, Sir, that the Cymric Messiah, the hireling of *** the rich,oh, my soul, where am I? Consider, Sir, in short, he with the chilly spotted snake in his bosom. This THESERIOUSNESS OF MR. SHAW AGAIN. concentrated evil hath caused gd. Insurance stamps to be Sir,-Following on Mr. G. K. Chesterton’stestimony printed by the million. Now, these will not be required. to Mr. Shaw’sbeing a “great and disinterestedman of The plum-stonepulpers will have to pay gd. per week letters,” wenow have Mr. Chesterton minor’s assurance instead of Id. ; thus, for their small increase, they will that every line Mr. Shaw writes on Shakespeare proves pay in the first year 3s. 7d. for badge of birth, and 8s. 4d. that he is the “keenest of studentsand appreciative for extra insurance. Sharks, my good Sir ! I could love critics of thegreat dramatist”-keenest of students,” them, fondle them,call them soft names, stroketheir maybe ; but appreciation-? Well,certainly not inthe teeth,and kiss their eyelids, but when I consider your way he is appreciative of Ibsen, of whom hehas also rulers I cannotexpress the impression. Mr. Louse-Trap been the keenest of students. Here are a few specimens. Duck Quack told me that this legislation was all for the “Shakespeare, who knew human weakness so well, never good of the Poohah. Petronius and I could stand this no knew human strength of the Caesarian type. His Caesar longer, so we forthwith had his body thrown to Cerberus. is an admitted failure. . . . It cost Shakespeare no pang It now transpiresthat Mr. Fabianus Weave had bribed to write Caesar down for the meretechnical purpose of Charon with the promise of a better job in Hades as soon writingBrutus up. And whataBrutus ! A perfect as his colleague Mr. Servilius Status Shor arrived. Girondin.” THEOGNIS. Mr. Shaw’s Caesar, by the way, is explicitly offered as *** an “improvement,” although he does try to save his face bysaying, withsurely mock modesty, that he doesn’t AMISSIONARY UP TODATE. profess to write better plays than Shakespeare. “Shake- Sir,-The Principal of the Livingstone College is very speare finally strains all his huge command of rhetoric ingenuous. He saysthat inmy letterconcerning the andstage pathos togive a theatrical sublimity tothe self-doctoring missionary from Tanganyika announced to wretched end”-of Antonyand Cleopatra--“who are to address the college, the context of the quotation was be found in every public-house. Out,out, brief omitted. But this is incorrect, as I singled out from candle ! criesShakespeare, In histragedy of the the list of speakers one name and the whole of the de- modern literary man as murderer and witch consulter.” scription attached to it, and I said so. Mr. Harford now “But when our Shakespeares and Thackerays (0,for an elaborates myletter with one twice its length,saying hour of Yellowplush !) muddle up the matter at the end that the purpose of his college is to teachmissionaries by killing somebody andcovering your eyes with the to doctor themselves and their families. Very well, then undertaker’shandkerchief, duly onioned with some -a whole college of missionaries up to date. pathetic phrase, as The flight of angels sing thee to thy CARL ERIC. rest ( ?) or Adsum, or the like, I have no respect for them * * * atall : suchmaudlin tricks may impose on tea- drunkards, not on me.” Enough. Mr. Shawseems to VAIHINGER’S “ AS IF.” be as much a pro-Shakespearean as the “New Witness” is Sir,-Don’t worry ; “ R. H. C.3 ” reading is not so a pro-Semite. behind Vaihinger’s.“Als Ob,” althoughwritten in But there is onesentence of Mr. Chesterton’s to 1875, was notpublished till 1911 ; therehas been no be emphatically endorsed : “The psychological analysis Englishtranslation. Much of the book is tediousand of sex is a thing peculiar to diseased societies, and never unreadable. leads to anythingbut abominations”-as, for instance, His main thesis will be familiar to readers of Stallo’s Tolstoy’s “Resurrection,” Ibsen’s “Ghosts,”and Mr. critical work, “ Concepts andTheories of Modern Shaw’stravesty of it, “Mrs. Warren’s-. Profession.” It Physics ”-a brilliant piece of metaphysic. One of the would be idle to deny that Mr. Shaw’s affections tend best works inthe International Scientific Series,one rather to Ibsen and Tolstoy than to Shakespeare. Shake- would like to see it in a shilling edition. speare did not write “problem plays.” That is the head M. D. EDER. and front of his offending, and Mr. Shaw, with the parrot- *** cry picked up from Tolstoy about writing for Art’s sake, INNAPLES. sees morality only in his fellow “demireps of science”- to quote one who was not exactly a prude--“who fancied Sir,-I recentlytook theopportunity to visit Sig. that not to be ashamed is a proof of knowledge as, in our Benedetto Croce. In spite of his work andm7 stiff firstparents, it was of innocence.” Ibsen, Tolstoy,and French, he spared me a few minutes’conversatlon, in George Bernard Shaw-a pretty trinity of demireps ! Two which we touched on many things, from the sublime to bluebottles and a mosquito, I call them. the ridiculous, from the Guildsand Ariosto to Deussen It is regrettableto find such inthe mainhealthy- andPhillpotts. Mr. Croce is ashort, broad man of minded critics as the Chestertons associating themselves middleage, and lightin complexion. His eyes, set with one whose sole bit of philosophy is displayed in an ratherunevenly beneath almostinvisible eyelashes, are apishand senseless abuse of idealism. Theymust rate large and wide apart, and his voice is calm and pleasing. “literaryexpertness” very high if it is to condone the Of theguilds he approved,remarking that withthe cynical creed of Sadduceism of which Mr. Shaw isthe withdrawal of M. Sorel,Syndicalism’s short life was more or less “disinterested” apostle. done. But it mustbe remembered that“La Critica,” FELIXELDERLY. Sig. Croce’s monthlypaper, is not concerned with *** politics, but only with literature, history and philosophy. He spoke with contempt of Deussenism and other “philo- ‘‘SICKERTAND NEO-REALISM.” logists’ philosophy,”and of “book-philosophy”gener- Sir,-Mr. Sickert so deliberatelymisrepresents me in ally. His own philosophy was, he said, not a philosophy hisarticle, “The Thickest Painters in London,” that as from books, but from observation, for he had seen much I cannot expect many people to read again all the para- of life and of men,and until twelve yearsago hehad qraphs about thick paint and Mr. Lamb, mixed up with occupied himself withquite different matters,history ‘couplets of music-hall songs which hehas written, and and literature, but coming then to reflect he found that still has my letter, I will say simply what I did say. he had formed a philosophy without endeavouring to do I said or implied that it is as right for one man to paint so. thick as for another to paint thin. I said this in defence He mentioned a book upon Italian literature by a Mr. of Mr. Ginner. Garnettas, though of little value, containing one good The creed of a Neo-realist, which he seems to be inte- 191 rested in, is individualist,and, consequently, tolerant. an Expressionist.” I am. I love thelanguage of the Critics have become so discredited now that it is inte- people, an’d I have always admired le mot de Cambonne. resting to know that the painters of the last generation I belong to the old Guard. La garde meurt, mais ne se were. depressed, and, still more .wonderful, elated by their vend pas. But revenons ir nos moutons, I wanted to tell opinions. Hence, the moderncritic’s utter lack of the you that I alwayswas a pure painter : a sort of Fra sense of responsibility. HAROLDGILMAN. Angelico, who always painted it genoux, you know. What *+* the devil are you laughingat ? Ieunehomme, vous n’avez pas lesentiment religieux; but all this, I allow, DESIGN IN PAINTING. has got nothing to do with the matter in hand, but as the old music-hall song says :- sir,-Mr. WalterSickert states that “in apicture, design is the only thing that matters.” ‘(Tommy make room for your uncle, Ye Gods! Halfthe popular pictures in the Royal There’s a little dear : Academy are most excellent in design and composition. Tommy make room for your uncle : I take quite the opposite view, and say that good corn- I want him to sit here : position never yetmade apicture. What becomes of You know mama has got a bun, drawing, technical knowledge, colour, tone, and the thou- That she will give to you : There’s a good boy : sand and one qualities of observation and practice, and, Now don’t annoy : above all,the painter’s own temperament?Had Hals, Make room for your uncle do.” the greatest painter of them all, any special Sense Of de- sign? “The“Archers of St, George,” at Haarlem, 1s Yes, sir--Si Seiiur-but it is the uncle who has to make probably the most badly designed picture in the world, room for Tommy nowadays, and Place aux dames has be- but a wondrously painted thing by one of the greatest come the mot dJordre; but my grandfather used to tell souls who ever handled a brush. And the same may be me how he always voted against the admission of Angelica said of a score or two of his portraits and portrait groups. Kaufmann to the membership of the Royal Academy. Oui What qualities of design hadthe mighty Leonardo? autrefois mais nous avons changC tout cela. But all this, Could there be a more awkward composition thanthe yousay, is aprodionyson. Whatever’s that? Oge of the “St. Gerome,” or some of the cartoons, the Adoration,” Vorticlsts? I am sure I don’t know. AskLamb. He for instance, or the ‘‘ St. Anne,” or even the Virgin of knows everything. the Rocks” ? “He knows about it all : he knows, he knows.” You can find a dozen students in every art school who You say, that I said I promised to tell you something know more of conventional design and composition than about Impasto : I never said anything of the sort : I don’t Hals or Leonardo ever knew ; but they arenot artists, and know anythingabout it. AskLamb. He knows. I said those in the South Kensingtun schools, who are drilled in it was past two. Deux heures passdes, as the old music- little else, probably never will be. hall song says :- No-composition never yet made a picture. ‘‘ We won’t go home till morning, HUGH BLAKER. Till daylight doth appear.” f * * Allezvous coucker mes enfants, dormez bien, soyez sages. You saythat I invitedGilman an,d Ginnerto LAYING IT ONTHICK. dinner : and that Gilman has shed his flannel shirt, and Sir,--“C’est magnifique mais ce nJestpas la guerre.” put on a dinner-jacket and a boiled rag; and Ginner has I never was much of a French scholar myself, CeZh vu hada new set of teethbuilt for the occasion. No, I sans dire, but I knew enough English not to write Books- never did. They: haveboth stepped up uninvited to my seller over my shop : like thatold fool, and my old friend : table. I amsorry for their disappointment, but remem- Tousles Zoups sontfrbres, George Moore the almanac ber. Les idtfes fixes deviennent la folie; and if they will maker : in place of Bookseller. I never could get him to get such doctrinaire ideas into thejr heads, that I am in see it was wrong : although I hadmany anargument the habit of inviting my friends to dinner, it is not my with himabout it; but the worst argument I ever had fault. EZZos tienen la culpa. Theyhave the thickest with him was about a little six months’ affair : a b3 of heads in London;and yet I forgivethem. We all get paper, you know : “Walter,” he says, says he, “Walter, strange ideas into our heads at times ; become quite t&te mon vieux, I prophesy,” he was a prophet by trade, you month, in fact-as the old music-hall song says : know, son metieretait d’ttre prophdte, “that I am the “ We all do it, we all do it, first and last man who will ever take your note” : et il We all do it, though sometimes we may rue it : avait bien dit, il avait raison. Mon Dieu ! The man was Yet we all do it, we all do it, right, first last,and all the time : the same as I was And we’ll all do it, till the end of the world.” myself when I prophesied that the old josser would be Funny ideas ! Yes, as the old music-hall song says :- dead in fifty years, he being then in his seventies. Since “ But we’ve all ‘got ’em, when he has neversmiled again. But what times we We’ve all got ’em, used to have. ’Tho perhaps it is not right of me to tell : “ When we were boys : Yet we’ve all got ’em, Merry, merry boys : We’ve all got ’em, When we were boys together.” And we could not do without them very well.” SenorSickert tosted tisne un repertorionotable. Sir, Ca nenous rejeunit pas. Les bons vieux temps ne youflatter me. What saidFletcher of Saltoun?“Let revielzdrunt plus. I remember coming home one night with him ana Sir Barthemy Bloggs to whom that evenlng me make the songsof the people and I care not who makes I had just introduced him, and he would insist that the the Laws.” I don’t carewhat you say : I did notsay impasto : I t,ell you again I know nothing about it; and officer of the watch was nota genuine Constable. “Je I didnot invite you both to dinner. I will puton my memoque de vous,JJ hesaid. Espdcede fourneau. YOU yellow jacketand flay you both alive, if you are not are no more a genuine Constable than I am. C’est bien careful. Pourencourager les autres : vousles jeunes. vrairepondit le pic. You arebut a Bedford policeman I keep on telling you-that there is no dinner for you : yourself. VOus n’&tes pas un connktable ni de la France and De nun upparentibuset non existentibuseadem est ni de I’Angleterre. Allez z;o~en, mon petit bon homme. ratio. Let us go out and get some? Certainly not at this A la cam- la cama.” “You belong tothe Futurist hour : Queescandolo ! The Cabaret is shut down upon Force,” replied the old guffin, and your name is Roberts. parordre du Roi, and Ginner’s elephant has packed up Robert, toi que j’aime ! Tout lasse, tout passe, tout casse. trunk, and gone to fresh fields and new Past, present, and future.” “Go’home-it’s time you its off impastos. were in bed,” replied the officer of the Law. Time ! ‘‘ Nous n’irions pas plus aux bois, car les lauriers so%t Time was made for slaves. Tempus fugit: Tempus edax GOUpkS.,’ Yerzmz- Mort azcx vaches ! andbreaking into the old But talking is dry work, as the old music-hall song says : music-hall ditty, the old gieser sang :- “Says the young Obadiah to the old Obadiah : I am dry, Obadiah-I am dry, I am dr - “ Every member of the force Has a watch and chain, of course : Says the old Obadiah to the young Obadiah; If you want to know the time, So am I, Obadiah, so am I, so am 1.’’ Ask a. policeman.” Ah, youth ! youth! YOU young Obadiahs,what say YOU? AS the old music-hall songsays :-“Champagne He was run in, and fined nextmorning, for “insulting Charlie is my name.” Let’s split a bottle of stone ginger behaviour .’ y among the three of us and say no more about it. Prosit. NOW, the moral of all this is, that it is unwise to hurt Je vous souhaitebon @petit. Bon provechoSeGoyes. People’s feelings. “ Mr. Sickert, I perceive that you are ARIFIGLIO. 192

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