Youth Transitions Among Descendants of Turkish Immigrants

IMISCOE Research Series Elif Keskiner Youth Transitions among Descendants of Turkish Immigrants in Amsterdam and Strasbourg: A Generation in Transition IMISCOE Research Series This series is the official book series of IMISCOE, the largest network of excellence on migration and diversity in the world. It comprises publications which present empirical and theoretical research on different aspects of international migration. The authors are all specialists, and the publications a rich source of information for researchers and others involved in international migration studies. The series is published under the editorial supervision of the IMISCOE Editorial Committee which includes leading scholars from all over Europe. The series, which contains more than eighty titles already, is internationally peer reviewed which ensures that the book published in this series continue to present excellent academic standards and scholarly quality. Most of the books are available open access. For information on how to submit a book proposal, please visit: http://www. imiscoe.org/publications/how-to-submit-a-book-proposal. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13502 Elif Keskiner Youth Transitions among Descendants of Turkish Immigrants in Amsterdam and Strasbourg: A Generation in Transition Elif Keskiner Department of Sociology Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands ISSN 2364-4087 ISSN 2364-4095 (electronic) IMISCOE Research Series ISBN 978-3-030-11789-4 ISBN 978-3-030-11790-0 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11790-0 Library of Congress Control Number: 2019934344 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2019, corrected publication 2019. This book is published open access. 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The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland To Deniz and Ada Acknowledgments This book is the result of a 5-year PhD research effort where I had the luxury to go through an enduring experience of researching the lives of the descendants of Turkish migrants in Strasbourg and Amsterdam. During my research and throughout my experience of living in the Netherlands and France, I was always fascinated by their creativity to encompass and embrace various worlds into their being. To my understanding, by their mere existence, they continued to challenge all the boundar- ies that are invented and enforced upon us. I realized my interest in them did not stem from an identification issue as they were the natives and I was the migrant. I could only try to put myself in the shoes of their parents, who left their lives and families behind in Turkey with the hope that they will go back someday, a longing I myself now often endure. However, the second generation represented the future and their inspiring experience rendered questions of stay or return redundant. Hence I want to begin by expressing my gratitude to my respondents for inspiring me, opening their hearts and lives to me. I have learned so much from them, and I hope I have managed to do justice to their generosity. I would like to thank my PhD promoters Prof. Maurice Crul, Prof. Manuela du Bois, and Prof. Jan Rath for their supervision and encouragement during my PhD research. The Institute for Migration and Ethnic Studies at the University of Amsterdam provided an academically stimulating but also a congenial working environment for me as a PhD. Among many others, there I’ve met Maria Bruquetas, Manolis Pratsinakis, and Yannis Tzaninis, who have become great colleagues and dear friends, and I am so grateful that we continue to support and stimulate each other. TIES project introduced me to a great network of scholars where my special thanks go to Jens Schneider, Philipp Schnell, and Levent Soysal for their indispens- able contributions. Writing my dissertation into a book was another craft of understanding and writing. I realized how much I have grown as a researcher and an academic since the completion of my PhD. For that, I am indebted to Maurice Crul, who has been my inspirational mentor. Not only during my doctoral study but also after I have had the chance to work with him in various great projects such as Elites, RESL.eu, and now the BAM Project, and I have learned from him tremendously. I am very proud vii viii Acknowledgments to have shared this learning experience with colleagues and friends from these projects: Ismintha Waldring, Sara Rezai, Frans Lelie, Talitha Stam, and Ali Konyali. In preparing this manuscript, I am grateful to Anna Triandafyllidou and Irina Isaakyan from the editorial board of IMISCOE Springer for their ceaseless encouragement and assistance and the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive and meticulous reviews. A special thanks go to Liz Cross for her editorial work. All the responsibility for what is written herein lies with me alone. I am indebted to my parents Asuman and Haydar Keskiner for their eternal support and belief in me. I am grateful to my in-laws, Delgen family, for their encouragement throughout the entire journey. My greatest thanks go to my love Levent, without whom none of this would have materialized. He was present since the first day of my PhD, and before, and his existence was irreplaceable and invaluable. During the making of this book, a great transformation happened in our lives and our daughters Deniz and Ada joined us. Ada endured many of the book revisions in my belly and Deniz as a 2-year toddler, so they deserve a big applause. Since the beginning of this journey, Zeynep Tufekcioglu, Zeynep Yanasmayan, Zeynep Kasli, Isil Oztaysi, Nazli Senses, and Ozge Biner formed my greatest support group some- times as dearest friends or colleagues and even some as mothers. Such women’s solidarity has been crucial for my survival. Thank you all! In writing this book, I have gone from being a researcher of second generation to being a parent of second generation. Now my husband and I, as migrant parents, are faced with various challenges that most of my respondents and their parents have gone through. The inspiring pathways of second generation in this book continue to encourage me and give endurance. I hope they also become an inspiration for my daughters, Deniz and Ada, to whom I dedicate this book. Contents 1 Youth Transitions of Descendants of Turkish Immigrants �� 1 1.1 Youth Transitions �� 5 1.2 Conceptual Tools of the Study �� 7 1.3 Case Selection and Methodology �� 13 1.4 Data Collection and Research Techniques �� 18 References �� 21 2 Prolonged Transitions: Early Tracking and Its Implications for Transitions �� 27 2.1 Introduction �� 27 2.2 Stratification in Education Systems �� 28 2.3 Transition Experience in Amsterdam and Strasbourg �� 36 2.4 Social Trajectories and Habitus; Experiences of Respondents in a Given Track and How the Track Shapes Them �� 46 2.5 Conclusion: Pre-conditioned Youth Transitions and the Role of Parents �� 48 References �� 50 3 Blurring of the Transition Point: Combining Work and Study �� 53 3.1 Introduction �� 53 3.2 Structural

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