1900–1950: Benefits of Research
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Chapter 5: Human Dimensions of Agroforestry Systems. In
Chapter 5 Human Dimensions of Agroforestry Systems Kate MacFarland Kate MacFarland is an assistant agroforester, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service, USDA National Agroforestry Center. Contributors: Craig Elevitch, J.B. Friday, Kathleen Friday, Frank K. Lake, and Diomy Zamora Craig Elevitch is the director of Agroforestry Net; J.B. Friday is the extension forester, University of Hawaii at Manoa College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources Cooperative Extension Service; Kathleen Friday is the Forest Legacy/Stewardship program manager—Hawai’i and Pacific Islands, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Region, State and Private Forestry;Frank K. Lake is a research ecologist, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station;Diomy Zamora is an extension professor of forestry, University of Minnesota Extension. The success of agroforestry in adapting and mitigating climate regarding other types of conservation practices. This research change depends on many human dimensions surrounding agro- suggests diverse and complex motivators and factors for conser- forestry. This chapter reviews research on the adoption of new vation decisionmaking, reflecting the diversity of landowners practices by landowners and examines cultural perspectives on and land managers, land management practices, and ecosystems agroforestry. Diverse and complex motivators for conservation involved (e.g., Baumgart-Getz et al. 2012, Knowler and Bradshaw decisionmaking reflect the diversity of landowners, land 2007, Napier et al. 2000, Pannell et al. 2006, Prokopy et al. 2008). management practices, and ecosystems and provide a variety of The decision to adopt and implement conservation practices is opportunities to encourage agroforestry adoption. made by land managers for economic and cultural objectives and is influenced by knowledge from other practitioners and The chapter also reviews tribal and indigenous systems as models available technical guidance. -
The Role of Old-Growth Forests in Frequent-Fire Landscapes
Copyright © 2007 by the author(s). Published here under license by the Resilience Alliance. Binkley, D., T. Sisk, C. Chambers, J. Springer, and W. Block. 2007. The role of old-growth forests in frequent-fire landscapes. Ecology and Society 12(2): 18. [online] URL: http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol12/ iss2/art18/ Synthesis, part of a Special Feature on The Conservation and Restoration of Old Growth in Frequent-fire Forests of the American West The Role of Old-growth Forests in Frequent-fire Landscapes Daniel Binkley 1, Tom Sisk 2,3, Carol Chambers 4, Judy Springer 5, and William Block 6 ABSTRACT. Classic ecological concepts and forestry language regarding old growth are not well suited to frequent-fire landscapes. In frequent-fire, old-growth landscapes, there is a symbiotic relationship between the trees, the understory graminoids, and fire that results in a healthy ecosystem. Patches of old growth interspersed with younger growth and open, grassy areas provide a wide variety of habitats for animals, and have a higher level of biodiversity. Fire suppression is detrimental to these forests, and eventually destroys all old growth. The reintroduction of fire into degraded frequent-fire, old-growth forests, accompanied by appropriate thinning, can restore a balance to these ecosystems. Several areas require further research and study: 1) the ability of the understory to respond to restoration treatments, 2) the rate of ecosystem recovery following wildfires whose level of severity is beyond the historic or natural range of variation, 3) the effects of climate change, and 4) the role of the microbial community. In addition, it is important to recognize that much of our knowledge about these old-growth systems comes from a few frequent-fire forest types. -
Restoring Historical Forest Conditions in a Diverse Inland Pacific
Restoring historical forest conditions in a diverse inland Pacific Northwest landscape 1, 1 2 1 JAMES D. JOHNSTON, CHRISTOPHER J. DUNN, MICHAEL J. VERNON, JOHN D. BAILEY, 1 3 BRETT A. MORRISSETTE, AND KAT E. MORICI 1College of Forestry, Oregon State University, 140 Peavy Hall, 3100 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, Oregon 97333 USA 2Department of Forestry and Wildland Resources, Humboldt State University, 1 Harpst Street, Arcata, California 95521 USA 3Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado Forest Restoration Institute, Colorado State University, 1472 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 USA Citation: Johnston, J. D., C. J. Dunn, M. J. Vernon, J. D. Bailey, B. A. Morrissette, and K. E. Morici. 2018. Restoring historical forest conditions in a diverse inland Pacific Northwest landscape. Ecosphere 9(8):e02400. 10.1002/ecs2.2400 Abstract. A major goal of managers in fire-prone forests is restoring historical structure and composition to promote resilience to future drought and disturbance. To accomplish this goal, managers require infor- mation about reference conditions in different forest types, as well as tools to determine which individual trees to retain or remove to approximate those reference conditions. We used dendroecological reconstruc- tions and General Land Office records to quantify historical forest structure and composition within a 13,600 ha study area in eastern Oregon where the USDA Forest Service is planning restoration treatments. Our analysis demonstrates that all forest types present in the study area, ranging from dry ponderosa pine-dominated forests to moist mixed conifer forests, are considerably denser (273–316% increase) and have much higher basal area (60–176% increase) today than at the end of the 19th century. -
Three Days' Forest Festival on the Biltmore Estate
DECEMBER 5, 1908 AMERICAN LUMBERMAN. 35 THREE DAYS’ FOREST FESTIVAL ON THE BILTMORE ESTATE. --------------------------------------- Extraordinary Outing of Representatives of All Concerned With Timber From the Tree to the Trade—Biltmore Estate, the Property of George W. Vanderbilt, Used Educationally in a Unique Celebration Under the Direction of C. A. Schenck, Ph. D.—Authorities Invade the Woods for Lectures by the Master Forester—Openhanded, Open Air Hospitality—Anniver= saries Signalized in an Unprecedented Way—Beauti= ful Biltmore in Story and Verse. --------------------------------------- known as the Biltmore estate. The invitations, eagerly milling operations and surveying. They enter practically BILTMORE. accepted, brought to Asheville, N.C., of which Biltmore is a into the various methods of timber estimating, including suburb, many of the country’s best known to professional the strip method, the “forty” method and Schenck’s We are but borrowers of God’s good soil, and business life as directly or indirectly interested in any method, and for ten continuous days they estimate on phase of timber growth, from its inauguration and some tract to be cut for an estate mill. Here they endure Free tenants of His field and vale and hill; preservation to its commercial utilization. These and the all he hardships of a timber estimator’s life; working We are but workmen ‘mid his vines to toil multitude of others who will be interested in these eight hours a day, cooking their own meals and sleeping To serve his purpose and obey His will. chronicles of the recent forest festival will be glad to learn in the open rolled up in blankets. -
Implementing Sustainable Forest Management Using Six Concepts In
Journal of Sustainable Forestry, 29:79–108, 2010 Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 1054-9811 print/1540-756X online DOI: 10.1080/10549810903463494 WJSF1054-98111540-756XJournalImplementing of Sustainable Forestry,Forestry Vol. 29, No. 1, January-March 2009: pp. 0–0 Sustainable Forest Management Using Six Concepts in an Adaptive Management Framework ForestB. C. Foster in an etAdaptive al. Management Framework BRYAN C. FOSTER1, DEANE WANG1, WILLIAM S. KEETON1, and MARK S. ASHTON2 1Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA 2School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA Certification and principles, criteria and indicators (PCI) describe desired ends for sustainable forest management (SFM) but do not address potential means to achieve those ends. As a result, forest owners and managers participating in certification and employing PCI as tools to achieving SFM may be doing so inefficiently: achiev- ing results by trial-and-error rather than by targeted management practices; dispersing resources away from priority objectives; and passively monitoring outcomes rather than actively establishing quantitative goals. In this literature review, we propose six con- cepts to guide SFM implementation. These concepts include: Best Management Practices (BMPs)/Reduced Impact Logging (RIL), biodiversity conservation, forest protection, multi-scale planning, participatory forestry, and sustained forest production. We place Downloaded By: [Keeton, W. S.] At: 16:17 8 March 2010 these concepts within an iterative decision-making framework of planning, implementation, and assessment, and provide brief definitions of and practices delimited by each concept. A case study describing SFM in the neo-tropics illustrates a potential application of our six concepts. -
Accelerating the Development of Old-Growth Characteristics in Second-Growth Northern Hardwoods
United States Department of Agriculture Accelerating the Development of Old-growth Characteristics in Second-growth Northern Hardwoods Karin S. Fassnacht, Dustin R. Bronson, Brian J. Palik, Anthony W. D’Amato, Craig G. Lorimer, Karl J. Martin Forest Northern General Technical Service Research Station Report NRS-144 February 2015 Abstract Active management techniques that emulate natural forest disturbance and stand development processes have the potential to enhance species diversity, structural complexity, and spatial heterogeneity in managed forests, helping to meet goals related to biodiversity, ecosystem health, and forest resilience in the face of uncertain future conditions. There are a number of steps to complete before, during, and after deciding to use active management for this purpose. These steps include specifying objectives and identifying initial targets, recognizing and addressing contemporary stressors that may hinder the ability to meet those objectives and targets, conducting a pretreatment evaluation, developing and implementing treatments, and evaluating treatments for success of implementation and for effectiveness after application. In this report we discuss these steps as they may be applied to second-growth northern hardwood forests in the northern Lake States region, using our experience with the ongoing managed old-growth silvicultural study (MOSS) as an example. We provide additional examples from other applicable studies across the region. Quality Assurance This publication conforms to the Northern Research Station’s Quality Assurance Implementation Plan which requires technical and policy review for all scientific publications produced or funded by the Station. The process included a blind technical review by at least two reviewers, who were selected by the Assistant Director for Research and unknown to the author. -
Forestry Education at the University of California: the First Fifty Years
fORESTRY EDUCRTIOfl T THE UflIVERSITY Of CALIFORflffl The first fifty Years PAUL CASAMAJOR, Editor Published by the California Alumni Foresters Berkeley, California 1965 fOEUJOD T1HEhistory of an educational institution is peculiarly that of the men who made it and of the men it has helped tomake. This books tells the story of the School of Forestry at the University of California in such terms. The end of the first 50 years oi forestry education at Berkeley pro ides a unique moment to look back at what has beenachieved. A remarkable number of those who occupied key roles in establishing the forestry cur- riculum are with us today to throw the light of personal recollection and insight on these five decades. In addition, time has already given perspective to the accomplishments of many graduates. The School owes much to the California Alumni Foresters Association for their interest in seizing this opportunity. Without the initiative and sustained effort that the alunmi gave to the task, the opportunity would have been lost and the School would have been denied a valuable recapitulation of its past. Although this book is called a history, this name may be both unfair and misleading. If it were about an individual instead of an institution it might better be called a personal memoir. Those who have been most con- cerned with the task of writing it have perhaps been too close to the School to provide objective history. But if anything is lost on this score, it is more than regained by the personalized nature of the account. -
Ranking Forestry Journals Using the H-Index
Ranking forestry journals using the h-index Journal of Informetrics, in press Jerome K Vanclay Southern Cross University PO Box 157, Lismore NSW 2480, Australia [email protected] Abstract An expert ranking of forestry journals was compared with journal impact factors and h -indices computed from the ISI Web of Science and internet-based data. Citations reported by Google Scholar offer an efficient way to rank all journals objectively, in a manner consistent with other indicators. This h-index exhibited a high correlation with the journal impact factor (r=0.92), but is not confined to journals selected by any particular commercial provider. A ranking of 180 forestry journals is presented, on the basis of this index. Keywords : Hirsch index, Research quality framework, Journal impact factor, journal ranking, forestry Introduction The Thomson Scientific (TS) Journal Impact Factor (JIF; Garfield, 1955) has been the dominant measure of journal impact, and is often used to rank journals and gauge relative importance, despite several recognised limitations (Hecht et al., 1998; Moed et al., 1999; van Leeuwen et al., 1999; Saha et al., 2003; Dong et al., 2005; Moed, 2005; Dellavalle et al., 2007). Other providers offer alternative journal rankings (e.g., Lim et al., 2007), but most deal with a small subset of the literature in any discipline. Hirsch’s h-index (Hirsch, 2005; van Raan, 2006; Bornmann & Daniel, 2007a) has been suggested as an alternative that is reliable, robust and easily computed (Braun et al., 2006; Chapron and Husté, 2006; Olden, 2007; Rousseau, 2007; Schubert and Glänzel, 2007; Vanclay, 2007; 2008). -
A Special Issue of the Journal of Forestry
Forest Inventory and Analysis: A Special Issue of the Journal of Forestry Forest Inventory and Analysis: Moving to an Annual National System Accurate and timely assessments of forest ecosystems are critical needs of modern forestry. The US forest inventory system, which provides the information for these tasks, is moving from a periodic to an annual basis, as mandated by the Farm Bill of 1998 and advocated by much of the forestry profession. The challenges of this mandate are considerable. The Forest Service’s Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program is the primary focus of these changes. In December 1999, the Journal of Forestry published a special issue on the FIA program and the move to an annual inventory approach. The issue covers the history of forest survey sampling, current work taking place in specific regions, and user perspectives on the adoption of an annual inventory system. Articles discuss the need for reevaluation of analytical approaches; techniques for integrating auxiliary information into forest inventory; combining current with archival data; and the role of remote sensing technologies. With permission of the Society of American Foresters, the FIA program has reproduced herein the contents of the December 1999 issue of the Journal of Forestry (vol. 97, no. 12; now out of print). Viewers have permission to download specific articles or the collection of articles for personal use. Permission to reproduce multiple copies for distribution at a conference or for use in course packs must be granted from the publisher via the Copyright Clearance Center. Permission to republish material (including figures and article excerpts) may also be obtained from the Copyright Clearance Center. -
The Shelterbelt “Scheme”: Radical Ecological Forestry and the Production Of
The Shelterbelt “Scheme”: Radical Ecological Forestry and the Production of Climate in the Fight for the Prairie States Forestry Project A Dissertation SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY MEAGAN ANNE SNOW IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Dr. Roderick Squires January 2019 © Meagan A. Snow 2019 Acknowledgements From start to finish, my graduate career is more than a decade in the making and getting from one end to the other has been not merely an academic exercise, but also one of finding my footing in the world. I am thankful for the challenge of an ever-evolving committee membership at the University of Minnesota’s Geography Department that has afforded me the privilege of working with a diverse set of minds and personalities: thank you Karen Till, Eric Sheppard, Richa Nagar, Francis Harvey, and Valentine Cadieux for your mentorship along the way, and to Kate Derickson, Steve Manson, and Peter Calow for stepping in and graciously helping me finish this journey. Thanks also belong to Kathy Klink for always listening, and to John Fraser Hart, an unexpected ally when I needed one the most. Matthew Sparke and the University of Washington Geography Department inspired in me a love of geography as an undergraduate student and I thank them for making this path possible. Thank you is also owed to the Minnesota Population Center and the American University Library for employing me in such good cheer. Most of all, thank you to Rod Squires - for trusting me, for appreciating my spirit and matching it with your own, and for believing I am capable. -
Biltmore Forest School Reunion, May 29,1950 Mr
“Flowers for the Living” A Tribute to a Master By Inman F. Eldredge Biltmore ‘06 Carl Alvin Schenck, the forester, the teacher, and, even more, the personality, made a place in my mind and in my heart that has grown even deeper and warmer as the years of my life have ripened. From that day in Sep- tember, 1904, when I came up, a gay young sprout, from the sand hills of South Carolina to join the Biltmore Forest School, to this at the quiet end of my forestry career, no man has quite supplanted him in affection and respect. I knew him, as did most of his "boys," when he was at his brilliant best; bold in thought, colorful in word and phrase, and so damned energetic in action that he kept two horses, three dogs and all of his pupils winded and heaving six days out of the week. There was never a dull hour either in class or in the woods. He knew his subject as did no other man in America and had, to a truly remarkable degree, a happy ability to reach and guide our groping minds without apparent effort. Full and broad as was the knowledge he imparted from a rich background of training and experience his teaching was not confined to class room lectures and hillside demonstrations. Some of the things I learned at Biltmore would be hard to find in any text book published then or later— things, that as I look back over my 44 years as a forester, have proved fully as potent for good as any of the technical disciplines of the profession. -
Forest History Today Spring/Fall 2014
A PUBLICATION OF THE FOREST HISTORY SOCIETY SPRING/FALL 2014 VOL. 20, NOS. 1 & 2 MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT “Not everybody trusts paintings but people believe photographs.”–Ansel Adams STEVEN ANDERSON hen Gifford Pinchot hired the first come from both the FHS Photograph Collec - forest rangers in the U.S. Forest tion and from institutional and individual col- WService, he outfitted them with cam- laborators. By providing an authoritative site eras and asked them to document what they did on the subject, we expect to identify previously and saw. He knew the power the photographs unknown repeat photographic pairs and could wield as he fought for funds to manage sequences, promote the creation of new repeat the nation’s forests and sought public support sets, and foster interest in the future uses of for new policies. No one can deny that visual repeat photography. images have played an important role in the con- Sally Mann, a renowned American landscape servation and environmental movements. and portrait photographer, said, “Photographs That is why, from its beginnings in 1946, the open doors into the past, but they also allow a Forest History Society has collected and pre- look into the future.” We hope that providing served photographs of early lumbering tech- access to and stimulating more work in repeat niques, forest products, forest management, photography will help students, teachers, jour- and other subjects. The FHS staff has already helped thousands nalists, foresters, and many others gain insight that can elevate of students, writers, and scholars find historic photographs that our awareness of conservation challenges.