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Moluscos Del Plioceno Superior Marino De Isla Guamblín, Archipiélago De Los Chonos, Sur De Chile

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Moluscos Del Plioceno Superior Marino De Isla Guamblín, Archipiélago De Los Chonos, Sur De Chile Moluscos del Plioceno Superior marino de Isla Guamblín, Archipiélago de los Chonos, sur de Chile Daniel Frassinetti Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Casilla 787, Santiago, Chile Vladimir Covacevich Servicio Nacional de Geologla y Minerla, Casilla 10465, Santiago, Chile RESUMEN Se describen y comentan siete especies fósiles de bivalvos y doce de gastrópodos, procedentes de Isla Guamblín, Archipiélago de los Chonos, sur de Chile. De ellas, Epitonium biroi, Polinices (Euspira) guamblinensis, Cymatium remotum, Ximenopsis? hero, Cryptogemma senexy Hindsiclava ignorata, Son propuestas como nuevas especies. La comparación de esta fauna COn diferentes asociaciones del Neógeno chileno, revela que su más estrecha relación se manifiesta con aquélla de la Fonnación Tubul, en Arauco, del Plioceno Superior, que se ubica UnOS 8SO km al norte de Isla Guamblrn. De acuerdo COn dicha evidencia, se propone esta edad para los fósiles de Isla Guamblrn y, consecuentemente, para los estratos portadores. La presencia de diferentes túrridos y algunos bivalvos pennite postular Un ambiente alejado de la costa, COn profundidades del orden de SO-100 m. Se propOnen como fósiles característicos del Plioceno Supe~or a los bivalvos Nuculana e/egans (Hupé), Chlamys tenuicostatus (Hupé), CarcJiocardita volckmanni (Philippi) y Eurhoma/ea araucana (Philippi). Palabras claves: Paleon/ologia, Sistemática, Paleoecologla, Bivalvla, Gas/rapoda, Plioceno Superior, Isla Guambl/n, Sur de Chile. ABSTRAeT Upper Pliocene marine mollusks from Guamblín Island, los Chonos Archipelago, southern Chile. Nineteen species belonging to bivalves (7) and gastropods (12) from Guamblin Island (Los Chonos Archipelago, Chile), are describad and figurad. Among them, Epitonium biroi, Polinices (Euspira) guamblinensis, Cymatium remotum, Xymenopsis? hero, Cryptogemma senex and Hindsiclava ignorata, are proposed as new species. The comparative analysis of this molluscan assemblage with others of the Chilean Neogene allows to relate it with that of the Tubul Fonnation (Arauco), recorded as Upper Pliocene and located 850 km northward. In accordance with this fact, a late Pliocene age is here proposed forthe fossiliferous bedsof Guamblín Island. The occurrence 01 some turrids and bivalves suggests an offshore depositional environment, with depth conditions of about 50-100 m. The bivalves Nuculana elegans (Hupé), Chlamys tenuicostatus (Hupé), CardiocarcJita volckmanni(Philippi) and Eurhoma/ea araucana (Philippi) are proposad as late Pliocene characteristic fossils. Key words: Paleon/ology, Sys/ematics, Paleoecology, Bivalvia, Gas/ropoda, La/e PI/ocene, Guamblln Island, Sou/hern Chile. Revista Geol6glca de Chile, Vol. 22. No. 1, p. 47-73, 4 Figs., 2 Láms., Julio 1995. 48 MOLUSCOS DEL PLIOCENO SUPERIOR MARINO DE ISLA GUAMBLiN, ARCHIPIÉLAGO DE LOS CHONOS, SUR DE CHILE INTRODUCCION Con ocasión del programa de reconocimiento Tubul, de su área tipo (Arauco), que se encuentra paleontológico realizado en la región insular del sur depositada en el Departamento de Geociencias de la de Chile, entre Puerto Montt y Golfo Tres Montes Universidad de Concepción. Cuando fue necesario, (41°40'-47°00'S) en los años 1983 y 1984, teniendo se examinó material de la Colección Philippi (Museo como base el barco oceanográfico RN Hero, de la Nacional de Historia Natural), que fue formada por el Fundación Naci:>nal de Ciencias de Estados Unidos, naturalista alemán R. A. Philippi en el siglo pasado, los autores tuveron la oportunidad de visitar, por como parte de su obra 'Los fósiles terciarios i cuartarios algunas horas en septiembre de 1984, un sector de la de Chile' (1887). costa nororiental de Isla Guamblín. En esta área se Es interesante indicar que alrededor de 120 y 180 logró prospectar y recolectar material fosilífero en km al suroeste de Isla Guamblín, frente a las penín• cuatro localidades, cercanas entre sí, que permitió sulas Skyring y Tres Montes y a profundidades entre formar una colección que reúne siete especies de 1.260 y 2.760 m, perforaciones sobre el fondo marino bivalvos y doce de gastrópodos, con un total cercano han puesto en evidencia varios cientos de metros de a 160 especímenes. De estas 19 especies, sólo espesor de sedimentitas pliocenas, con una delgada cuatro están representadas por una quincena de cubierta pleistocena (Berhmann et al., 1992). A la luz individuos o más, mientras que siete lo están por dos de estos trabajos recientes, el conocimiento geológico a cinco, y ocho especies sólo por uno. La colección y paleontológico que pueden proporcionar para el constituye, por sí sola, un valioso conjunto, ya que no Terciario Superior las islas que se encuentran entre se conoce material ni información previa sobre ma­ Isla Chiloé y Península Tres Montes es de importan­ croinvertebrados provenientes de las sedimentitas cia relevante. de Isla Guambl,·n. Esta contribución forma parte de un programa Considerando que el material es, en la mayoría de global de investigación sobre faunas de invertebra­ los casos, adecuado para proceder a su descripción dos fósiles del Terciario marino de Chile, que realizan y comparación con especies semejantes, y el hecho en conjunto la Sección Paleontología del Museo que la isla es una localidad alejada del continente y de Nacional de Historia Natural (Chile) y la Sección muy difícil acceso, se ha estimado necesario e impor­ Paleontología y Estratigrafía del Servicio Nacional de tante dar a con:>cer los resultados del estudio de la Geología y Minería (Chile). totalidad de los moluscos fósiles recolectados. Cuan­ En el modelo para la descripción de nuevas do la calidad ce éstos lo permite se entrega una especies, la información sobre localidad tipo, reposi­ descripción complementaria de las especies ya cono­ torio y edad, sólo se entrega una vez, y no se repite, cidas, en la que se pone énfasis en aquellos caracte­ por ser ella común para todos los materiales estudia­ res mencionados someramente, o que no tuvieron a dos. Los ejemplares considerados en esta contribu­ la vista los autores originales. En algunos casos, las ción, recolectados en su totalidad por los autores en ilustraciones que acompañan este trabajo correspon­ septiembre de 1984, se encuentran depositados en den a las primeras que se dan a conocer para esas las colecciones del Laboratorio de Paleontología de especies desdE el siglo pasado. Invertebrados del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural El estudio de estos materiales se complementó, de Santiago, Chile, bajo el acrónimo SGO.PI. Las en septiembre de 1992, con una revisión crítica abreviaciones empleadas corresponden a: L, largo, preliminar y análisis comparativo con los especímenes Al, alto, An, ancho, y E, espesor. de la colección de invertebrados de la Formación PROCEDENCIA DEL MATERIAL Las muestras en estudio fueron recolectadas en nororiental de Isla Guamblín (Archipiélago de los depósitos fosilíferos, de pequeña extensión, expues­ Chonos), aproximadamente en los 44°47'45"S y tos en las cercanías de Puerto Llave, en la costa 75°05', 5"W (Fig. texto'). D. Frassinetti y V. Covacevich 49 75° OISlaGUafO j DE N LOS I ~ I..l eH , 20, 40km, a 44fo46' 7eo15' 75°00' o 44°45' C' '" ... " o ~ 1km. """ Punto Searle " ~""'..c"o..... C'o Punto Arenas -O "too Punta Edwards C""> O IOkm, """ I 440048' C) 45°00 O b e FIG.texto 1. a, b- situación geográfica de Isla Guamblln en Archipiélago de los Chonos. c- ubicación de las localidades de recolección de muestras, en las cercan las de Puerto Llave. Localidad 1: muestra de terreno No. 010984.1; Localidad 2: muestra de terreno No. 010984.2; Localidad 3: muestra de terreno No. 010984.3; Localidad 4: muestra de terreno No. 010984.4. so MOLUSCOS DEL PLIOCENO SUPERIOR MARINO DE ISLA GUAMBlÍN, ARCHIPIÉLAGO DE LOS CHONOS, SUR DE CHILE Los fósiles se encuentran en capas de limolitas unidad litoestratigráfica, dispuesta subhorizontal­ bastante homogéneas, de color gris claro, poco o mente en la plataforma de erosión marina (Fig. texto bastante cementadas, con un espesor aproximado 2). Debido al bajo relieve y densa vegetación que de 50,0 cm. Los puntos de muestreo, cercanos entre cubre el área costera de la isla, no se encontraron sí, corresponden, fundamentalmente, según su litolo­ exposiciones adecuadas para levantar un perfil gía, fauna y observaciones en terreno, a una misma estratigráfico. FIG. texto 2. ViSlade la Localidad fosillfera No. 3, Puerto Llave,lsla Guamblln, en la que se recolectaron 12 de las 19 especies de moluscos estudiadas. Tomada en septiembre de 1964, con marea baja. DESCRIPCIONES SISTEMATICAS CLASE BIVALVIA Linneo, 1758 ORDEN NUCULOIDA Dall, 1889 SUPER FAMILIA NUCULANACEA H. Adams y A. Adams, 1858 FAMILIA MALLETIIDAE Adams y Adams, 1858 Género Mal/etía des Moulins, 1832 Especie tipo: Malletía chílensís des Moulins, 1832 incompleto, muestra con claridad las inflexiones dis­ tintivas de las tenues líneas de crecimiento expuestas Malletia sp. en la zona antero-dorsal de ambas valvas. Esta mis­ ma disposición se manifiesta en ejemplares recientes Material: SGO.P1. 4216 (Loe. 1, Fig. texto 1 c); porción de Malle tía chílensís des Mou lins, motivo por el que se de las regiones dorsal anterior y anterior de un ejem­ puede sustentar su inclusión en este género y postu­ plar con ambas 'Jalvas unidas. lar su relación con esta especie. Observaciones: el material disponible, aunque muy D. Frassinelti y V. Covacevich Sl FAMILIA NUCULANIDAE H. Adams yA. Adams, 1858 Género Nucu/ana Link, 1807 0 Especie tipo: Arca rostrata Chemnitz, 1774 ángulo de 130 , siendo la del sector posterior la más larga; el número de dientes es variable de acuerdo Nucu/ana e/egans (Hupé, 1854) con el tamaño de los individuos, entre 10-16 anterio­ Fig. texto 3a. Lám. 1, Figs. 1-5 res y 12-21 posteriores; los promecios son de 12-14 anteriores y 15-18 posteriores. Seno paleal corto, con NuculaelegansHupé, 1854./nGay, Zool. VIII, p. 305, su extremo ampliamente redondeado. Borde ventral Conquiliología, Lám. 5, Fig. 7. interno de las valvas liso. Impresión muscular anterior Nucula elegansHupé. Philippi, 1887, p. 189, Lám. 31, más grande que la posterior.
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