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Neurocritical Care Board Review Neurocritical Care Board Review ZZakaria_87574_PTR_CH00_10-06-13_i-xx.inddakaria_87574_PTR_CH00_10-06-13_i-xx.indd i 66/19/2013/19/2013 88:43:22:43:22 PPMM 66485457-66485438 www.ketabpezeshki.com ZZakaria_87574_PTR_CH00_10-06-13_i-xx.inddakaria_87574_PTR_CH00_10-06-13_i-xx.indd iiii 66/19/2013/19/2013 88:43:22:43:22 PPMM Neurocritical Care Board Review Questions and Answers Editor Asma Zakaria, MD Assistant Professor Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery Fellowship Director, Neurocritical Care Division of Neurocritical Care University of Texas, Health Science Center at Houston New York 66485457-66485438 www.ketabpezeshki.com ZZakaria_87574_PTR_CH00_10-06-13_i-xx.inddakaria_87574_PTR_CH00_10-06-13_i-xx.indd iiiiii 66/19/2013/19/2013 88:43:22:43:22 PPMM Visit our website at www.demosmedpub.com ISBN: 978-1-936287-57-4 eISBN: 978-1-61705-033-6 Acquisitions Editor: Beth Barry Compositor: Newgen Imaging Systems, Ltd. © 2014 Demos Medical Publishing, LLC. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, pho- tocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Medicine is an ever-changing science. Research and clinical experience are continually expanding our knowledge, in particular our understanding of proper treatment and drug therapy. The authors, editors, and publisher have made every effort to ensure that all information in this book is in accordance with the state of knowledge at the time of production of the book. Nevertheless, the authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any consequences from application of the information in this book and make no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the contents of the publication. Every reader should examine carefully the package inserts accom- panying each drug and should carefully check whether the dosage schedules mentioned therein or the contraindi- cations stated by the manufacturer differ from the statements made in this book. Such examination is particularly important with drugs that are either rarely used or have been newly released on the market. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Neurocritical care board review / [edited by] Asma Zakaria. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-936287-57-4 — ISBN 978-1-61705-033-6 (ebook) I. Zakaria, Asma, editor of compilation. [DNLM: 1. Nervous System Diseases—therapy—Examination Questions. 2. Critical Care—Examination Questions. WL 18.2] 616.02’8—dc23 2013001190 Special discounts on bulk quantities of Demos Medical Publishing books are available to corporations, professional associations, pharmaceutical companies, health care organizations, and other qualifying groups. For details, please contact: Special Sales Department Demos Medical Publishing 11 West 42nd Street, 15th Floor New York, NY 10036 Phone: 800-532-8663 or 212-683-0072 Fax: 212-941-7842 Email: [email protected] Printed in the United States of America by Bradford and Bigelow. 13 14 15 16 17 / 5 4 3 2 1 66485457-66485438 www.ketabpezeshki.com ZZakaria_87574_PTR_CH00_10-06-13_i-xx.inddakaria_87574_PTR_CH00_10-06-13_i-xx.indd iivv 66/19/2013/19/2013 88:43:22:43:22 PPMM To My Parents– For their support and patience 66485457-66485438 www.ketabpezeshki.com ZZakaria_87574_PTR_CH00_10-06-13_i-xx.inddakaria_87574_PTR_CH00_10-06-13_i-xx.indd v 66/19/2013/19/2013 88:43:22:43:22 PPMM 66485457-66485438 www.ketabpezeshki.com ZZakaria_87574_PTR_CH00_10-06-13_i-xx.inddakaria_87574_PTR_CH00_10-06-13_i-xx.indd vvii 66/19/2013/19/2013 88:43:22:43:22 PPMM Contents Contributors xi Preface xvii PART I: NEUROLOGIC DISEASE STATES: PATHOLOGY, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, AND THERAPY Section I: Cerebrovascular Diseases 1. Infarction, Ischemia, and Hemorrhage 3 John J. Volpi 2. Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Vascular Malformations 19 Bülent Yapicilar and Asma Zakaria Section II: Neurotrauma 3. Neurotrauma 35 Scott R. Shepard Section III: Disorders, Diseases, Seizures, and Epilepsy 4. Seizures and Epilepsy 51 Grant M. Warmouth 5. Neuromuscular Medicine 71 Suur Biliciler, Justin Kwan, and Cecile L. Phan 6. CNS Infections 79 Doris Kung vii 66485457-66485438 www.ketabpezeshki.com ZZakaria_87574_PTR_CH00_10-06-13_i-xx.inddakaria_87574_PTR_CH00_10-06-13_i-xx.indd vviiii 66/19/2013/19/2013 88:43:22:43:22 PPMM CONTENTS 7. Toxic–Metabolic Disorders 95 Elissa K. Fory 8. Infl ammatory and Demyelinating Diseases 107 Flavia Nelson 9. Neuroendocrine Disorders 121 Matthew Flaherty and Howard J. Fan 10. Neuro-Oncology 131 Yoshua Esquenazi and Nitin Tandon 11. Encephalopathies 141 Corey E. Goldsmith 12. Clinical Syndromes 159 Howard J. Fan and Asma Zakaria 13. Perioperative Neurosurgical Care 175 Yoshua Esquenazi and Nitin Tandon 14. Pharmacology and Practical Use of Medications in Neurocritical Care 183 Teresa A. Allison and Sophie Samuel PART II: GENERAL CRITICAL CARE: PATHOLOGY, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, AND THERAPY 15. Cardiovascular Physiology 205 David J. Powner 16. Cardiovascular Diseases 217 Jean Onwuchekwa Ekwenibe, Francisco Fuentes, Siddharth Mukerji, Husnu Evren Kaynak, Nicoleta Daraban, Charles Hebenstreit, and Ketan Koranne 17. Pulmonary Physiology and Fundamentals of Mechanical Ventilation 239 David J. Powner 18. Respiratory Diseases 267 Imoigele P. Aisiku 19. Renal Diseases 285 Ala Abudayyeh and Maen Abdelrahim 20. Electrolyte and Endocrine Disorders 299 David J. Powner 21. Infectious Diseases 319 Safdar A. Ansari viii 66485457-66485438 www.ketabpezeshki.com ZZakaria_87574_PTR_CH00_10-06-13_i-xx.inddakaria_87574_PTR_CH00_10-06-13_i-xx.indd vviiiiii 66/19/2013/19/2013 88:43:22:43:22 PPMM CONTENTS 22. Acute Hematologic Disorders 333 Jitesh Kar and Hanh T. Truong 23. Acute Gastrointestinal and Genitourinary Disorders 349 Luis J. Garcia and Asad Latif 24. Diagnosis of Brain Death 361 David J. Powner 25. General Trauma and Burns 371 Sasha D. Adams and Amy R. Alger 26. Ethical and Legal Aspects of Critical Care Medicine 383 Nasiya Ahmed 27. Principles of Research in Critical Care 391 Suur Biliciler and Justin Kwan 28. Procedural Skills and Monitoring 397 George W. Williams 29. Clinical Cases 415 Asma Zakaria and Bülent Yapicilar Index 433 ix 66485457-66485438 www.ketabpezeshki.com ZZakaria_87574_PTR_CH00_10-06-13_i-xx.inddakaria_87574_PTR_CH00_10-06-13_i-xx.indd iixx 66/19/2013/19/2013 88:43:22:43:22 PPMM 66485457-66485438 www.ketabpezeshki.com ZZakaria_87574_PTR_CH00_10-06-13_i-xx.inddakaria_87574_PTR_CH00_10-06-13_i-xx.indd x 66/19/2013/19/2013 88:43:22:43:22 PPMM Contributors Maen Abdelrahim, MD, PhD Resident Department of Internal Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Houston, Texas Ala Abudayyeh, MD Assistant Professor Department of General Internal Medicine Division of Nephrology University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Texas Sasha D. Adams, MD Assistant Professor Department of Surgery Division of Trauma and Critical Care University of North Carolina, School of Medicine Chapel Hill, North Carolina Nasiya Ahmed, MD Assistant Professor Department of Internal Medicine Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine University of Texas, Health Science Center at Houston Houston, Texas xi 66485457-66485438 www.ketabpezeshki.com ZZakaria_87574_PTR_CH00_10-06-13_i-xx.inddakaria_87574_PTR_CH00_10-06-13_i-xx.indd xxii 66/19/2013/19/2013 88:43:22:43:22 PPMM CONTRIBUTORS Imoigele P. Aisiku, MD Associate Professor Department of Neurosurgery Division of Neurocritical Care University of Texas, Health Science Center at Houston Houston, Texas Amy R. Alger, MD, FACS Assistant Professor Department of Surgery Division of Trauma and Critical Care University of North Carolina, School of Medicine Chapel Hill, North Carolina Teresa A. Allison, PharmD, BCPS Neurosciences Clinical Pharmacy Specialist Memorial Hermann–Texas Medical Center Houston, Texas Safdar A. Ansari, MD Assistant Professor Department of Neurosurgery Division of Neurocritical Care University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah Suur Biliciler, MD Assistant Professor Department of Neurology Neuromuscular Diseases Section University of Texas, Health Science Center at Houston Houston, Texas Nicoleta Daraban, MD Chief Cardiovascular Fellow Department of Internal Medicine University of Texas, Health Science Center at Houston Houston, Texas Jean Onwuchekwa Ekwenibe, MD Cardiovascular Fellow Department of Internal Medicine University of Texas, Health Science Center at Houston Houston, Texas xii 66485457-66485438 www.ketabpezeshki.com ZZakaria_87574_PTR_CH00_10-06-13_i-xx.inddakaria_87574_PTR_CH00_10-06-13_i-xx.indd xxiiii 66/19/2013/19/2013 88:43:22:43:22 PPMM CONTRIBUTORS Yoshua Esquenazi, MD Chief Resident Department of Neurosurgery University of Texas, Health Science Center at Houston Houston, Texas Howard J. Fan, MD Neurocritical Care Fellow Department of Neurosurgery Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center Los Angeles, California Matthew Flaherty, MD Neurocritical Care Fellow Department of Neurosurgery University of Texas, Health Science Center at Houston Houston, Texas Elissa K. Fory, MD Department of Neurosciences Winthrop University Hospital Mineola, New York Francisco Fuentes, MD Professor Department of Internal Medicine Division of Cardiology University of Texas, Health Science Center at Houston Houston, Texas Luis J. Garcia, MD Department of Surgery Division of Acute Care Surgery Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland Corey E. Goldsmith, MD Assistant Professor Department of
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