TheThe HydrosphereHydrosphere Warm Up 9-27

1. What is the hydrosphere?

2. What are the other 5 spheres of the Earth?

3. Which spheres make up the geosphere?

4. Draw the hydrologic cycle TheThe HydrosphereHydrosphere Video The Hydrosphere

The hydrosphere includes all of the water on Earth:

• Water vapor in atmosphere • Ground water • Water frozen in glaciers • Ocean, lakes, swamps • Running water in rivers, creeks and streams on land The Earth

71% of the Earth’s surface is covered by oceans and seas.

96.5% of the Earth’s water is in the oceans 1.7% is in glaciers and permafrost 1.7% is in groundwater 0.1% is everywhere else Our Water

On the planet, we have 1,365,502,142 km3 of water.

This is 360,727,503,350,000,000,000 gallons

Precipitation

80% of the precipitation on Earth falls directly into the ocean.

20% of the precipitation falls over land Precipitation over Land Precipitation over land has 2 routes that it may follow:

1) It can become part of runoff (streams and rivers) which lead back to the ocean

2) It can be temporarily stored in lakes, swamps, snowfields, or become part of groundwater Snowfield vs. Permafrost

A snowfield is an amount of snow that will eventually melt as seasons change

Permafrost is snow that has collected in an area that never warms up so it will essentially always be there Runoff

Runoff is the flowing water

Water will flow on even the tiniest of slopes, it can flow in 2 ways:

1) Laminar flow – smooth flow where the layers of water do not mix

2) Turbulent flow – rough flow where the water mixes frequently as it moves Types of Flow

Running water can also be categorized as one of the following:

1) Sheet flow – a continuous sheet of shallow water moving over a surface Types of Flow

Running water can also be categorized as one of the following:

2) Channel flow – a deeper, rounded flow like a river or stream Flowing Water Measurements

We can also measure the gradient of flowing water, which is the steepness or slope of the land that the water flows down

100% grade = 45⁰ Flowing Water Measurements

We can also measure the velocity (speed) that the water is moving Flowing Water Measurements

We can also measure the discharge, which is the volume (amount) of water that passes by a point in 1 second

Discharge into Mississippi River Top 10 Amazon Creatures Quick Write

If you were a water bender (so you could manipulate water with your mind), how would you use your power? How would affect the world?