The Hydrospherehydrosphere Warm up 9-27

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

TheThe HydrosphereHydrosphere Warm Up 9-27 1. What is the hydrosphere? 2. What are the other 5 spheres of the Earth? 3. Which spheres make up the geosphere? 4. Draw the hydrologic cycle TheThe HydrosphereHydrosphere Video The Hydrosphere The hydrosphere includes all of the water on Earth: • Water vapor in atmosphere • Ground water • Water frozen in glaciers • Ocean, lakes, swamps • Running water in rivers, creeks and streams on land The Earth 71% of the Earth’s surface is covered by oceans and seas. 96.5% of the Earth’s water is in the oceans 1.7% is in glaciers and permafrost 1.7% is in groundwater 0.1% is everywhere else Our Water On the planet, we have 1,365,502,142 km3 of water. This is 360,727,503,350,000,000,000 gallons Precipitation 80% of the precipitation on Earth falls directly into the ocean. 20% of the precipitation falls over land Precipitation over Land Precipitation over land has 2 routes that it may follow: 1) It can become part of runoff (streams and rivers) which lead back to the ocean 2) It can be temporarily stored in lakes, swamps, snowfields, or become part of groundwater Snowfield vs. Permafrost A snowfield is an amount of snow that will eventually melt as seasons change Permafrost is snow that has collected in an area that never warms up so it will essentially always be there Runoff Runoff is the flowing water Water will flow on even the tiniest of slopes, it can flow in 2 ways: 1) Laminar flow – smooth flow where the layers of water do not mix 2) Turbulent flow – rough flow where the water mixes frequently as it moves Types of Flow Running water can also be categorized as one of the following: 1) Sheet flow – a continuous sheet of shallow water moving over a surface Types of Flow Running water can also be categorized as one of the following: 2) Channel flow – a deeper, rounded flow like a river or stream Flowing Water Measurements We can also measure the gradient of flowing water, which is the steepness or slope of the land that the water flows down 100% grade = 45⁰ Flowing Water Measurements We can also measure the velocity (speed) that the water is moving Flowing Water Measurements We can also measure the discharge, which is the volume (amount) of water that passes by a point in 1 second Discharge into Mississippi River Top 10 Amazon Creatures Quick Write If you were a water bender (so you could manipulate water with your mind), how would you use your power? How would affect the world?.

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Environmental Systems the Atmosphere and Hydrosphere
Environmental Systems The atmosphere and hydrosphere THE ATMOSPHERE The atmosphere, the gaseous layer that surrounds the earth, formed over four billion years ago. During the evolution of the solid earth, volcanic eruptions released gases into the developing atmosphere. Assuming the outgassing was similar to that of modern volcanoes, the gases released included: water vapor (H2O), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrochloric acid (HCl), methane (CH4), ammonia (NH3), nitrogen (N2) and sulfur gases. The atmosphere was reducing because there was no free oxygen. Most of the hydrogen and helium that outgassed would have eventually escaped into outer space due to the inability of the earth's gravity to hold on to their small masses. There may have also been significant contributions of volatiles from the massive meteoritic bombardments known to have occurred early in the earth's history. Water vapor in the atmosphere condensed and rained down, of radiant energy in the atmosphere. The sun's radiation spans the eventually forming lakes and oceans. The oceans provided homes infrared, visible and ultraviolet light regions, while the earth's for the earliest organisms which were probably similar to radiation is mostly infrared. cyanobacteria. Oxygen was released into the atmosphere by these early organisms, and carbon became sequestered in sedimentary The vertical temperature profile of the atmosphere is variable and rocks. This led to our current oxidizing atmosphere, which is mostly depends upon the types of radiation that affect each atmospheric comprised of nitrogen (roughly 71 percent) and oxygen (roughly 28 layer. This, in turn, depends upon the chemical composition of that percent).
[Show full text]
“Mining” Water Ice on Mars an Assessment of ISRU Options in Support of Future Human Missions
National Aeronautics and Space Administration “Mining” Water Ice on Mars An Assessment of ISRU Options in Support of Future Human Missions Stephen Hoffman, Alida Andrews, Kevin Watts July 2016 Agenda • Introduction • What kind of water ice are we talking about • Options for accessing the water ice • Drilling Options • “Mining” Options • EMC scenario and requirements • Recommendations and future work Acknowledgement • The authors of this report learned much during the process of researching the technologies and operations associated with drilling into icy deposits and extract water from those deposits. We would like to acknowledge the support and advice provided by the following individuals and their organizations: – Brian Glass, PhD, NASA Ames Research Center – Robert Haehnel, PhD, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers/Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory – Patrick Haggerty, National Science Foundation/Geosciences/Polar Programs – Jennifer Mercer, PhD, National Science Foundation/Geosciences/Polar Programs – Frank Rack, PhD, University of Nebraska-Lincoln – Jason Weale, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers/Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory Mining Water Ice on Mars INTRODUCTION Background • Addendum to M-WIP study, addressing one of the areas not fully covered in this report: accessing and mining water ice if it is present in certain glacier-like forms – The M-WIP report is available at http://mepag.nasa.gov/reports.cfm • The First Landing Site/Exploration Zone Workshop for Human Missions to Mars (October 2015) set the target
[Show full text]
Earth Systems and Interactions
The Earth System Earth Systems and Interactions Key Concepts • How do Earth systems What do you think? Read the three statements below and decide interact in the carbon whether you agree or disagree with them. Place an A in the Before column cycle? if you agree with the statement or a D if you disagree. After you’ve read • How do Earth systems this lesson, reread the statements to see if you have changed your mind. interact in the phosphorus Before Statement After cycle? 1. The amount of water on Earth remains constant over time. 2. Hydrogen makes up the hydrosphere. 3. Most carbon on Earth is in the atmosphere. 3TUDY#OACH Earth Systems Make a Table Contrast the carbon cycle and the Your body contains many systems. These systems work phosphorus cycle in a two- together and make one big system—your body. Earth is a column table. Label one system, too. Like you, Earth has smaller systems that work column Carbon Cycle and together, or interact, and make the larger Earth system. Four the other column Phosphorus of these smaller systems are the atmosphere, the Cycle. Complete the table hydrosphere, the geosphere, and the biosphere. as you read this lesson. The Atmosphere Reading Check The outermost Earth system is a mixture of gases and 1. Identify What systems particles of matter called the atmosphere. It forms a layer make up the larger Earth around the other Earth systems. The atmosphere is mainly system? nitrogen and oxygen. Gases in the atmosphere move freely, helping transport matter and energy among Earth systems.
[Show full text]
Usgs Water Data
USGS WATER RESOURCES ONLINE PLACES TO START USGS Water home page http://water.usgs.gov/ USGS Water data page http://water.usgs.gov/data/ USGS Publications Warehouse http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/ USGS National Real-Time Water Quality http://nrtwq.usgs.gov/ USGS Water Science Centers http://xx.water.usgs.gov/ (where “xx” is two-letter State code) USGS WATER DATA NWIS-Web http://waterdata.usgs.gov/ NWIS-Web is the general online interface to the USGS National Water Information System (NWIS). Discrete water-sample and time-series data from 1.5 million sites in all 50 States. Results from 5 million water samples with 90 million water-quality results are available from a wide variety of retrieval methods including standard and customized map interfaces. Time-series retrievals include instantaneous measurements back to October 2007, soon to include the longer historical record. BioData http://aquatic.biodata.usgs.gov/ Access to results from more than 15,000 macroinvertebrate, algae, and fish community samples from more than 2,000 sites nationwide. StreamStats http://streamstats.usgs.gov/ssonline.html A map-based tool that allows users to easily obtain streamflow statistics, drainage-basin characteristics, and other information for user-selected sites on streams. Water Quality Portal http://www.waterqualitydata.us/ A cooperative service sponsored by USGS, EPA, and NWQMC that integrates publicly available water-quality data from the USGS NWIS database and the EPA STORET data warehouse. NAWQA Data Warehouse http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa/data.html A collection of chemical, biological, and physical water quality data used in the National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program, drawn partly from NWIS and BioData.
[Show full text]
Hydraulics Manual Glossary G - 3
Glossary G - 1 GLOSSARY OF HIGHWAY-RELATED DRAINAGE TERMS (Reprinted from the 1999 edition of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials Model Drainage Manual) G.1 Introduction This Glossary is divided into three parts: · Introduction, · Glossary, and · References. It is not intended that all the terms in this Glossary be rigorously accurate or complete. Realistically, this is impossible. Depending on the circumstance, a particular term may have several meanings; this can never change. The primary purpose of this Glossary is to define the terms found in the Highway Drainage Guidelines and Model Drainage Manual in a manner that makes them easier to interpret and understand. A lesser purpose is to provide a compendium of terms that will be useful for both the novice as well as the more experienced hydraulics engineer. This Glossary may also help those who are unfamiliar with highway drainage design to become more understanding and appreciative of this complex science as well as facilitate communication between the highway hydraulics engineer and others. Where readily available, the source of a definition has been referenced. For clarity or format purposes, cited definitions may have some additional verbiage contained in double brackets [ ]. Conversely, three “dots” (...) are used to indicate where some parts of a cited definition were eliminated. Also, as might be expected, different sources were found to use different hyphenation and terminology practices for the same words. Insignificant changes in this regard were made to some cited references and elsewhere to gain uniformity for the terms contained in this Glossary: as an example, “groundwater” vice “ground-water” or “ground water,” and “cross section area” vice “cross-sectional area.” Cited definitions were taken primarily from two sources: W.B.
[Show full text]
Glossary of Terms
GLOSSARY OF TERMS For the purpose of this Handbook, the following definitions and abbreviations shall apply. Although all of the definitions and abbreviations listed below may have not been used in this Handbook, the additional terminology is provided to assist the user of Handbook in understanding technical terminology associated with Drainage Improvement Projects and the associated regulations. Program-specific terms have been defined separately for each program and are contained in pertinent sub-sections of Section 2 of this handbook. ACRONYMS ASTM American Society for Testing Materials CBBEL Christopher B. Burke Engineering, Ltd. COE United States Army Corps of Engineers EPA Environmental Protection Agency IDEM Indiana Department of Environmental Management IDNR Indiana Department of Natural Resources NRCS USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service SWCD Soil and Water Conservation District USDA United States Department of Agriculture USFWS United States Fish and Wildlife Service DEFINITIONS AASHTO Classification. The official classification of soil materials and soil aggregate mixtures for highway construction used by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Abutment. The sloping sides of a valley that supports the ends of a dam. Acre-Foot. The volume of water that will cover 1 acre to a depth of 1 ft. Aggregate. (1) The sand and gravel portion of concrete (65 to 75% by volume), the rest being cement and water. Fine aggregate contains particles ranging from 1/4 in. down to that retained on a 200-mesh screen. Coarse aggregate ranges from 1/4 in. up to l½ in. (2) That which is installed for the purpose of changing drainage characteristics.
[Show full text]
Study and Development of Village As a Smart Village
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 7, Issue 6, June-2016 395 ISSN 2229-5518 Study and development of village as a smart village Rutuja Somwanshi, Utkarsha Shindepatil, Deepali Tule, Archana Mankar, Namdev Ingle Guided By- Dr. V. S. Rajamanya, Prof. A. Deshmukh M.B.E.S. College Of Engineering Of Ambajogai, Faculty Of Civil Engineering, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India. Abstract – This project report deals with study and development of village as a smart village. We define smart village as bundle of services of which are delivered to its residence and businesses in an effective and efficient manner. “ Smart Village” is that modern energy access acts as a catalyst for development in education , health, security, productive enterprise, environment that in turns support further improvement in energy access. In this report we focuses on improved resource use efficiency, local self-governance, access to assure basic amenities and responsible individual and community behavior to build happy society. We making smart village by taking smart decisions using smart technologies and services. Index term – Introduction, concept, services, requirement, benefits, awareness program, information of javalgao village, preparation of report, total cost, photogallery. —————————— —————————— 1. INTRODUCTION The fast urbanization has become already a main characteristic of socio-economic transition in China. This paper points In India there are 6,00,000 villages out of them 1,25,000 out the characteristics and the problems of villages in Beijing villages are backward so there is a need for designing and building the metropolitan region. The paper also explores the role of villages in the village as a smart village.
[Show full text]
Reversing Biodiversity Loss – the Case for Urgent Action This Statement Has Been Created by the Science Academies of the Group of Seven (G7) Nations
31 MARCH 2021 Reversing biodiversity loss – the case for urgent action This statement has been created by the Science Academies of the Group of Seven (G7) nations. It represents the Academies’ view on the magnitude of biodiversity decline and the urgent action required to halt and reverse this trend. The Academies call on G7 nations to work collaboratively to integrate the multiple values of biodiversity into decision-making, and to pursue cross-sectoral solutions that address the biodiversity, climate and other linked crises in a coordinated manner. At its simplest, biodiversity describes life on Earth – the • Despite clear and growing evidence, and despite ambitious different genes, species and ecosystems that comprise the global targets, our responses to biodiversity decline at the biosphere and the varying habitats, landscapes and regions global and national levels have been woefully insufficient. in which they exist. The 2020 Global Biodiversity Outlook3 reported that none of the 20 Aichi Biodiversity Targets, set out in the Strategic Plan Biodiversity matters. for Biodiversity 2011 – 2020, had been fully achieved. Since the ratification of the UN Convention on Biological Diversity • Humans emerged within the biosphere and are both (UN CBD) in 1992, more than a quarter of the tropical forests inseparable from it and fully dependent on it. Biodiversity that were standing then have been cut down. has its own intrinsic value distinct from the value it provides to human life. For all species, it provides food, But there is hope for a better way forward. water shelter and the functioning of the whole Earth system. For humans, it is also an integral part of spiritual, • To halt and reverse biodiversity loss by 2030, nothing cultural, psychological and artistic wellbeing1.
[Show full text]
Integrated Water Cycle Management Strategy and Strategic Business Plan
Eurobodalla Shire Council Integrated Water Cycle Management Strategy and Strategic Business Plan FINAL November 2016 EUROBODALLA SHIRE COUNCIL – IWCM STRATEGY AND SBP Eurobodalla Shire Council IWCM Strategy and Strategic Business Plan Prepared on behalf of Eurobodalla Shire Council by Hydrosphere Consulting. Suite 6, 26-54 River Street PO Box 7059, BALLINA NSW 2478 Telephone: 02 6686 0006 Facsimile: 02 6686 0078 © Copyright 2016 Hydrosphere Consulting Cover images: Deep Creek Dam (Eurobodalla Shire Council), Moruya River (http://www.warrenwindsports.com.au/) and Batemans Bay (Eurobodalla Shire Council). PROJECT 12-050 – EUROBODALLA IWCM STRATEGY AND SBP REV DESCRIPTION AUTHOR REVIEW APPROVAL DATE 0 Draft for Council review R. Campbell M. Howland M. Howland 26/4/16 1 Updated with water supply data R. Campbell M. Howland M. Howland 2/6/16 2 Minor edits R. Campbell R. Campbell 10/6/16 3 Minor edits R. Campbell R. Campbell 17/6/16 4 Updated financial plan R. Campbell R. Campbell 25/11/16 EUROBODALLA SHIRE COUNCIL – IWCM STRATEGY AND SBP DOCUMENT STRUCTURE Eurobodalla Shire Council has reviewed and updated its Integrated Water Cycle Management (IWCM) Strategy and Strategic Business Plan (SBP). This document addresses the requirements for both the IWCM Strategy and SBP. Part A of this document provides the information required for the IWCM Strategy development as listed in the Integrated Water Cycle Management Strategy Check List – July 2014 (NSW Office of Water, 2014a). Background data are provided in the IWCM Issues Paper (Hydrosphere Consulting, 2016). Part B of this document provides further detail on IWCM options and scenarios. Part C and Part D provide the additional information required for the SBP and financial plan development as listed in the Water Supply and Sewerage Strategic Business Planning and Financial Planning Check List – July 2014 (NSW Office of Water, 2014b).
[Show full text]
Glossary of Terms
Glossary of English/Spanish Superfund & WQARF Terms (Note: You may access the bookmark menu at the left to navigate this document more efficiently.) Any ADEQ translation or communication in a language other than English is unofficial and not binding on the State of Arizona. Cualquier traducción o comunicado de ADEQ en un idioma diferente al inglés no es oficial y no sujetará al Estado de Arizona a ninguna obligación jurídica. A Absorption: The passage of one substance into or through another. Absorción: Absorción es el paso de una sustancia a través de otra. Acre-foot: A quantity or volume of water covering one acre to a depth of one foot; equal to 43,560 cubic feet or 325,851 gallons. Acre-pie: Una cantidad o volumen de agua que cubre un acre a una profundidad de un pie; es un equivalente a 43.560 pies cúbicos o 325.851 galones. Activated Carbon: Adsorptive particles or granules of carbon usually obtained by heating carbon (such as wood). These particles or granules have a high capacity to selectively remove certain trace and soluble materials from water. Carbono Activo: Partículas or gránulos de carbono que se obtienen generalmente por medio del calentamiento de carbono (como la madera). Estas partículas o gránulos tienen una alta capacidad de eliminar selectivamente ciertos rastros y materiales solubles del agua. Acute: Occurring over a short period of time; used to describe brief exposures and effects which appear promptly after exposure. Grave: Ocurre durante corto tiempo; se usa para describir breves exposiciones y los efectos que aparecen rapidamente después de una sola exposición.
[Show full text]
An Analysis of Water Data Systems to Inform the Open Water Data Initiative1
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION Vol. 52, No. 4 AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION August 2016 AN ANALYSIS OF WATER DATA SYSTEMS TO INFORM THE OPEN WATER DATA INITIATIVE1 David Blodgett, Emily Read, Jessica Lucido, Tad Slawecki, and Dwane Young2 ABSTRACT: Improving access to data and fostering open exchange of water information is foundational to solv- ing water resources issues. In this vein, the Department of the Interior’s Assistant Secretary for Water and Science put forward the charge to undertake an Open Water Data Initiative (OWDI) that would prioritize and accelerate work toward better water data infrastructure. The goal of the OWDI is to build out the Open Water Web (OWW). We therefore considered the OWW in terms of four conceptual functions: water data cataloging, water data as a service, enriching water data, and community for water data. To describe the current state of the OWW and identify areas needing improvement, we conducted an analysis of existing systems using a stan- dard model for describing distributed systems and their business requirements. Our analysis considered three OWDI-focused use cases—flooding, drought, and contaminant transport—and then examined the landscape of other existing applications that support the Open Water Web. The analysis, which includes a discussion of observed successful practices of cataloging, serving, enriching, and building community around water resources data, demonstrates that we have made significant progress toward the needed infrastructure, although chal- lenges remain. The further development of the OWW can be greatly informed by the interpretation and findings of our analysis. (KEY TERMS: data management; public participation; hydrologic cycle; geospatial analysis; open data; network linked asset.) Blodgett, David, Emily Read, Jessica Lucido, Tad Slawecki, and Dwane Young, 2016.
[Show full text]
Water We Doing Here? (5Th Grade)
Water We Doing Here? 5th Grade Field Trip to Red Rock Canyon National Conservation Area Las Vegas, Nevada Water We Doing Here? Overview: Students extend their learning about Earth’s systems by defining terminology, making place- based observations of the Earth’s systems and the water cycle, and describing how the Earth’s systems interact using the Red Springs trail at Red Rock Canyon National Conservation Area. Duration: 45-minute session for pre-activity 1 day for field trip and reflection 45-minute session for post-activity Grade: Fifth Next Generation Science Standards: Field Trip Theme: Red Rock Canyon National Conservation Area’s topography creates a specialized water cycle that is important to the interaction of Earth’s systems. Objectives: Students will: . Define and give examples of the major Earth’s systems . Name the phases of the water cycle . Name two plants and two animals that live in or depend on Red Rock Canyon National Conservation Area water cycle to survive . Describe how the water cycle at Red Rock Canyon National Conservation Area works . Describe the importance of the water cycle to plants and animals . Simulate the paths that water takes in the water cycle . Investigate and explain that water can be a liquid or a solid and can go back and forth from one form to another . Create a model of the Earth’s systems for the Red Springs trail at Red Rock Canyon . Describe ways the geosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and/or atmosphere interact Background Information: The water cycle describes the constant movement and ever changing states of water (hydrosphere) on, in and above the Earth.
[Show full text]