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The Hand-Loom in Ulster's Post-Famine Linen Industry: the Limits of Mechanization in Textiles' 'Factory Age'
Textile History, 35 (2), 178-191, 2004 The Hand-Loom in Ulster's Post-Famine Linen Industry: The Limits of Mechanization in Textiles' 'Factory Age' KEVIN J. JAMES This article explores conditions in the Ulster linen trade which sustained hand-loom weaving through the second half of the nineteenth century. In particular, it investigates the role and limits of technology in this process, and the impact of the American Civil War and its aftermath on mechanization. INTRODUCTION The historiography of the Irish litien trade in the second half of the nineteenth cen- tury has focused on its mechanization, while acknowledging the continuing presence of hand-lootn branches in the sector.' Generally, the structure of hand production in the Irish linen sector after 1850 has received less attention than tnechanized weaving, although there is a growing historiography on co-extensive hand- and tnechanized weaving in other branches of textile tnanufacture in the United Kingdotn.^ Partly this neglect of the hand-lootn results frotn greater interest in technological developments which so quickly transformed the spinning sector in the 1820s and 1830s.^ In spin- ning, the displacement of hand production by machine was relatively swift and com- plete — even the small demand in Ireland for super-fine yarn after the 1820s was largely met by imported hand-spun continental varieties.* Indeed, contemporary observers claimed that weaving was developing in the same direction — but their predictions of the hand-loom's obsolescence proved inaccurate and premature. In 1852, for instance, the Belfast and Province of Ulster Directory quoted J. MacAdam's comments in the Joumal of Design in which he predicted the hand-loom's demise: There are many reasons for believing that the future progress of the Irish linen trade will at least keep pace with its past development. -
The British Linen Trade with the United States in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Textile Society of America Symposium Proceedings Textile Society of America 1990 The British Linen Trade With The United States In The Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries N.B. Harte University College London Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tsaconf Part of the Art and Design Commons Harte, N.B., "The British Linen Trade With The United States In The Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries" (1990). Textile Society of America Symposium Proceedings. 605. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tsaconf/605 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Textile Society of America at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Textile Society of America Symposium Proceedings by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. -14- THE BRITISH LINEN TRADE WITH THE UNITED STATES IN THE EIGHTEENTH AND NINETEENTH CENTURIES by N.B. HARTE Department of History Pasold Research Fund University College London London School of Economics Gower Street Houghton Street London WC1E 6BT London WC2A 2AE In the eighteenth century, a great deal of linen was produced in the American colonies. Virtually every farming family spun and wove linen cloth for its own consumption. The production of linen was the most widespread industrial activity in America during the colonial period. Yet at the same time, large amounts of linen were imported from across the Atlantic into the American colonies. Linen was the most important commodity entering into the American trade. This apparently paradoxical situation reflects the importance in pre-industrial society of the production and consumption of the extensive range of types of fabrics grouped together as 'linen*. -
Collegiate Churches, Ten Priories, and Six Nunneries, Whilst the Massive Remains of Fourteen Military Strongholds Are Still More Or Less Evident
ST.AFFORDSRIR~, Collegiate Churches, ten Priories, and six Nunneries, whilst the massive remains of fourteen military strongholds are still more or less evident. The Benedictines early established themselves at Burton Abbey, in 1002, and at the Priory of Lapley a few years afterwards. 1'hey also had foundations at the Abbey of Calwich, and the Priories ofTutbury, Blythe bury, Can well, and Sand well, together with the Nunneries of Farewell and Blackladies. The Augustinian Canons built the Abbeys of Ronton and Roccster, and had besides the Priories of Trentham, Stone, Stafford and St. Thomas at Lichfield. The Cistercian Order boasted of the three Abbeys of Croxden, Abbey Hulton, and Dieu la Cresse and they also . had a monastery at Radmore, in the forest of Cannock. The Cluniac monks never gained a footing in the county, but the remains of Dudley Priory, founded in 1140, just outside the border line still assert their near presence. Of the various orders of Friars, the Grey Friars were repre sented at Lichfield and Stafford, the Austin Friars at Stafford only. 1'he Knights Templar had a Preceptory at Keele, and also lands at Stoke. In Parish Churches, however, Staffordshire was not so richly endowed as many other counties, the approximate numbers, at the time of "the Domesday Survey, amounting only to about 28 or 30, though during the later Norman period the number increased at a rapid rate. The following were formerly Collegiate Churches, viz., . ·wol verhampton, Tettenhall, Gnosall, Lichfield, Penkridge, Stafford, &c. Tho mcdimval military remains comprise the Castles of Stafford, Wednesbmy, Chartley, Dudley, Alton, 1'utbury, Eccleshall, Caverswall, Heyleigh, Lichfield, Chesterton, N ~w castle, Stourton, and Audley, some of which have absolutely disappeared, whilst others frown formidably even in their ruin. -
Planning Application Number:P10/0765
PLANNING APPLICATION NUMBER:P10/0765 Type of approval sought Conservation Area Consent Ward Castle & Priory Applicant Dudley College Location: KUDOS HOUSE, LAND AT CORNER OF PRIORY ROAD & EDNAM ROAD, DUDLEY, WEST MIDLANDS, DY1 1HL Proposal CONSERVATION AREA CONSENT FOR DEMOLITION OF KUDOS HOUSE, FORMER COACH HOUSE, SPORTS HALL AND BOUNDARY WALLS Recommendation REFUSE Summary: SITE AND SURROUNDINGS 1 The application site is 0.4 hectares in size and encompasses a Locally Listed Historic House (constructed in 1864-5 as Priory Villa but more recently re-named Kudos House) along with its extensive grounds which also contain an associated historic Coach House. These elements with their historic boundary walls all fall within the boundary of the Dudley Town Centre Conservation Area. The application site extends beyond this incorporating a part of the Priory Road Car Park and a building housing a former gymnasium at the rear of no. 2 Ednam Road. The gymnasium and boundary treatment along Priory Road (wall, railings and posts) are vestiges of the former use of this part of the site as Dudley Girls Grammar School. Priory Villa itself is in a good condition and is currently being used as council offices (electoral services office). 2 In the context of the current application for demolition the application site itself needs to be understood in the context of the historic evolution of Dudley Town Centre and of the contribution that the historic buildings and their historic layout make to local distinctiveness and the ‘sense of place’ that makes Dudley special when compared to other towns in the Black Country and beyond. -
A Uct Ion View
AN AUCTION OF 18th Century British Trade Tokens The Richmond Suite (Lower Ground Floor) The Washington Hotel 5 Curzon Street Mayfair London W1J 5HE Wednesday 5 October 2011 10:00 Free Online Bidding Service www.dnw.co.uk AUCTION Weekdays, Monday and Tuesday, 19 and 20 September Friday, Saturday and Sunday, 30 September, 1 and 2 October 16 Bolton Street, Mayfair, London W1 strictly by appointment only We regret there will be NO viewing between 21 and 29 September Monday and Tuesday, 3 and 4 October 16 Bolton Street, Mayfair, London W1 Public viewing, 10:00 to 17:00 Wednesday 5 October 16 Bolton Street, Mayfair, London W1 Public viewing, 08:00 to end of the Sale Appointments to view: 020 7016 1700 or auctions @dnw.co.uk VIEWING Catalogued by Peter Preston-Morley Photography by Wioletta Madaj and Jan Starnes In sending commissions or making enquiries please contact Peter Preston-Morley Catalogue price £15 C ONTENTS Please note: Lots will be sold at a rate of approximately 150 per hour Session 1: 10.00 BST (Eastern DST 05.00; Pacific 02.00) 18th Century Tokens from the late David Griffiths Collection (Part I) ..............................................1-181 18th Century Tokens from the Dr Allen Bennett Collection..........................................................182-481 Numismatic Books.........................................................................................................................482-489 The Collection of Evasions formed by Neil Beaton.......................................................................490-506 -
Aberdeen334973 1 Aberdeen335013 1
aberdeen3-34973_1 Summary In August 2007, Mr Harry McNab of Bancon Developments Ltd, commissioned Alison Cameron of Aberdeen City Council Archaeology Unit to conduct an archaeological evaluation on the site of a proposed development at Stoneywood Terrace, Aberdeen. No archaeological features were discovered during the evaluation; however, it was not possible to evaluate the western edge of site (the area of greatest archaeological potential) due to the presence of a grove of mature beech trees. This report recommends that the clients notify Aberdeen City Council Archaeology Unit prior to any future groundworks within this area, to allow an evaluation trench to be dug (if appropriate) to determine the possible location of the Aberdeenshire canal.. 1. Introduction and Background aberdeen3-35013_1 Summary In February 2007, Grampian Developments Ltd commissioned Aberdeen City Council Archaeology Unit to carry out an Archaeological Watching Brief on the site of a proposed development at Caberstone House, 47 Belmont Street, Aberdeen. All groundworks on site were carried out prior to an archaeologist being present in contravention of The town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1997(1) and The Specification for Archaeological Watching Brief set out by the Keeper of Archaeology, Aberdeen City Council (February 2007). An archaeologist attended site in a remedial capacity and located no evidence for the existence or survival of any significant archaeological features. 1. Introduction and Background aberdeen3-38233_1 Summary This specification gives an outline of the archaeological value of this site and indicates the works which w be required to ensure that any surviving archaeological deposits are protected and recorded. 1.0 Site Location and Description albionar1-14063_1 Non-Technical Summary Huntingdon DC has granted planning consent (00/01585/OUT) to Bedfordia Developments Ltd for re-development of land at Grove Lane, Ellington, Cambridgeshire, NGR TL164/721. -
Bamfords Auctioneers & Valuers
Bamfords Auctioneers & Valuers The Derby Auction House Chequers Road Derby VICTORIAN, EDWARDIAN AND GENERAL SALE PART 2 Derbyshire DE21 6EN Started Jul 19, 2017 10:30am BST United Kingdom Lot Description 1000 A Hinks patent oil lamp with plated Corinthian column supporting clear cut glass font, later converted to electricity An early 19th Century substantial Named-View Derby campana vase, painted with a view in Wales, green ground, gilt snake handles, 1001 C.1825 (faults) Condition Report: Heavily damaged and poorly restored throughout, large cracks throughout An 18th century Pearlware blue and white bowl, painted with a child riding an Ox with others watching, pagoda, landscape, unmarked, 1002 29.5cm diam, c.1790 1003 A Japanese Pottery figure samurai warrior, green robes, long beard; another Geisha girl (2) 1004 A Japanese shaped circular plate, painted in underglaze blue with flowering peonies, 30cm diam, Miji period A large Royal Dux type model of an Indian elephant, standing with curled trunk, glazed in bronze green and gold tones, 44cm high, 1005 impressed marks (faults) 1006 A Moorcroft triangular ashtray, hibiscus on yellow ground A Victorian oversized Brandy balloon glass, engraved grape and vine Condition Report: A small 1mm chip to inner ring, light surface 1007 scratches throughout, 25cm high 1008 A Royal Worcester snuffer, as a Japanese girl 1009 A 19th century porcelain dog, Boxer 1010 A pair of large green glass bowls on stands 1011 A Goebel glass model Cockerel, painted decoration, engraved marks A late 19th century Staffordshire -
Glass Circle Publications
INDEXOF GLASS CIRCLE PUBLICATIONS by Hazel Bell Incorporating and modifying the previous indexes by Peter Lole Indexed publications Key Glass Circle News Issues 1-140 (1977–2016) 1.1 (Issue no.page no(s);) The Glass Circle Journal 1-11 (1972-2009) JL The Centenary Supplement (2004) CS GCN (2004) Ex. ExFromcerpts Palace from to the Parlour first 99(2003) issues of PP The Glass Circle Diamond Jubilee 1937–1997 DJ Glass Collectors and their Collections (1999) Col. Strange and Rare: 50th Anniversary Exhibition 1937–1987 SR Major references to a topic are given in bold type Abbreviations used: c. GCN for Glass Circle News. Notesexh. for exhibition; for century; GC for Glass Circle; Short forms of article and book titles are used. Article titles, and titlesin ofitalics talks reported, are given ‘in quotes’ under the names of the speakers. Book titles are given under the names of the authors, except for multi-author books, listed under their titles. GlassReviewers Circle of books,News andreferences writers of are letters given and in obituaries, the form: are rarely included. Issue number.page number(s) with the Issue numbers followed by stops; page numbers in the same issue separated by commas; Issue numbers separated by semi-colons. Newsletters for April and July 1983 are both numbered 26; references to those issues are given in the index as 26A and 26Jy. The first page of Issue 115, 2 June 2008, shows Issue number as 114. Announcements of coming events, advertisements, auctions, fairs, and sales reports are not indexed; of exhibitions, only major ones are indexed. -
British Railways Departmental Wagons
British Railways (1950s – 70s) British Railways Departmental Wagons C54 BOPLATE E WAGON £10.35 Unfitted type, built between 1951 & 1959. These wagons had features inherited from the LMS & LNER – LMS C11 CATFISH 19ton BALLAST HOPPER £6.75 C13 MERMAID BALLAST WAGON £8.50 “Simplex” brake levers & LNER buffers, but had BR plate bogies.. Modernised wagons became BPA – see page Catfish hoppers are similar to the Dogfish, but have a Built by Metro - Cammell, and almost identical to the 15. One piece bogie side frames and stretchers, with separate axleboxes. lower hopper and lack of side chutes. There was one GWR owned type (which were unfitted). They were central discharge door. 236 Catfish were built from usually used for tipping ballast from an adjacent line 1955-58 by Metropolitan-Cammell to BR Diagram onto the trackbed, before laying the track. D1/586. These all had oil axleboxes & self-contained buffers. They were mostly all out of use by 2000. C56 BOLSTER D WAGON (BR PLATE BOGIES) £10.35 Unfitted Type. These wagons were based on the wood-bodied LNER Quint Bolster wagons (see C83 on page 7), having LNER-style buffers and brake levers, but a steel body. The kit bogies have one piece side frames and C14 SHARK PLOUGH BRAKE VAN £10.35 stretchers, with separate axleboxes. The vacuum fitted version had Gloucester bogies – see C85 below. C12 DOGFISH 24ton BALLAST HOPPER £6.75 Built from 1956 to 1960. Based on the LMS/LNER Built during 1956 - 60, and based on the LMS Oyster. “Trout” design, these wagons were the most numerous Ploughs at the end are lowered when in use, using the of ballast hopper designs in the engineers’ fleet. -
Strategic Needs Assessment
West Midlands Violence Reduction Unit STRATEGIC NEEDS ASSESSMENT APRIL 2021 westmidlands-vru.org @WestMidsVRU 1 VRU STRATEGIC NEEDS ASSESSMENT CONTENTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................................3 Violence has been rising in the West Midlands for several years, a trend - sadly - that has been seen across 2. Introduction and Aims .............................................................................................................................4 much of England & Wales. Serious violence, such as knife crime, has a disproportionately adverse impact on some of our most vulnerable 3. Scope and Approach ................................................................................................................................5 people and communities. All too often, it causes great trauma and costs lives, too often young ones. 4. Economic, Social and Cultural Context ...............................................................................................6 In the space of five years, knife crime has more than doubled in the West Midlands, from 1,558 incidents in the year to March 2015, to more than 3,400 in the year to March 2020, according to the Office for National Statistics. 5. The National Picture – Rising Violence ...............................................................................................8 Violence Reduction Units were set up to help prevent this rise in serious violence -
The Ulster Linen Triangle: an Industrial Cluster Emerging from a Proto-Industrial Region Marcel Boldorf
3 The Ulster Linen Triangle: An Industrial Cluster Emerging from a Proto-Industrial Region Marcel Boldorf Whether Northern Ireland can really be regarded as an example of a successful transition into the age of industrialization is the subject of some academic debate. Researchers who take the situation of the whole country into consideration, especially focusing on the Great Famine of the 1840s, tend to a hold onto a rather pessimist view. Particularly, when the Irish development is compared to British industrialization, the effects of de-industrialization and the peripheral state are highlighted (Ó’Gráda, 1988). A variation of this is to speak of ‘Ireland’s industrial decline in the nineteenth century, outside eastern Ulster’ (Clarkson, 1996, p.83). This view takes into account the rapid growth of the linen industry in a specific part of Ulster, the northernmost of Ireland’s ancient provinces. One cannot deny that the history of the Irish has been strongly linked to hunger and pauperism, primarily in sectors such as hand-spinning which, at a certain stage, lagged behind in productivity, thus suffering a slump in earnings (Ollerenshaw, 1985, pp.67–9). However, there might be some evidence for more optimism regarding the province of Ulster, especially when its economic performance is compared to other cases in continental Europe (Boldorf, 2003). A full comparison with other European regions is not the intention of this contribution. The optimistic perspective is assumed as a starting point, and the aim is to present a more complete view of Irish industrialization. The chapter’s methodological foundation is built upon the concepts of industrial districts and clusters. -
Jean Mercier Estate Paper's
Jean Mercier Estate Paper’s RG #7 Louisiana State Museum Historical Center October 2012 Descriptive Summary Title: Jean Mercier Estate Papers Dates: 1817-1832 Abstract: Bill, Checks, and notes related to Jean Mercier’s Estate Extent: 56 folders Accession: T0025.2003.5 ______________________________________________________________________ Biographical / Historical Note ________________________________________________________________________ Scope and Content This collection contains bills, receipts, notes, and letters that come from Jean Mercier’s Estate. There are also bankruptcy papers, court papers, and auction papers. Subjects Jean Mercier New Orleans Argus Mercier College de la Louisiana Bankruptcy College d’Orleans Bills Orleans University Invoice Steamboats Receipt Jefferson College Court Papers Bank of the United States Lawyers Bank of Orleans Property Louisiana College Auction Louisiana State Bank _______________________________________________________________________ Access of Use Restrictions Access Collection is open for research ________________________________________________________________________ 1 Related of Separated Materials Jacob Hart Collection, RG #8 ________________________________________________________________________ Administrative Information Preferred Citation: Miscellaneous estate papers of Jean Mercier, Louisiana State Museum Historical Center Acquisition Information: N/A Notes: N/A ________________________________________________________________________ Contents List Box #1 Folder 1: 1806, Nov. 10- Receipt