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VIRGIN RIVER FISHES RECOVERY PLAN Department of the Interior

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VIRGIN RIVER FISHES RECOVERY PLAN Department of the Interior VIRGIN RIVER FISHES RECOVERY PLAN Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/jfwm/article-supplement/190055/pdf/10_3996_042013-jfwm-030_s01/ by guest on 02 October 2021 Department of the Interior@ U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service Recovery Plan Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/jfwm/article-supplement/190055/pdf/10_3996_042013-jfwm-030_s01/ by guest on 02 October 2021 for the Virgin River Fishes (Woundfin Original Plan Approved: July 9, 1979) (Woundfin First Revision Approved: March 1, 1985) Prepared by the Virgin River Fishes Recovery Team for Region 6 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Denver, Colorado Approved: O.,171j1.iq,iqq gi ona ate i DISCLAIMER Recovery plans delineate reasonable actions which are believed to be required to recover and/or protect listed species. Plans are published by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, sometimes prepared with the assistance of recovery teams, contractors, State agencies, and others. Objectives will be attained and any necessary funds made available subject to budgetary and other constraints affecting the parties involved, as well as the need to address other priorities. Recovery plans do not necessarily represent the views or the official positions or approval of any individuals or agencies involved in the plan formulation, other than the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. They Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/jfwm/article-supplement/190055/pdf/10_3996_042013-jfwm-030_s01/ by guest on 02 October 2021 represent the official position of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service p~fl.y after they have been signed by the Regional Director or Director as approved Approved Recovery plans are subject to modification as dictated by new findings, changes in species status, and the completion of recovery tasks. ii . Literature Citations should read as follows: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1994. Virgin River Fishes Recovery Plan. Salt Lake City, Utah. 45 pp. Additional copies may be purchased from: Fish and Wildlife Service: 5430 Grosvenor Lane, Suite 110 Bethesda, Maryland 20814 Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/jfwm/article-supplement/190055/pdf/10_3996_042013-jfwm-030_s01/ by guest on 02 October 2021 301/492—6403 or 1—800—582—3421 The fee for the plan varies depending on the number of pages of the plan. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Virgin River Fishes Recovery Plan was prepared by the Virgin River Fishes Recovery Team, comprised of the following individuals: Leo Lentsch, Utah Division of Wildlife Resources Henry Maddux, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 6 Donna Withers, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 1 Sally Stefferud, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 2 Francisco Abarca, Arizona Game and Fish Department Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/jfwm/article-supplement/190055/pdf/10_3996_042013-jfwm-030_s01/ by guest on 02 October 2021 Jim Heinrich, Nevada Department of Wildlife Thomas Hardy, Utah State University Robert Douglas, Dixie Resource Area, Bureau of Land Management Tom Burke, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Lower Colorado River Basin The Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) would especially like to thank Dr. Thomas Hardy for the work he did in developing the early draft of this plan. Patricia Worthing and Kristiana Young spent many hours in editing and improving this document; their efforts are greatly appreciated. Numerous other persons provided both technical and editorial comments during the preparation of this plan. The Service greatly appreciates the invaluable assistance provided by team members both past and present, consultants, and all others who participated during the preparation of this plan. iv EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Current SDecies Status: The woundf in, Plagopterus argentissimus, and Virgin River chub, Gila seminuda, are listed as endangered. These fish presently occur in the mainstem Virgin River in Utah, Arizona, and Nevada. The Virgin River chub also has been recently described in the Moapa (Muddy) River in Nevada. The woundfin historically occurred in the Salt River, Arizona; the Gila River near Yuma, Arizona; the Colorado River near Yuma, Arizona; and the Moapa River, Nevada, but it no longer occurs in these rivers. Both the Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/jfwm/article-supplement/190055/pdf/10_3996_042013-jfwm-030_s01/ by guest on 02 October 2021 woundfin and Virgin River chub have declined in the Virgin River, especially in the reaches downstream of Washington Fields Diversion near St. George, Utah. The Virgin River chub also may have declined in the Moapa River. Habitat Requirements and Limiting Factors: Woundf in are most often collected in run and quiet water habitats with sand substrates. Virgin River chubs are most often collected in deep run or pools associated with instream cover. Alteration of flow regimes from construction of dams and diversions, decreased water quality, and introduction of nonnative species are the principal threats to these species. Recover g.~j~tive: Downlisting. RecoverY Criteria: Downlisting. The woundfin may be downlisted to threatened status when (1) Virgin River flows essential to survival of all life stages are protected, (2) degraded Virgin River habitat from Pah Tempe Springs (also called La Verkin Springs) to Lake Mead is upgraded and maintained to allow continued existence of all life stages at viable population levels, and (3) barriers to upstream migration of introduced fishes are established, red shiner (Notropis lutrensis) is eliminated, and other nonnative species which present a major threat to the continued existence of the fish community are reduced. Virgin River chub have recently been described in the Moapa River in Nevada. Virgin River chub are listed as endangered in the Virgin River, Utah, Arizona, and Nevada; they are not currently listed in the Moapa River, Nevada. If the fish is not listed in the Moapa River, downlisting criteria will be identical to those discussed above for the woundfin. If the Virgin River chub is listed in the Moapa River, recovery criteria that address the fish in both rivers will be developed in the future. Delisting. Interim criteria established for the possible delisting of the woundfin are: (1) establishment of two additional self—sustaining populations within its historical range. This will require that adequate protection of available habitat and instream flows are maintained and the populations have expanded to the carrying capacity of the habitat for a minimum of a 10—year period; (2) essential habitats, important migration routes, required streamflows and water quality of both the Virgin River and the habitat of the transplanted populations are legally protected, and other significant threats associated with physical, chemical, or biological modification that might make the habitat unsuitable for the two endangered fish are removed. v Delisting criteria for the woundfin are considered interim because the opportunity and the potential locations for reestablishment of additional populations is uncertain. Delisting criteria for the Virgin River chub cannot presently be determined. Actions Needed 1. Monitor existing populations. 2. Eliminate red shiners from the Virgin River system from Johnson Diversion to Lake Mead. 3. Develop a viable operating protocol for regulated flows within the Virgin Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/jfwm/article-supplement/190055/pdf/10_3996_042013-jfwm-030_s01/ by guest on 02 October 2021 River affected by the Quail Creek Reservoir System and other proposed systems. 4. Recommend specific sites suitable for reintroduction of additional populations of woundfin. 5. Secure appropriate habitat and flow protection for the selected introduction sites. 6. Introduce woundfin to selected sites. 7. Develop and implement appropriate monitoring programs for reintroduced woundfi n populations. 8. Conduct research on the life history of woundfin and Virgin River chub. 9. Conduct research on the potential for habitat improvements within the Virgin River-. RecoverY Cost: unknown. Date of Recovery: 2015. vi : TABLE OF CONTENTS DISCLAIMER ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS iv EXECUTIVE SUMMARY V 1 PART I INTRODUCTION . WOUNDFIN 2 Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/jfwm/article-supplement/190055/pdf/10_3996_042013-jfwm-030_s01/ by guest on 02 October 2021 Taxonomic Status 2 Description 2 Historical Distribution 3 Present Distribution 3 Life History/Ecology 5 Habitat 5 Food Habits 7 Reproductive Biology 7 Movement 8 VIRGIN RIVER CHUB 9 Taxonomic Status 9 Descriptio~i 9 Historical Distribution 9 Present Distribution 9 Life History/Ecology 10 Habitat 10 Food Habits 10 Reproductive Biology 11 Movement 11 ASSOCIATED SPECIES 11 Native Species 11 11 Introduced Species . LIMITING FACTORS 12 Water Use 12 13 Changes in Abundance . 13 Habitat Alterations .. REASONS FOR LISTING 14 14 CONSERVATION MEASURES .. PART II RECOVERY 17 OBJECTIVE AND CRITERIA .. 17 17 Downlisting Criteria . Interim Delisting Criteria 17 NARRATIVE OUTLINE FOR RECOVERY ACTIONS ADDRESSING THREATS 19 Step Down Outline 19 Narrative 22 35 LITERATURE CITED .. PART III IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE 40 VIRGIN RIVER FISHES RECOVERY PLAN PART I INTRODUCTION This recovery plan addresses the status, threats, and recovery needs of the woundfin (Plagopterus argentissinius) and the Virgin River chub (G~la seminuda). The woundfin was listed as endangered on October 13, 1970 (35 FR 16047). A Woundfin Recovery Plan was originally prepared in July 1979, then Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/jfwm/article-supplement/190055/pdf/10_3996_042013-jfwm-030_s01/
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