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Calendar of Observances 2014

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Calendar of Observances 2014 CALENDAR OF OBSERVANCES 2014 The increasingly pluralistic population of the United States creates diverse communities, student bodies and employees. To enhance mutual understanding and respect among the various religious, ethnic and cultural groups, the Anti-Defamation League offers this Calendar of Observances as a tool to increase awareness and sensitivity about religious obligations as well as ethnic and cultural festivities that may affect students, colleagues and neighbors. RELIGIOUS OBSERVATIONS The multi-faith calendar includes significant religious observances of the major faiths represented in the United States. Thus, it can be used as a resource when planning school exam timetables and school activities, or when scheduling workplace festivities and community events. Note that Bahá’í, Jewish and Islamic holidays begin at sundown the previous day and end at sundown on the date listed. NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL HOLIDAYS The calendar notes U.S. holidays that are either legal holidays or observed in various states and communities throughout the country. Important national and international observances that may be commemorated in the U.S. are also included. CALENDAR SYSTEM The dates of secular holidays are based on the Gregorian calendar, which is commonly used for civil dating purposes. Many religions and cultures follow various traditional calendar systems that are often based on the phases of the moon with occasional adjustments for the solar cycle. Therefore, specific Gregorian calendar dates for these observances will differ from year to year. In addition, calculation of specific dates may vary by geographical location and according to different sects within a given religion. [NOTE: Observances highlighted in yellow indicate that the dates are tentative or not yet set by the organizations who coordinate them.] 1 © 2013 Anti-Defamation League 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158 www.adl.org [email protected] JANUARY 2014 January 1 Wednesday NEW YEAR’S DAY The first day of the year in the Gregorian calendar, commonly used for civil dating purposes. January 1 Wednesday TEMPLE DAY • Buddhist Many Buddhists of all traditions pay their respects and pray for good fortune for the new year at the temple. January 6 Monday EPIPHANY • Christian Known as Theophany in Eastern Christianity, it celebrates the manifestation of Jesus as Christ. In addition, the Western Church associates Epiphany with the journey of the Magi to the infant Jesus, and the Eastern Church with the baptism of Jesus by John. January 6 Monday CHRISTMAS • Armenian Orthodox Christian Armenian Christians celebrate the birth of Jesus on Epiphany, except for Armenians living in Israel, who celebrate Christmas on January 19th. January 7 Tuesday CHRISTMAS • Eastern Christian Most Orthodox churches celebrate Christmas 13 days later than other Christian churches based on their use of the Julian rather than the Gregorian version of the Western calendar. January 13 Monday MILAD AL-NABI • Islamic Celebrates the birthday of the Prophet Muhammad, founder of Islam. Shi‟a Muslims celebrate it five days later than Sunni Muslims. January 14 Tuesday MAKAR SANKRANTI • Hindu Seasonal celebration recognizing the increasing length of days. January 16 Thursday TU B’SHVAT • Jewish New Year's Day for Trees, and traditionally the first of the year for tithing fruit of trees. Now a day for environmental awareness and action, such as tree planting. January 16 Thursday MAHAYANA NEW YEAR • Buddhist In Mahayana countries the New Year starts on the first full moon day in January. January 19 Sunday WORLD RELIGION DAY • Bahá’í Observance to proclaim the oneness of religion and the belief that world religion will unify the peoples of the earth. January 20 Monday DR. MARTIN LUTHER KING JR.’S BIRTHDAY The birthday of civil rights activist Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is celebrated on the third Monday in January. January 27 Monday UN HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL DAY Annual International Day of Commemoration in memory of the victims of the Holocaust coinciding with the anniversary of the liberation of the Auschwitz death camp in 1945. January 31 Tuesday LUNAR NEW YEAR On this day Chinese, Korean and Vietnamese New Year are celebrated. NO NAME-CALLING WEEK Annual week of educational activities aimed at ending name-calling and bullying of all kinds. 2 © 2013 Anti-Defamation League 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158 www.adl.org [email protected] FEBRUARY 2014 February Full Month BLACK HISTORY MONTH Celebrates Black History and African American culture in the United States. February 1 Saturday NATIONAL FREEDOM DAY Commemorates the signing of the 13th Amendment, which abolished slavery in 1865. February 14 Friday VALENTINE’S DAY Celebrates the idea of romantic love. February 14 Friday RACE RELATIONS DAY The National Council of Churches in recognition of the importance of interracial relations and learning. February 15 Saturday SUSAN B. ANTHONY DAY Birthday of Susan B. Anthony (1820–1906), a pioneer in the Women‟s Rights Movement. February 15 Saturday NIRVANA DAY • Buddhist Celebrates the day when the historical Buddha achieved Parinirvana, or complete Nirvana, upon the death of his physical body. Sometimes celebrated on February 8. February 17 Monday PRESIDENTS’ DAY Honors all past presidents of the United States of America. February 26– Wednesday– AYYÁM-I-HA OR INTERCALARY DAYS • Bahá’í March 1 Saturday The Ayyám-i-ha, or “Days of Ha” are devoted to spiritual preparation for the fast, celebrating, hospitality, charity and gift giving. They are celebrated the four days, five in leap year, before the last month of the Bahá‟í year. February 28 Friday MAHA SHIVARATRI • Hindu Also called Shiva Ratri, it is the Great Festival of Shiva. 3 © 2013 Anti-Defamation League 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158 www.adl.org [email protected] MARCH 2014 March Full Month NATIONAL WOMEN’S HISTORY MONTH Honors women as significant agents of historical change. March 2–March Sunday– NINETEEN-DAY FAST • Bahá’í 20 Thursday Baha'is between 15 and 70 years of age do not eat or drink from sunrise to sunset and set aside time for prayer and meditation. March 3 Monday CLEAN MONDAY • Eastern Christian The beginning of Great Lent for Eastern Christian churches, which starts 40 days before Orthodox Easter (Pascha), counting Sundays. March 4 Tuesday SHROVE TUESDAY • Western Christian A day of penitence as well as the last chance to feast before Lent begins. Also known as Mardi Gras. March 5 Wednesday ASH WEDNESDAY • Western Christian The first day of Lent for Western Christian churches, a 40-day period of spiritual preparation for Easter, not counting Sundays. March 8 Saturday INTERNATIONAL WOMEN’S DAY Celebration of the economic, political and social achievements of women worldwide. March 16 Sunday MAGHA PUJA • Buddhist Also known as Sangha Day, it commemorates the spontaneous assembly of 1,250 arahants, completely enlightened monks, in the historical Buddha's presence. March 16 Sunday PURIM • Jewish The “Feast of Lots” marks the salvation of the Jews of ancient Persia from extermination. March 17 Monday HOLI • Hindu Also called Holaka or Phagwa, this festival celebrates spring and commemorates various events in Hindu mythology. March 17 Monday ST. PATRICK’S DAY • Christian Feast day of the patron saint of Ireland. In the U.S., a secular version is celebrated by people of all faiths through appreciation of all things Irish. March 20 Thursday VERNAL EQUINOX The date when night and day are nearly the same length. It marks the first day of the season of spring. March 21 Friday INTERNATIONAL DAY FOR THE ELIMINATION OF RACIAL DISCRIMINATION Call to action to eliminate all forms of racial discrimination worldwide. March 21 Friday NOWRÚZ • Zoroastrian A traditional ancient Iranian festival celebrating the first day of Spring and the Iranian New Year. Also celebrated as New Year‟s Day in Baha‟i tradition (Naw-Ruz). March 31 Monday CESAR CHAVEZ DAY Honors Mexican American farm worker, labor leader and activist Cesar Chavez (1927– 1993) who was a nationally respected voice for social justice. 4 © 2013 Anti-Defamation League 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158 www.adl.org [email protected] APRIL 2014 April 8 Tuesday RAMA NAVAMI • Hindu Celebrates the birthday of Rama, king of ancient India, hero of the epic Ramayana, and seventh incarnation of Vishnu. April 13 Sunday PALM SUNDAY • Christian Observed the Sunday before Easter/Pascha to commemorate the entry of Jesus into Jerusalem. April 15–21 Tuesday– PASSOVER/PESACH • Jewish Monday The eight-day “Feast of Unleavened Bread” celebrates Israel‟s deliverance from Egyptian bondage. April 17 Thursday HOLY THURSDAY • Christian Also known as Maundy Thursday, it is celebrated on the Thursday before Easter commemorating the Last Supper, at which Jesus and the Apostles were together for the last time before the Crucifixion. April 18 Friday GOOD FRIDAY • Christian Known as Holy Friday in Eastern Christianity, it commemorates the Crucifixion of Jesus on the Friday before Easter/Pascha. April 20 Sunday EASTER • Christian Known as Pascha in Eastern Christianity, it celebrates the resurrection of Jesus. April 21–May 2 Monday– FESTIVAL OF RIDVÁN • Bahá’í Friday Annual festival commemorating the 12 days when Bahá‟u‟lláh, the prophet-founder of the Bahá‟í Faith, resided in a garden called Ridván (Paradise) and publicly proclaimed His mission as God‟s messenger for this age. The first (April 21), ninth (April 29), and twelfth (May 2) days are celebrated as holy days when Baha‟is suspend work. April 24 Thursday ARMENIAN MARTYRS’ DAY Memorializes the extermination of some 1.5 million Armenians between 1915 and 1923 in Turkey. April 27 Sunday YOM HASHOAH • Jewish “Holocaust Remembrance Day” memorializes the heroic martyrdom of six million Jews who perished in the Nazi Holocaust. DAY OF SILENCE Students take a day-long vow of silence to protest the actual silencing of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) students and their straight allies due to bias and harassment.
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