Matte Painting Skapandet Av En Virtuell Kuliss

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Matte Painting Skapandet Av En Virtuell Kuliss Kandidatarbete i Medieteknik, 30 hp Vårtermin 2013 Matte Painting Skapandet av en virtuell kuliss Andreas Hasseltun Victor Terman Handledare: Pirjo Elovaara & Jens Sjöberg Examinator: Peter Ekdahl Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för planering och mediedesign 1 Abstrakt Det här kandidatarbetet kommer framförallt att beröra filmtekniken, Matte Painting, men vi kommer även röra oss runt omkring ämnet och presentera andra delar från filmproduktionen och framförallt postproduktionen för att lättare kunna sätta Matte Painting i ett relevant sammanhang. Vi jämför Matte Painting med en teaterkuliss, en bakgrund som på nära håll eller ses från fel vinkel kan bryta illusionen av att det är en verklig miljö. Vi undersöker och presenterar hur man kan bygga upp en digitalt skapad Matte Painting som möjliggör att inte behöva åka land och rike runt efter den idealiska filmplatsen, utan kan spela in filmscenen i en studiomiljö. Vi analyserar existerande filmscener som har använt sig av Matte Painting, gör jämförelser mellan olika användningsområden för Matte Painting samt diskuterar fram en slutsats som besvarar vår frågeställning: “Hur har utvecklingen av filmtekniken, Matte Painting, sett ut och hur kan man tillämpa en digital Matte Paint i postproduktion för att förstärka helhetsupplevelsen av en filmscen?” Nyckelord: Matte Painting, kuliss, postproduktion, green screen, process. 2 Abstract This thesis will primarily concern the film technique, Matte Painting, but we will also roam around the subject and introduce other elements of the film production, and above all post production for ease of putting Matte Painting in a relevant context. We compare Matte Painting with a theatrical backdrop, a background that closely or viewed from the wrong angle can break the illusion that it is a real world environment. We will investigate and present how to build a digitally created Matte Painting that enables not having to travel across the country for the ideal film location, but can shoot the scene in a studio environment. We analyze existing film scenes that have made use of Matte Painting, making comparisons between different uses for Matte painting and discuss a conclusion that answers our main question: "How has the evolution of the film technology, Matte Painting, looked like and how you can apply a digital matte paint in post production to enhance the overall experience of a movie scene?" Keywords: Matte Painting, backdrop, post production, green screen, process. 3 Innehållsförteckning: 1. Inledning 5 2. Bakgrund 6 3. Frågeställning 7 4. Syfte 7 5. Tidigare forskning 8 5.1. Filmproduktionen 8 5.1. Varför postproduktion ? 9 5.2. Postproduktionsprocessen 10 5.3. Matte Painting 13 5.3.2. Matte Painting idag 15 5.3.3. Matte Painting i 2D/2.5D och 3D 16 5.3.4. Varför använda sig av Matte Painting? 17 6. Analys av Matte Painting i filmer med varierande budget 18 6.1. Iron Sky 18 6.2. Alice i Underlandet 20 6.3. 300 22 7. Kontakt med företag 24 8. Tillvägagångsätt 27 8.1. Metoder 27 8.2. Teknik 29 8.3. Processen 30 9. Resultat och Diskussion 34 9.1. Vår filmscen 34 4 9.2. Kunskapsresultat 38 9.3. 3D 38 9.4. Slutsats 40 9.5. Slutord 41 10. Ordlista 41 11. Källförteckning 43 1. Inledning Du ser på filmer men tänker du någonsin på allt arbete som ligger bakom en film? Vad som måste göras innan du kan se filmen hemma i din TV-soffa? Eller på vad som är på riktigt och vad som är konstgjort i en film? Det är en del av filmmagin att inte veta, utan låta sig själv bli lurad att tro på allt som händer på vita duken. Hur blir vi då lurade, vad är det som krävs? En filmproduktion är en mycket lång och ansträngande process som ibland sträcker sig över flera år. Man kan säga att en filmproduktion framför allt består av tre stora delar som i sin tur består av flera olika avdelningar och processer. De tre delarna kallas för; förproduktion, produktion och postproduktion. Det finns även två andra stora delar av filmprocessen; utveckling och distribution som sker före respektive efter filmproduktionen. (W. Rea, K. Irving, Producing and Directing the Short Film and Video, 2010). Vi ska i det här arbetet fokusera på den avslutande delen av filmproduktionen, den som kallas postproduktion. Vi kommer att gå igenom vilka delar som ingår i postproduktion samt hur processen kan se ut. 5 Vi kommer lägga störst tyngd på hur man kan bygga upp en scen i datorn som annars hade varit väldig svår eller omöjlig att spela in på riktigt. Vi kommer använda oss av Matte Painting som innebär att man skapar en scenbakgrund av sammansatta bilder, filmklipp eller 3D-modeller. Matte Painting möjliggör att man kan ta tittaren med på en resa ut i fantasins värld, fram och tillbaka i tid och rum eller varför inte till en helt annan galax! När vi går in i den gestaltande delen av kandidatarbetet ska vi skapa en egen scen med Matte Painting som heltäckande bakgrund till vår skådespelare. Effekten av den här filmtekniken fungerar som en kuliss, vilket innebär att bakgrunden bara fungerar från ett håll precis som en vanlig teaterkuliss gör. 2. Bakgrund Detta kandidatarbete tog sin början när vi fann ett gemensamt intresse, nämligen att vi båda var intresserad av postproduktion för film. Vilken aspekt av postproduktionen kunde vi då lära oss mest av och på så sätt lämpligast ha som huvudområde i detta arbete? Vi kom fram till att filmtekniken, Matte Painting, var något som vi tidigare inte hade någon större erfarenhet av. Vi såg det dels som en utmaning att ta sig an det egna skapandet av en Matte Painting-scen, men även som en möjlighet att få lära något nytt och förhoppningsvis intressant. Matte Painting är även något som blir allt mer vanligt att använda sig av inom filmindustrin samt i reklamsammanhang, vilket gör att det känns relevant för oss att göra en djupdykning i ämnet. Våra förutsättningar inför den här undersökningen och gestaltande delen ser vi som relativt goda då vi besitter stor teknisk kunskap om mjukvaran samt har viljan och engagemanget att lära oss något som är givande för vår framtid. 6 Vi vill även undersöka hur Matte Painting kan bidra till filmproduktionen och höja filmens helhetsintryck, om filmtekniken har en viktig plats i efterarbetet av filmen som komplement till de existerande inspelningsplatserna samt hur den kan hjälpa att förtydliga manus. Eftersom tekniken har gått framåt rejält de senaste 20 åren, då mjukvaror har utvecklats, har det bidragit med att det blivit allt enklare att effektivt arbeta med efterarbetet i filmer. Det har även möjliggjort effekter som man inte tidigare kunnat göra, vilket kan förbättra filmproduktionens helhet. Kontentan av den tekniska utvecklingen är att man har möjlighet att höja den totala filmupplevelsen med välgjorda effekter om manuset är i tunnaste laget. Ett bra exempel på detta är filmen "Transformers" från 2007, där en välarbetad postproduktion höjer filmens underhållningsvärde. Vårt intresse för filmtekniken och dess påverkan på filmscener leder oss in på vår frågeställning som ska fungera som grundstommen för hela detta kandidatarbete. 3. Frågeställning Hur har utvecklingen av filmtekniken, Matte Painting, sett ut och hur kan man tillämpa en digital Matte Painting i postproduktion för att förstärka helhetsupplevelsen av en filmscen? Med ordet “förstärka” menar vi att göra filmens berättelse tydligare samt göra det omöjliga möjligt. Till exempel om filmen ska utspela sig i rymden enligt manus, behövs det att man skapar en virtuell rymd för att kunna sälja effekten att karaktärerna verkligen är på plats. 4. Syfte Syftet med detta kandidatarbete är att undersöka hur vi kan använda oss av en effektiv postproduktionprocess för att skapa och förstärka scener virtuellt genom att bygga upp en 7 digital bakgrund (Matte Painting), för att på så sätt förbättra den totala filmupplevelsen för åskådaren. 5. Tidigare forskning Vi har undersökt Matte Paintings historia samt hur den används idag, vad som ingår i postproduktionsprocessen, varför det är så viktigt med efterarbete av film och hur företag i branschen jobbar. Vi kommer ge en övergripande inblick hur det ser ut, men inte gå in på djupet på varje del inom postproduktionen, eftersom vår fokus kommer att ligga på Matte Painting. Vi har också helt valt bort att undersöka ljud och musik, som också hör till postproduktionen, eftersom det inte är relevant för vår undersökning. 5.1 Filmproduktionen Det som följer är en mycket förenklad förklaring på hur en filmproduktion ser ut, men ger en bättre översikt för hur postproduktionen kan sättas i ett sammanhang. Det är under utvecklingsfasen som filmidén kläcks och manuset skrivs. Under förproduktionen bryter man ner manuset i scener och gör bildmanus och ett inspelningsschema. Andra förberedelser som att leta efter inspelningsplatser, hitta/skapa rekvisita, anställa skådespelare, bygga kulisser och dylikt sker också under förproduktionsfasen. När allt är klart och alla är förberedda går förproduktionen över till produktionsfasen. Produktion är själva inspelningen av filmen. En regissör tolkar manuset och förmedlar sin vision av filmen till medarbetarna (fotograf, klippare, scenograf, ljudtekniker, ljussättare etc.). Regissören förväntas ha en tydlig tanke om vad för slags alternativ det finns att filma på och diskutera detta med huvudfotografen. Regissörens huvudsakliga fokus ska dock ligga på 8 skådespelarna och på deras presentationer. Resten av filmteamet monterar upp kameror, ljus och rekvisita samt testar så allt fungerar innan inseplingen kan börja. Postproduktionen är själva produktionen efter att filminspelningen är klar, ibland sker den även parallellt med produktionsdelen. Det är under denna process där filmen klipps, färgkorrigeras och visuella effekter skapas och läggs till. Musik och ljudläggning räknas även dessa in i postproduktionen, men vi kommer att fokusera på den visuella delen av postproduktionen av en film. Vi kommer att gå igenom postproduktionsprocessen mer ingående senare i texten.
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