Princípios De Carstologia E Geomorfologia Cárstica

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Princípios De Carstologia E Geomorfologia Cárstica PRINCÍPIOS DE CARSTOLOGIA E GEOMORFOLOGIA CÁRSTICA Luiz Eduardo Panisset Travassos REPÚBLICA FEDERATIVA DO BRASIL Presidente JAIR MESSIAS BOLSONARO MINISTÉRIO DO MEIO AMBIENTE Ministro RICARDO SALLES Secretário Executivo LUIS GUSTAVO BIAGIONI Secretário de Biodiversidade EDUARDO SERRA NEGRA CAMERINI INSTITUTO CHICO MENDES DE CONSERVAÇÃO DA BIODIVERSIDADE Presidente HOMERO DE GIORGE CERQUEIRA Diretor de Pesquisa, Avaliação e Monitoramento da Biodiversidade MARCOS AURÉLIO VENANCIO Coordenador do Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cavernas JOCY BRANDÃO CRUZ ANGLO AMERICAN MINÉRIO DE FERRO BRASIL S.A. Presidente WILFRED BRUIJN Diretor de Saúde, Segurança e Desenvolvimento Sustentável ALDO APARECIDO DE SOUZA JÚNIOR Gerente Corporativo de Meio Ambiente TIAGO MOREIRA ALVES © ICMBio 2019. O material contido nesta publicação não pode ser reproduzido, guardado pelo sistema “retrieval” ou transmitido de qualquer modo por qualquer outro meio, seja eletrônico, mecânico, de fotocópia, de gravação ou outros, sem mencionar a fonte. © dos autores 2019. Os direitos autorais das fotografias contidas nesta publicação são de propriedade de seus fotógrafos. Ministério do Meio Ambiente Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade Diretoria de Pesquisa, Avaliação e Monitoramento da Biodiversidade Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cavernas PRINCÍPIOS DE CARSTOLOGIA E GEOMORFOLOGIA CÁRSTICA Luiz Eduardo Panisset Travassos Brasília - 2019 ©ICMBio 2019. ©dos Autores 2019. PRINCÍPIOS DE CARSTOLOGIA E GEOMORFOLOGIA CÁRSTICA Coordenador do ICMBio/CECAV JOCY BRANDÃO CRUZ Autor LUIZ EDUARDO PANISSET TRAVASSOS Revisão Gramatical e Ortográfica LUCÍLIA PANISSET TRAVASSOS Projeto Gráfico e Diagramação JAVIERA DE LA FUENTE CASTELLÓN (EDITORA IABS) Coordenação Editorial APOIO INSTITUCIONAL FLÁVIO SILVA RAMOS (EDITORA IABS) www.editoraiabs.com.br Catalogação na Fonte Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade. Princípios de Carstologia e Geomorfologia Cárstica / Luiz Eduardo Panisset Travassos – Brasília: ICMBio, 2019. 242 p. ; Il. Color. ISBN 978-65-5024-003-5 1. Espeleologia. 2. Áreas cársticas. 3. Geomorfologia cárstica. I. Luiz Eduardo Panisset Travassos. II. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade – ICMBio. III. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cavernas – Cecav. VI. Título. CDU: 551.4 A reprodução total ou parcial desta obra é permitida, desde que citada a fonte. INSTITUTO CHICO MENDES DE CONSERVAÇÃO DA BIODIVERSIDADE Diretoria de Pesquisa, Avaliação e Monitoramento da Biodiversidade Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cavernas Rodovia BR 450, km 8,5 via Epia – Parque Nacional de Brasília CEP: 70635-800 - Brasília/DF - Tel: 61 2028-9792 http://www.icmbio.gov.br/CECAV SOBRE O AUTOR uiz Eduardo Panisset Travassos vem de uma família de professores, tradição pedagógica iniciada com seu bisavô materno. Interessando L na relação entre Sociedade e Natureza, cursou a Licenciatura e o Bacharelado em Geografia na Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (1996-2000), onde concluiu a Especialização em Gestão Ambiental de Resíduos Sólidos (2005), o Mestrado em Geografia (2007) e o Doutorado em Geografia (2010). Em 2011, concluiu seu segundo Doutorado, esse em Carstologia, na Universidade de Nova Gorica, Eslovênia. Em 2015 e 2016, conclui dois estágios pós-doutorais, também na Eslovênia. Um deles foi realizado no Instituto de Pesquisas do Carste daquele país (Inštitut za Raziskovanije Krasa), onde trabalhou com o monitoramento climático da Caverna de Postojna, junto ao Dr. Franci Gabrovšek. O outro estágio pós-doutoral foi realizado com o Dr. Andrej Kranjc, no Centro de Pesquisas da Academia de Ciências e Artes da Eslovênia, trabalhando aspectos da cartografia do carste na região da Carniola ao longo da história. Desde agosto de 2010, por meio de concurso público externo, tornou-se Professor Adjunto do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia da PUC Minas. Foi coordenador da Seção de História da Espeleologia da Sociedade Brasileira de Espeleologia (2007-2013) e, atualmente, é coordenador do Comitê de Carste para a América do Sul na União Internacional de Geografia e Pesquisador Associado do Instituto de Pesquisas do Carste (Eslovênia). É revisor de periódicos nacionais e internacionais, com experiência nas áreas de geografia, carstologia, meio ambiente, geoconservação e cultura. Tem interesse no papel desempenhado pela geografia do carste em conflitos regionais e internacionais, por ser o conhecimento da paisagem cárstica fator decisivo em muitos desses casos. Sua dissertação de mestrado foi premiada pela ANPEGE (Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Geografia) em 2009 e sua tese de doutorado recebeu menção honrosa da CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior) em 2011. Atualmente, o autor é Bolsista de Produtividade em Pesquisa do CNPq (PQ-2). Foto: L. E. P. Travassos Dedico esse trabalho à minha família e aos meus amigos especiais. AGRADECIMENTOS omo havia dito em minha tese de doutorado, e tenho sempre repetido para meus alunos, acredito que, desde o início de nossas carreiras, C entramos em contato com inúmeros profissionais que nos ajudam em nossas longas caminhadas, sejam elas acadêmicas, profissionais ou mesmo pessoais. Portanto, sempre precisamos da colaboração direta e indireta de diferentes instituições e de vários profissionais e amigos, aos quais devemos ser extremamente gratos, guardando-os em um lugar especial na memória. Por esse motivo, reservo este espaço para enumerar algumas pessoas e dizer que espero continuar contando com eles ao longo da minha vida. Falo isso com a mais profunda sinceridade, pois, como diria o poeta inglês John Donne (1572-1631), “nenhum homem é uma ilha isolada”. Em relação aos meus mestres “carstológicos”, agradeço ao meu orienta- dor de Mestrado, o Prof. Dr. Heinz Charles Kohler. Seus ensinamentos a res- peito do carste, sua amizade e confiança em mim foram fundamentais desde o momento em que começamos nossos contatos lá pelos idos de 2004. Foi esse Carstólogo que me colocou em contato com outra grande pessoa, um excelente cientista que veio a ser meu orientador no doutorado em Carsto- logia na Universidade de Nova Gorica, Eslovênia, meu mentor esloveno, Dr. Andrej Kranjc, pesquisador aposentado do Instituto de Pesquisas do Carste e membro ativo da Academia de Ciências e Artes daquele país, a quem agra- deço sinceramente. Sou grato pelo seu reconhecimento de meu trabalho e pelas muitas oportunidades que me foram dadas por ele. Agradeço os co- nhecimentos sempre compartilhados e, acima de tudo, sua amizade. Seu au- xílio e apoio foram fundamentais na conclusão de minha tese de doutorado e na minha formação como carstólogo. Para a sua esposa, Maja Kranjc, bibliotecária aposentada do Instituto de Pesquisas do Carste, acredito que minhas palavras nunca serão suficientes para expressar minha gratidão por sua atenção, sua dedicação e seu empenho em me auxiliar sempre que precisei “garimpar” preciosas obras daquela biblioteca. Ressalto que, muitas das vezes, essa ajuda veio por sua própria iniciativa. Por isso, e por tantas outras coisas, sou extremamente grato. Sempre que precisei de um teto, lá estava. Aos amigos em atividade no Instituto de Pesquisas do Carste da Eslovênia, meu reconhecimento por me acolherem como membro do grupo, fato que certamente contribuiu - e ainda contribui - para o meu aprimoramento pes- soal e profissional. Dentro de suas especialidades, todos contribuíram com minha formação mesmo antes de nosso primeiro contato pessoal em 2007. Ao Dr. Arthur Palmer e sua esposa, meus sinceros agradecimentos pelas sugestões dadas quando da leitura de meus textos e por suas generosas considerações na carta de recomendação que me auxiliou a ingressar no Doutorado em Carstologia da Universidade de Nova Gorica. Ao Prof. Dr. Martón Veress, da Universidade West Hungary (Szombathely) e ao geólogo australiano e editor do periódico “Helictite”, Ken Grimes, meus agradecimentos por me enviarem algumas de suas fotografias e permitirem que as usasse neste livro. No plano governamental, agradeço ao CECAV, especialmente à Débora Jansen, Mauro Gomes e Darcy Santos, pelos importantes momentos em que trocamos ideias e experiências, tanto no escritório quanto em campo. Também agradeço ao Instituto Estadual de Florestas (IEF-MG), que sempre autorizou minhas pesquisas, assim como as de meus orientandos, por meio da Gerência de Projetos e Pesquisas e da Diretoria de Pesquisa e Proteção à Biodiversidade. Quanto ao uso das imagens das UCs que aparecem neste livro, agradecemos as autorizações concedidas pela Diretoria de Áreas Protegidas (DIAP) e sua Gerência de Unidades de Conservação (GEUC), sob a orientação do Sr. Benito Drummond. Além dessas diretorias, agradeço ao Diretor da Regional Centro Norte, Sr. Rinaldo José de Souza, e aos gerentes dos Parques e Monumentos Estaduais no momento em que as fotografias foram tiradas e as licenças concedidas. Peço desculpas se deixei de citar alguém nominalmente, o que pode ter ocorrido, mas não por esquecimento, mas pela extensão da lista de colabo- radores imprescindíveis ao meu trabalho Foto: L. E. P. Travassos APRESENTAÇÃO e extrema beleza e complexidade, as áreas cársticas são am- bientes extremamente frágeis, com um conjunto de elemen- D tos físicos e bióticos, socioeconômicos e histórico-culturais, subterrâneos ou superficiais, representados pelas cavidades naturais subterrâneas que compõem o patrimônio espeleológico nacional.
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