TAG-Confucius Newsletter | Issue 36 - May 2019
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Dreams of Nature Dossier Immerse Yourself Tour │23 Days│Active Guilin – Yangshuo – Zhangjiajie - Yangtze River Cruise - Wulong – Emeishan - Chengdu
Dreams of Nature Dossier Immerse Yourself Tour │23 Days│Active Guilin – Yangshuo – Zhangjiajie - Yangtze River Cruise - Wulong – Emeishan - Chengdu Towering pinnacles swathed in mist, sky-skimming mountains and nature at its most verdant are just some of the wonders included on this scenic tour. Indulge your senses with China’s most dramatic natural highlights. TOUR HIGHLIGHTS: Cruise peacefully on the Li Lose yourself amongst the pinnacles of Zhangjiajie Four nights on the Yangtze Explore Wulong Visit Pandas in Chengdu Visit wendywutours.com.au Call 1300 727 998 to speak to a Reservations Consultant Dreams of Nature tour inclusions . Return international flights, taxes and current fuel surcharges (unless a land only option is selected) . All accommodation . Meals as stated on itinerary . All sightseeing and entrance fees . All transportation and transfers . English-speaking National Escort (If your group is 10 or more passengers) Personal expenditures e.g. drinks, optional excursions or shows, insurance of any kind, customary tipping, early check in or late checkout and other items not specified on the itinerary are at your own expense. Immerse Yourself Designed for those who wish to be further immersed in the authentic charm of Asia; our Immerse Yourself Tours include more cultural and active experiences. You will be accompanied by our dedicated and professional National Escorts or Local Guides, whose unparalleled knowledge will turn your holiday into an unforgettable experience. Our Immerse Yourself tours include: Cycling and walking through classic sites Unique cultural experiences and encounters Off the beaten track destinations More evenings at leisure for independent exploration Active Tour ‘Dreams of Nature’ is an active tour. -
DRAFT 8/8/2013 Updates at Chapter 40 -- Karstology
Chapter 40 -- Karstology Characterizing the mechanism of cavern accretion as "force" tends to suggest catastrophic attack, not a process of subtle persistence. Publicity for Ohio's Olentangy Indian Caverns illustrates the misconception. Formed millions of years ago by the tremendous force of an underground river cutting through solid limestone rock, the Olentangy Indian Caverns. There was no tremendous event millions of years ago; it's been dissolution at a rate barely discernable, century to century. Another rendition of karst stages, this time in elevation, as opposed to cross-section. Juvenile Youthful Mature Complex Extreme 594 DRAFT 8/8/2013 Updates at http://www.unm.edu/~rheggen/UndergroundRivers.html Chapter 40 -- Karstology It may not be the water, per se, but its withdrawal that initiates catastrophic change in conduit cross-section. The figure illustrates stress lines around natural cavities in limestone. Left: Distribution around water-filled void below water table Right: Distribution around air-filled void after lowering water table. Natural Bridges and Tunnels Natural bridges begin as subterranean conduits, but subsequent collapse has left only a remnant of the original roof. "Men have risked their lives trying to locate the meanderings of this stream, but have been unsuccessful." Virginia's Natural Bridge, 65 meters above today's creek bed. George Washington is said to have surveyed Natural Bridge, though he made no mention it in his journals. More certain is that Thomas Jefferson purchased "the most sublime of nature's works," in his words, from King George III. Herman Melville alluded to the formation in describing Moby Dick, But soon the fore part of him slowly rose from the water; for an instant his whole marbleized body formed a high arch, like Virginia's Natural Bridge. -
China Splendour Dossier Classic Tour │14 Days│Physical Level 2 Shanghai - Beijing - Xian - Wulong - Chengdu
1 China Splendour Dossier Classic Tour │14 Days│Physical Level 2 Shanghai - Beijing - Xian - Wulong - Chengdu Combine the wonders of the cities of imperial Beijing, stylish Shanghai and ancient Xian, with the stunning landscapes of the Wulong Karst National Geology Park. ▪ Marvel at exuberant Shanghai ▪ Discover the imperial treasures of Beijing ▪ Experience the remarkable Terracotta Warriors ▪ Walk in the spectacular Three Natural Bridges National Park ▪ Get up close to the loveable Giant Pandas To book call 1300 727 998 or visit your local travel agent Visit wendywutours.com.au 2 China Splendour Tour Inclusions: ▪ Return international economy flights, taxes and current fuel surcharges (unless a land only option is selected) ▪ All accommodation ▪ All meals ▪ All sightseeing and entrance fees ▪ All transportation and transfers ▪ English speaking National Escort (if your group is 10 or more passengers) and Local Guides ▪ Visa fees for Australian passport holders ▪ Specialist advice from our experienced travel consultants ▪ Comprehensive travel guides The only thing you may have to pay for are personal expenditure e.g. drinks, optional excursions or shows, insurance of any kind, customary tipping, early check in or late check out and other items not specified on the itinerary. Classic Tours: These tours are designed for those who wish to see the iconic sites and magnificent treasures of China on an excellent value group tour whilst travelling with like-minded people. The tours are on a fully-inclusive basis so you’ll travel with the assurance that all your arrangements are taken care of. You will be accompanied by our dedicated and professional National Escorts and local guides, whose unparalleled knowledge will turn your holiday into an unforgettable experience. -
Journal of Cave and Karst Studies
June 2019 Volume 81, Number 2 JOURNAL OF ISSN 1090-6924 A Publication of the National CAVE AND KARST Speleological Society STUDIES DEDICATED TO THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE, EDUCATION, EXPLORATION, AND CONSERVATION Published By BOARD OF EDITORS The National Speleological Society Anthropology George Crothers http://caves.org/pub/journal University of Kentucky Lexington, KY Office [email protected] 6001 Pulaski Pike NW Huntsville, AL 35810 USA Conservation-Life Sciences Julian J. Lewis & Salisa L. Lewis Tel:256-852-1300 Lewis & Associates, LLC. [email protected] Borden, IN [email protected] Editor-in-Chief Earth Sciences Benjamin Schwartz Malcolm S. Field Texas State University National Center of Environmental San Marcos, TX Assessment (8623P) [email protected] Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Leslie A. North 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW Western Kentucky University Bowling Green, KY Washington, DC 20460-0001 [email protected] 703-347-8601 Voice 703-347-8692 Fax [email protected] Mario Parise University Aldo Moro Production Editor Bari, Italy [email protected] Scott A. Engel Knoxville, TN Carol Wicks 225-281-3914 Louisiana State University [email protected] Baton Rouge, LA [email protected] Journal Copy Editor Exploration Linda Starr Paul Burger Albuquerque, NM National Park Service Eagle River, Alaska [email protected] Microbiology Kathleen H. Lavoie State University of New York Plattsburgh, NY [email protected] Paleontology Greg McDonald National Park Service Fort Collins, CO The Journal of Cave and Karst Studies , ISSN 1090-6924, CPM [email protected] Number #40065056, is a multi-disciplinary, refereed journal pub- lished four times a year by the National Speleological Society. -
Princípios De Carstologia E Geomorfologia Cárstica
PRINCÍPIOS DE CARSTOLOGIA E GEOMORFOLOGIA CÁRSTICA Luiz Eduardo Panisset Travassos REPÚBLICA FEDERATIVA DO BRASIL Presidente JAIR MESSIAS BOLSONARO MINISTÉRIO DO MEIO AMBIENTE Ministro RICARDO SALLES Secretário Executivo LUIS GUSTAVO BIAGIONI Secretário de Biodiversidade EDUARDO SERRA NEGRA CAMERINI INSTITUTO CHICO MENDES DE CONSERVAÇÃO DA BIODIVERSIDADE Presidente HOMERO DE GIORGE CERQUEIRA Diretor de Pesquisa, Avaliação e Monitoramento da Biodiversidade MARCOS AURÉLIO VENANCIO Coordenador do Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cavernas JOCY BRANDÃO CRUZ ANGLO AMERICAN MINÉRIO DE FERRO BRASIL S.A. Presidente WILFRED BRUIJN Diretor de Saúde, Segurança e Desenvolvimento Sustentável ALDO APARECIDO DE SOUZA JÚNIOR Gerente Corporativo de Meio Ambiente TIAGO MOREIRA ALVES © ICMBio 2019. O material contido nesta publicação não pode ser reproduzido, guardado pelo sistema “retrieval” ou transmitido de qualquer modo por qualquer outro meio, seja eletrônico, mecânico, de fotocópia, de gravação ou outros, sem mencionar a fonte. © dos autores 2019. Os direitos autorais das fotografias contidas nesta publicação são de propriedade de seus fotógrafos. Ministério do Meio Ambiente Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade Diretoria de Pesquisa, Avaliação e Monitoramento da Biodiversidade Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cavernas PRINCÍPIOS DE CARSTOLOGIA E GEOMORFOLOGIA CÁRSTICA Luiz Eduardo Panisset Travassos Brasília - 2019 ©ICMBio 2019. ©dos Autores 2019. PRINCÍPIOS DE CARSTOLOGIA E GEOMORFOLOGIA CÁRSTICA Coordenador do ICMBio/CECAV JOCY BRANDÃO CRUZ Autor LUIZ EDUARDO PANISSET TRAVASSOS Revisão Gramatical e Ortográfica LUCÍLIA PANISSET TRAVASSOS Projeto Gráfico e Diagramação JAVIERA DE LA FUENTE CASTELLÓN (EDITORA IABS) Coordenação Editorial APOIO INSTITUCIONAL FLÁVIO SILVA RAMOS (EDITORA IABS) www.editoraiabs.com.br Catalogação na Fonte Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade. -
Chongqing Service Guide on 72-Hour Visa-Free Transit Tourists
CHONGQING SERVICE GUIDE ON 72-HOUR VISA-FREE TRANSIT TOURISTS 24-hour Consulting Hotline of Chongqing Tourism Administration: 023-12301 Website of China Chongqing Tourism Government Administration: http://www.cqta.gov.cn:8080 Chongqing Tourism Administration CHONGQING SERVICE GUIDE ON 72-HOUR VISA-FREE TRANSIT TOURISTS CONTENTS Welcome to Chongqing 01 Basic Information about Chongqing Airport 02 Recommended Routes for Tourists from 51 COUNtRIEs 02 Sister Cities 03 Consulates in Chongqing 03 Financial Services for Tourists from 51 COUNtRIEs by BaNkChina Of 05 List of Most Popular Five-star Hotels in Chongqing among Foreign Tourists 10 List of Inbound Travel Agencies 14 Most Popular Traveling Routes among Foreign Tourists 16 Distinctive Trips 18 CHONGQING SERVICE GUIDE ON 72-HOUR VISA-FREE TRANSIT TOURISTS CONTENTS Welcome to Chongqing 01 Basic Information about Chongqing Airport 02 Recommended Routes for Tourists from 51 COUNtRIEs 02 Sister Cities 03 Consulates in Chongqing 03 Financial Services for Tourists from 51 COUNtRIEs by BaNkChina Of 05 List of Most Popular Five-star Hotels in Chongqing among Foreign Tourists 10 List of Inbound Travel Agencies 14 Most Popular Traveling Routes among Foreign Tourists 16 Distinctive Trips 18 Welcome to Chongqing A city of water and mountains, the fashion city Chongqing is the only municipality directly under the Central Government in the central and western areas of China. Numerous mountains and the surging Yangtze River passing through make the beautiful city of Chongqing in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. With 3,000 years of history, Chongqing, whose civilization is prosperous and unique, is a renowned city of history and culture in China. -
Hydroclimatic Variations in Southeastern China During the 4.2 Ka Event Reflected by Stalagmite Records
Clim. Past, 14, 1805–1817, 2018 https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1805-2018 © Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Hydroclimatic variations in southeastern China during the 4.2 ka event reflected by stalagmite records Haiwei Zhang1,2, Hai Cheng1,3, Yanjun Cai2,1,6, Christoph Spötl4, Gayatri Kathayat1, Ashish Sinha5, R. Lawrence Edwards3, and Liangcheng Tan2,1,6 1Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China 2Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Xi’an 710061, China 3Department of Earth Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA 4Institute of Geology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria 5Department of Earth Science, California State University Dominguez Hills, Carson, California 90747, USA 6Open Studio for Oceanic-Continental Climate and Environment Changes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266061, China Correspondence: Haiwei Zhang ([email protected]) Received: 24 August 2018 – Discussion started: 30 August 2018 Accepted: 7 November 2018 – Published: 27 November 2018 Abstract. Although the collapses of several Neolithic cul- 1 Introduction tures in China are considered to have been associated with abrupt climate change during the 4.2 ka BP event (4.2– The 4.2 ka BP event was a pronounced climate event in the 3.9 ka BP), the timing and nature of this event and the spa- Holocene that has been widely studied in the past 20 years. tial distribution of precipitation between northern and south- It was identified as an abrupt (mega)drought and/or cooling ern China are still controversial. -
Mekong Delta
ASIA INSPIRATIONS TAILOR-MADE TRAVEL CHINA TIBET HONG KONG VIETNAM CAMBODIA LAOS BURMA THAILAND MALAYSIA BORNEO INDIA SRI LANKA NEPAL BHUTAN JAPAN SOUTH KOREA TAIWAN MONGOLIA Welcome to ASIA Inspirations Tailor-made travel by Wendy Wu Tours 2 For more information visit AsiaInspirations.co.uk “When I first started taking travellers to Asia over 15 years ago, it was to share my passion for the region. Not just to visit the continent but to really discover and understand it. Now you can add an extra dimension to your travel experience with ASIA Inspirations, the tailor-made service that creates the perfect holiday for you.” Wendy Wu Personal, Flexible and Individual ASIA Inspirations takes a very personal approach to ensure that we fully understand your travel requirements. Our itineraries are flexible, allowing us to design a bespoke holiday that is unique and individual. We want to make sure that your experience is the ideal one for you. Experts in Asia I grew up in China and have travelled extensively throughout Asia. All our staff members are experts in the region and have visited on many occasions. You can speak with us in the knowledge that we have a deep understanding of Asia based on first-hand experience. Service you can Trust With 15 years of experience, numerous travel awards and many delighted customers you can trust ASIA Inspirations to deliver the service you expect. And with ATOL protection and membership of ABTA and IATA you know your holiday with us is secure. Call 0844 8566 811 or visit your preferred travel agent 3 ULAANBAATARULAANBAATAR -
South China Karst, China
SOUTH CHINA KARST CHINA These three remarkable landscapes are spectacular representatives of forested humid tropical to subtropical karst. They show an exceptional variety of karstic forms and the evidence of their complex evolution, some being world reference types for these landforms. Visually, especially in the Shilin stone forests, the effects are astonishing for their fantastic and bizarre picturesqueness. COUNTRY China NAME South China Karst NATURAL WORLD HERITAGE SERIAL SITE 2007: Inscribed on the World Heritage List under Natural Criteria vii and viii. STATEMENT OF OUTSTANDING UNIVERSAL VALUE The UNESCO World Heritage Committee issued the following statement at the time of inscription. South China is unrivalled for the diversity of its karst features and landscapes. The property includes specifically selected areas that are of outstanding universal value to protect and present the best examples of these karst features and landscapes. South China Karst is a coherent serial property comprising three clusters, Libo Karst and Shilin Karst, each with two components, and Wulong Karst with three components. Criterion (vii): South China Karst represents one of the world's most spectacular examples of humid tropical to subtropical karst landscapes. The stone forests of Shilin are considered superlative natural phenomena and the world reference site for this type of feature. The cluster includes the Naigu stone forest occurring on dolomitic limestone and the Suyishan stone forest arising from a lake. Shilin contains a wider range of pinnacle shapes than other karst landscapes with pinnacles, and a higher diversity of shapes and colours that change with different weather and light conditions. The cone and tower karsts of Libo, also considered the world reference site for these types of karsts, form a distinctive and beautiful landscape. -
Constraining the Soil Carbon Source to Cave-Air
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2019-66 Manuscript under review for journal Biogeosciences Discussion started: 12 March 2019 c Author(s) 2019. CC BY 4.0 License. Constraining the soil carbon source to cave-air CO2: evidence from the high-time resolution monitoring soil CO2, cave-air CO2 and its δ13C in Xueyudong, Southwest China Min Cao, Yongjun Jiang*, Jiaqi Lei, Qiufang He, Jiaxin Fan, Ze Zeng 5 Chongqing Key Laboratory of Karst Environment & School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China Correspondence to: Yongjun Jiang ([email protected]), +86 023-68253446 Abstract. Cave CO2 plays an important role in carbon cycle in a karst system, which also largely influences the formation of speleothems in caves. The partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) of the cave air and cave water (cave stream and drip water) in Xueyu 10 Cave was monitored from 2015 to 2016. The pCO2 for cave air and stream over two years showed very similar variations in seasonal patterns, with fluctuated high CO2 concentrations in the wet season and steady low CO2 concentrations in the dry season. Soil CO2 which is largely controlled by soil temperature and soil water content as well as stream degassing are main 13 13 origins for the Xueyu cave air pCO2. The average values of δ Csoil, δ CDIC in June were -23.9‰ and -13.4‰, respectively; 13 13 13 13 δ CCO2 of atmospheric air was -10.0‰ and δ CCO2 of cave air was -23.3‰. The average values of δ Csoil, δ CDIC in November 13 13 15 were -18.0‰ and -12.2‰, respectively; δ CCO2 of atmospheric air was -9.6‰ and δ CCO2 of cave air was -18.8‰. -
The 4.2 Ka Event in East Asian Monsoon Region, Precisely
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2021-20 Preprint. Discussion started: 15 March 2021 c Author(s) 2021. CC BY 4.0 License. 1 The 4.2 ka event in East Asian monsoon region, precisely 2 reconstructed by multi-proxies of stalagmite 3 Chao-Jun Chen a, b, c★, Dao-Xian Yuan b, d, Jun-Yun Li b *, Xian-Feng Wang c, Hai 4 Cheng e, You-Feng Ning e, R. Lawrence Edwards f, Yao Wu b, Si-Ya Xiao b, Yu-Zhen 5 Xu b, Yang-Yang Huang b, Hai-Ying Qiu b, Jian Zhang g, Ming-Qiang Liang h, Ting- 6 Yong Li a ★ * 7 a Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Geographical Processes & Environmental Changes, Faculty 8 of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China 9 b Chongqing Key Laboratory of Karst Environment, School of Geographical Sciences; Southwest 10 University, Chongqing 400715, China 11 c Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 12 d Karst Dynamic Laboratory, Ministry of Land and Resources, Guilin 541004, China 13 e Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China 14 f Department of Earth Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. 15 g Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), UMR CNRS, 5805, 16 Université de Bordeaux, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France 17 h Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, China 18 19 20 ★ These authors contributed equally to this work 21 * Corresponding authors: Ting-Yong Li and Jun-Yun Li 22 E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] 23 1 https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2021-20 Preprint. -
Discovering China 2016 Diary 4
Discovering China Diary — 2016 Xian to Kunming 1 Discovering China 2016 Diary — Xian to Kunming Journal by John Sinclair • Over 18 days 14 Australians visited 9 World Heritage sites 5 natural, 3 cultural and 1mixed site. Cultural Sites: Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor (1987) Mount Qingcheng and the Dujiangyan Irrigation System (2000), Old Town of Lijiang (1997) Natural Sites: Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area (1992), Huanglong Scenic and Historic Interest Area (1992), Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries (2006), South China Karst (2007), Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas (2003), Mixed Sites: Mount Emei Scenic Area, including Leshan Giant Buddha Scenic Area (1996) • Travelled over 5,500 kms from Xian to Kunming by bus, train, 3 flights and many cars through western China always at least 1500 kilometre from the sea and near Tibetan plateau. • Stayed in 12 places over 18 nights staying in hotels, homes and guesthouses in Xian (2) Jaizhaigou (2) Jaoping (2) Qingching (1) Chendu (1) Wulong (2) Lijiang (2) Baoshan (1) Baihualing (2) Tengchong (1) Kunming (1). Every accommodation had free wifi access. • Crossed the path of the Red Army’s Long March 80 years after this epic trek followed and similarly the Tea and Horse Trail (the Southern Silk Route) through Yunnan Province for a week Discovering China Diary — 2016 Xian to Kunming 2 Prior to the beginning of this diary six of our Day 1 Australian group had arrived in China a few days Wednesday 12th October earlier to visit three World Heritage sites not on our itinerary. This small add-on was also coordinated by Xian and Terracotta Warriors the Natural Focus team led by Poo , facilitated by Ing Our proposed setting off at 8.30 am didn’t eventuate.