Elementary School NATIONAL PORTRAIT GALLERY, WASHINGTON, DC ELEMENTARY SCHOOL EDITION VOLUME 4, NO. 5, WINTER 2003
Teacher’s Edition Fellow educators: The Patriot Papers was
the developed as a vehicle for enrichment in the george washington PATRIOT n.PatrıotPapers [Fr patriote < LL. patriota, fellow countryman < Gr patriotes < patris, fatherland
Related national standards in language arts
Reading for perspective About the Artist Making Connections Reading for understanding Applying knowledge Gilbert Stuart was born on December 3, 1755, in Imagine you are an actor who portrays a historical fig- Evaluating data Saunderstown, Rhode Island. He began to study paint- ure. Who would you be? How could you talk, dress, and Developing research skills ing in his early teenage years, while traveling around behave to be like this person? Create this character. Developing writing skills Europe. After painting the Lansdowne portrait, Stuart painted Presidents Adams, Jefferson, Madison, and Monroe. His most famous portrait of Washington is recognizable today on the one-dollar bill and on post- age stamps. Writing to Learn Students spend numerous hours learning to write, page 2 a blast from the past the patriot pape rs and we usually depend on the English teachers to instruct them. We forget that students can also write to learn. The very act of thinking an General Washington Rallies Washington Unanimous Pick Whiskey Rebellion Shakes Western Pennsylvania idea through in order to put it on paper leads to Tro ops at Valley Forge for President at Convention! PHILADELPHIA, 1794 —Wester n Pennsyl- clarification of that idea. And as students write, VALLEY FORGE, 1777-1778—General Wash- NEW YORK, 1789 (AP)—After months of debate ington struggles to keep his tro ops alive and well in to establish our new American government, the vanians have started a violent opp osition to gov- more ideas emerge, questions find answers, and Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, this winter. Inadequate first official ele c tion was held on February 4 , 1789. ernment taxes. They are launching the first major confusion finds clarity as words take shape and shipments of fo o d, clo thing, and supplies have left George Washington re ceived all 69 ele c toral vo tes! civil disturbance of President Washington’s term the regiments in shambles. Po or hygiene and seri- Washington , who will be inaugurated on April 30 in office. Last week, U.S . Marshal David L enox form. We need not always know the ending or the ous disease threaten the lives of all the soldiers of this year, accepted the presidency, even though was trying to c ollect taxes on locally distilled answer when we begin to write. The journey will camped there. General Washington has ask ed he wished to return to his estate at Mount Vernon liquor in Westmoreland County. Military ac tion often reveal it. for mor e supplies, but has not been successful. and retire. “I was summoned by my country,” said will be taken , much to the regret of the President: While General Washington struggles alongside Washington. He and his wife Martha will so on The army is being organized from o ther northern The activities suggested in Writing to Learn his men , his p olitical enemies threaten to remove move to the country’s capital, New York City. states and they will advanc e into Pennsylvania are intended for student exploration, to let his p ower. Some c ritics feel that o thers are better shortly. suited to lead the Continental army. students meander through inspirations, argu- ments, and ideas until they make meaning of Washington Graciously Delays Retirement for a Second Term E F their own. Initially, don’t worry too much about Martha Washington would you form, structure, spelling, and grammar; it’s only PHILADELPHIA, 1793 (AP)—President Ge orge sign a Buries Fourth Child Washington has won his se cond ele c tion to the a work in progress. Ideas are best generated YORKTOWN, 1781—After losing two children in presidency of the United S tates! The inauguration loyalty oath? infancy and her daughter Patsy to epilepsy, Martha will take place on March 4 in Philadelphia, the new when words flow quickly. The mind can race far During the Revolutionary War, the British would Washington lost her last child to camp fever. John capital of the United S tates. However, Washington faster than the pen. Let it race and catch those hav e r equir ed you to sign an oath similar to this: Parke Custis, known as Jacky to family and friends, is doubtful ab out being the President again. He ideas on the fly. passed away on November 5 at Yorktown. This wro te to his friend Henry L ee that he accepted the “I voluntarily take this OATH to bear Faith happened just s evente en days after the surren - presidency only “after a long and painful conflic t and true Allegiance to HisMAJESTY KING ” der of Britain’s General Cornwallis. Jacky leaves in my own breast. He really wanted to return to George the Third; — and defend to the utmost behind a wife and four children. General and Mrs. Mount Vernon and retire. The next four years of my Power, His sacr ed Person, Crown, and Create an Old-Fashioned Advertisement Washington will raise the younger two children , could be difficult. There are arguments over the Gov ernment, against all Persons whatsoev er.” Ask students to create advertisements of their Eleanor “Nelly” Custis and George Washington interpretation of the Constitution . Secretary of Parke Custis, at Mount Vernon, their home in the Treasury Alexander Hamilton and Se c retary own using our authentic 18th-century adver- Would you hav e signed? H ow many colonists do Virginia. of State Thomas Jefferson strongly disagre e. you think wer e loyal to the British crown? tisements as models. President Washington fears this will divide the country.
• Advertise an unusual product Where’s George? At the City Ordinary, on Wedne sday Mr. Finnie • Publicize an upcoming event M H K F H A M I L T O N T N Y the 28th of this month: resp e c tfully informs O H T X E L G H I S S R Q O T • Place a “Help Wanted” advertisement Su ch G entlemen the gentlemen U K E E S D C E M U A A P S I & L adies a re amateurs of Fencing, N P S M E I E A O U M L G R L respectfully invited The Patriot Papers serves students of all ages. It is published that he Prop oses T R C A Q T D R T R A W C E I quarterly by the National P ortrait Gallery, Smithsonian to a ttend this Institution, P. O. Box 37 012 , Washington, D.C. 2o0 1 3-70 1 2 op ening a V E L R E A E S A N G Q G F V delightful spectacle. editor-in-chief: Felice A. Pulles editorial staff: Tia Powell Harris, To th e amazement E T L T N N T S S L B E I F I assistant editor: Vicki Fama, Terilee Edwards-Hewitt, Emily of all, th e R C N H B R J D L C I Q S E C Hana Field McDonough, Whitney Pickens, FENCING N Q O A E W O A U A Y S R J F review editor: Dru Dowdy Emily van Agtmael editorial consultants: guest columnist: J. K. Pulles LEARNED ACADEMY Making Connections O J I B R W B H B F F P T M O Lisa Mullins Bishop, Kate Finch, design: Studio A, Alexandria, VA, N H L K N N F R S Q Y N I S S Shirlee Lampkin and L ondon Graphics, PIG on the 5th of the pudding papers: Washington, DC L I P E N N S Y L V A N I A E February on River Margaret Christman Find the dates to these main events. Many are in G Y S H T A O Y T L A Y O L L S treet, the se cond The opinions expressed inThe Patriot Papers are not necessarily those M V F H Z C G R J N Q W Z G U of the Smithsonian Institution or the National Portrait Gallery. do or from King the newspaper. Construct a simple timeline that counts, adds, & X C T Y C V T Q H V G U Y L R Teaching materials to accompany the exhibition “George S treet, where that puts these major events in chronological order. Wa s h i n g t o n : A N a t i o n a l Tr e a s u r e ” a r e a v a i l a b l e t o e d u c a t o r s a t subtracts numbers no cost by visiting www.georgewashington.si.edu or by calling & even noble art will Use images, drawings, or symbols to represent False teeth Jefferson Mount Vernon 1-866-NPG-KITS . identifies colors. be taught every each event. Federalists John Adams Pennsylvania © 2003 Smithsonian Institution. All rights reserved. Tuesday, Thursday, George Lansdowne Rules of Civility The D o ors will be op en Smithsonian at Six o’Clo ck. and S aturday. Gilb ert Stuart Loyalty oath National Portrait Gallery Hamilton Martha ______Boston: Boston Tea Party ______France: Bastille stormed, French Revolution begins
______Thomas Jefferson writes the Declaration of Independence Word find key ______American Revolution ends ______Washington becomes first President M H K F H A M I L T O N T N Y O H T X E L G H I S S R Q O T ______Gilbert Stuart paints Washington’s U K E E S D C E M U A A P S I portrait N P S M E I E A O U M L G R L T R C A Q T D R T R A W C E I ______President and Mrs. Washington move V E L R E A E S A N G Q G F V into residence on High Street in E T L T N N T S S L B E I F I Philadelphia R C N H B R J D L C I Q S E C N Q O A E W O A U A Y S R J F O J I B R W B H B F F P T M O N H L K N N F R S Q Y N I S S L I P E N N S Y L V A N I A E G Y S H T A O Y T L A Y O L L M V F H Z C G R J N Q W Z G U X C T Y C V T Q H V G U Y L R Making Connections
George’s Genealogy the patriot papers page 3 not our finest hour George Washington’s family can be traced back all the way to the mid-1500s. Although November 1796 George and Martha never had children togeth- Throughout the coming months The Patriot Papers er, there are numerous recorded cousins, and RUNAWAY SLAVE. Mrs. Washington is greatly distressed by the loss of Olney Judge, her Mount Vernon will address the issue of slavery during George servant so skilled in needlework. The girl, we hear, was lured away by a Frenchman who tired of her and left Washington’s time. In view of Washington’s many many people today claim to be related to our her stranded in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. President Washington has sent word that all will be forgiven attributes and accomplishments, it is difficult to first President. How far back can you trace your if she returns to her mistress, but she has refused to come back unless promised her freedom. This puts the acknowledge his role as slave owner. Guest histori- ans will share their perspectives; we invite you to President in an awkward situation. Privately he has said that although he is sympathetic to her demand, setting family? Design a simple family tree. share yours. Hopefully, through dialogue, we will her free would only reward her for running away and would spread discontent among the rest of his servants increase our understanding. (as he calls them), who by being faithful are more deserving of their freedom than the runaway. Above all, — F. A. Pulles, editor the President cautioned that no violent means should be used to bring her back, lest a mob or riot be excited. [email protected] Rather than risk this happening, he would tell Mrs. Washington she must get along without the services of The White House Olney Judge. President John Adams was the first to live in the RUN away from my White House, even though construction was not December 1790 plantation, called Newport News, complete. During the War of 1812, the British on the 17th of January, a very likely FREEDOM TOO GREAT A TEMPTATION. President Washington has brought a handful of ser- set fire to the White House, but it survived. The Negro Fellow named Strawsbury, about vants from Mount Vernon, but he will be faced with the difficulty of complying with the Pennsylvania law thirty Years of Age, has lost one of his fore original stone walls, built two centuries ago, freeing adult slaves who have lived in Pennsylvania for six months in a row. It is believed that the President, Teeth, and had on a Cotton Waistcoat and are still in place today. The White House now therefore, will have to shuttle these servants back and forth and suffer the inconvenience of sometimes Breeches, Plaid Stockings, and Negro being without his cook, Hercules. Asked if he feared his slaves might take advantage of being in the North has 132 rooms, 35 bathrooms, and 6 levels, Shoes. The Negroes upon the Plantation to run away, the President has privately conceded that “the idea of freedom might be too great a temptation saw him go away with two Sailors; he can with 412 doors, 147 windows, 28 fireplaces, 8 for them to resist.” read, and I imagine he will attempt to go staircases, and 3 elevators. Draw a picture of out of the Country on Board a Vessel. I do hereby forewarn all Masters of Vessels the house you would want to live in if you were from carrying him away, as they shall President, or design one special room. George Washington was only 11 years old Approximately 75 percent of the slaves at answer it at their Peril. Whoever brings when he inherited 10 slaves from his father Mount Vernon worked in the fields. Of the said Negro to me, in York County, shall in 1743. these, nearly 65 percent were women. have TEN POUNDS Reward if he is taken in this Colony, and TWENTY By the time he was 22 years old, Washington Washington allowed his slaves to marry, POUNDS if out thereof. owned approximately 36 slaves. At his Extension activities: although such arrangements were not death in 1799, Washington had 316 slaves legally binding at that time. at Mount Vernon, 123 of whom belonged —WILLIAM DIGGES, Junior Playing with Possessions directly to him. The remaining 193 were “dower” slaves—those he acquired through In his will, Washington freed all of the slaves Possessions tell us a lot about a person. his marriage to Martha. he owned. His personal valet, William Lee, Possessions Have each student choose one item to rep- was released with a payment of $30 per year Today, most of us own many more things than we Washington did not buy or sell any slaves for the rest of his life, a considerable sum in resent each member of his or her family really need to live on. When Washington was 11 after the Revolutionary War. those days. years old, his family made an inventory (or list) of (including the student) and assemble these their possessions. Here is what they owned, besides in a backpack or box. Then each student their land: should choose one item that best repre- • 16 pairs of sheets • A looking glass (mirror) sents the entire family. Encourage students December 1790 • 17 pillowcases • One silver-plated to do this exercise with their families. Each PRESIDENTIAL RESIDENCE, • 13 beds soup spoon 190 HIGH STREET, • A couch • 18 small spoons student should be able to tell the class why PHILADELPHIA. • Desks • 7 teaspoons he or she chose the one item that best Additions will be made to accom- • Chairs • A watch represents him or her. (Each student could modate Mrs. Washington and her • A fireplace set • A sword two grandchildren, Nelly, who • Tablecloths • 11 china plates assemble a backpack or box with only his or is about twelve, and George • Napkins • 20 slaves her own items if families prove difficult.) Washington, who is about ten, as How many of these same items are owned by your well as the President’s secretary and family today? Are you surprised to see “slaves” listed numerous servants. as part of the inventory of possessions? If you were Have students take an inventory of their to make an inventory of every item in your home, bedroom. (It might be frightening but could George Washington and His Family by David Edwin, after how long do you think the list would be? How many Edward Savage, stipple engraving, 1798. National be revealing of personality.) Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution items would be unfamiliar to George Washington?
Students can be divided into groups and assigned a specific historical family to rep- resent. The group would first research the family and then discuss issues and debate ideas representative of that family. They can also construct the same family back- pack representing their historical family.
For Discussion and Debate
Have students do further research on slavery. Good websites include Mount Vernon’s site at www.mountvernon.org, the Hubbard House Underground Railroad Museum in Ohio at www.hubbardhouseugrrmuseum.org, or the Decatur House at www.decaturhouse.org. Building Vocabulary
Define the terms “Federalist” and “Republican” page 4 the patriot papers as used in Washington’s time. What did each portraits on parade political party represent? Which parties did Jefferson and Hamilton support? Why? How The Portrait Puzzler: do these terms relate to the Republican and Who am I? Fill in the blank Democratic parties of today?
Although George and I never had children of our own, I bore 4 children and, sadly, buried them all. Vocabulary Words camp fever 1. Typhus: an infection character- I was the secretary of the treasury. I wanted a strong gov- ernment with many businesses and banks. Thomas Jefferson ized by high fever, headache, and dizziness; and I disagreed about many things, and this began to divide the country. a.k.a. camp diarrhea
I felt the colonies should be independent from England, cede vt. 1. To surrender possession of, formally and wrote this in Common Sense. I also felt that “these were the or officially. 2. To yield or grant, as by a treaty. times that try men’s souls.” tippet n. 1. A long, slender boa used like a I helped write the Declaration of Independence, and was involved in politics, especially in Philadelphia. I am most I served as the first Vice President of the United States I was the first to sign the Declaration of Independence, scarf. It was considered a fancy accessory in famous, however, for using a kite to show the nature of elec- and as the second President. I was elected to the presidency and my signature is the largest. tricity and lightning. in 1796. My son later became President in 1825. the 19th century, usually made of swansdown or fur. John Hancock by William Smith, 1775; Abigail Adams by Raphaelle Peale, 1804; John Adams by John Trumbull, c. 1793; Martha Washington by an unidentified I drafted the Declaration of Independence. As President, Aside from being a first lady, I fought for women’s rights, artist, 1800–1825; Thomas Jefferson by Mather Brown, 1786. Gift of Charles I doubled the size of the United States with the Louisiana especially for women to have the same educational opportu- Francis Adams; Benjamin Franklin by Joseph Siffred Duplessis, c. 1785. Gift of the Morris and Gwendolyn Cafritz Foundation; Alexander Hamilton by James Purchase. nities as men. I also strongly opposed slavery. Sharples, c. 1796; Thomas Paine by William Sharp, 1793; All images are details and are from the National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution Making Connections What Did George Really Look Like? You as President eorge Washington towered over most If you compare this portrait to portraits of other Did You Know...? men of the time. Standing about six feet, important people during the same time period, G • Washington came from a blended family, What qualities made George Washington a three inches tall, with long arms and legs, huge you’ll see some very serious faces. Most people did having two older stepbrothers and one hands and feet, and pale blue eyes, Washington not smile for portraits the way we often are told to good President? What kind of person should stepsister? be the President of the United States? Do you attracted notice. When young, his hair was red- “smile” when we have our pictures taken. Portraits dish brown, but it lightened as he aged. were a way to show status and dignity, and to com- • He was actually born February 11, not think you have what it takes to be a future As a young man he was strong and athletic look- municate character. People valued a dignified, for- February 22? England changed its calendar President? Would you want to be President? ing, weighing about 175 pounds. Later in life, he mal manner, especially in their President. when he was a boy, causing his birthdate to weighed closer to 200 pounds. become February 22. Why or why not? Look carefully at the Lansdowne portrait on Portraits of the 18th century captured a personal- • His father died when he was 11 years old? ity on canvas, much as photographs do today. Both page 1. Identify 3 things the portrait tells us about • the artist and the photographer try to show the real President Washington: He often had a bad temper but slowly person through their art. But it is easier for a painter learned to control it? 1.______The Portrait Puzzler answer key to hide flaws or alter unattractive features than a pho- • He loved horseback riding, dancing, and tographer. The Lansdowne portrait is considered 2.______farming? 1. Martha Washington quite realistic, but there are some things the portrait 3.______• He was not always a good student? does NOT show about George Washington: 2. Alexander Hamilton • He did not always get along very well with Compare this portrait with two others of • His face was scarred from smallpox (especially his mother, who was bossy and controlling? 3. Thomas Paine his nose) Washington (you can find them in this paper!). Do you notice any similarities?______• His older half-brother Lawrence was one 4. Benjamin Franklin • He had a strong “Roman” nose ______of the most important people in young 5. Thomas Jefferson •Already in his 60s, GW had wrinkles in his George’s life? skin and a bit of a stomach paunch Any differences?______• He had two stepchildren, but no children of 6. John Adams •He was wearing ill-fitting dentures that may have distorted his face ______his own? 7. Abigail Adams • He wore eyeglasses for reading ______8. John Hancock
Making a Portrait Silhouette
HERE’S WHAT YOU WILL NEED: WHAT TO DO:
• A person to be your model 1. Arrange the chair about 12 inches from the wall. 3. Tape black construction paper onto the wall where • Chair Have your model sit on the chair in front of the the shadow falls. • Light source: adjustable desk lamp wall. He or she must sit sideways, with one ear or even a strong flashlight facing the light and the other facing the wall. 4. Using white chalk or a gel pen, trace the outline of • Tape the head. Don’t rush! This must be done slowly to 2. Position the lamp or flashlight so that it shines get good details. • White chalk or brightly colored gel pen directly on the head. Make sure you can see a • Table sharp outline of the person’s profile on the wall. 5. After you trace, cut out the silhouette and glue it • Colored construction paper TIP: You may have to change the distance between onto a piece of colored construction paper. • Black construction paper the light and the model until the shadow is clear. • Sharp scissors • White glue Lost & Found
the patriot papers page 5 Find the following items in The Patriot Papers. death be not proud Circle each item. Then count the number of times that object appears and list the number in the blank to the left. Some objects appear more than Six Reasons For Greatness once. More than 200 years after his death, we still speak of George Washington’s greatness. Why? What makes a person great? 1. _____ silhouette By age 23, Washington was renowned for his physical courage: he continued 2. _____ pig 1. to fight in one battle despite having four bullets pierce his clothing and two horses shot out from under him. 3. _____ American flag Washington risked his wealth, his reputation, and his life when he agreed to 4. _____ globe 2. lead the fight against the British; had he failed, he would have been hung as a traitor! 5. _____ music
Washington learned to “act like a fox, not like a wolf.” He understood that 6. _____ false teeth 3. to win the war against Britain, he had to outlast his enemy, not win every battle. 7. _____ sword
Washington agreed to become the first President of the United States, when 8. _____ portrait 4. he could easily have been the first king. 9. _____ black boots He was the only President to be elected unanimously, not once 5. but twice! 10. _____ rainbow
He was the only Founding Father to free his slaves when he died, although George Washington in His Last Illness, an etching done in 1800 by an unidentified artist, is an example of the public’s 11. _____ dollar bill fascination with the death of its first American hero. National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution 6. this was not effective until after Martha Washington’s death. 12. _____ inkwell Is there anyone alive today who you think is great and will be remembered by George Washington Dies at 67 history? Defend your choice. 13. _____ medicine bottle after riding outside during very bad weather last thursday and Friday, George Washington got sick on Saturday, December 14, 1799. 14. _____ pocket watch An infection* gave him a sore throat. He also had a fever, and it was hard for 15. _____ dancer Did George Washington him to breathe. The President’s friend Tobias Lear writes that the President grew calm 16. _____ bonnet Stand a Chance? late in the evening and checked his own pulse. Then he died peacefully in his bed. His wife Martha was with him, as well as some servants, doctors, and 17. _____ military uniform to modern people, it is easy to think that medicine in the colonies friends. was unsafe. Many doctors at the time were self-trained. If he had lived today, A large funeral is planned for Wednesday, December 18, including gun 18. _____ star George Washington could have been cured with antibiotics. But in 1799, could salutes and a procession. 19. _____ portrait pendant Washington have gotten better after the treatments he experienced? * Modern medicine concludes that this was epiglottitis, a bacterial infection. During colonial times, no one knew how diseases were spread. One of the 20. _____ pictures of George Washington main theories focused on the need for a total balance of tension and fluids in the body. This delicate balance was essential to both physical and mental health. 21. _____ eagle If there was too much or too little of any one fluid, a person could get sick. The The President with No Teeth! doctors who tried to help George Washington used medical treatments that tried 22. _____ ruffled shirt to balance the fluids. hen George Washington 23. _____ a fencing academy Washington’s doctors bled him several times. They may have thought that Wbecame the first President in taking out extra blood would stop the swelling in Washington’s throat. 1783, he had only one tooth left in his 24. _____ the word “patriot” Unfortunately, they took out a lot of blood. That made it hard for George’s body mouth. As a boy, he had cracked wal- to fight the illness. nut shells with his teeth. As a result, Doctors also made Washington gargle with vinegar, molasses, and butter. many of them fell out before he was These were used to open up his throat. But his throat was too swollen and he had 30! Over the years, Washington wore a lot of trouble swallowing. He almost choked a couple of times too. several sets of false teeth. There is no proof that he ever had wooden teeth. His den- Finally, doctors tried to make him vomit to take out any bad fluids. This can tures were made of many things. They were often made from human teeth, animal cause the body to lose too much water, and that can make someone sicker. teeth, and ivory. They were put together with wire and a spring. This allowed the Even though Washington’s doctors did a lot of things that modern doctors dentures to open and close. Throughout his life, Washington had trouble speak- would not do, they tried very hard to help him. They used medical practices that ing, chewing food, and smiling. The false teeth could be painful. They sometimes were believed to be the most helpful. Washington knew that he was very ill. He made Washington’s cheeks and lips puff out. Fortunately, modern dentistry now died bravely. allows painless smiles for even the greatest of walnut lovers!
Capture It in Words
The unidentified artist of the etching George Write this verse out for the students. Ask them what Washington in His Last Illness captured the nation’s it adds to the work of art. Why would Americans sorrow when he added an inscription and verse shed “a grateful tear”? Then let them choose 2 or 3 beneath the picture. It reads: other pictures from this paper and try writing a title or verse of their own. They could even print out the “G. Washington in his last illness attended by best captions, mount them under photocopies of Docrs Craik and Brown.” their paintings, and display them. Americans behold & shed a grateful tear For a man who has gained your freedom most dear And now is departing into the realms above Where he may ever rest in lasting peace above. Writing to Learn
Take any character from the past and write a page 6 the patriot papers journal entry, a page from a diary, or a letter trippin’ through time from his or her perspective.
Make up your own Rules of Civility for the 21st In Other Words... CROSS-ing the Delaware 5 century—on dating, on dining, on education, on Mistress Goody’s Column of Advice 4 7 politics. on subjects other than politics and war. 1 3 1 respectfully based on THE RULES OF CIVILITY 6 —by marla maiden 2 2 Time Travel 6 6 6 6 6 3
n 1745, in the colo- Take any modern personality, celebrity, or politi- Inial frontier town of Fredericksburg, Virginia, 4 cian and send them back in time to comment 13-year-old George on an event. Washington recorded The Rules of Civility in his workbook, probably Use George Washington and other people men- as a dictation exercise. These “guidelines for tioned in The Patriot Papers as characters for a the respectable gentle- skit. Act out what you think George Washington’s man” would influence him throughout life, mistress goody first inaugural address would have been like. Or guiding him in both social and professional situ- across 3. The violent opposi- 2. In the time of 5. The first name of ations. Translations and variations abound, but all Washington, there were George Washington’s re-create a scene from Valley Forge using the 1. George Washington tion to the liquor tax is stress etiquette, chivalry, and courtesy, often rather two politcal parties, the wife. recorded the Rules of known as the ______elusive concepts in the 21st century. Republicans and the information you know. Imagine what a typical ______when he was Rebellion. ______. 6. The name of George Fortunately, there is one who understands the thirteen years old. dinner would be like for George and Martha, rules well; in fact, she still recommends their use 4. The first President Washington’s home in 3. The man who Virginia. 2. The National of the United States today. Let us recall a character from the past to painted a famous and act this out. How would this be different Portrait Gallery’s assist with our everyday problems. We give you portrait of George 7. In the winter of image of George down from a dinner with your family? Don’t forget to the “Toast of George Town” our own Mistress Washington in 1796. 1777–78, Washington Washington is often Goody, always informed, always respectable, and 1. Washington had to struggled to keep his use dress and language to make the skits more referred to as the wear a false set of these. 4. George Washington troops alive at ______. very, very good. ______portrait. died of this infection. authentic. Mistress Goody, We have assigned seats in my second period geometry class. I am alphabetically challenged in being seated beside the 6 6 6 6 6 Will theReal “class clown.” He makes so much noise that I can’t con- centrate. This class is already difficult for me, but I don’t Mistress Goody, George W. answer key want to be a tattletale. What should I do? My best friend Valerie takes so much time doing her hair Cross-ing the Delaware It is highly inconsiderate for your clownish and deciding on her clothes that we are late for everything. Please Across classmate to encroach on your time to angle with We never see all of a movie or make it to a party on time. angles. Tactfully remind him that his behavior is How can I ask her to speed it up? Stand Up? 1. Civility inappropriate. Do impress on vain Valerie that beauty fades, while Rule 4: In the presence of others, sing not to some friendships can last forever: PHOTOGRAPH BY JACK MANNING, NEW YORK TIMES 2. Lansdowne A ctor William Sommerfield yourself with a humming noise; nor drum with Rule 54: Play not the peacock, looking every- brings George Washington to 3. Whiskey your fingers or feet. where about you to see if you be well decked, if your community for a three-day trip back your shoes fit well, if your stockings sit neatly, and 4. George Washington in time. Mistress Goody, your clothes appear handsomely. At my school, it is the latest trend to wear your jeans and Guess who’s coming to town—direct from Mount tees with holes and frayed seams. Everyone is dressing Mistress Goody, Vernon on the banks of the Potomac? It’s George Down this way, but my mother refuses to allow me. I feel totally I so wanted a fish tank filled with exotic fish that I begged Washington, and you can shake his hand. For three 1. Teeth uncool. my parents for one. They agreed reluctantly to this expen- days he’ll be visiting a museum near you,* waiting Heed your mother’s wise instruction. A trend may sive gift, on the condition that I assume sole responsibility to share his stories and dance the minuet. He looks 2. Federalists triumph for a mere season, but a well-dressed per- for its upkeep. I have realized, however, that I don’t really like George Washington. He has white powdered son will adhere to this simple maxim: like the fish. They are smelly, slimy, and kind of boring. I hair. He’s almost six feet, three inches tall. He 3. Gilbert Stuart walks like George and talks like George. He even Rule 51: Wear not your clothes, foul, ripped don’t like cleaning the tank, and I often forget to feed them. signs his name like George. Come see for yourself! 4. Epiglottitis or dusty, but see to it that they be brushed What do I do? It’s time to take a walk with Washington. once every day at least, and take heed that you You must bear the burden of these living posses- 5. Martha approach not to any uncleanness. sions, or have the courage to admit that you need *Parents, check your local museum for dates and 6. Mount Vernon help. This brings to mind some very sage advice: details. Rule 82: Undertake not what you cannot perform. 7. Valley Forge 6 6 6 6 6 Be careful to keep your promises.
Make Your Own Portrait WHAT TO DO: QUIZ: On which paper bill can you see President • Put a quarter on a sheet of thin newsprint or Washington’s face? of George tracing paper.
WHAT YOU WILL NEED: • Hold the coin steady as you rub over it with the • Thin newsprint or tracing paper side of a crayon. TIP: If you find that the coin • A new quarter (or one that is not worn down) slips, you can put a circle of tape on the bottom • Peeled crayon of the coin to hold it to the desk.
• As you rub the crayon over the coin, you will begin to see the head of President Washington appear! More Bad Poetry the patriot papers the pudding papers page 7 During the 1770s “Poet’s Corners” appeared in newspapers throughout America. Anonymous poems, songs, and satires commented on e interrupt this edition of The Patriot Papers news to bring you the nearly news—a poet’s corner… issues of the day. Americans also produced a Wcollection of intimate historical glimpses into the past, captured in not-so-living color some very bad poetry great number of political broadsides—sheets of in The Pudding Papers. The complete episodic adventures can be viewed at your leisure at www.georgewashington.si.edu. Our on-the-scene trusted correspondents include: Silas paper covered with anonymous poems, songs, Silvertongue, our presidential reporter; Titus Blunt, our congressional correspondent; and our and essays—that could be tacked up around the GEORGE own Prudence Pudding, who provides social notes from all over. (We leave it for you to city, left on doorsteps, or even read to groups decide, dear reader, whether she is an upstart hussy or a man in disguise.) In the spirit of the There was a young General freedom of the press guaranteed by our new Bill of Rights, we intend to act as a watchful eye on street corners. Have your students try their and a listening ear, sometimes bringing a plate of gossip, but never a dish of scandal. named George hand at creating broadsides, writing political or Who led troops in the Valley at Forge social poetry, or drawing political cartoons. Here *Editor’s note—We apologize in advance for any improprieties, insults, or slanderous remarks on the part of our His horse was a dolly correspondents. They are, at times ill-mannered, sometimes indiscreet, and, at all times, want of wit. is a sample to get them started. Who took bullets so jolly And now he has a horse no more. Social Notes firewood for the poor during the coming winter. Mr. Ricketts, demonstrating his agility by drink- REVOLUTIONARY TEA from ing a glass of wine while on horseback, raised his REVOLUTIONARY MOMENTS glass to the health of “The Man of the People.” All Over... This produced an immediate clap of applause Colonists took action and dumped the tea There was an old lady lived over the sea and a loud hurrah from every part of the Circus. They stood strong and would not flea And she was an island queen. Mr. Ricketts has expressed his agreement with Some fought at Lexington, some at Concord* those who call General Washington the finest Her daughter lived off in a new country Patience Wright by an unidentified This threat to the British could not be ignored. artist, etching, 1775. National Portrait horseman of the age, saying “I delight to see the Gallery, Smithsonian Institution general ride, and make it a point to fall in with With an ocean of water between.
him when I hear that he is abroad on horseback; *Bostonians pronounce Concord — [kahn • k de ]. April 23, 1789 his seat is so firm, his management so easy and You’re right, that’s hard to rhyme! The old lady’s pockets were full of gold graceful, that I who am a professor of horseman- HE COMES! HE COMES! George But never contented was she, Washington, President-elect of the United ship, would go to him and learn to ride.” States, has just set foot on the New York shore So she called on her daughter to pay her a tax 8 We take no responsibility for the quality of after an eight-day triumphal journey from the work herein. GOOD POETRY SOUGHT. Mount Vernon. The excitement here is unbeliev- June 1791 Submit to [email protected] Of three pence a pound on her tea, able. Thousands line the streets—all you can see THE PRESIDENT ON TOUR. When he are heads standing as thick as ears of corn before Of three pence a pound on her tea. entered upon the duties of his office, George the harvest. Ladies are crowded in every window, Washington decided he would visit all parts of anxious for a glimpse of the illustrious man. “I fourth of a dollar, if only the United States to please the citizens and to see have seen him!” we heard one young lady call out, to see the huge American how they felt about the new government. Silas “Now, mother, dear mother,” the daughter replied, “and though I had been entirely ignorant that he buffalo. Peale’s rooms are Silvertongue, who is with the President’s party, was arrived in the city, I should have known at a filled with monsters of “I shan’t do the thing you ax. reports that they are nearing the end of their two- glance that it was General Washington: I never the earth and sea, a rich month journey of 1,887 miles, Towns have been saw a human being that looked so great and array of birds, and a great I’m willing to pay a fair price for the tea, in a bustle of preparation, and at every stop the noble as he does. I could fall down on my knees collection of the bones, citizens have come out to meet him with address- before him.” Washington, it can well be believed, jaws, and teeth of tigers, But never the three penny tax.” es of welcome. Ladies, some rouged up to the is more popular than the new government he is to sharks, and many other ears, have bedecked themselves with sashes and “You shall,” quoth the mother, and head. fearful animals. In one Charles Willson Peale, self-portrait, headbands painted with images of the President oil on canvas, circa 1791. National room are rattle, black, Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian reddened with rage, and patriotic slogans. The festivities include the Institution and spotted snakes, con- ringing of bells, bands of music, cannon salutes, fined in cases enclosed “For you’re my own daughter, you see, and some very bad poetry. (See poetry box, upper with wire and glass. She was astonished to see Mr. Philadelphia, July 13, 1793 right.) Peale take out a black snake about four or five feet And sure ’tis quite proper a daughter should pay RICKETTS’S AMPHITHEATRE. Word that the long, which he permitted to touch his cheek and Her mother a tax on her tea, President and his family were to attend a per- twine itself around his neck. In the yard and stable formance of Mr. John Bill Ricketts’s dangerous were eagles, owls, baboons, monkeys, and a six- Her mother a tax on her tea.” feats on horseback brought a large crowd this Philadelphia, September 1796 footed cow. Mr. Peale is also a painter, and there evening to what is called the Circus. The acro- A visit to Mr. Peale’s museum, Prudence Pudding can be seen in his museum more than a hundred batic performance was held to raise money to buy tells us, is well worth the admission fee of one portraits of the more noteworthy personages of our country, including our illustrious Washington. Extension Activities
Design clothing for a historical character or for a historical novel or play. Making Connections Research Peale’s Museum and give a Maxims report on some of the odd animals that Benjamin Franklin is well known for writing or rewrit- • Great talkers, little doers. were included. ing common-sense advice and perspectives on his • No gains without pains. life and times, as found in Poor Richard’s Almanac, Draw pictures that illustrate some of those • To err is human, to repent divine; to persist, which was popular in his day and remains popular. devilish. peculiar animals in the museum. Students enjoy deciphering the Franklin proverbs. • He has lost his boots but saved his spurs. Initiate a class discussion around some or all of the Research Ricketts’s Amphitheatre or the following: • He that falls in love with himself, will have history of the circus and report back to the no rivals. class. • Early to bed and early to rise makes a man • He that lies down with dogs shall rise up healthy, wealthy, and wise. with fleas. • Never leave till tomorrow that which you can do today. Writing to Learn
THE PATRIOT PAPERS HONORING COMMUNITY SERVICE PAGE 8 Make Your Voice Heard Editor’s Choice: If you could have a conversation with George Red Land High Proves “That’s What Friends Are For” Portland Pledges: Washington, what would it be like? Compose a letter to Washington sharing your thoughts Students Raise $6,500 in One Week for Billy Spong “We Can Always Learn about the state of America during his presiden- When did you last say Forward” and help out. They from Kids” cy. Do you agree with the decisions he makes? thank-you to a teacher? The mounted a huge talent show. students at Red Land High Everyone turned out to help. At Portland Lutheran School in Portland, What would you suggest he do differently? Next, School in Pennsylvania Forty-two acts were audi- Oregon, the students are taking “Pledging It compose a similar letter addressed to our cur- found a wonderful way to tioned, 25 acts were chosen, Forward” seriously. “We started a new cam- rent President. Send this one! say “thank-you, we care” and tickets went on sale. In paign based on the idea of paying forward to a favorite teacher with a just one week, the 1,000 seats kindness and building community,” said very special son. Teacher Bill were sold out. The show Or . . . pair up with a friend and write a dialogue teacher Desi Pritchard. The students did Spong and his wife Denise included singing, dancing, everything. They delivered meals on wheels, between Washington and one of his contempo- have a little boy named skits, and even karate! The donated food and blankets to animal shelters, raries where you discuss the issues of the day. Billy who has a rare form of Kerney sisters performed a and visited retirement homes. The third grad- cerebral palsy called chorea. mime and won $500. But the ers helped by collecting and sorting the recy- Or . . . play today’s TV correspondent and It prevents Billy from crawl- real winner that night was cling. The older students started a “homework ing, walking, and talking. But probably Billy. In just one club” and helped the younger kids. They even conduct a live interview with Washington. What Billy’s doctors found a new week, the students raised taught them how to play chess! “The younger does he think of America in 2003 and the cur- treatment that helps—it’s a special suit that helps $6,500. They gave it to Billy and his family bunch can’t wait to come back and return the Billy move his muscles. Unfortunately, the suit is while the audience and students sang “That’s rent state of affairs? favor to another group,” said Pritchard. “We expensive to use, and it’s only used in Detroit, What Friends Are For.” Some of the money will can always learn from kids.” Michigan. Billy has worn the suit twice, and it’s buy Billy a special walker. The rest will help buy What are you doing to help your school? helping. Now he can sit up and crawl, and he Billy an electric wheelchair. For Bill and Denise Write and tell us. Start today! is trying to stand. But each trip to Detroit costs Spong, it was a moment they’ll never forget. And Pledge It Forward—Self to Service close to $10,000. Billy is just wondering how fast he’ll be able to Kids Surprise Seniors Divide students into groups and let them The students found a way to “Pledge It race in an electric wheelchair. brainstorm about possible service projects Students from George Elementary School paid the residents of Quincy Convalescent Center in they could undertake. Quincy, Washington, a visit in April. Glenda King’s second- and third-graders had spent one Have your students write political poems on day the previous week making spring cards and baking cookies. Students introduced themselves “America 2003” and submit them to Patriot to the residents and presented each with a card. [email protected]. They also gave cookies to the residents who Billy‘s buddies help “Pledge It Forward” through flight, fantasy, and fun were able to have them. One resident requested a song, and the kids sang a rousing version of “God Bless America.” The residents loved the handshakes and conversations, and the students Tile game key Gardening and English: Side by Side left with many requests to visit again. George Washington — A MAN OF SERVICE; Mrs. Washington’s The kids at College Place side. The project has expanded runaway who stayed away! — OLNEY JUDGE; Mistress Goody Pledge It Forward— Middle School in Lynnwood, and now has Master Gardeners. Quotes…THE RULES OF CIVILITY; Faith Proctor — ON A Washington, are learning And there are units for science, Self to Service FASHION FRENZY!; Patriot n. — FELLOW COUNTRYMAN English while they plant gar- mapmaking, and math. “When dens. They are students in the I plant the flower, I feel great,” A Challenge from The Patriot Papers English as a Second Language said one young African boy. —F. A. Pulles, Editor-in-chief (ESL) class. When the project He is improving his English The Portrait Gallery’s Office of Education started, the kids paid for the right along with his gardening would like to recognize those who continue flowers themselves. But when skills. “This project has become to care about community. We challenge you they wanted to plant a sec- a focus of community spirit and to Pledge It Forward—pledge time to your Wanted: ond garden, teacher Merilee school pride,” said Bengtsson. schools, youth organizations, senior centers. Bengtsson went to the parents “We hope the lessons teach kids We’ll feature your stories and photos on our Original art, “bad poetry,” stories of for help. The Parent Club to make gardens both beautiful website at www.georgewashington.si.edu. donated funds, and now stu- and environmentally kind.” community service, pictures, or photos. Projects of particular merit will be published in
dents and parents plant side by Merilee Bengtsson Rita Kandybina from Russia, José Beltran The Patriot Papers. Get creative; get busy. And from Mexico, and Salavdor Peña Torres together, we can build a community of caring. Feature your class on our website—send plant a clematis in the Peace Garden at their school. Write to us at [email protected]. information to [email protected]!
Tile Game Mistress Goody Quotes… ILIT Y. THE RULE CIV S OF Unscramble the tiles to reveal a message.
George Washington Faith Proctor AN A M OF VIC E. SER ON A NZY! FRE HION FAS
Mrs. Washington’s runaway who stayed away! patriot n. GE OL JUD NEY CO UNT FEL AN RY M LOW