Elementary School NATIONAL PORTRAIT GALLERY, WASHINGTON, DC ELEMENTARY EDITION VOLUME I, NO.I, SPRING 2002 ’ ★ Teacher s Edition
Fellow educators: The Patriot Papers was
george washington the developed as a vehicle for enrichment in the a national treasure PATRIOT n. PatrıotPapers[Fr patriote < LL. patriota, fellow countryman < Gr patriotes < patris, fatherland
PHOTOGRAPHS BY EMILY MCDONOUGH PHOTOGRAPHS BY EMILY and publication. Pledge It Forward and enjoy Panels from the Wall of Expression in Washington, D.C. See story, page 8. just a myth? Did he really have wooden teeth? You’ll have a chance to ask him soon. You can learn to dance the minuet or attend a real live press conference the journey. Nothing but harmony, honesty, with the 1st President. He looks like George Washington. He has white pow- A dered hair. He’s almost 6’3” tall. He walks like George and talks like George. PHOTOGRAPH BY JACK MANNING, NEW YORK TIMES industry, and frugality are necessary He even signs his name like George. Come see for yourself! Bring your fami- Actor William Sommerfield brings
George Washington to your com-
ly, bring your friends—it’s time to take a walk with Washington. munity for a 3-day trip back in time. —Felice Pulles, editor-in-chief to make us a great and happy people. A — george washington, 1789 * Parents, check your local museum for program dates and details. Don’t miss this trip back in time.
“George Washington: A National Treasure” is organized by the National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution, and made possible through the generosity of the Donald W. Reynolds Foundation.
Related national standards in historical thinking
● Chronological thinking Making Connections About the Artist ● Historical comprehension ● Historical analysis and interpretation Imagine you are an actor who portrays a historical fig- Gilbert Stuart was born on December 3, 1755, in ● Historical research ure. Who would you be? How could you talk, dress, and Saunderstown, Rhode Island. He began to study paint- behave to be like this person? Create this character. ing in his early teenage years, while traveling around Related national standards Europe. After painting the Lansdowne portrait, Stuart in language arts painted Presidents Adams, Jefferson, Madison, and ● Reading for perspective Monroe. His most famous portrait of Washington is ● Reading for understanding recognizable today on the one-dollar bill and on ● Applying knowledge postage stamps. ● Evaluating data ● Developing research skills ● Developing writing skills Writing to Learn
Students spend numerous hours learning to page 2 the patriot papers write, and we usually depend on the English a blast from the past teachers to instruct them. We forget that stu- dents can also write to learn. The very act of thinking an idea through in order to put it on General Washington Rallies Washington Unanimous Pick Whiskey Rebellion Shakes Western Pennsylvania paper leads to clarification of that idea. And as Troops at Valley Forge for President at Convention! PHILADELPHIA, 1794 —Western Pennsyl- students write, more ideas emerge, questions VALLEY FORGE, 1777-1778—General NEW YORK, 1789 (AP)—After months of debate Washington struggles to keep his troops alive and to establish our new American government, the vanians have started a violent opposition to govern- find answers, and confusion finds clarity as words well in Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, this winter. first official election was held on February 4, 1789. ment taxes. They are launching the first major civil take shape and form. We need not always know Inadequate shipments of food, clothing, and sup- George Washington received all 69 electoral votes! disturbance of President Washington’s term in plies have left the regiments in shambles. Poor Washington, who will be inaugurated on April 30 office. Last week, U.S. Marshal David Lenox was the ending or the answer when we begin to write. hygiene and serious disease threaten the lives of all of this year, accepted the presidency, even though he trying to collect taxes on locally distilled liquor in The journey will often reveal it. the soldiers camped there. General Washington wished to return to his estate at Mount Vernon and Westmoreland County. Military action will be taken, much to the regret of the President: The The activities suggested in Writing to Learn has asked for more supplies, but has not been retire. “I was summoned by my country,” said successful. While General Washington struggles Washington. He and his wife Martha will soon army is being organized from other northern states are intended for student exploration, to let stu- alongside his men, his political enemies threaten to move to the country’s capital, New York City. and they will advance into Pennsylvania shortly. dents meander through inspirations, arguments, remove his power. Some critics feel that others are better suited to lead the Continental army. and ideas until they make meaning of their own. Initially, don’t worry too much about form, struc- Washington Graciously Delays Retirement for a Second Term EFwould you ture, spelling, and grammar; it’s only a work in Martha Washington sign a progress. Ideas are best generated when words PHILADELPHIA, 1793 (AP)—President Buries Fourth Child George Washington has won his second election to loyalty oath? flow quickly. The mind can race far faster than the YORKTOWN, 1781—After losing two children in the presidency of the United States! The inaugura- infancy and her daughter Patsy to epilepsy, Martha tion will take place on March 4 in Philadelphia, the pen. Let it race and catch those ideas on the fly. During the Revolutionary War, the British would new capital of the United States. However, Washington lost her last child to camp fever. John have required you to sign an oath similar to this: Parke Custis, known as Jacky to family and friends, Washington is doubtful about being the President passed away on November 5 at Yorktown. This again. He wrote to his friend Henry Lee that he “I voluntarily take this OATH to bear Faith Create an Old-Fashioned Advertisement happened just seventeen days after the surrender of accepted the presidency only “after a long and and true Allegiance to His MAJESTY KING painful conflict in my own breast.” He really want- Britain’s General Cornwallis. Jacky leaves behind a George the Third; — and defend to the utmost of Ask students to create advertisements of their wife and four children. General and Mrs. ed to return to Mount Vernon and retire. The next my Power, His sacred Person, Crown, and own using our authentic 18th-century adver- Washington will raise the younger two children, four years could be difficult. There are arguments Government, against all Persons whatsoever.” Eleanor “Nelly” Custis and George Washington over the interpretation of the Constitution. tisements as models. Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton and Parke Custis, at Mount Vernon, their home in Would you have signed? How many colonists do Virginia. Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson strongly dis- you think were loyal to the British crown? • Advertise an unusual product agree. President Washington fears this will divide the country. • Publicize an upcoming event At the City Ordinary, • Place a “Help Wanted” advertisement Where’s George? on Wednesday Mr. Finnie the 28th of this month: MHKFHAM I LTONTN Y respectfully informs OHTXELGHIS SRQOT Such Gentlemen the gentlemen U KEESDCEMUAAP S I & Ladies are amateurs of Fencing, respectfully invited NPSMEIEAOUMLGR L that he Proposes The Patriot Papers serves students of all ages. It is published to attend this TRCAQTDRTRAWCEI quarterly by the National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian delightful spectacle. opening a VELREAESANGQGFV Institution, P. O. Box 37012, Washington, D.C. 2o013-7012 To t h e a m a z e m e n t E T L T N N T S S L B E I F I Making Connections EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: Felice A. Pulles EDITORIAL STAFF: Tia Powell Harris, of all, the RC NHBRJDLCIQSEC ASSISTANT EDITOR: Vicki Fama, Terilee Edwards-Hewitt, Emily FENCING Hana Field McDonough,Whitney Pickens, ACADEMY N Q O A E W O A U A Y S R J F REVIEW EDITOR: Dru Dowdy Emily van Agtmael Find the dates to these main events. Many are in O J I B R W B H B F F P T M O EDITORIAL CONSULTANTS: GUEST COLUMNIST: J. K. Pulles LEARNED Kate Finch, Shirlee Lampkin DESIGN: Studio A, Alexandria,VA N H L K N N F R S Q Y N I S S on the 5th of the newspaper. Construct a simple timeline that THE PUDDING PAPERS: Margaret Christman PIG L I P E N N S Y L V A N I A E February on River puts these major events in chronological order. G Y S H T A O Y T L A Y O L L The opinions expressed in The Patriot Papers are not necessarily u Street, the second Use images, drawings, or symbols to represent M V F H Z C G R J N Q W Z G U those of the Smithsonian Institution or the National Portrait Gallery. door from King XCTYCVTQHVGUYLR Teaching materials to accompany the exhibition “George counts, adds, & Street, where that Washington: A National Treasure” are available to educators at each event. subtracts numbers noble art will be no cost by visiting www.georgewashington.si.edu or by calling & even False teeth Jefferson Mount Vernon 1-866-NPG-KITS. taught every Tuesday, Federalists John Adams Pennsylvania identifies colors. ______Boston: Boston Tea Party Thursday, and George Lansdowne Rules of Civility Smithsonian The Doors will be open National Portrait Gallery Saturday. Gilbert Stuart Loyalty oath at Six o’Clock. ______France: Bastille stormed, French Hamilton Martha Revolution begins
______Thomas Jefferson writes the Declaration of Independence ______American Revolution ends Word find key ______Washington becomes first President MH K F H A M I L T O N T N Y ______Gilbert Stuart paints Washington’s OHTXE LGH I SSRQOT portrait U K E E S D C E M U A A P S I NPSME I E AO UMLG R L ______President and Mrs. Washington move into residence on High Street in TRCAQTDRTRAWCEI Philadelphia VELREAESANGQGFV E T L T N N T S S L B E I F I RC NHBR J DL C I QS EC N Q O A E W O A U A Y S R J F O J I B R W B H B F F P T M O N H L K N N F R S Q Y N I S S L I P E N N S Y L V A N I A E G Y S H T A O Y T L A Y O L L M V F H Z C G R J N Q W Z G U XCTYCVTQHVGUYLR Making Connections
George’s Genealogy the patriot papers not our finest hour page 3 George Washington’s family can be traced back all the way to the mid-1500s. Although November 1796 George and Martha never had children togeth- Throughout the coming months The Patriot Papers RUNAWAY SLAVE. Mrs. Washington is greatly distressed by the loss of Olney Judge, her Mount Vernon will address the issue of slavery during George er, there are numerous recorded cousins, and servant so skilled in needlework. The girl, we hear, was lured away by a Frenchman who tired of her and left Washington’s time. In view of Washington’s many many people today claim to be related to our her stranded in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. President Washington has sent word that all will be forgiven if attributes and accomplishments, it is difficult to she returns to her mistress, but she has refused to come back unless promised her freedom. This puts the acknowledge his role as slave owner. Guest histori- first President. How far back can you trace your ans will share their perspectives; we invite you to President in an awkward situation. Privately he has said that although he is sympathetic to her demand, setting family? Design a simple family tree. share yours. Hopefully, through dialogue, we will her free would only reward her for running away and would spread discontent among the rest of his servants increase our understanding. (as he calls them), who by being faithful are more deserving of their freedom than the runaway. Above all, the — F.A. Pulles, editor President cautioned that no violent means should be used to bring her back, lest a mob or riot be excited. [email protected] Rather than risk this happening, he would tell Mrs. Washington she must get along without the services of The White House Olney Judge. President John Adams was the first to live in the White House, even though construction was not RUN AWAY FROM MY December 1790 PLANTATION, called Newport News, complete. During the War of 1812, the British FREEDOM TOO GREAT A TEMPTATION. President Washington has brought a handful of servants on the 17th of January, a very likely set fire to the White House, but it survived. The Negro Fellow named Strawsbury, about from Mount Vernon, but he will be faced with the difficulty of complying with the Pennsylvania law freeing original stone walls, built two centuries ago, are adult slaves who have lived in Pennsylvania for six months in a row. It is believed that the President, therefore, thirty Years of Age, has lost one of his fore will have to shuttle these servants back and forth and suffer the inconvenience of sometimes being without his Teeth, and had on a Cotton Waistcoat and still in place today. The White House now has cook, Hercules. Asked if he feared his slaves might take advantage of being in the North to run away, the Breeches, Plaid Stockings, and Negro 132 rooms, 35 bathrooms, and 6 levels, with President has privately conceded that “the idea of freedom might be too great a temptation for them to resist.” Shoes. The Negroes upon the Plantation saw him go away with two Sailors; he can 412 doors, 147 windows, 28 fireplaces, 8 stair- read, and I imagine he will attempt to go cases, and 3 elevators. Draw a picture of the out of the Country on Board a Vessel. house you would want to live in if you were I do hereby forewarn all Masters of Vessels ★ George Washington was only 11 years old ★ Approximately 75 percent of the slaves at from carrying him away, as they shall President, or design one special room. when he inherited 10 slaves from his father Mount Vernon worked in the fields. Of answer it at their Peril. Whoever brings in 1743. these, nearly 65 percent were women. the said Negro to me, in York County, shall have TEN POUNDS Reward if he is ★ By the time he was 22 years old, Washington taken in this Colony, and TWENTY ★ Washington allowed his slaves to marry, Extension activities: owned approximately36 slaves. At his death POUNDS if out thereof. although such arrangements were not legally in 1799, Washington had 316 slaves at binding at that time. Mount Vernon, 123 of whom belonged —WILLIAM DIGGES, Junior Playing with Possessions directly to him. The remaining 193 were ● “dower” slaves—those he acquired through ★ In his will, Washington freed all of the slaves Possessions tell us a lot about a person. his marriage to Martha. he owned. His personal valet, William Lee, Have each student choose one item to rep- was released with a payment of $30 per year Possessions ★ Washington did not buy or sell any slaves for the rest of his life, a considerable sum in resent each member of his or her family Today, most of us own many more things than we after the Revolutionary War. those days. (including the student) and assemble these really need to live on. When George was 11 years old, his family made an inventory (or list) of their posses- in a backpack or box. Then each student sions. Here is what they owned, besides their land: should choose one item that best repre- • 16 pairs of sheets • A looking glass (mirror) sents the entire family. Encourage students December 1790 • 17 pillowcases • One silver-plated soup spoon to do this exercise with their families. Each PRESIDENTIAL RESIDENCE, • 13 b e d s 190 HIGH STREET, • A couch • 18 small spoons student should be able to tell the class why PHILADELPHIA. • Desks • 7 teaspoons he or she chose the one item that best • Chairs • A watch Additions will be made to accom- represents him or her. (Each student could modate Mrs. Washington and her • A fireplace set • A sword two grandchildren, Nelly, who is • Tablecloths • 11 china plates assemble a backpack or box with only his about twelve, and George • Napkins • 20 slaves or her own items if families prove difficult.) Washington, who is about ten, as How many of these same items are owned by your well as the President’s secretary and family today? Are you surprised to see “slaves” listed numerous servants. as part of the inventory of possessions? If you were to ● Have students take an inventory of their make an inventory of every item in your home, how bedroom. (It might be frightening but could George Washington and His Family by David Edwin, after long do you think the list would be? How many items Edward Savage, stipple engraving, 1798. National be revealing of personality.) Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution would be unfamiliar to George Washington?
● Students can be divided into groups and assigned a specific historical family to rep- resent. The group would first research the family and then discuss issues and debate ideas representative of that family. They can also construct the same family back- pack representing their historical family.
For Discussion and Debate
Have students do further research on slavery. Good websites include Mount Vernon’s site at www.mountvernon.org, the Hubbard House Underground Railroad Museum in Ohio at www.hubbardhousemuseum.org, or the Decatur House at www.decaturhouse.org. Building Vocabulary
Define the terms “Federalist” and “Republican” page 4 portraits on parade the patriot papers as used in Washington’s time. What did each political party represent? Which parties did Jefferson and Hamilton support? Why? How do The Portrait Puzzler: these terms relate to the Republican and Fill in the blank Democratic parties of today? Who am I?
❦ Although George and I never had children of our own, I bore 4 children and, sadly, buried them all. Vocabulary Words camp fever 1. Typhus: an infection character- ❦ I was the secretary of the treasury. I wanted a strong gov- ernment with many businesses and banks. Thomas Jefferson ized by high fever, headache, and dizziness; and I disagreed about many things, and this began to divide a.k.a. camp diarrhea the country.
❦ I felt the colonies should be independent from England, cede vt. 1. To surrender possession of, formally and wrote this in Common Sense. I also felt that “these were the or officially. 2. To yield or grant, as by a treaty. times that try men’s souls.”
tippet n. 1. A long, slender boa used like a ❦ I helped write the Declaration of Independence, and was involved in politics, especially in Philadelphia. I am most ❦ I served as the first Vice President of the United States and ❦ I was the first to sign the Declaration of Independence, scarf. It was considered a fancy accessory in famous, however, for using a kite to show the nature of elec- as the second President. I was elected to the presidency in and my signature is the largest. the 19th century, usually made of swansdown tricity and lightning. 1796. My son later became President in 1825. or fur. John Hancock by William Smith, 1775; Abigail Adams by Raphaelle Peale, 1804; ❦ I drafted the Declaration of Independence. As President, ❦ Aside from being a first lady, I fought for women’s rights, John Adams by John Trumbull, c. 1793; Martha Washington by an unidentified artist, 1800–1825; Thomas Jefferson by Mather Brown, 1786. Gift of Charles I doubled the size of the United States with the Louisiana especially for women to have the same educational opportuni- Francis Adams; Benjamin Franklin by Joseph Siffred Duplessis, c. 1785. Gift of the Purchase. ties as men. I also strongly opposed slavery. Morris and Gwendolyn Cafritz Foundation; Alexander Hamilton by James Sharples, c. 1796; Thomas Paine by William Sharp, 1793; All images are details and are from the National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution Making Connections What Did George Really Look Like? You as President eorge Washington towered over most men If you compare this portrait to portraits of other Did You Know...? of the time. Standing about 6 feet, 3 inches important people during the same time period, What qualities made George Washington a G • He came from a blended family, having two tall, with long arms and legs, huge hands and feet, you’ll see some very serious faces. Most people did older stepbrothers and one stepsister? good President? What kind of person should be and pale blue eyes, Washington attracted notice. not smile for portraits the way we often are told to the President of the United States? Do you When young, his hair was reddish brown, but it “smile” when we have our pictures taken. Portraits • He was actually born February 11, not think you have what it takes to be a future lightened as he aged. were a way to show status and dignity, and to com- February 22? England changed its calendar As a young man he was strong and athletic look- municate character. People valued a dignified, for- when he was a boy, causing his birthdate to President? Would you want to be President? ing, weighing about 175 pounds. Later in life, he mal manner, especially in their President. become February 22. weighed closer to 200 pounds. Why or why not? • His father died when he was 11 years old? Portraits of the 18th century captured a personal- Look carefully at the Lansdowne portrait on ity on canvas, much as photographs do today. Both page 1. Identify 3 things the portrait tells us about • He often had a bad temper but slowly the artist and the photographer try to show the real President Washington: learned to control it? person through their art. But it is easier for a painter 1.______• The Portrait Puzzler answer key to hide flaws or alter unattractive features than a He loved horseback riding, dancing, and 1. Martha Washington photographer. The Lansdowne portrait is consid- 2.______farming? ered quite realistic, but there are some things the 3.______• He was not always a good student? 2. Alexander Hamilton portrait does NOT show about George Washington: • He did not always get along very well with Compare this portrait with two others of 3. Thomas Paine • His face was scarred from smallpox his mother, who was bossy and controlling? (especially his nose) Washington (you can find them in this paper!). 4. Benjamin Franklin Do you notice any similarities?______• His older half-brother Lawrence was one • He had a strong “Roman” nose ______of the most important people in young 5. Thomas Jefferson • Already in his 60s, GW had wrinkles in his George’s life? skin and a bit of a stomach paunch 6. John Adams Any differences?______• He was wearing ill-fitting dentures that may • He had two stepchildren, but no children of 7. Abigail Adams have distorted his face ______his own? 8. John Hancock • He wore eyeglasses for reading ______
Making a Portrait Silhouette
HERE’S WHAT YOU WILL NEED: WHAT TO DO:
• A person to be your model 1. Arrange the chair about 12 inches from the wall. 3. Tape black construction paper onto the wall where • Chair Have your model sit on the chair in front of the the shadow falls. • Light source: adjustable desk lamp wall. He or she must sit sideways, with one ear or even a strong flashlight facing the light and the other facing the wall. 4. Using white chalk or a gel pen, trace the outline of • Tape the head. Don’t rush! This must be done slowly to 2. Position the lamp or flashlight so that it shines get good details. • White chalk or brightly colored gel pen directly on the head. Make sure you can see a • Table sharp outline of the person’s profile on the wall. 5. After you trace, cut out the silhouette and glue it • Colored construction paper TIP: You may have to change the distance onto a piece of colored construction paper. • Black construction paper between the light and the model until the shadow • Sharp scissors is clear. • White glue Lost & Found
the patriot papers deathbenotproud page 5 Find the following items in The Patriot Papers. Circle each item. Then count the number of times that object appears and list the number in the blank to the left. Some objects appear more than Six Reasons For Greatness once. More than 200 years after his death, we still speak of George Washington’s greatness. Why? What makes a person great? 1. _____ silhouette
By age 23, Washington was renowned for his physical courage: he continued 2. _____ pig 1. to fight in one battle despite having 4 bullets pierce his clothing and 2 horses shot out from under him. 3. _____ American flag
Washington risked his wealth, his reputation, and his life when he agreed to 4. _____ globe 2. lead the fight against the British; had he failed, he would have been hung as a traitor! 5. _____ music
Washington learned to “act like a fox, not like a wolf.” He understood that to 6. _____ false teeth win the war against Britain, he had to outlast his enemy, not win every battle. 3. 7. _____ sword Washington agreed to become the first President of the United States, when 4. he could easily have been the first king. 8. _____ portrait He was the only President to be elected unanimously, not once 9. _____ black boots 5. but twice! 10. _____ rainbow He was the only Founding Father to free his slaves when he died, although 6. this was not effective until after Martha Washington’s death. George Washington in His Last Illness, an etching done in 1800 by an unidentified artist, is an example of the public’s 11. _____ dollar bill fascination with the death of its first American hero. National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution Is there anyone alive today who you think is great and will be remembered by 12. _____ inkwell history? Defend your choice. George Washington Dies at 67 13. _____ medicine bottle after riding outside during very bad weather last thursday 14. _____ pocket watch and Friday, George Washington got sick on Saturday, December 14, 1799. Did George Washington An infection * gave him a sore throat. He also had a fever, and it was hard for 15. _____ dancer him to breathe. Stand a Chance? The President’s friend Tobias Lear writes that the President grew calm late 16. _____ bonnet in the evening and checked his own pulse. Then he died peacefully in his bed. 17. _____ military uniform His wife Martha was with him, as well as some servants, doctors, and friends. to modern people, it is easy to think that medicine in the colonies A large funeral is planned for Wednesday, December 18, including gun 18. _____ star was unsafe. Many doctors at the time were self-trained. If he had lived today, salutes and a procession. George Washington could have been cured with antibiotics. But in 1799, could * Modern medicine concludes that this was epiglottitis, a bacterial infection. 19. _____ portrait pendant Washington have gotten better after the treatments he experienced? During colonial times, no one knew how diseases were spread. One of the main 20. _____ pictures of George Washington theories focused on the need for a total balance of tension and fluids in the body. This delicate balance was essential to both physical and mental health. If there The President with No Teeth! 21. _____ eagle was too much or too little of any one fluid, a person could get sick. The doctors 22. _____ ruffled shirt who tried to help George Washington used medical treatments that tried to bal- hen George Washington ance the fluids. Wbecame the first President in 23. _____ a fencing academy Washington’s doctors bled him several times. They may have thought that 1783, he had only one tooth left in his taking out extra blood would stop the swelling in Washington’s throat. mouth. As a boy, he had cracked wal- 24. _____ the word “patriot” Unfortunately, they took out a lot of blood. That made it hard for George’s body nut shells with his teeth. As a result, to fight the illness. many of them fell out before he was Doctors also made Washington gargle with vinegar, molasses, and butter. 30! Over the years, Washington wore These were used to open up his throat. But his throat was too swollen and he had several sets of false teeth. There is no a lot of trouble swallowing. He almost choked a couple of times too. proof that he ever had wooden teeth. Finally, doctors tried to make him vomit to take out any bad fluids. This can His dentures were made of many things. They were often made from human cause the body to lose too much water, and that can make someone sicker. teeth, animal teeth, and ivory. They were put together with wire and a spring. This Even though Washington’s doctors did a lot of things that modern doctors allowed the dentures to open and close. Throughout his life, Washington had would not do, they tried very hard to help him. They used medical practices that trouble speaking, chewing food, and smiling. The false teeth could be painful. were believed to be the most helpful. Washington knew that he was very ill. He They sometimes made Washington’s cheeks and lips puff out. Fortunately, mod- died bravely. ern dentistry now allows painless smiles for even the greatest of walnut lovers!
Capture It in Words
The unidentified artist of the etching George Write this verse out for the students. Ask them what Washington in His Last Illness captured the nation’s it adds to the work of art. Why would Americans sorrow when he added an inscription and verse shed “a grateful tear”? Then let them choose 2 or 3 beneath the picture. It reads: other pictures from this paper and try writing a title or verse of their own. They could even print out the “G. Washington in his last illness attended by best captions, mount them under photocopies of Docrs Craik and Brown.” their paintings, and display them. Americans behold & shed a grateful tear For a man who has gained your freedom most dear And now is departing into the realms above Where he may ever rest in lasting peace above. Writing to Learn
Take any character from the past and write a jour- page 6 trippin through time the patriot papers nal entry, a page from a diary, or a letter from his ’ or her perspective.
Make up your own Rules of Civility for the 21st InOtherWords... CROSS-ing theDelaware 5 century—on dating, on dining, on education, on Mistress Goody’s Column of Advice 4 7 1 3 politics. on subjects other than politics and war. 1 RESPECTFULLY BASED ON THE RULES OF CIVILITY 6 —by t. powell harris 2 2
In 1745, in the colonial frontier 3 Time Travel town of Fredericksburg, Virginia, thirteen-year-old Take any modern personality, celebrity, or politi- George Washington recorded The Rules of 4 cian and send them back in time to comment on Civility in his workbook, an event. (“Future Flash” is really the opposite— probably as a dictation a character from the past comments on a cur- exercise. These “guide- lines for the respectable rent event.) gentleman” would influ- mistress goody ence him throughout his life. The rules stress etiquette, chivalry, and courtesy. Does that sound Use George Washington and other people men- like something from the Dark Ages? tioned in The Patriot Papers as characters for a Fortunately, there is one who understands the across down skit. Act out what you think George Washington’s rules well; in fact, she still recommends their use 1. George Washington recorded the Rules of 1. Washington had to wear a false set of these. today. Let us recall a character from the past to help ______when he was thirteen years old. 2. In the time of Washington, there were two political first inaugural address would have been like. Or with our everyday problems. We give you the 2. The National Portrait Gallery’s image of parties, the Republicans and the ______re-create a scene from Valley Forge using the “Toast of George Town,” our own Mistress George Washington is often referred to as the ______portrait. 3. The man who painted a famous portrait of George information you know. Imagine what a typical din- Goody, always informed, always respectable, and Washington in 1796. very, very good. 3. The violent opposition to the liquor tax is ner would be like for George and Martha, and act known as the ______Rebellion. 4. George Washington died of this infection. this out. How would this be different from a din- Mistress Goody, 4. The first President of the United States 5. The first name of George Washington’s wife. My brother has a toothache every week. I’m getting tired of 6. The name of George Washington’s home in Virginia. ner with your family? Don’t forget to use dress him complaining so much. He eats chocolate, candy, and ice 66666 7. In the winter of 1777–78, Washington struggled and language to make the skits more authentic. cream all the time, and I know that’s what the problem is. to keep his troops alive at ______. Don’t you think if he stops eating junk food his toothaches will go away? : Mistress Goody, Rule 38: In visiting the sick, do not presently play FUTURE FLASHPATRIOTS PROVE VICTORIOUS At the lunch table most everyone eats and talks at the the physician if you be not knowing therein. IN GREAT BOWL ON THE GREEN Cross-ing the Delaware answer key same time. I think that’s pretty gross. What do you think? ecently I, Mistress Goody, was privy to a most unusual Across In other words . . . stop playing doctor and suggest Rglimpse into the future regarding our fellow country- that he see a dentist without delay. men. It seems that on Sunday, February 3, 2002, a rather 1. Civility The rules of dining etiquette are quite clear; let unusual sporting event pitted a most honorable group of them guide your acquaintances in all their culinary fellow Patriots from my beloved New England against a 2. Lansdowne rather brutish bunch of Rams from the remote region of 3. Whiskey Mistress Goody, endeavors (and in the cafeteria!). Missouri. It took place in a very large Bowl somewhere in There’s this really cool group of kids that I want to hang out the South. Very large men wearing tight breeches and silk 4. George Washington 90th: Being set at meat, scratch not neither spit, stockings bandied about the green in a quest to capture a with. Sometimes they do mean things to people. Like once I small oval pigskin. The poor pig was repeatedly thrown, know they broke into a teacher’s car. They didn’t take any- cough nor blow your nose, except when there is a kicked, and spiked into the ground. And I’m afraid our fellow thing. It was just a practical joke, sort of. My mom says I necessity for it. countrymen grew rather violent as the afternoon pro- Down gressed. Such pushing, shoving, shouting, and spitting have shouldn’t want to be associated with anyone who might never before, I assure you, been witnessed by Mistress 1. Teeth lead me into trouble one day, but I think it’s all about a lit- 100th: Cleanse not your teeth with the tablecloth, Goody, who prefers more refined entertainment. Several 2. Federalists tle fun. What do you say? napkin, fork, knife; but if others do it, let it be done gentlemen grew so agitated as to hurl themselves at their with a pick tooth. [i.e., a toothpick] opponents; others, totally unruly, grabbed legs, arms, and 3. Gilbert Stuart all accessible appendages, and flung their counterparts to Rule 56: Associate yourself with men of good the ground. Although Mistress Goody certainly found it to be a most discourteous display, lacking in all decorum and quality if you esteem your own reputation. For ’tis 4. Epiglottitis civility, it is fortunate that our beloved Patriots proved vic- 5. Martha better to be alone than in bad company. Questions? Problems? Too much homework? torious. Write to Mistress Goody for all the answers to love Affectionately, Constance Goody—a former Bostonian 6. Mount Vernon I think you get Mistress Goody’s point! and life. [email protected] 7. Valley Forge
Make Your Own Portrait WHAT TO DO: QUIZ: On which paper bill can you see President • Put a quarter on a sheet of thin newsprint or Washington’s face? of George tracing paper.
WHAT YOU WILL NEED: • Hold the coin steady as you rub over it with the • Thin newsprint or tracing paper side of a crayon. TIP: If you find that the coin • A new quarter (or one that is not worn down) slips, you can put a circle of tape on the bottom • Peeled crayon of the coin to hold it to the desk.
• As you rub the crayon over the coin, you will begin to see the head of President Washington appear! More Bad Poetry
During the 1770s “Poet’s Corners” appeared in the patriot papers page 7 the pudding papers newspapers throughout America. Anonymous poems, songs, and satires commented on issues of the day. Americans also produced a e interrupt this edition of The Patriot Papers news to bring you the nearly news—a poet’s corner… great number of political broadsides—sheets of Wcollection of intimate historical glimpses into the past, captured in not-so-living color in some very bad poetry paper covered with anonymous poems, songs, The Pudding Papers. The complete episodic adventures can be viewed at your leisure at www.georgewashington.si.edu. Our on-the-scene trusted correspondents include: Silas and essays—that could be tacked up around the Silvertongue, our presidential reporter; Titus Blunt, our congressional correspondent; and our GEORGE city, left on doorsteps, or even read to groups on own Prudence Pudding, who provides social notes from all over. (We leave it for you to street corners. Have your students try their decide, dear reader, whether she is an upstart hussy or a man in disguise.) In the spirit of the There was a young General freedom of the press guaranteed by our new Bill of Rights, we intend to act as a watchful eye hand at creating broadsides, writing political or named George and a listening ear, sometimes bringing a plate of gossip, but never a dish of scandal. social poetry, or drawing political cartoons. Here Who led troops in the Valley at Forge is a sample to get them started. *Editor’s note—We apologize in advance for any improprieties, insults, or slanderous remarks on the part of our His horse was a dolly correspondents. They are, at times ill-mannered, sometimes indiscreet, and, at all times, want of wit. Who took bullets so jolly And now he has a horse no more.
Ricketts, demonstrating his agility by drinking a REVOLUTIONARY TEA Social Notes glass of wine while on horseback, raised his glass from to the health of “The Man of the People.” This REVOLUTIONARY MOMENTS There was an old lady lived over the sea All Over... produced an immediate clap of applause and a loud hurrah from every part of the Circus. Mr. Colonists took action and dumped the tea And she was an island queen. Ricketts has expressed his agreement with those They stood strong and would not flea who call General Washington the finest horse- Some fought at Lexington, some at Concord * Her daughter lived off in a new country man of the age, saying “I delight to see the gener- Patience Wright by an unidentified This threat to the British could not be ignored. With an ocean of water between. artist, etching, 1775. National Portrait al ride, and make it a point to fall in with him
Gallery, Smithsonian Institution when I hear that he is abroad on horseback; his e The old lady’s pockets were full of gold seat is so firm, his management so easy and grace- *Bostonians pronounce Concord — [kahn • k d]. April 23 1789 ful, that I who am a professor of horsemanship, Yo u ’re right, that’s hard to rhyme! But never contented was she, HE COMES! HE COMES! George would go to him and learn to ride.” Washington, President-elect of the United So she called on her daughter to pay her a tax States, has just set foot on the New York shore 8 We take no responsibility for the quality of Of three pence a pound on her tea, after an eight-day triumphal journey from June 1791 the work herein. GOOD POETRY SOUGHT. Mount Vernon. The excitement here is unbeliev- Submit to [email protected] THE PRESIDENT ON TOUR. When he Of three pence a pound on her tea. able. Thousands line the streets—all you can see entered upon the duties of his office, George are heads standing as thick as ears of corn before Washington decided he would visit all parts of the harvest. Ladies are crowded in every window, the United States to please the citizens and to see anxious for a glimpse of the illustrious man. “I monsters of the earth “Now, mother, dear mother,” the daughter replied, how they felt about the new government. Silas have seen him!” we heard one young lady call out, and sea, a rich array of Silvertongue, who is with the President’s party, “and though I had been entirely ignorant that he birds, and a great col- “I shan’t do the thing you ax. reports that they are nearing the end of their two- was arrived in the city, I should have known at a lection of the bones, month journey of 1,887 miles, Towns have been in I’m willing to pay a fair price for the tea, glance that it was General Washington: I never jaws, and teeth of tigers, a bustle of preparation, and at every stop the citi- saw a human being that looked so great and noble sharks, and many other zens have come out to meet him with addresses of But never the three penny tax.” as he does. I could fall down on my knees before fearful animals. In one welcome. Ladies, some rouged up to the ears, him.” Washington, it can well be believed, is more room are rattle, black, have bedecked themselves with sashes and head- “You shall,” quoth the mother, and popular than the new government he is to head. and spotted snakes, con- bands painted with images of the President and fined in cases enclosed Charles Willson Peale, self-portrait, reddened with rage, patriotic slogans. The festivities include the ring- oil on canvas, circa 1791. National with wire and glass. She Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian ing of bells, bands of music, cannon salutes, and Institution was astonished to see “For you’re my own daughter, you see, some very bad poetry. (see poetry box, upper right) Mr. Peale take out a black snake about four or And sure ’tis quite proper a daughter should pay Philadelphia, July 13, 1793 five feet long feet long, which he permitted to RICKETT’S AMPHITHEATRE. Word that the touch his cheek and twine itself around his neck. Her mother a tax on her tea, In the yard and stable were eagles, owls, baboons, President and his family were to attend a perfor- Philadelphia, September 1796 mance of Mr. John Bill Rickett’s dangerous feats monkeys, and a six-footed cow. Mr. Peale is also Her mother a tax on her tea.” on horseback brought a large crowd this evening A visit to Mr. Peale’s museum, Prudence a painter, and there can be seen in his museum to what is called the Circus. The acrobatic perfor- Pudding tells us, is well worth the admission fee more than a hundred portraits of the more note- mance was held to raise money to buy firewood of one fourth of a dollar, if only to see the huge worthy personages of our country, including our for the poor during the coming winter. Mr. American buffalo. Peale’s rooms are filled with illustrious Washington. Extension Activities
● Design clothing for a historical character or Making Connections for a historical novel or play. ● Research Peale’s Museum and give a Maxims report on some of the odd animals that Benjamin Franklin is well known for writing or rewrit- • Great talkers, little doers. were included. ing common-sense advice and perspectives on his • No gains without pains. life and times, as found in Poor Richard’s Almanac, ● Draw pictures that illustrate some of those • To err is human, to repent divine; to persist, which was popular in his day and remains popular. devilish. peculiar animals in the museum. Students enjoy deciphering the Franklin proverbs. • He has lost his boots but saved his spurs. Initiate a class discussion around some or all of the ● Research Rickett’s Amphitheatre or the his- following: • He that falls in love with himself, will have tory of the circus and report back to the class. no rivals. • Early to bed and early to rise makes a man • He that lies down with dogs shall rise up healthy, wealthy, and wise. with fleas. • Never leave till tomorrow that which you can do today. Writing to Learn
THE PATRIOT PAPERS HONORING COMMUNITY SERVICE PAGE 8 Make Your Voice Heard If you could have a conversation with George Pets on Parade Washington, what would it be like? Compose a Pledge It Forward—From Self to Service: Washington had many pets. Draw a letter to Washington sharing your thoughts about A Challenge from The Patriot Papers — F. A. pulles, editor-in-chief picture of Patriot the cat, Sweetlips the state of America during his presidency. Do the hound, or your own favorite pet. Send it to us! hen studying George Washington, I was tinue the fight overseas defending our freedom. you agree with the decisions he makes? What Wsurprised to discover that he really Sometimes it’s hard to pay back those who would you suggest he do differently? Next, com- didn’t want to be President. Remember the have helped us and shaped our lives—our pose a similar letter addressed to our current last presidential election and the close race forefathers, our heroes, our parents, our between George W. Bush and Al Gore? They teachers. The 2000 movie Pay It Forward President. Send this one! counted and recounted those votes for weeks. had a solution: if you can’t pay them back, (Remember the hanging chads?) And both pay it forward. Find three new people to Or . . . pair up with a friend and write a dialogue men really wanted to be President of the help in your own community. It’s a good between Washington and one of his contempo- United States. George Washington, on the way to say thank-you. other hand, didn’t really want the job. In The National Portrait Gallery’s Office of raries where you discuss the issues of the day. 1788 he was 56 years old and had already Education would like to recognize those sacrificed many years in service to his coun- who care about community. We challenge Or . . . play today’s TV correspondent and con- try. For eight-and-a half years he served as you to Pledge It Forward—pledge time to duct a live interview with Washington. What does commander in chief of the Continental army. your schools, youth organizations, senior He was ready to spend more time with his he think of America in 2002 and the current centers. Pick a project, pledge your time, and family managing his Virginia plantation, make a difference. If a high-school student state of affairs? Mount Vernon. But his friends felt that he was tutors one child just once a week, if a 4th the only man who could lead a new country. grader reads to an elderly shut-in, if kids in And when they asked, he served. Four years Las Vegas start a small library by collecting later, when asked to serve a second term, he used books, if senior citizens plant flowers “Kids Voting” Campaign Pledge It Forward—Self to Service was even more hesitant. But he knew his on Main Street, if teens answer a hotline, vol- Launched in Las Vegas Divide students into groups and let them brain- country needed him during this difficult unteer at a shelter, or simply read to a child, time, and again he served. we would all be stronger. Ask your teachers, As the father of our country, President George storm about possible service projects they could Washington’s life was one of service and tell your parents. Pick a project and tell us Washington led the way in the world’s first undertake. sacrifice. And it came at a great cost—to his about it. We’d like to recognize Americans experiment with democracy. Today we strive health, to his marriage, and to Mount working for America and will feature your to maintain that democracy. Following Vernon. Throughout our country’s history, stories and pictures on our website at Washington’s example of patriotism, Las Vegas Have your students write political poems on Americans have been asked to serve and www.georgewashington.si.edu. Projects Valley students will have an opportunity to par- “America 2002” and submit them to sacrifice for the good of country and com- of particular merit will be published in The ticipate in our democratic process, when they munity. On September 11, we were called Patriot Papers. Get creative; get busy. And cast their ballots in the fall 2002 general election. [email protected] once again and America answered. Many together, we can build a community of caring. “Kids Voting Nevada” is a nonprofit, nonparti- sacrificed; many served. And Americans con- Write to us at [email protected]. san organization dedicated to promoting voter registration and educating children in the voting process. On election day, participating students Together, Museums Create Wall of Expression cast their ballots alongside their parents at numer- Tile game key ous polling sites throughout the Las Vegas Valley. “ On the morning of September 11, , Americans hese are the times that try men’s souls. Launched in 1998, the “Kids Voting” cam- George Washington — A MAN OF SERVICE; Mrs. Washington’s watched in horror as we witnessed the sheer force of hatred. T The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot paign began with 36 schools; 11,588 students runaway who stayed away! — OLNEY JUDGE; Mistress Goody As a nation we mourned, and as a nation we must heal. cast their ballot on election day. By 2000, the Voicing our collective sorrow, we used art as our medium will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of Quotes…THE RULES OF CIVILITY; Faith Proctor — ON A campaign had doubled in size, with 77 schools, and created the Wall of Expression, seeking to heal our- their country; but he that stands it now, deserves 2,600 teachers, 480 community volunteers, and FASHION FRENZY!; Patriot n. — FELLOW COUNTRYMAN selves and support a grieving nation. This wall stands as a the love and thanks of man and woman.” memorial to those who sacrificed, a tribute to those who 43,241 students voting. Campaign 2002, “Our served, and as an expression of hope for the future. thomas paine, fromThe American Crisis, december 1776 Freedom, Our Future,” will be underway shortly. The Patriot Papers salutes the students of Las Vegas for following in George Washington’s footsteps and strengthening American demo- cracy. Check out the “Kids Voting” display at the exhibition “George Washington: A National Wanted: Treasure” when you visit the Las Vegas Art Museum. Original art, “bad poetry,” stories of community service, pictures, or photos. Patriotic Events Celebrate Washington:
● 4th of july family day weekend
Feature your class on our website—send MCDONOUGH PHOTOGRAPHS BY EMILY ● september 11: a candlelight vigil in Dedicated to those who sacrificed and served on September 11, 2001, and the weeks following, the Wall of Expression surrounds the Old Patent Office Building remembrance of the national tragedy. information to [email protected] at 8th and F Streets, NW, in Washington, D.C. The building, home of the National Portrait Gallery and the Smithsonian American Art Museum, is currently under- going extensive renovation while its collections tour the world. ● nevada day weekend, october 25–27
Tile Game Mistress Goody Quotes… ILIT Y. THE RULE CIV S OF Unscramble the tiles to reveal a message.
George Washington Faith Proctor AN A M OF VIC E. SER ON A NZY! FRE HION FAS
Mrs. Washington’s runaway who stayed away! patriot n. GE OL JUD NEY CO UNT FEL AN RY M LOW