Id-118: Roses
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C O O P E R A T I V E E X T E N S I O N S E R V I C E U N I V E R S I T Y O F K E N T U C K Y • C O L L E G E O F A G R I C U L T U R E ID-118 RosesR have manyOSESM. L. Witt, S. Bale, J. W. Buxton, J. R. Hartman, M. F. Potter landscape uses. They can be placed as accent plants or used to form hedges or ground covers. They offer a rainbow of colors and a variety of forms and fragrances, and their sizes range from miniatures to Rose Bush Roses tall climbing plants. Bush roses are self-supporting Roses may be Classifications and grow upright. They bear Because roses are highly cross- flowers primarily at the top of the grown under many bred, classification lines and plant. The four types of bush roses gradations are not clear so a are hybrid teas, floribundas, climatic and soil functional system is used to classify grandifloras, and miniatures. them. How roses are used depends Hybrid teas are nearly always conditions and, on their growth habits (as bushes, double-flowered, but some are semi- hedges, shrubs, climbers) and double-flowered or single-flowered. In with care, thrive flowering characteristics (number most cases, the flowers are borne singly. of flowers per stem, single versus Buds are usually long and pointed. and produce double flowers, fragrance). The Hybrid teas grow from 2½ to 5 feet tall, flowers for many following classifications are based and their stems tend to be long, making on the functional uses of outdoor them excellent for flower arrangements. roses. Hybrid teas do not produce as years. many flowers as some other rose AGRICULTURE • HOME ECONOMICS • 4-H • DEVELOPMENT 2 types. They also do not form a Heritage or roses with certain characteristics strong bush, but many canes arise (repeat blooming and double from the plant base. They vary in Old-Fashioned Roses flowers) of modern tea roses and hardiness and frequently need Heritage or old-fashioned (old) floribundas. David Austin roses winter protection. Many are fra- roses have irregular growth habits. range in height from 3 to 8 feet; grant. They are extremely hardy and often most are bushy and upright grow- Floribundas are probably the resistant to diseases and insects. An ers. They can be considered low- most popular class of roses world- ordinary garden can turn into a maintenance roses and require little wide because of their profuse wonderland of color and form by spraying. blooming. Their relatively large adding some old roses. flowers are borne in clusters. Damasks, albas, centifolias, Meidiland Roses Floribunda stems are shorter than gallicas, mosses, and species are These roses were created by those of hybrid teas, making them spring-blooming old roses. Hybrids less suitable for flower arrange- the House of Meilland in France of some old roses bloom repeat- and are sometimes sold as “flower- ments. The plants are bushier in edly and may be pruned any time appearance than hybrid teas and ing shrubs” rather than “roses” by of the year (as with modern roses). companies in this country. They are ideally are planted in groups of Varieties that bloom only once a three or more. Fifty plants massed easy to grow, hardy, relatively year should not be pruned until disease-resistant (though canker is in a bed create a real show. after they bloom in spring. Such Grandifloras are vigorous a problem), tolerant of heat, and varieties bloom on old wood, so not bothered excessively by plants with the free-flowering, pruning in winter and early spring clustering characteristic of floribun- Japanese beetles. They are consid- removes potential flowers. The ered low-maintenance roses. They das and the perfect form of hybrid beauty of old roses is in large, teas. Their flowers are larger than grow 1½ to 5 feet tall and are good well-established plants, not tightly plants for massing or hedges. those of floribundas but not quite as pruned, little bushes. large as those of hybrid teas. The plant is taller than floribundas and Polyanthas and Tree Roses hybrid teas (5 to 6 feet tall) and A tree rose is any rose grafted makes a good background plant. Hybrid Polyanthas to a tall trunk. Tree roses are not a Flower colors are not quite as vivid This group fits somewhere class of roses but a distinct garden as those of hybrid teas, but they between old-fashioned roses and form; however, most tree roses are provide a mass of color for garden modern floribundas. They were the bush type. They need special decoration and have individual stems derived mainly from Rosa multi- winter protection and careful long enough for cutting. flora crossed with tea and China pruning. Miniature roses (patio roses) roses. They are very hardy and are compact, well-branched, dense flower freely in clusters with plants with leaves and flowers that Climbers individual flowers that are small Vigorous roses that produce complement their small size. They and low-growing. These roses are flower profusely, and many are long, supple canes (6 to 20 feet not as popular as they were in the long) should be trained on sup- hardy. Miniatures are used as both early 1900s. garden and indoor plants. Since ports like fences, buildings, arbors, miniature roses have come on the or any stable structure. Weave the market, everyone—even people Ground Cover Roses canes in and out of the structure or who live in apartments or on small Ground cover roses have use soft ties to hold the canes in lots—has room for roses. Any vigorous canes that crawl outward place. Some climbers are ever- niche of soil measuring 6 inches or and only slightly upward. They blooming; others bloom once a more across and at least 6 inches form a broad carpet, almost pros- year. deep, whether in a permanent bed trate or slightly mounded. Some A serious problem with climb- or a container, is all you need to bloom only in spring; others are ers is cold hardiness. Climbers grow miniatures. If poor soil is a everbloomers. bloom on canes produced the problem, it can be removed and previous summer. Canes that suffer replaced since the volume is small. David Austin Roses winter dieback produce no blooms. For each small plant, a soil volume Some people resort to growing of 1/8 cubic feet (6 by 6 by 6 English hybridizer David Austin once-blooming ramblers, shrub inches) is all that is required. A full developed a new line of roses that roses, and some modern roses as cubic foot of soil is better for larger combines the hardiness and climbers. Check the cultivar list that miniatures and patio roses. disease resistance of old-fashioned follows for ideas. 3 Peace* (yellow blend) Rose Parade* Cultivar Pink Peace* (pink blend) Queen Elizabeth* (medium pink) Summer Dream (apricot blend) Camelot (medium pink) Selection Dainty Bess (single, light pink) Pink Parfait* (pink blend) Deciding which roses to grow Pascali* (white) Love (red blend) is a personal choice. Everyone has John F. Kennedy (white) Tournament of Roses (medium individual preferences. When you Elina (medium yellow) pink) see roses you like, jot down the Madame Violet (lavender) Sonia* (pink blend) cultivar name and make sure it is Marijke Koopman (medium pink) Shining Hour (white) hardy in Zone 6 (or zones with Touch of Class (pink blend) White Lightnin’ (white) lower numbers). If it is, find a Hoagy Carmichael (red) The Fairy* source and get your order in early. Folk Lore (orange blend) Red Gold* For some ideas, the rose Dublin (medium red) cultivars listed below are hardy in Elegant Beauty (yellow blend) Modern Shrub Roses Kentucky. They were selected Garden Party because of low maintenance and Color Magic • Rosa ‘Austrian Yellow’—6 feet tall. some pest resistance. This is not an Tiffany* Butter-yellow flowers that bloom in endorsement of these roses, but Tropicana* late May and early June. Ideal for simply an effort to get you started Singing in the Rain background planting. since there are so many from which Cary Grant • R. ‘Austrian Copper’—A sport to select. Princess de Monaco (genetic modification) of ‘Austrian The Kentucky Public Rose Carla* Yellow,’ with beautiful copper-red Garden is located at the Kentucky Cayenne* flowers. Reaches a height of 4 to 6 feet. Fair and Exposition Center (Louis- Duet* Petals are copper colored on the upper ville, KY 40232; phone 502/267- Electron* side and yellow on the reverse side. 6308). Fifteen hundred rose plants, First Prize* • R. ‘Bloomin’ Easy’—4 to 5 feet tall. Red representing 98 varieties, are grown Granada* flowers. Very hardy and disease-resistant. there. Which varieties are favorites Miss All American Beauty* • R. ‘Carefree Wonder’ and ‘Carefree of the growers at the public Portrait* Delight’—Mounding, 5-foot-high by 4- garden? They’re ranked below, but Pristine* foot-wide plants with rich pink flowers remember there is no substitute for Proud Land* and a creamy reverse. Excellent pest local experience. Sutter’s Gold* and disease resistance. Blooms during 1. ‘Carefree Delight’ (shrub rose) most of the summer. 2. ‘Showbiz’ (floribunda) Floribundas • R. ‘Champlain’—Hybrid Kordesii shrub 3. ‘Double Delight’ (hybrid tea) First Edition* (orange blend) rose. Double deep red flowers have light 4. ‘Queen Elizabeth’ (grandiflora) Betty Prior fragrance. Forms neat 3-foot mounds. 5. ‘New Beginning’ (miniature) Iceberg (white) • R. glauca—Grows up to 6 feet tall 6. ‘Pride in Joy’ (miniature) Pleasure (pink) but is easily kept in bounds.