Sunrise in Gujarat April 2012-March 2013 in Review

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RESolve Energy Consultants, Chennai Sunrise in Gujarat

Content Sunrise in Gujarat

Executive Summary...... 5

Solar in India...... 7

Gujarat Solar update...... 9

Charanka Solar Park...... 9

Solar Plant performance...... 11

Ranking of Plants operational for at least 1 Year(Overall)...... 13

Ranking of Plants operational for at least 1 Year (Charanka Solar Park)...... 16

Ranking of Plants operational for at least 1 Year (Outside Charanka Solar Park)...... 17

Seasonal Characteristics...... 20

Seasonal Characteristics – Charanka...... 21

c-Si vs. TF...... 22

String inverter vs. Central inverter...... 23

Conclusion...... 25

Annexure A - Details of Solar Power Project Developers who have signed PPA...... 27

Annexure B - Gujarat commissioning status...... 30

Content 2 Sunrise in Gujarat

Figures and Tables Sunrise in Gujarat

Figure 1 - Renewables Installed Capacity (GW)...... 8

Figure 2 - District-wise projects...... 10

Figure 3 - Seasonal Performance(All Gujarat)...... 20

Figure 4 - Seasonal Performance - Charanka...... 21

Figure 5 - Annual Generation and CUF (c-Si vs TF)...... 22

Figure 6 - Monthly Variation (c-Si vs TF)...... 23

Figure 7 - String Vs Central Inverter...... 24

Table 1 - Generation(MWh) for the period April 2012-March 2013...... 12

Table 2 - April 2012-March 2013...... 14

Table 3 - Ranking of Plants operational for at least 1 Year (Charanka Solar Park)...... 16

Table 4 - Ranking of Plants operational for at least 1 Year (Outside Charanka Solar Park)...... 17

Table 5 - Project developers in Gujarat...... 27

Table 6 - Solar plants in Gujarat...... 30

Figures and Tables 4 Sunrise in Gujarat

Executive Summary Sunrise in Gujarat

Executive Summary

In May 2013, RESolve released a whitepaper with the ranking of solar projects in Gujarat based on the energy generation data from SLDC for the calendar year 2012(January 2012 to December 12). It was the first attempt in the industry to collate information and do a comparative analysis of solar PV plant performance in the state of Gujarat.

We received some very positive feedback from the industry for the whitepaper, especially from some lead- ing bankers, project developers, EPCs and component vendors. The whitepaper is now used as a reference document by many and has been quoted in a few industry conference presentations and has been covered in the international media.

While the feedback was encouraging, we also received good suggestions for making the whitepaper better. One of the suggestions was to change the ranking from Calender year to Financial year. Based on this, we have updated the whitepaper for the period Financial year 2012-13(April 12 to March 13).

The other feedback we received was that the ranking does not really help in benchmarking the plants unless more details like the module technology, inverter types and several other input parameters are available. In order to meet that objective, we gathered the details of the components used in the plants (including tracking systems) and EPCs of the projects.

In this whitepaper, a total of 50 plants totalling 665.64 MW have been ranked based on their annual yield(MWh/MW). All these plants have been operational for at least 1 year. Of these 50 plants, 15 plants are located in Charanka Solar Park and 35 plants outside Charanka. There is an overall ranking of the 50 plants and a separate ranking each, for plants in Charanka and outside Charanka.

The module, inverters, tilt mechanism and EPC details are also available for several plants. But we would like to point out that knowing the module, inverter and EPC details is still not enough to benchmark the plants, because there are other variables that influence the performance of the plant. Some of them include the degree of design optimisation, quality of Balance of system components, build quality, and Operation and Maintenance. The more a developer is willing to spend, the better the quality of components will be. In short, what you get is what you pay for. With that in mind, we request you to go through the analysis carefully before drawing any inferences.

The information about components and EPCs has been collated based on interviews with several industry stakeholders and publically available sources. We have taken utmost care to verify the authenticity of information, but it is likely that some of the information need to be corrected. In case you come across such information, please let us know and we will be more than happy to correct them.

We would once again like to acknowledge the work done by Mr. Jigneshbhai Shah and M/s Movya Consul- tancy Pvt. Ltd, Ahmedabad, India which has been used in this report.

Executive Summary 6 Sunrise in Gujarat

Solar in India Sunrise in Gujarat

Solar in India

The total solar power installed capacity in India stood at of renewable power installed capacity (Source MNRE). 1.686 GW as of 31st March 2013 out of a total of 28 GW The breakup of the capacities is given below.

Figure 1 - Renewables Installed Capacity (GW)

Solar in India 8 Sunrise in Gujarat

Gujarat Solar update Sunrise in Gujarat

Gujarat Solar update

Gujarat signed Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) to- As of 31 March 2013, 77 projects totalling 852.31 MW wards a total 968.5 MW of installed capacity towards end were commissioned and operational. The complete list of of 2010 and early 2011. The full list of project developers projects is enclosed in Annexure B. is available in Annexure A.

District-wise projects The Charanka Solar park is spread over about 2000 Hect- to set up solar plants of a total 500 MW capacity. Of this, ares in the wastelands of the Rann of Kutch. The Rann 214 MW has been installed by 21 developers. (As of 19 of Kutch is a salt marsh at the edge of Thar Desert, and April 2012 – Source: GPCL) it borders Pakistan. The total area available can be used

Note: More details about Charanka Solar Park are available in the first edition of the whitepaper http://bit.ly/19IwHJO

Figure 2 - District-wise projects

Gujarat Solar Update 10 Sunrise in Gujarat

Solar Plant performance Sunrise in Gujarat

Solar Plant performance

The below sections aim to quantify the performance of power system. The formula for CUF is given below. the solar power plants set up in the state of Gujarat. For Capacity Utilisation Factor (CUF) =Energy measured (kWh) the purposes of evaluation, the generation data available / (365*24*installed capacity of the plant). from the Gujarat State Load Dispatch Centre (SLDC) has been used. Ranking of the power plants has been done While the Gujarat Energy Development Agency(GEDA) on the basis of the Plant Load Factor (PLF) or Capacity Uti- has shared a list of 77 commissioned projects totally 852 lization Factor (CUF). PLF or CUF is calculated as the ratio MW as of March 31,2013, the SLDC data is available only of actual energy generated (for a given period of time) for 62 projects totalling 832 MW. The list of projects for to the maximum (theoretical) possible generation of a which data is available is given below.

S.No. Project Name Plant Size(MW) Total Generation(MWh) Annual Generation per MW (MWh) 1 Aatash Power Pvt.Ltd 4.99 2267 454 2 ACME Solar Technology 15 25181 1679 3 AEL(Solar) 40.11 64332 1604 4 AES Solar Energy Gujarat pvt. Ltd 14.92 20896 1401 5 Alex Astral Power pvt.ltd 25.07 42531 1696 6 APCA Power Pvt.Ltd 5 1236 247 7 Arvali Infrapower Ltd. 5 5529 1106 8 Astonfield Solar(Gujarat) Pvt.Ltd 11.51 4630 402 9 AZURE Power (Gujarat)pvt. Ltd 5 8079 1616 10 AZURE(Hariyana) 10.2 17402 1706 11 Backbone Enterprises Ltd. 5 8453 1691 12 CBC Solar Technologies Pvt.Ltd 10 14225 1423 13 Chattel Constructions Pvt.Ltd 25 9164 367 14 Dreisatz My Solar24 Pvt.Ltd. 14.99 7510 501 15 Emami Cement ltd 10.06 16310 1621 16 EMCO Ltd 5 7787 1557 17 ESP Urja pvt. Ltd. 5 8346 1669 18 Euro Solar Power Pvt. Ltd 5.12 2595 507 19 Ganeshvani Merchandise Pvt. Ltd 5.04 7242 1437 20 Gangesh Green Energy pvt.ltd 25.08 26947 1074 21 GHI Energy pvt. Ltd. 10 16336 1634 22 GIPCL 25 7627 305 23 GMDC 10 7930 793 24 GMR Gujarat solar power pvt.ltd 25 40984 1639 25 GPCL 5.01 7948 1586 26 GSPC Pipavav Power Company ltd. 5 8570 1714 27 Green Infra Solar Energy Ltd. 10 17012 1701 28 Hiraco Renewable Energy pvt.ltd 20.11 29568 1470 29 ICML 9 14802 1645

Solar Plant Performance 12 Sunrise in Gujarat

S.No. Project Name Plant Size(MW) Total Generation(MWh) Annual Generation per MW 30 Jaihind Project 5 6879 1376 31 Konark Gujarat PV pvt. Ltd 5 9361 1872 32 LANCO(BHRD) 5 7821 1564 33 Lanco Infratech ltd. 15.01 20433 1361 34 LANCO(Chandiyana) 15.01 19096 1272 35 Louroux Bio Energies Ltd. 25 37677 1507 36 MI MySolar24 (P) Ltd, 14.99 6940 463 37 Millenium Synergy(Gujarat) pvt.Ltd 9.27 16871 1820 38 Mono Steel(India) ltd 10 18644 1864 39 Moser Baer Energy & Development ltd 15.02 24457 1628 40 NKG Infrastructure ltd 10 17310 1731 41 Palace Solar Energy pvt.ltd 15 26174 1745 42 PLG Photovoltic Ltd 20 33140 1657 43 Precious Energy Services pvt.Ltd 15.2 24720 1626 44 Responsive SUTIP Ltd 25 9491 380 45 Roha Dyechem pvt.ltd 25.04 42899 1713 46 S J Green Park Energy Pvt.Ltd 5.12 2800 547 47 Sand Land Real Estate pvt.ltd 25 40061 1602 48 SEI Solar Power Gujarat pvt.ltd 25 42416 1697 49 Solar Semiconductor Power Company 20 26205 1310 50 Solarfield Energy Pvt. Ltd. 20.06 33948 1692 51 Solitaire Energies pvt.Ltd. 15 24100 1607 52 Sun Clean Renewable pvt.ltd 6 10342 1724 53 SunBorne Energy Gujarat One Pvt.Ltd 15 19418 1295 54 Sunkon Energy Pvt.ltd 10 10008 1001 55 Surana Telecom & Power ltd. 5 7915 1583 56 TATA Power Reneable Energy Ltd. 25 43393 1736 57 Unity Power 5 9329 1866 58 Visual Percept Solar Projects pvt.Ltd. 25 38359 1534 59 WAA Solar pvt.Ltd. 10.22 18462 1806 60 Welspun Urja Gujarat pvt. Ltd. 15 25459 1697 61 Yantra eSolar India Pvt.ltd 4.95 3217 650 62 ZF Steering Gear (India) pvt.ltd 5 8599 1720 Total 832.1

Table 1– Generation(MWh) for the period April 2012-March 2013

Ranking of Plants operational for at least 1 Year(Overall) : The energy yield of a plant will depend on several factors, the energy yield and does not consider the inputs param- including type of modules, inverters and other compo- eters like design optimisation, components used or build nents, usage of tracking systems, design optimization and quality. build quality. The ranking given below is based on only

Solar Plant Performance 13 Sunrise in Gujarat

Rank Developer Capac- Total Gener- Normalized CUF Module Type Module Make Inverter Tilt EPC ity ation (MWh) (MWh per Make (MW) MW per Year) 1 Konark Gujarat PV Pvt. Ltd. 5 9361.009 1872.2018 21.3% Crystalline Si Vikram Solar AEG Seasonal Tilt Vikram Solar 2 Unity Power 5 9328.561 1865.7122 21.2% Thin Film Solar Frontier Power One Fixed Tilt Enfinity 3 Mono Steel (india) Ltd 10 18644.292 1864.4292 21.2% Crystalline Si Waaree Power One Seasonal Tilt Waaree 4 WAA Solar Pvt.Ltd 10.22 18461.595 1806.418297 20.6% Thin Film First Solar SMA Not Available Madhav Power 5 Palace Solar Energy Pvt. Ltd. 15 26173.722 1744.9148 19.9% Crystalline Si Candian Solar Power One Seasonal Tilt Etain - immodo 6 TATA Power Renewable Energy Ltd. 25 43393.098 1735.72392 19.8% Crystalline Si Tata, Canadian Solar ABB Not Available Tata 7 NKG infrastructure Ltd. 10 17310.26 1731.026 19.7% Crystalline Si Solar World Delta (String) PPS Enviro Power 8 Sun Clean Renewable Pvt. Ltd. 6 10341.53 1723.588333 19.6% Thin Film Sharp Power-one Fixed Tilt L&T 9 ZF Steering Gear (India) Pvt. Ltd. 5 8598.95 1719.79 19.6% Thin Film N/A 10 Roha Dyechem Pvt. Ltd 25 42898.65 1715.946 19.5% Thin Film Nexpower Satcon Fixed Tilt Wipro Eco Energy 11 Gppc Pipavav Power Company Ltd. 5 8570.004 1714.0008 19.5% Crystalline Si Suntech Bonfiglioli Fixed Tilt Lanco 12 AZURE (Hariyana) 10.2 17401.797 1706.058529 19.4% Crystalline Si Suntech Self 13 Alex Astral Power Pvt. Ltd 25 42530.899 1701.23596 19.4% Thin Film First Solar SMA Cirus Solar 14 Green Infra Solar Energy Ltd. 10 17012.341 1701.2341 19.4% Thin Film First Solar SMA Fixed Tilt Juwi 15 Solarfield Energy Pvt. Ltd. 20 33948.276 1697.4138 19.3% Thin Film Sharp Sharp Fixed Tilt L&T 16 Welspun Urja Gujarat Pvt. Ltd. 15 25458.575 1697.238333 19.3% Thin Film First Solar SMA Fixed Tilt Conergy (Sun Technics) 17 SEI Solar Power Gujarat Pvt. Ltd. 25 42415.609 1696.62436 19.3% Crystalline Si Chin/Trina Power One Fixed Tilt L&T 18 BACKBONE Enterprises Ltd. 5 8452.757 1690.5514 19.2% Thin Film Nexpower Siemens Not Available Self 19 Millenium Synergy (Gujarat) Pvt. Ltd. 10 16870.807 1687.0807 19.2% Crystalline Si Trina SMA Single Axis L&T 20 ACME Solar Technology 15 25180.906 1678.727067 19.1% Thin Film First Solar ABB Fixed Tilt M+W 21 ESP Urja Pvt. Ltd. 5 8345.851 1669.1702 19.0% Thin Film Sharp SMA 22 PLG Photovoltic Ltd. 20 33140.469 1657.02345 18.9% Crystalline Si PLG / Kyocera Power One Fixed Tilt Zamil Group 23 ICML 9 14802.466 1644.718444 18.7% Crystalline Si LDK IDS 24 GMR Gujarat Solar Power Pvt. Ltd. 25 40983.17 1639.35268 18.7% C-Si Canadian Solar SMA Fixed Tilt Indu Project (Cirus)

Solar Plant Performance 14 Sunrise in Gujarat

Rank Developer Capac- Total Gener- Normalized CUF Module Type Module Make Inverter Tilt EPC ity ation (MWh) (MWh per Make (MW) MW per Year) 25 GHI Energy Pvt. Ltd. 10 16336.161 1633.6161 18.6% Crystalline Si Suntech 26 Emami Cement Ltd 10 16310.494 1631.0494 18.6% C-Si TATA BP ABB Fixed Tilt Tata BP 27 Moser Baer Energy & Development Ltd. 15 24456.697 1630.446467 18.6% Thin Film First Solar, SMA Not Available Moser Baer Moserbaer, Oupont

28 Precious Energy Services Pvt. Ltd. 15.2 24719.672 1626.294211 18.5% Thin Film First Solar, SMA Not Available Moser Baer Moserbaer, Oupont 29 Azure Power (Gujarat) Pvt. Ltd. 5 8078.944 1615.7888 18.4% Thin Film First Solar SMA / Power Not Available on 30 AEL(Solar) - Adani 40 64331.765 1608.294125 18.3% Thin Film Sunwell / Sunner Well SMA Fixed Tilt Aries Waaree 31 Solitaire Energies Pvt. Ltd. 15 24100.389 1606.6926 18.3% Thin Film First Solar, Moserbaer N/A Not Available Moser Baer 32 Sand Land Real Estate Pvt. Ltd. 25 40061.177 1602.44708 18.2% Thin Film First Solar SMA Fixed Tilt Moser Baer 33 GPCL 5 7947.638 1589.5276 18.1% c-Si C-Sun 34 GMDC 5 7930.4 1586.08 18.1% Crystalline Si Tata BP Power One Fixed Tilt Tata BP 35 Surana Telecom & Power Ltd. 5 7914.732 1582.9464 18.0% c-Si Surana AEG Fixed Tilt Self 36 LANCO (BHRD) 5 7821.247 1564.2494 17.8% Crystalline Si N/A Hellos Systems Lanco 37 EMCO Ltd 5 7787.114 1557.4228 17.7% Crystalline Si Trina Ingeteam 38 Visual Percept Solar Projects Pvt. Ltd. 25 38359.028 1534.36112 17.5% Crystalline Si Hanwha Solarone Power One Fixed Tilt Sterling and Wilson 39 GIPCL 5 7626.817 1525.3634 17.4% Crystalline Si Titan ABB 40 Louroux Bio Energies Ltd. 25 37676.577 1507.06308 17.2% Thin Film Tianwel and Sungen Siemens Fixed Tilt Inspira Martifer 41 Hiraco Renewable Energy Pvt. Ltd. 20 29567.821 1478.39105 16.8% Crystalline Si Hanwha Solarone SMA Fixed Tilt Moser Baer 42 Ganeshvani Merchandise Pvt. Ltd. 5 7241.912 1448.3824 16.5% Crystalline Si Trina Bonfiglioli Fixed Tilt Insolare Energy Pvt. Ltd. 43 CBC Solar Technologies Pvt. Ltd 10 14225.313 1422.5313 16.2% Crystalline Si Trina Bonfiglioli Not Available Moser Baer 44 AES Solar Energy Gujarat Pvt. Ltd 14.92 20896.17 1400.544035 15.9% Thin Film First Solar Power Oner Fixed Tilt Enfinity 45 Jaihind Project 5 6878.733 1375.7466 15.7% Crystalline Si Nantong Helofax Fixed Tilt Self 46 Lanco infratech ltd. 15.01 20432.741 1361.275217 15.5% Crystalline Si C-Sun Bonfiglioli Fixed Tilt Self 47 Solar Semiconductor Power Company 20 26205.372 1310.2686 14.9% Thin Film Sunwell Santerno Fixed Tilt Self

Solar Plant Performance 15 Sunrise in Gujarat

Rank Developer Capac- Total Gener- Normalized CUF Module Type Module Make Inverter Tilt EPC ity ation (MWh) (MWh per Make (MW) MW per Year) 48 Lanco (Chandiyana) 15.01 19096.039 1272.221119 14.5% Crystalline Si Trina / Dupont / CSUN Bonfiglioli, Elt Fixed Tilt Self and Thin Film ek, REFUSol 49 Arvali Infapower ltd. 5 5529.347 1105.8694 12.6% Crystalline Si LDK Eltek Fixed Tilt Moser Baer 50 Gangesh Green Energy Pvt. Ltd. 25.08 26947.408 1074.458054 12.2% Thin Film First Solar SMA Fixed Tilt Not Available Total 665.64 (Note : Plants operational in the Charanka Solar Park are highlighted in yellow) Table 2 – April 2012-March 2013

From the above list, it can be seen that Konark Gujarat PV Pvt Limitedcomes first A word of caution here – the ranking above is not an indicator of how good or overall, and it narrowly edges it nearest rival, possibly due to its seasonal tilt bad a component or EPC is. For example, plant using First Solar modules are mechanism. among the top ranking projects and low ranking projects. Similarly, some of the projects executed by L&T are among the top as well as in the middle. The CUF will Among plants with fixed tilt mounting structures, Unity Power (Welspun) is the depend on some more factors like build quality, Balance of Systems used(cables, number 1, with a CUF of 21.2%. structures, etc) and design optimization.

Ranking of Plants operational for at least 1 Year (Charanka Solar Park)

Rank Developer Capac- Total Gener- Normalized CUF Module Type Module Make Inverter Tilt EPC ity ation (MWh) (MWh per Make (MW) MW per Year) 1 Palace Solar Energy Pvt. Ltd 15 26173.72 1744.9148 19.9% Crystalline Si Candian Solar Power One Seasonal Tilt Etain - Immodo

2 NKG Infrastructure Ltd 10 17310.26 1731.026 19.7% Crystalline Si Solarworld Delta (String) PPS Enviro Power 3 Sun Clean Renewable Pvt. Ltd. 6 10341.53 1723.588333 19.6% Thin Film Sharp Power - One Fixed Tilt L&T 4 ZF Steering Gear (india) Pvt. Ltd. 5 8598.95 1719.79 19.6% Thin Film N/A

Solar Plant Performance 16 Sunrise in Gujarat

Rank Developer Capac- Total Gener- Normalized CUF Module Type Module Make Inverter Tilt EPC ity ation (MWh) (MWh per Make (MW) MW per Year) 5 Roha Dyechem Pvt. Ltd. 25 42898.65 1715.946 19.5% Thin Film Nexpower Satcon Fixed Tilt Wipro Eco Energy 6 GPPC Pipavav Power Company Ltd. 5 8570.004 1714.0008 19.5% Crystalline Si Suntech Bonfiglioli Fixed Tilt Lanco 7 Alex Astral Power Pvt. Lt.d 25 42530.899 1701.23596 19.4% Thin Film First Solar SMA Cirus Solar 8 Solarfield Energy Pvt. Ltd. 20 33948.276 1697.4138 19.3% Thin Film Sharp Sharp Fixed Tilt L&T 9 SEI Solar Power Gujarat Pvt. Ltd. 25 42415.609 1696.62436 19.3% Crystalline Si Chint/Trina Power One Fixed Tilt L&T 10 GMR Gujarat Solar Power Pvt. Ltd. 25 40983.817 1639.35268 18.7% c-Si Canadian Solar SMA Fixed Tilt Indu Project (Cirus) 11 Emami Cement Ltd 10 16310.494 1631.0494 18.6% c-Si TATA BP ABB Fixed Tilt TATA BP 12 GPCL 5 7947.638 1589.5276 18.1% c-Si C-Sun 13 Surana Telecom & Power Ltd 5 7914.732 1582.9464 18.0% c-Si Surana AEG Fixed Tilt Self 14 AES Solar Energy Gujarat Pvt. Ltd. 14.92 20896.117 1400.544035 15.9% Thin Slim First Solar Power One Fixed Tilt Enfinity 15 Lanco Infratech Ltd. 15.01 20432. 1448.3824 16.5% Crystalline Si C-Sun Bonfiglioli Fixed Tilt Self Total 210.93

Table 3 – Ranking of Plants operational for at least 1 Year (Charanka Solar Park)

In case of Charanka, Palace Solar has the highest CUF, very closely followed by NKG Infrastructure and Sun Clean Renewables.

Ranking of Plants operational for at least 1 Year (Outside Charanka Solar Park)

2 Unity Power 5 9328.561 1865.7122 21.2% Thin Film Solar Frontier Power One Fixed Tilt Enfinity 3 Mono Steel (india) Ltd. 10 18644.292 1864.4292 21.2% Crystalline Si Waaree Power One Seasonal Tilt Waaree 4 WAA Solar Pvt. Ltd. 10.22 18461.595 1806.418297 20.6% Thin Film First Solar SMA Not Available Madhav Power

Solar Plant Performance 17 Sunrise in Gujarat

Rank Developer Capac- Total Gener- Normalized CUF Module Type Module Make Inverter Tilt EPC ity ation (MWh) (MWh per Make (MW) MW per Year) 5 TATA Power Renewable Energy Ltd. 25 43393.098 1735.72392 19.8% Crystalline Si Tata, Canadian Solar ABB Not Avaliable Tata 6 Azure (Hariyana) 10.2 17401.797 1706.058529 19.4% Crystalline Si Suntech Self 7 Green Infra Solar Energy Ltd. 10 17012.341 1701.2341 19.4% Thin Film First Solar SMA Fixed Tilt Juwi 8 Welspun Urja Gujarat Pvt. Ltd. 15 25458.575 1697.238333 19.3% Thin Film First Solar SMA Fixed Tilt Conergy (Sun Technics) 9 BACKBONE Enterprises Ltd. 5 8452.757 1690.5514 19.2% Thin Film Nex Power Siemens Not Available Self 10 Millenium Synergy (Gujarat) pvt.Ltd. 10 16870.807 1687.0807 19.2% Crystalline Si Trina SMA Single Axis L&T 11 ACME Solar Technology 15 25180.906 1678.727067 19.1% Thin Film First Solar ABB Fixed Tilt M+W 12 ESP Urja Pvt. Ltd. 5 8345.851 1669.1702 19.0% Thin Film Sharp SMA 13 PLG Photovoltic Ltd. 20 33140.469 1657.02345 18.9% Crystalline Si PLG / Kyocera Power One Fixed Tilt Zamil Group 14 ICML 9 14802.466 1644.718444 18.7% Crystalline Si LDK IDS 15 GHI Energy Pvt. Ltd. 10 16336.161 1633.6161 18.6% Crystalline Si Suntech 16 Moser Baer Energy & Development Ltd 15 24456.697 1630.446467 18.6% Thin Film First Solar, Mose- SMA Not Available Moser Bear baer, Dupont 17 Precious Energy Services Pvt. Ltd. 15.2 24719.672 1626.294211 18.5% Thin Film First Solar, Mose- SMA Not Available Moser Bear baer, Dupont 18 Azure Power (Gujarat) Pvt. Ltd. 5 8078.944 1615.7888 18.4% Thin Film First Solar SMA / Power On Not Available 19 AEL (Solar) - Adani 40 64331.765 1608.294125 18.3% Thin Film Sunwell/ Sunner Wel SMA Fixed Tilt Aries Waaree 20 Solitarire Energy Pvt. Ltd. 15 24100.389 1606.6926 18.3% Thin Film First Solar, Moserbaer N/A Not Available Moser Baer 21 Sand Land Real Estate Pvt. Ltd. 25 40061.177 1602.44708 18.2% Thin Film First Solar SMA Fixed Tilt Moser Baer 22 GMDC 5 7930.4 1586.08 18.1% Crystalline Si Tata BP Power One Fixed Tilt Tata BP 23 LANCO(BHRD) 5 7821.247 1564.2494 17.8% Crystalline Si N/A Hellios System Lanco 24 EMCO Ltd. 5 7787.114 1557.4228 17.7% Crystalline Si Trina Ingeteam 25 Visual Percept Solar Projects Pvt. Ltd. 25 38359.028 1534.36112 17.5% Crystalline Si Hanwha Solarone Power One Fixed Tilt Sterling and Wilson 26 GIPCL 5 7626.817 1525.3634 17.4% Crystalline Si Titan ABB 27 Louroux Bio Energies Ltd. 25 37676.577 1507.06308 17.2% Thin Film Tianwei and Sungen Siemens Fixed Tilt Inspira Martifier 28 Hiraco Renewable Energy Pvt. Ltd. 20 29567.821 1478.39105 16.8% Crystalline Si Hanwha Solarone SMA Fixed Tilt Moser Baer

Solar Plant Performance 18 Sunrise in Gujarat

Rank Developer Capac- Total Gener- Normalized CUF Module Type Module Make Inverter Tilt EPC ity ation (MWh) (MWh per Make (MW) MW per Year) 29 Ganeshvani Merchandise Pvt. Ltd. 5 7241.912 1448.3824 16.5% Crystalline Si Trina Bonfiglioli Fixed Tilt Insolare Energy Pvt. Ltd. 30 CBC Solar Technologies Pvt.Ltd. 10 14225.313 1422.5313 16.2% Crystalline Si Trina Bonfiglioli Not Available Moser Baer 31 Jaihind Project 5 6878.733 1375.7466 15.7% Crystalline Si Nantong Helofax Fixed Tilt Self 32 Solar Semiconductor Power Company 20 26205.372 1310.2686 14.9% Thin Film Sunwell Santerno Fixed Tilt Not Available 33 Lanco (Chandiyana) 15.01 19096.039 1272.22119 14.5% Crystalline Si Trina/Dupont/ Bonfiglioli, Fixed Tilt Self and Thin Film CSUN Eltek, REFUSOL 34 Arvali infrapower Ltd. 5 5529.347 1105.8694 12.6% Crystalline Si LDK Eltek Fixed Tilt Moser Baer 35 Gangesh Green Energy pvt. Ltd. 25.08 26947.408 1074.458054 12.2% Thin Film First Solar SMA Fixed Tilt Not Available Total 454.71

Table 4 – Ranking of Plants operational for at least 1 Year (Outside Charanka Solar Park)

Solar Plant Performance 19 Sunrise in Gujarat

Seasonal Characteristics

The seasonal variation graph represented below has been have been normalized to the total MWh generated per rendered using data from power plants which have com- MW of installed capacity. pleted one year of operation. All numbers in the graph

Figure 3 - Seasonal Performance(All Gujarat)

The plant with the best performance characteristics, M/s top ranking power plant. Konark Gujarat Pvt Ltd, had a peak monthly production The lowest generation is merely presented here to pro- of 189.95 MWh/MW in May 2012. Though this is not a vide a representation of the lowest performance and characteristic of all the plants in the sample set, a vast should not be treated as the general performance of majority had peak production that fell in one of three power plants in Gujarat. It can be clearly seen that the av- months – March, April or May. The highest individual erage performance closely follows the generation charac- peak generation recorded was 216.39 MWh/MW by M/s teristic of the best performing power plant in the sample Backbone Enterprises Ltd in the month of May 2012 but set. The average annual performance is estimated to be the annual production of this plant was lower than the 1581.78 MWh/MW.

Solar Plant performance 20 Sunrise in Gujarat

Seasonal Characteristics – Charanka

The seasonal variation for plants in Charanka is presented below.

Figure 4 - Seasonal Performance - Charanka

The performance of the highest rated power plant can (India) pvt. ltd. be taken as representative of the performance of all the Interestingly, though the plant with the lowest CUF (M/s power plants in the Charanka solar park as the difference Lanco Infratech Ltd) produced significantly lower output between the average value and the highest generation in the first few months of operation, the yield caught up is minimal. Peak power output from the solar park was during the latter part of the year indicating that the plant produced in the month of May as opposed to the three was experiencing teething issues. It is likely that when month spread seen in the above scenario. Additionally, a the data for the next year is compiled, the lowest per- secondary peak is seen in the month of October which is formance numbers would be more in line with the aver- slightly lower than the production numbers in May. The age and that the degree of variation between the highest best performing power plant, M/s Palace Solar Energy and lowest numbers would be minimal. The average yield pvt. Ltd., had a peak generation of 172.63 MWh/MW year is estimated to be about 1643.28 MWh/MW which is in the month of March 2013 while the highest recorded comparatively higher than the average yield seen across generation for a given month is 179.76 MWh/MW also the state of Gujarat (non-Charanka average). generated in the same month by M/s ZF Steering Gear

Solar Plant performance 21 Sunrise in Gujarat

Crystalline Silicon vs. Thin Film Technologies

To identify the difference the choice of the module makes, park has an almost even distribution between c-Si and TF we looked at the performance of power plants within the installed capacity. While analysing the results, it can be same region (only plants in the Charanka Solar Park were seen that the TF modules perform marginally better than chosen) so as to minimize the variations that may be at- the c-Si modules with an average performance advantage tributed to external factors such as irradiation conditions, of about 0.4%. grid availability etc. In addition to this, the Charanka solar

Figure 5 - Annual Generation and CUF (c-Si vs TF)

Looking at the seasonal variation characteristics of the months (Dec to February) which can be attributed to the plants (refer image below), it is easy to spot the differ- lower temperature derating coefficient of TF modules ence. Plants using TF modules have higher generation compared to c-Si modules (which have a comparatively than plants using c-Si modules in hotter months (April to higher temperature coefficient). July) while c-Si modules have higher generation in colder

Solar Plant performance 22 Sunrise in Gujarat

Figure 6 - Monthly Variation (c-Si vs TF)

We would however like to emphasise that the data is not sufficient enough to say one technology is better than the other.

String inverter vs. Central inverter

Continuing in the similar vein of the TF vs c-Si discussion, of the solitary string inverter plant. The only real obser- we did a brief analysis of the performance of string in- vation which can be made from this comparison is that verters compared to central inverters. It should be noted the string inverters offer better performance in the win- that the sample set available for string inverters is mini- ter as opposed to central inverters which can be attrib- mal and limited to just one in the Charanka solar park. uted to the fact that the solar park using string inverters has more MPPTs and hence a better MPPT window when With this in mind, the average performance of the top compared to plants using central inverters. central inverter plants was compared to the performance

Solar Plant performance 23 Sunrise in Gujarat

Figure 7 - String Vs Central Inverter

Solar Plant performance 24 Sunrise in Gujarat

Conclusion Sunrise in Gujarat

Conclusion

Of the 50 plants for which performance data is available for at least one year, the annual Capacity Utilisation Factor(CUF) for 70% of the plants is above 18%. The top 3 plants had CUFs of more than 21%. In case of Charanka Solar Park, most of the plants have annual CUF of more than 18%.

One very interesting insight that can be drawn from the performance ranking is that the right component selection is a necessary, but not sufficient condition for the optimal performance of a plant. For example, one of the plants using First Solar modules and SMA inverters has a CUF of 20.6%(WAA Solar Pvt. Ltd) , but another plant using the same combina- tion of First Solar modules and SMA inverters has a CUF of 12.2%(Gangesh Green Energy Pvt Ltd). One inference that could be drawn is that a developer should pay equal attention to the selection of the Balance of system components, ensure design optimisation and select the right EPC contractors who can ensure build quality and high plant uptimes.

Another aspect that could have an impact on the plant CUFs is the Operation and Maintenance (O&M) of the plants. A plant that has a very good performance monitoring system(remote monitoring or local SCADA) and is well maintained will obviously lead to higher generation.

In terms of PV module technology selection, the difference in plant performance of crystalline Silicon and Thin Film technologies has been found to be very minor. In order to draw any conclusion, we will have to wait for longer term performance of the plants and also get additional plant information like plant design, BOS components used, O&M practices, among others.

The Central vs String Inverter debate is also inconclusive since we could compare the performance of only 2 plants, each using one of the inverter topologies(Central or string).

To conclude, the plant performance data made available by the State of Gujarat has been providing some very valu- able insights into the PV plant performance which will help increase the confidence of the investor community on the technical aspects of the solar PV plant. It also helps other states in the formulation and execution of their policy and regulations.

Conclusion 26 Sunrise in Gujarat

Annexure A - Details of Solar Power Project Developers who have signed PPA

Table 5 - Project developers in Gujarat SI.No. Name MW

1 Aatash Power Pvt Ltd 5 2 Abellon Cleanenergy Limited 3 3 ACME Tele power Ltd 15 4 Adani Power Ltd 40 5 AES Solar Energy Gujarat Pvt Ltd 15 6 Alex Astral Power Pvt Ltd 25 7 Ambit Advisory Services Pvt Ltd 5 8 APCA Power Private Limited 5 9 Aravali Infrapower Limited 5 10 Astonfield Renewable Resources 11.5 11 Avatar Solar 5 12 Azure Power (Gujarat) Pvt Ltd 5 13 Azure Power (Haryana) Pvt Ltd 10 14 Backbone Enterprises Limited 5 15 Cargo Motors (Tata) 25 16 Claris LifeScience Ltd 2 17 Common Wealth Business Technologies 10 18 Corner Stone Energy Pvt Ltd 5 19 Driesatz My Solar 15 20 EI Technologies Pvt. Ltd 1 21 Emami Cement Limited 10 22 EMCO Limited 5 23 ESP Urja 5 24 Essar Power Limited 1 25 Euro Solar Private Ltd 5 26 Ganeshvani Merchandise Private Limited 5 27 Ganges Green Energy Private Limited 25 28 GHI Energy Private Limited 10 29 GMR Gujarat Solar Power Pvt. Ltd 25 30 Green Infra Solar Energy Limited 10 31 GSPC Pipavav Power Company Limited 5 32 Gujarat Industries Power Company Limited 5 33 Gujarat Mineral Development Corporation Limited 5 34 Gujarat Power Corporation Limited 5 35 Harsha Engineers Limited 1 36 Hiraco Renewable Energy Pvt Ltd 20 37 India Solar Ray Power Private Limited 10

Annexure A 27 Sunrise in Gujarat

SI.No. Name MW

38 Industrial Power Infrastructure Limited 25 39 Inspira Solar (Palace) 15 40 Integrated Coal Mining Limited 9 41 Jaihind Projects Limited 5 42 Kemrock Industries and Exports Limited 10 43 Kiran Energy Solar Power Private Limited 20 44 Konark Gujarat PV Pvt. Limited 5 45 Lanco Infratech Ltd 5 46 Lanco Infratech Ltd 15 47 Lanco Infratech Ltd 15 48 Louroux Bio Energies Limited[72] 25 49 MBH Power Private Limited 1 50 Mi My Solar 15 51 Millenium Synergy (Gujarat) Private Limited 10 52 Monnet Ispat & Energy Limited 25 53 Mono Steel (India) Ltd. 10 54 Moser Baer Energy & Development Ltd 15 55 NKG Infrastructure Limited 10 56 PLG Power Ltd 40 57 Precious Energy Services Pvt Ltd 15 58 Rajesh Power Services Private Limited 1 59 Rasna Marketing Services LLP 1 60 Responsive Sutip Limited 25 61 Roha Energy Private Limited 25 62 S J Green Park Energy Private Limited 5 63 Sand Land Real Estates Pvt Ltd 25 64 Saumya Construction Pvt Ltd 2 65 Solar Semiconductor Pvt Ltd 20 66 Solitaire Energies Pvt Ltd 15 67 Som Shiva Impex Limited 1 68 Sun Edison Energy India Private Limited 25 69 SunBorne Energy[87] 15 70 SunClean Renewable Power Pvt. Ltd. 25 71 Sunkon Energy Pvt Ltd 10 72 Surana Telecom & Power Limited 5 73 Tatith Energy 5 74 Taxus infrastructure & Power Project Pvt Ltd 5 75 Toss Financial Services Pvt Ltd 2 76 Ujjawala Power Pvt Ltd 25 77 Unity Power Pvt Ltd 5 78 Universal Solar System 2

Annexure A 28 Sunrise in Gujarat

SI.No. Name MW

79 Visual Percept Solar Projects Private Limited 25 80 WAA Solar Pvt Ltd 10 81 Welspun Urja India Limited 15 82 Yantra eSolarIndia Private Limited 5 83 Zeba Solar Gujarat Pvt Ltd 10 84 ZF Steering Gear (India) Limited 5 Total 968.5

(Source: Gujarat Energy Development Agency – GEDA)

Annexure A 29 Sunrise in Gujarat

Annexure B - Gujarat commissioning status

The commissioning of these projects as of 31 March 2013 is given below.

Table 6 - Solar plants in Gujarat

Sr. No Company Name District Allotted(MW) Commissioned (MW) 1 Aatash Power Pvt. Ltd. Sabarkantha 5 4.99 2 Abellon CleanEnergy Ltd. Sabarkantha 3 3 3 ACME Solar Technologies (Gujarat) Pvt. Ltd. Anand 15 15 4 Adani Enterprises Ltd. Kutch 40 40.11 5 AES Solar Energy Gujarat Pvt. Ltd. Patan 15 14.92 6 Alex Astral Power Pvt. ltd. Patan 25 25.07 7 APCA Power Pvt. Ltd. Rajkot 5 5 8 Aravali Infrapower Ltd. Rajkot 5 5 9 Astonfield Solar (Gujarat) Private Limited Patan 11.5 11.51 10 Avtar Solar Power Pvt Ltd Patan 5 4.98 11 Azure Power (Gujarat) Pvt. Ltd. Surendranagar 5 5 12 Azure Power (Haryana) Pvt. Ltd. Sabarkantha 10 10.21 13 Backbone Enterprises Ltd. Kutch 5 5 14 CBC Solar Technologies Pvt. Ltd. Rajkot 10 10 15 Chattel Constructions Private Ltd. Surendranagar 25 25.04 16 Claris Lifesciences Ltd. Sabarkantha 2 1.99 17 Dreisatz MySolar24 (P) Ltd. Surendranagar 15 14.99 18 EI Technologies Pvt. Ltd. Patan 1 1 19 Emami Cement Ltd. Patan 10 10.06 20 EMCO Ltd. Surendranagar 5 5 21 ESP Urja Pvt. Ltd. Surendranagar 5 5 22 Essar Power Ltd. Kutch 1 1 23 Euro Solar Power Pvt Ltd, Kutch 5 5.12 24 Ganeshvani Merchandise Pvt Ltd Rajkot 5 5.04 25 Ganges Green Energy Pvt Ltd. Rajkot 25 25.08 26 GHI Energy Pvt. Ltd. (SPV of Refex) Porbandar 10 10 27 GMR Gujarat Solar Power Pvt. Ltd. Patan 25 25 28 Green Infra Solar Energy Ltd. Rajkot 10 10 29 GSPC Pipavav Power Company Limited Patan 5 5 30 Gujarat Industries Power Company Ltd. Surat 5 5.01 31 Gujarat Mineral Development Company Ltd. Kutch 5 5 32 Gujarat Power Corporation Ltd. Patan 5 5 33 Gujarat State Electricity Corporation Ltd.-Canal Ahmedabad 1 1.01 34 Gujarat State Electricity Corporation Ltd.-TPS Gandhinagar 1 1

Annexure B 30 Sunrise in Gujarat

Sr. No Company Name District Allotted(MW) Commissioned (MW) 35 Harsha Engineers Ltd. Anand 1 1 36 Hiraco Renewable Energy Pvt. Ltd. Porbandar 20 20.11 37 Integrated Coal Mining Ltd. Kutch 9 9 38 Jaihind Projects Ltd. Patan 5 5 39 Konark Gujarat PV Pvt. Ltd. Kutch 5 5 40 Lanco Infratech Ltd Patan 5 5 41 Lanco Infratech Ltd Patan 15 15.01 42 Lanco Infratech Ltd Patan 15 15.01 43 Louroux Bio Energies Ltd. Surendranagar 25 25 44 MBH Power Pvt. Ltd. Bharuch 1 1 45 MI MySolar24 (P) Ltd, Surendranagar 15 14.99 46 Millennium Synergy (Gujarat) Pvt. Ltd. Surendranagar 10 9.27 47 Mono Steel (India) Ltd. Junagadh 10 10 48 Moserbaer Energy & Development Ltd. Porbandar 15 15.02 49 NKG Infrastructure Ltd. Patan 10 10 50 Palace Solar Energy Pvt. Ltd. Patan 15 15 51 Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University Gandhinagar 1 1 52 PLG Photovoltaics Ltd Patan 20 20 53 Precious Energy Services Pvt. Ltd. Banaskantha 15 15.2 54 Rajesh Power Services Pvt. Ltd. Surendranagar 1 1 55 Rasna Marketing Services LLP Surendranagar 1 1 56 Responsive sutip ltd. Surendranagar 25 25.06 57 Roha Dyechem Pvt. Ltd. Patan 25 25.04 58 S J Green Park Energy Pvt. Ltd Surendranagar 5 5.12 59 Sandland Real Estate Pvt. Ltd. Banaskantha 25 25 60 SEI Solar Power Gujarat Pvt. Ltd. Patan 25 25.01 61 Solar Semiconductor Power Company ( India) Pvt Ltd Kutch 20 20 62 Solarfield Energy Private Limited Patan 20 20.06 63 Solitaire Energies Pvt. Ltd. Banaskantha 15 15.01 64 Som Shiva (Impex) ltd. Surendranagar 1 1 65 Sun Clean Renewable Power Pvt. Ltd. Patan 25 6 66 Sunborne Energy Gujarat One Pvt.Ltd. Kutch 15 15 67 Sunkon Energy Pvt. Ltd. Amreli 10 10 68 Surana Telecom & Power Ltd. Patan 5 5 69 TATA Power Renewable Energy Ltd. Jamnagar 25 25 70 Ujjawala Power Pvt Ltd Surendranagar 25 23.06 71 Unity Power Private Ltd. Kutch 5 5 72 Universal Solar System Patan 2 2 73 Visual Percept Solar Projects Pvt. Ltd. Surendranagar 25 25

Annexure B 31 Sunrise in Gujarat

Sr. No Company Name District Allotted(MW) Commissioned (MW) 74 Waa Solar Pvt. Ltd. Surendranagar 10 10.25 75 Welspun Urja Gujarat Pvt. Ltd. Kutch 15 15.01 76 Yantra eSolar India Pvt. Ltd. Patan 5 4.95 77 ZF Steering Gear(India) Pvt. Ltd. Patan 5 5 872.5 852.31

Annexure B 32 Contact Us

For comments, feedbacks and suggestions, please contact the authors of this report

Hari Manoharan – [email protected] About us Madhavan Nampoothiri – [email protected]

RESolve Energy Consultants is a renewable energy advisory firm based in Chennai, India. RESolve has advised clients across the entire PV value chain – PV manufacturing, Balance of Systems, Project development. RESolve has also assisted North American and European companies in their market entry to the Indian olar sector. More details about the company can be found at www.re-solve.in

For comments, feedbacks and suggestions, please contact the authors Hari Manoharan – [email protected] Madhavan Nampoothiri – [email protected]

Disclaimer

The authors have taken the best care to ensure correctness and accuracy of the data presented in this research work. However in the unlikely event of any discrepancy, you are requested to kindly bring it to their notice.

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