THE MEGACHILINE BEES of CALIFORNIA (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)

Home , Anthophora, Ashmeadiella, Chaenactis glabriuscula, Chelostoma, Chelostomoides, Heriades

BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY VOLUME 3

THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)

BY PAUL D. HURD, JR. (Department of Entomology and Parasitology, University of California, Berkeley) AND CHARLES D. MICHENER (Department of Entomology, University of Kansas, Lawrence)

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS BERKELEY AND LOS ANGELES 1955 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY Editors: E. G. Linsley, E. 0. Essie, S. B. Freeborn, R. L. Usinger Volume 3, pp. 1-248 Submitted by Editors, May 14, 1954 Issued May 31, 1955 Price $3.50

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS BERKELEY AND LOS ANGELES CALIFORNIA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON, ENGLAND

PRINTED BY OFFSET IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Contents

Introduction ...... 1

Bionomics ...... 1 Floral relationships ...... 2 Distribution ...... 2 Acknowledgments ...... 3

Systematics ...... 6 Family Megachilidae ...... 6

Phyletic relationships within the Megachilini ...... 8

Key to the Genera of Megachilini found in the Western Hemisphere ...... 10

Heriades ...... 11 Chelos toma ...... 24 Chelostomopsis ...... 37 Hoplitis ...... 44 Anthocopa ...... 94 Proteriades ...... Ashmeadiella ...... 153 Diceratosmia ...... 215 Osmia ...... 217 Megachile ...... 217 Coelioxys ...... 222

Literature Cited ...... 223

Index to the California Megachiline bees ...... 239

Index to the floral visitational records ...... 243 Introduction

This study is the result of an effort to provide sorts carried to the nest. These materials are usable keys, pertinent descriptive comments, and quite constant for each species but vary consid- detailed dam on distribution and floral visits of erably among the species and genera. Thus most certain of the megachiline bees found in the state Megachile use pieces of leaves, but some species of California. The genera Anthocopa, Ashmeadiella, use pebbles, mud, resin, and other materials in Chelostoma, Chelostomopsis, Diceratosmia, combination with leaves or without leaves. Most Hetiades, Hoplitis, Proteriades are treated in Hoplitis chew up the leaf fragments to make a detail, but the genera Coelioxys, Megachile, and pulp to form partitions between cells. Osmia are considered only to the subgeneric The cells may be placed in natural cavities level. The above mentioned genera are our rep- or in burrows constructed by the female bee in resentatives of the tribe Megachilini of the family advance of cell construction. They may be lined Megachilidae . on all sides by the foreign material brought for The genera which are treated in detail have this purpose, as is usual in Megachile, or only been the subject of special studies by one of partitions between cells may be constructed of us (Michener), who is largely responsible for the such material (as in Hoplitis), in which case the keys, discussions, and descriptive comments. The sides of the cell consist of the walls of the other author (Hurd) has assembled the distribu- burrow. tional and floral data, prepared the maps, and Situations in which nests of these bees are supervised much of the preparation of the manu- likely to occur include holes (often made by script for the press. beetles) in logs, pine cones, galls, and sticks; The terminology is essentially that utilized by burrows in pithy stems such as those of Rubus Michener (1944~)except that, in the light of and various weeds; and burrows or cavities in the newer studies of head structures in insects, the soil. Sometimes they make use of abandoned nests word frons is used instead of the complicated of other bees or wasps and, especially in Europe, term, "supraantennal area," and the segments of of abandoned snail shells. the metasoma (=second and following true abdomi- Each cell is provisioned with a mass of pollen nal segments) are numbered starting with one. and honey occupying the lower end of the cell, Thus the segment behind the first morphological and on top of this a single large, elongate, gently abdominal segment or propodeum is the first curved egg is laid. After hatching, the larva eats metasomal segment. As a result, the numbering downward through the pollen mass, generally of the segments corresponds to that most gener- growing rapidly and reaching maturity in less than ally used in taxonomic works on the Hymenoptera. two weeks. It then spins a cocoon consisting of two or more layers of silk, at least one of which Bionomics is impregnated with a solid brown material applied by the larva as a liquid. This substance fills the The bees of the genera discussed in this bulletin interstices in the silken sheet and probably makes are all solitary, that is, each female constructs the cocoon relatively airtight except for a small and provisions her own nest or nests; there is area of loose threads often projecting as a nipple no worker caste. Each nest consists of one to at one end of the cocoon. several cylindrical cells. As usual in the mega- After the cocoon is complete the larva may go chilids, but unlike most other bees, the cell into a resting stage, often called the prepupa, in walls are built of foreign materials of various which it remains for many months. Among the 2 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY genera considered in this study, most of the native bees have enabled us to evaluate more species that have but one generation per year properly the economy of these bees. As mentioned are in flight in the spring and reach the prepupal earlier, they are associated with the native stage before midsummer and remain in this stage floras; more particularly the majority are associ- through the rest of summer, fall, and winter, ated with the floras of the broad desert and emerging after a brief pupal stage in the spring. chaparral or scrub areas of the state. Other species (e+, Megachile brevis Cresson) The pollination of floras of such areas is have as many as four generations per year so that significant in connection with problems of range the prepupal resting stage is very short except management, watershed, and soil conservation. for the overwintering generation. As may be seen by reference to the floral listings, In many species males appear in flight before these native bees visit many of these econom- the females and disappear long before the females. ically important plants and therefore are likely Thus collections often consist entirely of one to be responsible for much pollination of them. sex or another, and proper association of sexes It is therefore advisable that in the planning and is often a problem. A number of species are still practice of the management programs, considera- known from only one sex. Mating usually occurs tion be given to perpetuation of these bee faunas. very soon after emergence of females. Considerable public interest has developed The above generalizations on the biology of in the appreciation and preservation of wild these bees are based on meager data concerning flowers within California. It is our obligation to few species. We urgently need exhaustive etho- society to contribute tangibly to a knowledge of logical and ecological studies of several species the ecology of these plants. It is apparent that in order to interpret better the comparative be- among the flowers visited by this group of bees havioral characteristics and in order to judge are many of the more aesthetically appreciated more intelligently the importance of these bees wild flower forms. As cross-pollination is often to man. important in the reproduction of such plants, it is likely that these bees play a significant role Floral Relationships in ensuring survival of these natural assets of the state. Many of the megachiline bees are probably important pollinators of native plants. Only in a few known instances, for example Dicerutosmia Distribution subfasciata, are they known to assume any role in the pollination of agriculturally importan Among the eight genera discussed in detail in crops. Even here, their role may be regarded as this paper, 124 species (144 species and sub- but incidental in relation to the principal economy species) are known or anticipated in California. of these bees. This is not especially surprising A few additional species represented by one or if we realize that the majority of megachiline a very few specimens occur within the state but bees are restricted in their pollen-collecting have not yet been described. A total of 116 habits to certain types of flowers, and sometimes named species is recognized at present from to the flowers of a particular family or even California. This is a surprisingly large propor- genus. It is probable that this floral selection tion of the 154 species of these genera known by the bees is operative in restricting them to from the entire Western Hemisphere. This is the native floras and, further, is responsible to partly owing to the fact that these genera are a large degree for accentuating the differences of northern distribution, several of them Holarc- among geographically differentiating faunas. It tic; no species in the eight genera concerned seems probable, because of the floral preferences, occurs in South America and only one or two in that this group of native bees is not likely to the tropical regions of Central America. It is contain many representatives which wiil assume possibly also owing in part to the origin of important roles in the pollination of agricultural certain genera in the Palearctic region, with crops of introduced origin. Conversely, it is evi- only certain species groups reaching North dent that purposeful introductions of bees for the America; these occur mostly along the Pacific pollination of such crops, if made, should be done Coast near the Alaskan area where they first with floral relationship in mind. reached chis hemisphere. A review of the floral records and a preliminary Most important, however, in explaining the analysis of the distribution of this group of large percentage of the American species occur- THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 3 ring in California is the ecological diversity of from boreal. The great number of species in the this state and especially the presence of the Californian (chaparral, oak-grassland) area is extensive desert areas of eastern and southern significant, as is the small number in the Great California. As has been explained earlier Valley. The small number of species in the Great 9 (Michener, 1944b), several genera or subgenera Basin Montane area may be owing to the small are principally boreal in distribution. Examples area concerned and to poor collecting, although are Alcidanea, Monumetha, and Atoposmia. These the almost equally limited Southern Californian are the groups most closely related to Palearctic Montane has many more species. The North Coast relatives. Presumably from these groups a variety area has relatively few species, probably largely of austral and even desert groups (e .g., Eremosmia, because of its coolness and humidity. Dasyosmia) arose in California and other western In dealing with a group of insects dependent states. Some of these, such as Ashmeadiella, on flowers for food, many of them strictly limited have spread widely, but a surprising number are to particular flowers for pollen sources (e.g., confined to, or at least most abundant in, the the species of Proteriades use only the pollen deserts immediately east of the principal moun- of Cryptantha), we are tempted to try to correlate tains of central and southern California. As plant and insect distributions. Unfortunately for pointed out by Michener (1951 b), this restriction this approach, we do not know of a single species of certain desert megachilines to the western of bee in this group which is distributionally deserts is less strict than was believed in 1944, coEttensive with its food plant. Invariably the since some have since been collected as far east plant occurs in certain places where the bee as Texas, but it seems nonetheless to be a seems to be absent, and sometimes, as in the significant fact . case of Cryptantha and Proteriades, the plant In order to study the distribution of the ranges a thousand miles or more beyond the species within the state, use has been made of range of the bee. Since the bees are evidently certain biotic areas outlined by Miller (1951)and limited by such factors as availability of nesting shown in the accompanying diagram. The various sites and climate, we must conclude that suc- boreal areas are stippled on this map whereas cessful pollination by insects is usually owing the austral ones are white. The boreal areas are to a complex of pollinators and not to any single those above the lower or southem limit of the pollinating agent. principal coniferous trees. Even the most wide- The distributional maps accompanying this ranging species is not known from all the areas, paper show first, the known localities of occur- and many are restricted to particular areas. rence (indicated by various forms of circles) for Many are entirely or principally boreal; others each species and subspecies, and second, the entirely or principally austral. Not only do some probable geographic range (various overlays) as wide-ranging forms occur extensively in both interpreted from these distributions in terms of boreal and austral regions, but some with appar- the probable ecological requirements for each ently rather narrow ecological tolerances (e.g., species and subspecies. In delimiting the geo- Anthocopa triodonta) occur in a zone on either graphic range of each species and subspecies, side of the line between the boreal and austral where 'there appears to be sufficient information, regions. For these reasons it has not been a solid line indicates the peripheral limits of possible to place every species as an occupant geographic range, and where there is insufficient of one or another biotic region, or even to information a dashed line is used. classify all the species as boreal, austral, or This study has tended to demonstrate that wide ranging. the actual distribution for any given species or In table 1, however, we have indicated the subspecies is that place in the environment number of species of each genus or subgenus where the interbreeding population meets the occurring in each biotic area. Occasionally requirements of its economy. records are ignored if a form abundant in one area has been taken only once or twice near the Acknowledgments margin of an adjacent area. From the table it can be clearly seen which genera or subgenera It was at the suggestion of Professor E. G. are wide ranging and which are ecologically Linsley that the present study was undertaken. restricted. it can also be seen that there are To him we gratefully acknowledge the encourage- more species in the austral than .in the boreal ment and inspirational interest he has shown in region in spite of austral groups being derived the project. 4 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Boreal (stippled) and Austral (white) areas ot California showing biotic subdivisions occupied by the megachiline bees shown in table 1. Numbers indicate the number of species which are found in each district. THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 5

TABLE 1

Distribution Within California of Species of Certain Genera of Megachilini

(Numbers indicate the number of species in each area)

Genera and

Titus ella 3 Arogochila- . . .. I11 J 15

Totals 6 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

We would like to express our appreciation for The writers are indebted to the following the assistance and cosperation given us during individuals and institutions whose generous loan the preparation of the manuscript. Since it is not of material, nearly 15,000 specimens, has made possible to name individually all those who have this report possible: W. F. Barr, University of contributed, we hope that the study will, in a Idaho (U.I.), J. N. Belkin, University of Cali- measure, reflect an acknowledgment to those fornia, Los Angeles (U.C.L.A.), G. E. Bohart, persons. Jerome G. Rozen, Jr., Department of U.S. Legume Seed Research Laboratory, U.S. Entomology and Parasitology, University of Department of Agriculture, Logan, Utah (G.E.B.), California, has assisted us in various capacities R. M. Bohart and A. T. McClay, University of which have materially contributed to the com- California, Davis (U.C.D.), California Insect pleteness of the paper. We wish to thank Mrs. Survey, Department of Entomology and Parasitol- Celeste Green, scientific illustrator, Department ogy, University of California, Berkeley (C.I.S. ), of Entomology and Parasitology, University of G. D. Butler, Jr., and L. A. Carruth, University California, whose illustrations appear in the of Arizona (U.A.), R. H. Beamer, Department of paper. Entomology, University of Kansas (K.U.), G. F. We are indebted to Miss Annetta Carter, Ferris, Natural History Museum, Leland Stanford, Herbarium, University of California, Berkeley, Jr., University (L.S.Jr.U.), G. F. Knowlton, Utah for reviewing the botanical names and offering State Agricultural College (U.S.A.C.), L. W. many helpful suggestions. Quate, University of Nebraska (U.N.), H. Rodeck, We are grateful to the authorities of the University of Colorado Museum (U.C.M.), E. S. California Forest and Range Experiment Station ROSS, California Academy of Sciences (C.A.S.), and also to the participating departments of the H. A. Scullen, Oregon State College (O.S.C.), university of California for making possible field and P. H. Timberlake, Citrus Experiment Station, studies on this group of bees at the San Joaquin University of California, Riverside (U. C.R.). Experimental Range near O'Neals, California. Additional material has been kindly made avail- Mr. Henry E. Childs, Jr., Department of Zob'logy, able to us from private collections which are University of California, has been most helpful noted elsewhere in the paper. in assisting us with the field operations con- ducted at this experimental range.

Systematics

Family Megachilidae to long axis of body; facial foveae absent; hypostoma free from tentorium; first flagellar segment much shorter than scape; stipites with The Megachilidae is one of the large families of or without combs; galeae short prepalpally, long bees and is perhaps the least varied and hence postpalpally, without combs; submentum v- most readily recognizable of all the families. shaped; mentum tapering basally; labial palpi Nonparasitic females may be easily identified with first two segments elongated and flattened, by position of the pollen-collecting hairs, or sheathlike, first segment usually shorter than scopa, which are on the undersurface of the second; glossa linear, with a flabellum; pre- metasoma. In other pollen-collecting bees, such episternal suture and scrobal suture in front of hairs are largely on the posterior legs. All forms mesepis ternal scrobe absent; metanotum usually may be recognized by the shape of the labrum vertical, sometimes subhorizontal; middle coxae and the direction taken by the subantennal elongate, at least half, and usually much more sutures, as detailed in the following diagnosis than half, as long as distance from summits to of the family. hind wing bases; pterostigma small; submarginal Labrum longer than broad, broadened basally cells two, second as long, or nearly as long, as to form a long line of articulation with clypeus; first; marginal cell pointed or narrowly rounded subantennal areas absent; subantennal sutures at apex which is usually a little bent away from directed toward outer margins of antennal sockets; costal margin of wing and nearer to wing tip than lower sides of clypeus not bent backward parallel to base of cell; basitibial plates absent; scopa THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 7

nnnHEAD MESOSOMA METASOMA

YESEPlSTERNUY WETEPISTERWUW PROPOMUY

Plate 1. Lateral view of Chelostoma californicum, male, showing the principal morphological structures.

when present confined to metasomal sterna; uniform group of bees. pygidial plate usually absent; penis valves more The family Megachilidae is divisible into or less fused to penis. three major groups, as indicated in the following This is a large and morphologically rather key: 8 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Key to the Subfamilies and Tribes of Megachilidae

1. Jugal lobe of posterior wing about three-fourths as long as vannal lobe; tibiae coarsely spiculate on outer surfaces; male with pygidial plate on seventh metasomal tergum, female with remnant thereof (in ours, a large flattened spine) on sixth tergum ...... Subfamily Lithurginae Jugal lobe of posterior wing less than half as long as vannal lobe; tibiae not spiculate; pygidial area or plate absent (subfamily Megachilinae) ...... 2 2. Pterostigma small, inner margin from its base to base of radial vein not much if any longer than width of pterostigma; claws of female cleft or at least with an inner tooth ...... Tribe Anthidiini Pterostigma larger, inner margin from its base to base of radial vein usually much longer than width of pterostigma; claws of female simple...... Tribe Megachilini

The tribe Megachihi is by far the largest of these groups and is the subject of the remainder of the present study. Superficially, most California species of Anthidiini can be immediately distinguished from any of the Megachilini by the presence of yellow or white integumental markings on the body. Such markings are not present in Megachilini. The Lithurginae are superficially very like some species of Megachile, however.

Phyletic Relationships within the Megachilini From evidexe available it is not desirable to attempt to construct a phylogenetic tree for the genera of the entire Megachilini. However, some conclusions on relationships seem justifiable. As has been pointed out previously (e.g., by Michener, 1944~1,a cylindrical thoracic shape is more primitive in bees than a spherical one. For this and several other reasons, for example the large size of the pterostigma (a primitive feature), the genera Heriades, Chelostoma, and Prochelostoma are regarded as the most primitive members of the tribe. In the characters mentioned above there is a gradual gradient from these primitive genera through Chelostomopsis, Hoplitis of the subgenera Formicapis and Robertsonella, other subgenera of Hoplitis, Pmteriades, to forms such as Ask meadiella, Anthocopa, and Osmia with a rather spherical thorax and much reduced pterostigmata. The generic characters concerned are discussed in detail by Michener (1941). The genera Megachde and Coelioxys also have the specialized characters mentioned above but are not closely related to Osmia and its allies as shown by a variety of characters including absence of arolia. In the Hoplitis, Pmteriades, Anthocopa, Ashmeadiella complex some knowledge of relationships has come to light since the most recent published accounts. In an unpublished work carried on at Kansas State College, Dr. Roland L. Fischet showed that Proteriades and Hoplitis (Hoplitina) have certain characters in common that had not previously been appreciated. For example, both groups have a fold or process on the sixth metasomal sternum of the male, ornamented with short specialized hairs. In the females both groups are somewhat unusual in lacking a flange at the apex of the sixth metasomal tergum of the female. They are so similar superficially as well as in other morphological characters that there can now be little doubt that Pmteriades arose, largely by specialization of mouthparts in adaptation to the flowers of Cryptantha, from ancestors very Iike Hoplitina Indeed, intergradations exist through forms like Proteriades incanescens and P. remotula, males of which nearly lack the strongly hooked hairs on the proboscis characteristic of other Proten'ades. The subgenus Acrosmia also shares the abdominal characters mentioned above with Proteriades and Hoplitina and presumably belongs to the stock from which they arose. From the statements made above, together with those which appear in earlier papers referred to under the various genera, we must conclude that two or more boreal stocks each of Hoplitis and Anthocopa arrived in North America and still persist as such largely boreal subgenera as Alcidamea, Monumetha, Atoposmia, and Hexosmia The boreal groups of Hoplitis in the arid west gave rise to largely austral groups such as Dasyosmia, Hoplitina, and Proteriades, whereas the boreal groups of Anthocopa gave rise to the largely austral Eremosmia and Ashmeadiella THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 9

CLAW

7' AROLIUM Plate 2. Fig. 1, Osmia, dorsal view of left half of thorax showing parapsidal line. Fig.2, Ashmeadiella, lateral view of thorax. Fig. 3, Anthocopa, dorsal view of left half of thorax showing parapsidal line. Fig. 4, Diceratosmia, ventral view of posterior coxa showing carinate condition. Fig. 5, Hoplitis, distal part of Ieg. 10 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Key to the Genera of Megachilini found in the Western Hemisphere

Arolia absent ...... 2 Arolia present (pl. 2, fig. 5) ...... 3 Eyes bare; axillae rounded ...... Megachile (p. 219) Eyes hairy in American species; axillae each produced to a conspicuous tooth...... Coelioxys (p. 222) Parapsidal lines punctiform or at most about three times as long as broad (pl. 2, fig. 1); usually metallic forms ...... 4 Parapsidal lines linear (pl. 2, fig. 3); rarely metallic forms ...... 5 Posterior coxae each with longitudinal carina along inner ventral angle (pl. 2, fig. 4); parapsidal lines slightly elongate ...... Diceratosmia (p. 215) Posterior coxae not carinate; parapsidal lines punctiform...... Osmza(p. 217) Base of propodeum with narrow horizontal zone, set off by a carina from posterior surface and traversed by csirinae breaking it into a series of large pits ... Heriades(p. 11) Base of propodeum neither set off from posterior face by a carina nor pitted. .... 6 Anterior face of each mesepisternum separated, at least below, from lateral face by weak carina, in front of which surface is smooth and shining, behind which surface is strongly punctate (pl. 2, fig. 2); sixth metasomal tergum of male quadridcntate ...... Ashmeadiella (p. 153) Anterior face of each mesepisternum not separated by a carina from posterior face, surface sculpturing grading gradually from smooth anteriorly to strongly punctate laterally, sixth metasomal tergum of male not quadridentate ...... 7 Maxillary galeae and first two segments of labial palpi covered with stiff hairs whose tips are hooked or wavy; proboscis unusually short, in repose scarcely reaching beyond proboscidial fossa ...... Proteriades (p. 129) Maxillary galeae and labial palpi without specialized hairs; proboscis usudly longer and in repose extending well behind proboscidial fossa ...... 8 Shortest distance between tegulae equal to or less than length of mesoscutum .... 9 Shortest distance between tegulae greater than length of mesoscutum ...... 10 Posterior coxae each with a longitudinal carina along inner ventral angle; third segment of labial palpi flattened and connate with second ...... Chelostoma(p. 24) Posterior coxae not carinate; third segment of labial palpi cylindrical and usually standing out at right angles to the second ...... Prochelostoma' First metasomal tergum with longitudinal sulcus on weakly concave, flat, or convex anterior surface; sculpturing of anterior surface merging with that of dorsal surface with no distinct line between these surfaces except sometimes across summit of sulcus and for a short distance laterally from it ...... 11 First metasomal tergum with anterior surface broadly concave, smooth, witho,ut a longitudinal sulcus; a distinct line usually separating the scarcely punctate anterior surface from the distinctly punctate dorsal surface...... Anthocopa(p. 94) ll(10). Posterior coxae each with longitudinal carina along inner ventral angle; male with but six exposed metasomal terga; mandibles of female long, slender, almost parallel-sided ...... Chelostomopsis (p. 37) Posterior coxae not carinate (occasionally in non-California species with a carina whose apex turns toward the outer rather than the inner side of the articulation with the trochanter); male with seven exposed terga; mandibles of female expanded to broad apices ...... HopIitis(p. 44) 'Piochelostoma occurs only in eastern North America and is not further considered in this study. For further details, see Michener (1938~). THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 11 Genus Heriacles Spinola Heriades is widely distributed throughout the world except in the Australian region and South America. The southernmost known species in This genus is readily recognized by its slen- the Western Hemisphere occurs in Panama. Two der, parallel-sided, coarsely punctate body. The subgenera are known ib. North America, but only propodeum has a narrow transverse basal band one of these, Physostetha Michener, is recorded which is horizontal and divided by longitudinal in California. Two species of the subgenus ridges into shining pits. The anterior face of the Neotrypetes Robertson, however,. may be ex- first metasomal tergum is concave and margined pected, one in the northeastern and the other in posteriorly by a carina far stronger than is that the southeastern part of the state. A total of which margins the similarly concave region in eleven species is known in the Nearctic area. Ashmeadiella and Anthocopa. As in Chelostomop- The American species of the genus were revised sis and Anthocopa subgenus Hexosrnia, there are by Michener (1938a), and a new key to the only six exposed metasomal terga in the male. American Neotrypetes was given by Michener The sixth tergum of the male is not dentate (19543). laterally. As in Chelostoma and Prochelostoma. The species of Heriades are polylectic so far the thorax is slender, with the metanotum clearly as is known, and have rather long seasons of a part of its dorsal, not its posterior, surface, flight. They nest in small holes such as those and the pterostigma is rather large. The inner made by emerging beetles in old logs, dead ventral angle of each posterior coxa is conspic- branches, and pine cones. uously carinate.

Key to the American Subgenera of Hetiades

1. Mandible of female with the two carinae of outer surface separated except apically; first metasomal sternum of male rounded or pointed apically (short and truncate in H. micheneri Timberlake from southern Arizona) ...... Neotrypetes (p. 11) Mandible of female with the two carinae of outer surface united basally; first metasomal sternum of male short and truncate apically ...... Pkysostetba(p. 14)

Subgenus Neotr ypetes Robertson Panama. It is poorly represented on the Pacific Coast, however, and the two species listed be- Of the two American subgenera of Heriades, this low have not yet been taken in California. one has the widest range, extending south to

Key to the California Species of Neotrypetes Males

1. First sternum rounded apically; ocelli small, separated by over two ocellar diameters ...... microptbalma (p. 14) First sternum pointed apically; ocelli large, separated by little more than one ocellar diameter ...... variolosa (p. 14)

Females

1. Ocelli small, separated by two or more ocellar diameters. ....micropfhalma (p. 14) Ocelli large, separated by little more than once ocellar diameter ... variolosa (p. 14) 12 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Plate 3. Lateral view of Hetiades ctessoni Michener, male. Map 1. Distribution of Heriades variolosa (Cresson), the subspecies purpurascens indicated by open circles, the subspecies variolosa by solid circles. 14 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Heriades utwiolosa variolosa (Cresson) Solidago tigida. At Red Cloud, flowers Theles- (PI. 12, figs. 6, 14) perma gracile. At Warbonnet Canyon, Sioux Co., flowers Melilotus and Monarda. At Weeping Water, Megachile variolosa Gesson, 1872, Trans. Amer. flowers thistle. At West Point, flowers choke Ent. SOC., 4:270, 9. Type 9, Texas (Acad. cherry. Nat. Sci. Phila.). At Beach, North Dakota, variolosa has been Synonyms: odontophora Schletterer, 1889; asteris taken at flowers of Grindelia. P. H. Timberlake Cockerell, 1897; barbatus Robertson, 1903, has found it collecting pollen from Erigeron 3, not 9; productus Robertson, 1905. philadelphicus at Mengus Mills, Pennsylvania. Geographic range: Ontario to North Carolina, west to British Columbia, Oregon, Utah, New Mexico, and Texas. Another subspecies (H. Heriades micropthdma Michener variolosa purpurascens Cockerell) ranges from (Pl. 12, figs. 8, 12) Texas to Yucatan (see map 1). Discussion : Heriades micropthalma Michener, 1954, Jour. There are no California records of this species, Kansas Ent. SOC., 27:66, 9, 4 Type 9, but it has been collected at Baker, Oregon Williams, Arizona (Univ. of Kansas). (Michener, 1938:520) and at North Powder, and Geographic range: Texas to Arizona and Utah 13 miles east of Juntura, Oregon, and may, there- (see map 2). fore, be expected to occur in northeastern Cali- Discussion: fornia. At the latter two localities this bee has This species has not yet been recorded from collected on Solidago. California, but it very likely occurs in eastern This bee has been found to visit a variety of California since it has been found at Grand flowers. In Nebraska, where perhaps the majority Canyon and Williams, Arizona. of floral visitation records have been kept, we have the following information: At Cams, flowers Amorpha, Helianthus, Heliopsis helianthoides, Malva silvestris, Mentha, Monarda, Ratibida, Vernonia, and thistle. At Glen, flowers Gutierre- Subgenus Physostetha Michener zia sarotbme, Mentha canadensis, and Solidago. At Monroe Canyon, Sioux Co., flowers Solidago. All the species of Heriades presently known Neligh, flowers thistle. At Nebraska City, flowers from California belong to this subgenus. Certain thistle. At Omaha, flowers Melilotus alba and of the species are very common.

Key to the American Species of Pbysostetba Males

1. Tubercle of first sternum more than two-thirds of distance from base to apex of sternum, in profile slender and directed posteriorly, from behind emarginate at summit (pl. 12, fig. IO)...... cressoni (p. 16) Tubercle of first sternum less than two-thirds of distance from base to apex of sternum, in profile robust and not directed posteriorly, from behind not or scarcely emarginate. . 2 2(1). Tubercle of first sternum high so that its sides, if projected, would meet at an acute angle (pl. 12, fig. 9) ...... carinata(p. 18) Tubercle of first sternum low so that its sides, if projected, would meet at an obtuse angle ...... 3

3(2). Outer edge of mandible, seen from front, with subbasal low rounded projection .... 4 Outer edge of mandible, seen from front, evenly curved except at extreme base...... occidentalis(p. 22) THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 15

Map. 2. Distribution of Heriades micropthalma Michener. 16 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

4(3). Sixth sternum prolonged into a ligulate, recurved process...... gracilzor (p. 18) Sixth sternum with broadly rounded or feebly angulate apex .....tirnberlakei (pa 18)

Females

1. Labrum with two small basal tubercles; anterior margin of clypeus with rather broad median emargination ...... cressoni(p. 16) Labrum with one small basal tubercle; anterior margin of clypeus nearly straight medially, with a tubercle at each side ...... 2 2(1) Tubercles of clypeal margin broad and rounded ...... 3 Tubercles of clypeal margin narrow, rather acute ...... 4 3(2). Distance from base of mandible to tubercle on outer side (point of union of mandibular carinae) about one third of distance from tubercle to apex of mandible ...... occidentalis (p. 22) Distance from base of mandible to tubercle on outer side about one-half of distance from tubercle to apex of mandible ...... cminata (p. 18) 4(2). Punctures of disc of mesoscutum separated by about one-fourth a puncture width ...... graciliodp. 18) Punctures of disc of mesoscutum separated by about one-half a puncture width ...... timberlakei (p. 18)

Herides cressoni Michener Marin Co. : Tamalpais, 4 VI-20-36, flowers (Pl. 12, figs. 10, 11, 13) Photinia arbutifolia (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Mariposa Co.: Yosemite, c$ VII-13-48 (H. M. Heriades (Physostetha) cressoni Michener, 1938, G. and D. Townes, K.U.). Ann. Ent. SOC. Amer., 31:529, 4 9. Type 9, Placer Co.: Brockway, 2 6, 2 9, (2 pairs in Bluff Lake, San Bernardino Mountains, Cali- copulo), VII-1941 (G. E. Bohart, G.E.B.). fornia (Calif. Acad. Sci.). Plumas Co.: Quincy, 4 mi. W., 6 VII-2-49 Geographic range: Wyoming and wesiern Nebraska (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). to New Mexico, west to British Columbia, and Riverside Co.: Idyllwild, San Jacinto Moun- California (see map 3). tains, VII-7-28 (Michener, 1938:530); VIII-12-34, California records: flowers Eriogonum nudum (Michener, 1938: 530). Del Norte Co.: Siskiyou National Forest, 9, San Bernardino Co.: (all following localities VII-14-35 (R. H. Beamer, K. U.) are in the San Bernardino Mountains), Barton Fresno Co.: Florence Lake, VII-1931 (Mich- Flat, 9, VIII-23-52, flowers Solidago con/inis ener, 1938:530). Huntington Lake, 7,000 ft., (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Bear Valley, VIII-7, VII-8 (Michener, 1938:530). Indian Basin, Kings 9, 11, 13, flowers Aster canescens, A. parishii, Canyon National Park, 4 VIII-23-52 (J. C. Hall, Gayophy tum ramosiss imum, Geranium richard- TJ. C.D. ). sonii. Heleqium bigelovii, Solidago califomica. Inyo Co.: Bishop, 9, VII-14-35 (R. H. Beamer, S. confinis (Michener 1938:530, U.C.R:); VIII-1913 K.U.); 3, 9, IV-4-37 (G. E. and R. M. Bohart, (Michener, 1938:530). Big Bear Valley (Lake), U.S.A.C.). Glacier Lodge, 3 9, VII-30-53 (J.G. 4 9, VIII-21-32 (Michener, 1938:530, U.C.R.). Roten, C.I.S.). Lone Pine, 2, 9, VII-28-40 (R. Bluff Lake, 9, VII-15-34 (Michener, 1938:530, H. Beamer, K.U.). Whitney Portal, 6 3, 10 $, C.I.S.). Clark Mountain, 6,000 ft., 8, VII-8-38, VIII-6-48 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., and J. W. MacSwain, flowers Solidago petradoriu (P. H. Timberlake, C.I.S., K.U.). U.C.R.). Lake Arrowhead (above), VII-16-33, Lassen Co. : Susanville, VII-12-34 (Michener, flowers Eriophyllum (Michener, 1938:530). 1938:531). Rathbon Creek, VIIT-25-32 (Michener, 1938:530). Los Angeles Co.: Big Pines Camp, 8, 9, South Fork Camp, 6,200 ft., 9, IX-2-46,flowers VII-13 to 17-27, flowers Erigeron /oliosus var. Gut ierrezia ca 1 if om ica ( P. H. Timberla ke ,U. C. R. ); stenophyllus and Potentilla gracilis (Michener, 2 6, 9, IX-10-44, flowers Chtysothamnus pumilus, 1938: 531, U. C. R. ). Gutierrezia calijomica, Solidago califomica (P. THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 17

Map 3. Distribution of Heriades cressoni Michener. 18 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 2 8, 9, IX-11-44, flowers Heriades gracilior Cockerell Chrysothamnus pumilus (P. H. Timberlake,U.C.R.) (Pl. 12, fig. 17) South Fork Camp, 6,300 ft., 2 9, IX-9-47, flowers Aster canescens, Chrysothamnus viridulus (P. Heriades gracilior Cockerell, 1897, Ann. Mag. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Tetley Park, 9, VIII- Nat. Hist. (6) 20138, 9. Type 9, Soledad 19-47, flowers Eriogonum elongatum (P. H. Canyon, Organ Mountains, New Mexico (US. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 9, VIII-19-47, flowers Nat. Mus.). Erigeron foliosus (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 9, Geographic range: Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Solidago califomica (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Nevada, and California. (see map 4). Santa Ana River, 6,300 ft., 3 9, VIII-23-52, California re cords: flowers Solidago conlinis (P. H. Timberlake, Riverside Co.: Piiion Flat, San Jacinto Moun- U.C.R.). Upper Santa Ana River, 11 8, 16 9, tains, V-30-39 (Michener, 1951:51); V-21-40, VII-2 to 26-46, flowers Senecio ionophyllus (G. flowers Opuntia (Michener, 1951:51). H. and J. L. Sperry, C.A.S., U.C.R.). Discussion: San Diego Co.: San Diego, c?, VII-21-29 (R. H. H. graciliot apparently is distributed through- Beamer, K.U.). This locality is indicated on the out much of the southwestern United States but map but is probably an error for a locality in has not been found so abundantly in southern the San Diego County Mountains. California as might be anticipated from the Shasta Co.: Hat Creek Ranger Station, 9, geographic range of the species. It has been VI-26-47 (T. F. Leigh, C.I.S.). found thus far visiting flowers of Opuntia in Tulare Co.: Peppermint Meadows, VI-29-35 California and Conuolulus arvensis in New (Michener, 1938:530). Tokopah Valley, Sequoia Mexico (Las Cruces). National Park, VII-20,21-33 (Michener, 1938: 530). Tuolumne Co.: Eleanor Lake, 6, VII-2-51 (A. T. McClay, U.C.D.). Pinecrest, 14 6, 35 q, Heriades timberlakei Michener VIII-4-48, flowers Solidago (P. D. Hurd, Jr., and J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S., K.U.). Pinecrest, 5,400 Heriades timberlakei Michener, 1938, Ann. Ent. ft., 4 4 3 9, VII-1-52, flowers Solidago cali- SOC. Amer., 31:527, 8, 9. Type 8, Prescott, fornica (R. R. Snelling). Arizona (Timberlake collection, U.C.R.). Discussion: Geographic range: Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, This is the commonest Heriades in many and New Mexico. (see map 5). places in the mountains of California. It is also Discuss ion: the most distinctive species of the subgenus This species is unknown in California but Physostetha, as indicated by the characters approaches eastern California in Arizona and listed in the key. Nevada. At White River, Arizona, it has been H. cressoni has been rather sporadically col- collected at the flowers of Euphorbia albomar- lected over the western United States, as the ginata. No other floral records are known to us. following records and an accompanying map indicate. In Arizona, it has been found at Prescott visiting the flowers of Haplopappus gracilis, Heriades can'nata Cresson Erigeron, and Gutierrezia (Michener, 1938:531). (Pl. 12, figs. 9, 15) Other localities include: British Columbia (Lytton), Colorado (Meadows, Estes Park; near Heriades carinatum Cresson, 1864, Proc. Ent. Monument Lake on flowers Chrysopsis; and at SOC.Phila., 2:383,9, c? Type $,Pennsylvania Ouray), Nebraska (Glen; Monroe Canyon, Sioux (Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.). County on flowers Solidago), Nevada (Kyle Synonym: glomerans Schletterer, 1889. Canyon, Charleston Mountains, 7,500 ft., 9,000 Geographic range: Quebec to Georgia, west to ft.), New Mexico (Beulah; Cloudcroft; Highrolls; British Columbia, Oregon, Utah, Arizona, and and Santa Fe on flowers Grindelia), Oregon Texas. (see map 6). (Corvallis; Crater Lake, 22 mi. W. on Medford Discussion: Road, 3,750 ft. Pelican Bay; Prospect on flowers Although there are no California records of Solidago; and Sisters on flowers Ch ysothamnus), this species, it has been taken at Pelican Bay, Utah (Bryce National Park on flowers Senecio), Klamath County, Oregon (Michener, 1938:524) and and Wyoming (Jenny Lake, Grand Teton National presumably occurs also in the northeastern part Park). of California. THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 19

~~~~ ~

Map 4. Distribution of Heriades gracilior Cockerell. 20 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Map 5. Distribution of Heriades timberlakei Michener.

22 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

A wide variety of flowers are visited, as the 4 6, VI-3-28, flowers Eriodictyon trichocalyx following enumeration suggests. In Nebraska it (Michener, 1938: 526). Switzer's Camp, San has been taken on flowers of Asclepias syriaca Gabriel Mountains, 4 VII-27 (Michener, 1938: at Halsey; on flowers of Cleome serruluta at 526). Tanbark Flat, San Dimas Experimental Glen; on flowers of Medicago sativa at Norfolk; Forest, 6, VI-20-50 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 9, on flowers of Melilotus at Cams and Warbonnet same data (K. G. Whitesell, U.C.D.); & VII-22-50 Canyon; on flowers Melilotus alba at Southbend (P. D. Hurd, Jr., K.U.); 6, same data (J. C. Hall, and West Point; on flowers of Me€ilotusofficinalis U.C.D.); 8, VI-23-50 (H. L. Hansen, C.I.S.); 6, at Sowbelly Canyon, Sioux County; on flowers of same data (M. J. Stebbins,U.C.D.); 6 9, VI-25-50 Mentha canudensis at Glen; on flowers of Monarda (W. C. Bentinck, C.I.S.); 9, same data (P. D. at Cams and Warbonnet Canyon; on flowers of Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); c$ same data (J. W. MacSwain, Parthenocissus quinquefolia at Omaha; on flowers C.I.S.); 4 same data (U.C.D.); 4 same data (F. of Penstemon at Warbonnet Canyon; on flowers X. Williams, C.A.S.); 8, VI-27-50 (W. 0. Marshall, of Petalostemon candidus at Cams; on flowers of U.C.D.); 2 9, same data (F. X. Williams, C.A.S.); Polygonum scarLdens at Monroe Canyon; and on 2 4 VI-30-50, flowers Heliantbus (P. D. Hurd, flowers of Solidago at Glen. In Utah it has been Jr., C.1.S.h 6, VII-2-50, flowers Lotus (E. G. taken on flowers of Heliantbus and Vicia at Linsley, C.I.S.); 4 9, VII-3-50 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., Logan. C.I.S.); 9, same data (F. X. Williams, C.A.S.). 2 9, VII-4-50 (D. C. Blodget, U.C.D., U.C.L.A.); 2 6, same data (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S., K.U.); Heriades occidentaZis Michener 8, same data {A. T. McClay, U.C.D.); 9, VII-8-50 (Pl. 12, figs. 7, 16) (A. T. McClay, U.C.D.); 2 9, same data (F. X. Williams, C.A.S.); 9, VII-10-50 (A. T. McClay, Heriades ( Plysostetha) occidentalis Michener, U.C.D.); 4 VII-12-50 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 1938, Ann. Ent. SOC. Amer., 31:525, 6, 9. 2 9, VII-13-50(A. T. McClay, U.C.D.); 9, VII- Type 9, Idyllwild, San Jacinto Mountains, 14-50 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., K.U.); 4 9, VII-13-50 (A. California (Calif. Acad. Sci.). T. McClay, U.C.D.); 4 VI-17-52 (A. T. McClay, Geographic range: Oregon, California. {see map 7). U.C.D.); 9, VII-5-52 (S. Miyagawa, U.C.D.); 3 6, California records: W-11-52 (A. T. McClay, U.C.D.); 8, -VII-12-52 Alpine Co.: Alpine, 9, VII-19-41 (B. Hodgden, (R. L. Anderson, U.C.D.); 2 8, 9, same data (H. K.U.). L. Mathis, U.C.D.); 2 9, VII-13-52 (A. T. McClay, Los Angeles Co.: Altadena, VI-1-35, flowers U.C.D.); 9, same data (S. Miyagawa, U.C.0.); Opuntia (Michener, 1938:526). Azusa, 9, VII-12- 2 4 VII-15-52 (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.); 4 9, 41 (E. L. Todd, K.U.). Camp Baldy, 2 4 2 9, VII-16-52 (A. T. McClay, U.C.D.); 6, VII-17-52 VI-26-50 (H. L. Hansen, C.I.S.); 9, same data (A. T. McClay, U.C.D.). West Hollywood Mills, (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 9, same data (A. T. 9, VIII-21-49 (R. G. Howell, U.C.D.); 2 6, VI-24- McClay, U.C.D.); 6 6, VII-11-50 (D. C. Blodget, 50 (R. G. Howell, C.I.S.); 2 8, VI-25-50 (R. G. U.C.D.. U.C.L.A.); 5 J, same data (J. C. Hall, Howell). U.C.D.); 2 $same data (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); Marin Co.: Tamalpais, 8, VI-20-26 (Michener, 2 8, 4 9, same data (A. T. and M. F. McClay, 1938: 526, U.C.R. 1. U.C.D.); 8, VII-17-52 (A. T. McClay, U.C.D.). Napa Co.: Mt. St. Helena, 8, V-6-36 (Michener, Eagle Rock, 9, VII-1-36 (C. D. Michener, K.U.). 1938:526, C.A.S.); 2 6, 2 9, V-3-51, emerged Eagle Rock Hills, VI-22-33, VI-30-33, flowers from cones of Pinus attenuata (Green, Helfer, Stephanomeria (Michener, 1938:526). Lone Pine Leech, Van Dyke, C.A.S.). Samuel Spring, 4 Creek, San Gabriel Mountains, 5,500 ft., 8, 9, V-31-51 (J. C. Hall, U.C.D.). VI-16-28, flowers Eriodictyon trichocalyx (Mich- Plumas Co.: Quincy, 4 mi. W., 8, VI-26-49 ener, 1938: 526); c$ 3 9, VII-4-33, flowers Lonicera (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). interrupta (Michener, 1938: 526). Lone Pine Can- Riverside Co.: Herkey Creek, San Jacinto yon, San Gabriel Mountains., 6,000 ft., 9, VII-21- Mountains, 9, VI-14-40 (C. D. Michener, K.U.). 36, flowers Tetradymia canescens (P. H. Timber- Idyllwild, 8, VII-3-30, flowers Sidalcea tnulvae- lake, U.C.R.). Mt. Wilson, 4 August (K.U.). Mt. flora (Michener, 1938: 526); & -1-2-36, flowers Wilson Road, 4 2 9, VII-24-39 (R. M. Bohart, Angelica tomentosa (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); U.C.D.). San Gabriel Mountains, 3,000 to 3,500 6, VI-21-40 (C.I.S.). Piiion Flat, San Jacinto ft., V-28-10, VI-4 and 5-10, VII-2-10 (Michener, Mountains, 6, V-18-39 (B. Brookman, C.I.S.); 6 1938: 526). Sheep Creek, San Gabriel Mountains, V-20-39 (E. G. Linsley, K.U.); 2 6, 9, V-27-36 d 0 u) u) cP) E 2 .U

Y3 U L, U u8 Y 0 Y 9) 3 rc1 0 C 0 .-I4J a

.-In YI4 rn ...Ia cd 4 E

P 24 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY (E. S. Ross, C.I.S.); 2 9, VI-4-39, flowers Genus Chelostomu Latreille Eriogonum (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.); 3 $, VI-4-39, Eriogonum fasciculatum and Nolina parryi (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 2 9, V-21-40, flowers Eriogonum (H. T. Reynolds, C.I.S.); 6, V-28-40, This genus contains slender black bees, which are flowers Eriogonum (R. Husbands, C.I.S.); (r, 2 $, much more finely punctate than those in Heriades. V-28-40, flowers Eriogonum fasciculatum (C. D. The thorax is the most elongate of any mega- Michener, C.I.S., K.U.); 4 2 9, V-28-40, flowers chilid except Prochelostomu, the shortest dis- Opuntia (H. T. Reynolds, C.I.S.). San Jacinto tance between the tegulae being less than the Mountains, VIE1912 (Michener, 1938:526). Straw- length of the mesoscutum. The propodeum has berry Valley, San Jacinto Mountains, VII-25-12 a horizontal basal region about as long as the (Michener, 1938:526). metanotum; this region is finely sculptured San Bernardino Co.: Barton Flat (near), San medially, although sometimes pitted laterally, Bernardino Mountains, 6,300 ft., 2 $, VIII-30-49, and there is no sharp margin separating it from flowers Solidago califonzica (P. H. Timberlake, the posterior surface. The first metasumal tergum U.C.R.). Cajon Pass, $, VII-2-34, flowers white is convex seen in profile with no well-defined Phaceliu (I. McCracken, K.U.). Mountain Home anterior face, but with a longitudinal median Creek, San Bernardino Mountains, 4,300 ft., sulcus basally. The abdomen of the male is less VIII-14-34, VII-4-3 5, flowers Eriogonum fascicu- telescoped than in most megachilines, there being Iatum (Michener, 1938:526); 4 4 9, VIII-24-44, seven exposed terga; the seventh in ours is flowers Eriogonwn fasciculatum (P. H. Timber- strongly tridentate or quadridentate (pl. 13, figs. lake, U, C. R.); 2 $, VIII-6-49, flowers Eriogonum 18-23). As in Neriades, the pterostigma is rather fasciculatum (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 8, large. The inner ventral angle of each posterior VIII-7-49, flowers Eriogonum fusciculatum (P. H. coxa bears a carina. Timberlake). Seven Oaks, 6, VI-14-50, flowers Chelostoma is widespread in the Palearctic Cryptantha intermedia (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). region, but in North America occurs only in the San Diego Co.: Mt. Laguna, 8, VII-%SO (D. Pacific coast area, whence eight species are Cox, C.I.S.). Oak Grove, cf, VI-6-40 (C. D. Mich- known. All of them occur in California. It is ener, C.I.S.). Warner Springs, 2 S, V-9-36, flowers replaced in eastern North America by the closely Frasera pa-i (Michener, 1938:526 U.C.R.). related, but in some respects more primitive Santa Clara Co.: Menlo Park, &, VII-1937 genus, Prochelastoma. The latter could justifi- (Michener, 1938:526, U.C.R.). ably be regarded as a subgenus of Chelostoma. Shasta Co.: Mt. Lassen, 7,000 ft., 9,VII-30-47 The American species of the'genus were revised (R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.). by Michener (19386). Solano Co.: Vacaville, 4 VI-1-32 (A. S. Bees of this genus are active for the most Harrison, Cs1.S.). part in spring and early summer. Our species Discussion: visit principally flowers of the Hydrophyllaceae, This species is closely allied to H. ccztinata. especially the genera Pkacelia and Eriodictyon, Since the two species are, so far as is known, and possibly collect their pollen exclusively allopatric, it seems likely that occidentalis is from such flowers. Nothing is known of nesting a subspecies of carinatu. No intermediate speci- habits of American species, but European forms, mens are known, however. In Oregon, H. occiden- as well as the related Prochelostoma, nest in talis has been collected only at Corvallis, and it holes, such as those made by emerging beetles, is possible that the record is based upon an in old logs and branches. unusual H. carinatu.

Key to the American Species of Cbelostoma Males

Apex of abdomen (seventh metasomal tergum) terminating in four teeth (Pl. 13, figs. 20-23) ...... 2 Apex of abdomen terminating in three teeth (pl. 13, figs. 18, 19) ...... 5 THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 25

Plate 4. Lateral view of Chelostoma califotnicum Cresson, male. 26 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

2(1). Second segment of labial palpus longer than eye; fringe of fifth sternum arising from broad, shallow emargination in margin of sternum ...... cockerelli (p. 32) Second segment of labial palpus shorter than eye; fifth sternum not emarginate, fringe arising from posteriormost part of sternum ...... 3 3( 2). Fringe of fifth metasomal sternum consisting of amber-colored bristles which bear numerous side branches distally and are all directed posteriorly from margin of sternum, then bent ventrally, and then posteriorly again; fringe occupying middle third of sternal margin ...... minutum(p. 34) Fringe of fifth sternum consisting of bristles without conspicuous side branches, if amber colored and bent as in minutum, then fringe occupying entire width of sternal margin . . 4 4(3). Fringe of fifth sternum occupying the full width of sternum, consisting of amber-colored bristles, each of which is directed posteriorly from the margin of the sternum, then bent ventrally, and then posteriorly ...... incisulwn (p. 36) Fringe of fifth sternum occupying only median part of sternal margin, consisting of crearn- colored bristles which are only weakly and somewhat irregularly bent as described above but are wavy apically ...... mmginatum(p. 36) 5(1). Processes of seventh metasomal tergum short (pl. 13, fig. 18), lateral ones not as long as basal width; flagellar segments except the last broader than long or about as long as broad ...... californicum (p. 27) Processes of seventh tergum longer (as in pl. 13, fig. 19), lateral ones longer than basal width; flagellar segments mostly longer than broad ...... 6 6(5). Proboscis long, in repose reaching far behind head, second segment of labial palpus usually longer than eye; teeth of seventh tergum in nearly the same plane so that in profile lateral one is seen largely or entirely against middle one (pl. 13, fig. 19) . . phaceliae (p. 29) Proboscis shorter, in repose not reaching much behind head, second segment of labial palpus much shorter than eye; median tooth of seventh tergum directed more ventrally than lateral ones, so that in profile apices of lateral ones are above middle one ...... 7 7(6). Fifth sternum with a fringe of hairs which is short medially and consists of long, laterally directed hairs at the sides ...... bernardinum (p. 29) Fifth sternum with a fringe of long, posteriorly directed hairs medially . tetramerum(p. 29)

Females

1. Posterior face of propodeum above median pit with large, smooth and shining area; length more than 6% mm., usually about 8 mm...... califomicum(p. 27) Posterior face of propodeum above median pit finely roughened and dull; length usually less than 6 mm...... 2 2( 1). Maxillary palpi four-segmented ...... p haceliae (P. 29) Maxillary palpi three-segmented ...... 3 3( 2). Anterior part of clypeus between tubercles minutely crenulate, several yellowish hairs as long as antennal scape arising beneat& crenulate margin; extreme basolateral angles of labrum tuberculate...... bernardinum (p. 29) Anterior part of clypeus between tubercles straight, hairs arising near margin much shorter than scape; basolateral angles of labrum not tuberculate ...... 4 4(3). Second segment of labial palpus longer than eye ...... cockerelli(p. 32) Second segment of labial palpus shorter than eye ...... 5 5(4). Margins of metasomal terga scarcely brownish; head about as long as broad. minutum (p. 34) Margins of metasomal terga rather broadly brown; head longer than broad ..... 6 THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 27

6(5). Head more elongate, so that seen from front a line across summits of the two eyes passes in front of the median ocellus ...... marginatum (p. 36) Head less elongate so that a line across summits of the two eyes passes near anterior margin of median ocellus...... incisulum (p. 36)

Chelostomo califomicum Cresson Riverside Co.: Riverside, V-15-38, flowers (Pl. 13, fig. 18) Phacelia distans (Michener, 1938:38, U.C.R.); 9, V-15-33, flowers Phacelia distans (P. H. Chelostoma califomicum Cresson, 1878, Trans. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 6, V-7-50, flowers Phacelia Amer. Ent. SOC., 7:108, 6 Type 6; California distans (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Riverside, (Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.) 3 mi. W., 5 6, 9, V-10.38, flowers Phacelia Synonyms: albicinctum (Provancher), 1895; odon- distans (P. H. Timberlake, U.C. R.). Banning, tutu (Cockerell), 1902; dolichosoma (Cockerell), 2 8, 4 9, V-28-28 (Michener, 1938:38, C.A.S.); 1922. 17 6, V-17-41 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S., K.U.). Geographic range: California (see map 8). The Gavilan, 6, IV-17-38, flowers Phacelia California records: distans (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 6, IV-18-37 Alameda Co.: Livermore, 2, V-12-40 (M. A. (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.); 3 4 V-4-38, flowers Cazier, U.C.R.). Phacelia distans (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); Contra Costa Co.: Antioch, 3 8, IV-18-36 4 IV-16-50, flowers Phacelia distans (P. H. (Michener, 1938:38); 6, 9, IV-18-37, flowers Timberlake, U.C.R.). Corona, 8, 3 9, V-1912. Layia platyglossa (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.); 9, (C.I.S.). Idyilwild, 4 VI-18-40 (C. D. Michener, V-8-37 (G. E. and R. M. Bohart, U.C.D.). Marsh C.I.S.). Temecula, 9, IV-11-50 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., Creek, Mt. Diablo, IV-26-37, flowers Phacelia C.I.S.). (Michener, 1938:38). Russelman Park, Mt. Diablo, San Benito Co.: Pinnacles National Monument, 19 c$ 6 9, IV-8-38, flowers white Pbacelia (E. 6; IV-24-48 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). C. Van Dyke, C.A.S., K.U.). Rock City, Mt. San Bernardino Co.: Tetle Park, San Bernar- Diablo, 4 6, V-24-40 (E. G. Linsley, C.A.S.). din0 Mountains, 15 4 23 $, V-16-23, flowers Mt. Diablo, 3 6, 5 9, IV-24-37 (G. E. and R. M. Nemophila Menziesii var. integrifolia (Michener, Bohart, G.E.B., U.C.D., U.C.L.A.); 5 4 3 9, 193&38, U.C.R.); 3 6, 3 9, same data (Michener, IV-26-37, flowers Pbacelia (C. D. Michener, K.U.); 1938:38, K.U.). Redlands, 6 (Michener, 1938:38). 8, V-10.38 (M. A. Cazier, U.C.R.); 10 6; 4 9, Mouth of Deep Creek, 2 4 9, V-5-36, flowers IV-28-39 (M. A. Cazier, U.C.R.); 9 6, 9, IV-29-39 Eriodictyon tricbocalyx (Michener, 193838, (C.I.S., K.U.); 6, 9, IV-13-47 (R. M. Bohart, U.C.R.). Deep Creek, 8, IV-26-36, flowers Etio- U.C.D.). Marsh Creek Spring, 6 6, 3 9, IV-23-37 dictyon califmicum (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.); 6, (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.). 9, V-5-36, same flower (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.). Fresno Co.: Coalinga, 6, V-14-38 (M. A. East Highlands, 6, V-4-45, flowers Pbacelia Cazier, U.C.R.). Coalinga, 12 mi. W., 6; IV-8-51 distans (R. C. Dickson, U.C.R.). Mill Creek, San (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.). Delpiedra, 3 6, 9, IV- Bernardino Mountains, 8, 2 9, V-13-44 flowers 25-53, flowers Phacelia (H. L. Hansen, C.I.S.). Pbacelia distans (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Kern Co.: Glennville, 9, IV-26-50 (E. I. Mill Creek, San Bernardino Mountains, 4,400 ft., Schlinger, U.C.D.). McKittrick, 2 6; V-2-51 (R. 7 6; 5 9, V-3038, flowers Phacelia distans (P. M. Bohart, U.C.D.). H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Mountain Home Creek, Los Angeles Co.: Westwood Hills, 7 6, IV-18- 4,500 ft., 7 6, 2 9, VII-4-38, flowers Pbacelia 40 (R. M. Bohart, U.C.D., U.C.L.A.). Swartout distans (P. H. Timbedake, U.C.R.); 9, VII-9-38, Valley, 6, VI-3-28, flowers Phacelia davidsonii same flower (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). (Michener, 1938:38, U.C.R.). Rock Creek, grade Santa Clara Co.: Mt. Hamilton, 5 6, 9, IV-15- above, 9, V-$38, flowers Salvia camosa (P. H. 47, flowers Pbacelia (G. E. Bohart, C.I.S.); 4 Timberlake, U.C.R.). Claremont, mountains near, V-18-52 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). 9 (C. F. Baker, U.C.R.). Stanislaus Co.: Adobe Creek, 2 9, V-11-48 Madera Co.: O’Neals, 2 8, IV-26-47 (A. T. (J. W. MacSwain and R. F. Smith, C.I.S.); 9 6, McClay, K.U.). San Joaquin Experimental Range, 6 9, IV-6-48, flowers Phacelia (J. W. MacSwain, 5 8, 8 9, IV-18-53, flowers Phacelia platyloba C.I.S.); 11 8, 2 9, IV-20-48 (R. F. Smith, C.I.S.). (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). Turlock, 2 4 V-10-52, flowers Pbucelia (R. R. Mariposa Co.: El Portal, 6, V-23-38 (N. F. Snelling). Hardman, C.I.S. ).

THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 29

Tulare Co.: Lemoncove, 2 8, 111-24-40, (R. P. hairs themselves diverge somewhat apically and Allen, C.A.S.); 15 & 1 9, IV-14-50, flowers are provided with numerous side branches. Phacelia (E. G. Linsley, C.E.S., K.U.); 8, III- 2 3-51 (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). Potwisha, Sequoia National Park, 2,000-5,000 ft., 2 9, V-15-29 (E. Chelostoma bemardinurn Michener C. Van Dyke, C.A.S., C.I.S.). Pine Flat, 4 4 V-3-47, flowers Phacelia hispida (P. H. Timber- Chelostoma bemardinurn Michener, 1938, Pan- lake, U.C.R.). Three Rivers, 3 mi. W., 16 < Pacific Ent. 14:40, & ?. Type ?, Tetley IV-1-39, flowers Phacelia distans (many speci- Park, San Bernardino Mountains, California, mens), Plagiobothrys notho/ulvus (P. H. Timber- flowers Nemophila (Calif. Acad. Sci.). lake, U.C.R.), Three Rivers, 4.5 mi. s., 6, IV- Geographic range: California (see map 10). 29-47, flowers Cryplarntha llaccida (P. H. Timber- California records: lake, U.C.R.). San Bernardino Co.: Tetley Park, San Bernar- Discussion: din0 Mountains, V-16 and V-23, 1936, flowers This is the largest American species of the Nemophila Menziesii var. integrifolia and Pha- genus and by site alone (length usually about celia davidsonii (Michener, 1938:41, U.C.R.). 8 mm.) it can ordinarily be separated from its Crestline, V-13-34, flowers Nemophila Menziesii relatives. var. integrifolia (Michener, 1938:41, U.C.R.). It is noteworthy that the number of segments Miller Canyon, San Bernardino Mountains, 3,500 in the maxillary palpi varies from three to four. ft., 9, V-19-41, flowers Nemophila Menziesii var. This suggests that the number of palpal segments integritolia (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). may eventually prove useless for separation of Discus sion: species elsewhere in the genus, although none The fringe of the fifth metasomal sternum of of our species are distinguished by this character the male makes this species unique among alone. The three-segmented condition seems American Chelostoma. It occupies the full width most common in southern California, although of the sternum, which is not emarginate, and hangs specimens with four segments predominate in down at right angles to the sternum instead of central California. having its hairs directed posteriorly, at least The fringe of the fifth sternum in the male near their bases, as in all our other species. arises from a shallow emargination in the apical The hairs slant strongly toward the sides and margin of the sternum. The fringe is narrow, are longest at the sides, short medially. occupying a tenth or less of the width of the sternum, and consists of only slightly curved Chelostoma phaceliae Michener hairs bearing numerous short side branches. (Pl. 13, fig. 19) Chelostoma phaceliae Michener, 1938, Pan- Chelostonta tetramerum Michener Pacific Ent., 14:38, & ?. Type 2, Altadena, California, flowers Phacelia tanacetifolia. Chelostoma tetramerum Michener, 1942, Ent. (Calif. Acad. Sci.). News, 53:47, 6. Type < Shingletown, Shasta Geographic range: California, Nevada, Oregon, County, California (Calif. Acad. Sci.). Washington (see map 11). Geographic range: California (see map 9). California records: California records : Alameda Co.: Berkeley Hills, 20 4 4 9, VI-4 Shasta Co.: Shingletown, J, V-23-41, flowers and 16-33, flowers Phacelia (Michener, 1938:40, yellow Mimulus (Michener, 1942:47). U. C. R. ). Discussion: Contra Costa Co.: Marsh Creek, Mt. Diablo, Only a few specimens of this species are 7 6, 9, V-12-37, flowers Phacelia (Michener, known. Excepr for cali/ornicum, it is our largest 1938:40, U.S.A.C.). Curry Creek, 8, V-5-47, species. flowers Brodiaea laxa (G. E. Bohart, G.E.B.). The fringe of the fifth sternum of the male Inyo Co.: Big Pine Creek, 6,000 ft., 9, VI- does not arise from an emargination. It occupies 16-42 (R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.). about one third of the width of the sternum. Its Kern Co.: Greenhorn Mountains, 4 V-7-31 brownish white hairs are quite long and are (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.). directed at first posteriorly, then ventrally, and Lake Co.: Cobb Mountain, 2 6, V-7-36 (Mich- then posteriorly, the curves being gradual. The ener, 1938:40, G.E. B.). 30 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY Los Angeles CO.: Los Angeles, 6, VI-16-34 V-4-27, V-12-30, VI-4-30, IV-8-32, V-14-36, flowers Phacelia ramosissimu (Michener, 1938: flowers Phacelia distans and P. mmosissima 39). Puente Hills, 6, IV-12-25, flowers Phacelia (Michener, 1938:39, U.C.R., K.U.); 9, V-6-38, distans (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 6 9, V-9 flowers Phacelia ramosissimu (P. H. Timberlake, and 10-26, same flower (Michener, 1938:39). San U.C.R.); 6, IV-26-39, flowers Cryptuntha inter Gabriel Canyon, 9, VI-25-33, flowers Lotus media (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Idyllwild, 9, (Michener, 1938:39). Altadena, 2 6, IV-18-35, VI-28-28 (Michener, 1938:39, C.A.S.); 6, VII-3-30, flowers Phacelia mmosissimu (C. D. Michener, flowers Erigeron foliosus, var. stenophyllus U.C.D., U.C.L.A.); S, VI-11-33, flowers Phacelia (Michener, 1938:39, U.C.R.). San Jacinto River, (Michener, 1938:39). Arroyo Seco, San Gabriel 3,000 ft., 4 q, V-30-40, flowers Phacelia (C. D. Mountains, 9, VII-6-22 (Michener, 1938:39); 3 9, Michener, C.I.S.). The Gavilan, 6 9, V-4-38, VI-25-40 (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). Big Pines flowers Phacelia distans (P. H. Timberlake, Camp, San Gabriel Mountains, $', VII-11-27, U.C.R.). Banning, 8, V-28-28 (E. C. Van Dyke, flowers Phacelia ramosissima (Michener, 1938: C.A.S. ). 39); 2 9, VII-13-27, flowers Phacelia californica Sacramento Co.: Folsom, 2 9, V-18-52 (T. R. (Michener, 1938:39). Swartout Valley, 9,VI-3-28, Haig, C.I.S.). flowers Phacelia califonzica (Michener, 1938:39). San Bernardino Co.: Tetley Park, San Bernar- Pasadena, 9, VII-2-26, flowers Nama parryi dino Mountains, 6, V-13-34, flowers Potentilla (C.I.S.). Crystal Lake Road., 4,700 ft., 6, VII- (Michener, 1938:39). Mountain Home, 9, VI-17-34, 9-52 (J. K. Hester, U.C.D.). Tanbark Flat, San flowers Phacelia ramosissimu (Michener, 1938: Dimas Experimental Forest, 9, VI-21-50 (H. L. 39); 6, VII-4-35, flowers Erigeron (P. H. Timber Hansen, C.I.S.); 9, VI-22-50, flowers Eriogonum lake, U.C.R.); 4 9, VII-17-34 (I. McCracken, (H. F. Robinson, U.C.D.); 3 9, VII-10-50 (F. X. C.A.S.). Mountain Home Creek, 4,500 ft., 4 9, Williams, C.A.S.); 3 8, VII-13-52, flowers Pha- VII-4-38, flowers Phacelia distans (P. H. Timber- celia (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). lake, U.C.R.). Crestline, 9, V-23-36, flowers Madera Co.: Bass Lake, 6, 9, VI-6-38 (R. M. Lotus (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.). San Bernardino, Bohart, U.C.D., G.E.B.). 8, V-28-36, flowers Cryptantha (E. G. Linsley, Mariposa Co.: 8, VII-2-33 (Michener, 1938:39, C.I.S.). Green Valley, 8, VII-9-33, flowers Pha- G.E.B.). El Portal, 2 6, 2 $, V-23-38 (R. M. celia (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Mill Creek, Bohart, U.C.D., U.C.L.A., U.S.A.C.); 3 6, same San Bernardino Mountains, 4,400 ft., 5 9, V-30- data (N. F. Hardman, C.I.S.). 38, flowers Phacelia distans (P. H. Timberlake, Napa Co.: Putah Canyon, 6, V-25-51 (E. I. U.C.R.); 6, 4,800 ft., V-13-40, flowers Gilia Schlinger, U.C.D.). exilis (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 2 9, 4,400 Nevada Co.: Lake Spaulding, 9, VI-1938 (I. ft., VI-2&50, flowers Phacelia mmosissima (P. McGacken, C.A.S.). H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Plumas Co.: Clio, 9, VII-9-16 (Michener, Santa Barbara Co.: Rincon Creek near Carpin- 1949:43). Nelson Point, 2 6, 7 ?, VII-5-52 (E. I. teria, ?, VII-16-28 (Michener, 1938:39, C.A.S.). Schlinger, U.C.D.); 2 9, same data (R. C. Bechtel, Santa Guz Co.: Santa Cruz, 9, VI-1-19 (E. P. U.C.D.). Meadow Valley, 3,500-4,OOO ft., 4 2 9, Van Duzee, C.A.S.). VI-1-24 (W. H. Nelson, C.I.S.). Quincy, 4 mi. W., Shasta Co.: Burney, 5 mi. E. 8, 2 9, VI-8-41, 3 9, VI-21-49, flowers Phacelia (P. D. Hurd, Jr. flowers Phacelia (C. D. Michener, C.I.S.); 8, ?, C.I.S.); 2 $',same data (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.); VI-9-41 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). 4 9, VI-22-49, flowers Phacelia (P. D. Hutd, Jr., Sonoma CO.: Green Valley, S, VI-9-33, flowers C.I.S.); 9, VI-24-49 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.1.S.h 9, Phacelia (Michener, 1938:40). VI-25-49 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 9, same data Stanislaus Co.: Adobe Creek, 2 d, V-6-48, (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.); 2 9, same data (W. R. flowers Phuceliu (R. F. Smith, C.I.S.). Schreader, U.C.D.); 3 9, VI-26-49 (W. F. Ehrhardt, Tulare Co.: California Hot Springs 9, (Mich- U.C.D.); 3 $',same data (E. I. Schlinger, U.C.D.); ener, 1938:39). Coffee Camp, 4 3 4, VI-8-25, 2 9, VI-30-49 (R. C. Bechtel, U.C.D.); $, same flowers Phacelia (Michener, 1938:39, U.C.R.). data (W. F. Ehrhardt, U.C.D.); 4 $, same data General Grant National Park, 3, VI-27-29, flowers (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 3 9, same data (J. W. Phacelia (Michener, 1938:39, U.C.R.). Lemon- MacSwain, C.I.S.); 3 9, same data (E. I. Schlinger, cove, ?, IV-14-50, flowers Phacelia (E. G. U.C.D.); 2 9, VII-3-49 (J. E. Gillaspy, C.I.S.); Linsley, C.I.S.). Mineralking, & VII-20-23 (C. L. 9,VII-7-49 (E. L. Atkinson, C.I.S.). Fox, C.A.S.). Pine Flat, 9, V-3-47, flowers Riverside Co.: Riverside, IV-20-26, IV-26-27, Phacelia hispida (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.).

32 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Tuolumne Co.: 4 VI-3-38 (J. R. Warren, ft., 4 4 9, VI-13-31 (H. A. Scullen, O.S.C.). U.C.R.). Strawberry, 9, VI-22-51 (E. G. Linsley, Camp Baldy, 3 4 11 9, VI-26-50 (A. T. McClay, C.I.S.); 8, VII-15-53, flowers Mimulus (J. G. U.C.D.); 8, 9, same data (K. G. Whitesell, Rozen, C.I.S.). Tuolumne City, 9, VI-22-53 (J. G. U.C.D.); 9, same data (T. R. Haig, K.U.). Rozen, C.I.S.). Madera Co.: Bass Lake, 2,500 ft., VI-6-38 Ventura Co.: Sespe Canyon, IV-22-34, flowers (N. F. Hardman, C.I.S.). Phacelia (Michener, 1938:39). Fillmore, VI-27-37 Riverside Co.: Andreas Canyon, Palm Springs, (Michener, 1938:39). 2 8, $, IV-10-36, flowers Eriodictyon trichocalyx Discussion: (Michener, 1938:44, C.A.S., C.1.S.h 8, IV-10-32, This is probably the commonest California flowers Phacelia distans (P. H. Timberlake, Chelostomu. Its very long proboscis, in repose U.C.R.). Keen Camp, 8, VI-9-39, flowers Pen- usually reaching beyond the front coxae, dis- stemon (E. S. Ross, C.I.S.). Keen Camp, 7 mi. tinguishes this species from all except the W., 4 V-17-39, flowers Penstemon (R. F. Smith, considerably smaller C. cockerelli. C.I.S.). Tahquitz, 2 6, 4 $, IV-16-38, flowers The posterior margin of the fifth metasomal Lotus (G. E. Bohart, G.E. B.). sternum of the male is rather conspicuously San Bernardino Co.: Mouth of Deep Creek, d?, emarginate medially. The emargination occupies 8 9, V-5-26, flowers Eriodictyon trichocalyx (P. about one-third of the sternal margin and bears H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Deep Creek, 9, V-16-36, a similarly broad fringe of but little bent hairs flowers Eriodictyon (G. E. Bohart, G.E.B.). which converge apically so that the fringe Vivian Creek Trail, San Bernardino Mountains, usually comes to a point posteriorly. The hairs 6,50&6,600 ft., 3 8, VII-6-46, flowers Eriodictyon bear short, inconspicuous, side branches. trichoculyx (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Upper The distribution of phaceliae outside of Cali- Santa Ana River, 2 9, VIII-2-46, flowers Erio- fornia is little known, as the following records dictyon trichocalyx (G. H. and J. L. Sperry, K.U.). show. Nevada (Daggett Pass, Douglas CO.). Cajon Pass, 9, VII-2-34 (I. McCracken, C.A.S.). Oregon (Eagle Ridge, Klamath Lake; Wildhorse Mill Creek, San Bernardino Mountains, 4,400 ft., Canyon, Andrews). Utah (Logan). Washington 5 6, 2 9, V-30-39, flowers Mimulus fremontii (Asotin; Walla Walla). (many specimens), C ptantha intermedia (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); x4,800 ft., V-13-40, flowers Gilia exilis (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Chelostoma cockerelli Michener Disc ussion: (Pl. 13, fig. 20) This form has been hitherto considered as a subspecies of minutum but it is abundantly dis- Chelostomu minutum cockerelli Michener, 1938, tinct, as indicated by the following characters: Pan-Pacific Ent., 14:43, c?, 8. Type d?, Andreas Head of female conspicuously Ionger than broad; Canyon, near Palm Springs, California, flowers second segment of labial palpus longer than eye; Eriodictyon trichocalyx (Calif. Acad. Sci.). brownish coloration on posterior margins of terga Geographic range: California (see map 12). very inconspicuous; body and especially fifth California records: sternum of male a little more coarsely punctate Los Angeles Co.: Palmdale, 3 & IV-11-36 than in other members of the minutum group; (Michener, 1938:44, G.E.B., K.U.). Lancaster, posterior margin of fifth sternum of male with a IV-10-36 (Michener, 1938:44). Camp Baldy, 2 6, broad emargination, from the straight median 4 $, VI-26-50, flowers Eriodictyon (Michener, margin of which the fringe arises; the fringe 1951:51, C.I.S., K.U.). Lone Pine Canyon, 5,900 occupies about one-fourth of width of sternum ft., 2 3, 4 $, VI-16-28, flowers Trichostema and consists of amber-colored bristles of stiff lanatum (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 2 6, 3 9, hairs, paler apically, directed at first posteriorly, VI-16-28, flowers Nama parryi (P. H. Timberlake, then ventrally, then posteriorly again and bearing U.C.R.). Lone Pine Canyon, San Gabriel Moun- inconspicuous short side branches; median tains, 6, 5 $, VII-4-33, flowers Eriodictyon emargination of the seventh tergum of the male trichocalyx (P. H. Timberlake, K.U., U.C.R.). as deep as length of lateral spine of this tergum. Sheep Creek, San Gabriel Mountains 2 8, 9 9, C. cockerelli visits chiefly flowers of Erio- VI-3-28, flowers Eriodictyon trichocalyx (P. H. dictyon. Its range broadly overlaps that of C. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Ridge Route, 3,000-4,000 marginaturn and perhaps C. minutum THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 33

Map 13. Distribution of Chelostoma minutum Crawfotd. 34 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Chelostoma minutum Gawford 36, flowers Nemophila Menziesii var. integriJolia (Pl. 13, fig. 22) Michener, 1938:43, U.C.R.). Barton Flats, San Bernardino Mountains, 23 4 IV-14-50, flowers Chelostoma minuta Crawford, 1916, Insecutor Erigeron divergens, Phacelia dariidsonii, (P. H. Inscitiae Menstruus, 4:102, 9. Type 8, Tuo- Timberlake, U.C.R.). Miller Canyon, San Bernar- lumne Meadows, California (U.S.N.M.). dino Mountains, 3,500 ft., 9, V-13-41, flowers Geographic range: California, Idaho, Nevada, Nemophila Menziesii var. integrifolia (P. H. Oregon, Utah, Washington (see map 13). Timberlake, U.C.R.). Mill Creek, San Bernardino California records: Mountains, 4,400 ft., 3, V-30-38, flowers Mimulus Alpine Co.: Hope Valley, 2 6, VII-9-48 (3. W. fremontii (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Green MacSwain, C.I.S.). Valley Lake, San Bernardino Mountains, 4 VII- Eldorado Co.: Tallac, Lake Tahoe, 6, VII- 15-50 (C. D. Michener, K.U.). Verdemont, 2 6, 17-1 5 (Michener, 1938:43, C.I.S.). Strawberry, V-1-46, flowers Phacelia distans (P. H. Timber- 4 VII-1-50 (C. D. Michener, K.U.). Tahoe, Lake lake, U.C.R.). Tahoe, 4 VII-17-15 (E. P. Van Duzee, C.I.S.). Sierra Co.: Gold Lake, 9, VII-10-21 (C. L. Inyo Co.: Bishop Creek, north fork, 8,500 ft., FOX,C.A.S.); VIII-4-21 (C. L. FOX,C.A.S.). 4 6 VI-22-37, flowers Phacelia (C. D. Michener, Tulare Co.: Kaweah River near Ash Mountain, K.U.). 9,V-10-38 (F. T. Scott, U.C.R.). Lassen Co.: Summit Lake, Mt. Lassen, 6,700 Tuolumne Co.: Strawberry, 3 $, VI-21-51 (E. ft., 6,VII-21 to 22-37 (Michener, 1938:43, U.C.R.). G. Linsley and J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.), 6, VI- Los Angeles Co.: Swartout Valley, 3 4 7 9, 22-51 (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.); 3 C$ VI-23-51 VI-3-2 8, flowers Phacelia davidsonii (Michener, (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.); 2 3, 9, VI-29-51 (J. W. 193843, K.U., U.C.R.); 8 9, VI-3-28, flowers MacSwain, K.U.); c$ VII-14-51 (J. W. MacSwain, Phacelia heterophylla (Michener, 1938:43 1. Big C.I.S.); 4 VII-9-53 (J. G. Rozen, C.I.S.); 6, 2 9, Pines Camp, San Gabriel Mountains, 6 9, VII-2- VII-15-53, flowers Mimulus (J. G. Rozen, C.I.S.). 34, flowers Phacelia heterophylla (Michener, Pinecrest, 5,400 ft., 4 VI-16-52, flowers Nemo- 1938:43, U.C.R.); o”, 9, VII-12-27, flowers Pha- phila (R. R. Snelling). Dardanelles, 9, VII-13-51 celia heterophylla (Michener, 1938:43, U.C.R.); (W. H. Lange, U.C.D.). VII-13-27, flowers Phacelia californica (Michener, 1938:43, U.C.R.); 9, VI-16-28, flowers Phacelia Discussion: heterophylla (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 9, VII- This species is distinguished from its three 11-27, flowers Phacelia ramosissima (P. H. close relatives, cockerelli, marginatum, and Timberlake, U.C.R.); 9, VII-16-27, flowers incisulum, previously regarded as subspecies of Phacelia heterophylla (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). minutum, by the following characters: Head of Lone Pine Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, 9, female about as long as broad; second segment VII-4-33, flowers Eriodictyon trichocalyx (P. H. of labial palpus shorter than eye; brownish Timberlake, U.C.R.). Altadena, 4 VI-1-35, coloration on posterior margins of terga very flowers Cryptantha (C. D. Michener, C.I.S.). inconspicuous; posterior margin of fifth meta- Mariposa Co.: Ledge Trail, % way up, Yose- soma1 sternum straight, giving rise to a fringe mite, 3 9, VI-25-26, flowers Dmperia systyla that occupies fully one-third of width of sternum (Michener, 1938:43, U.C.R.). Pohono Trail above and consists of very coarse, amber-colored bris- Yosernite, 9, VI-26-26, flowers Phacelia hetero- tles which are directed posteriorly, then ven- phylla (Michener, 1938:43, U.C.R.). Yosemite, trally, then posteriorly, and bear numerous side 6, V-31-38 (N. F. Yardman, C.I.S.). YoSemite, branches; median emargination of seventh tergum 3,880-4,000 ft., 6, V-25-38, flowers Cryptantha of male deep, as in C. cockerelli. (R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.). C. minutum is principally montane in Califor- Modoc Co.: Modoc National Forest, VI-16-33 nia, being found usually in the transition life (Michener, 1938:43, K.U.). zone and above. It apparently normally visits Mono Co.: Mammoth Lake, 9, VII-27-36 (G. E. flowers of Phacelia. As may be seen by an and R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.). accompanying map, its distribution in Idaho Plumas Co.: Bucks Lake, 4 3, VI-23-49 (Warren), Nevada (Lake Tahoe, flowers Phacelia), (Michener, 1951:51, C.I.S., K.U.). Oregon (Pamelia Lake, Mt. Jefferson; Eagle San Bernardino Co.: Tetley Park, San Bernar- Ridge, Klamath Lake), Utah (Logan, flowers dino Mountains, 9, V-15-37, flowers Phacelia Phacelia linearis), and Washington (Spokane) is duuidsonii (Michener, 1938:43, U.C.R.); 6,V-16- scarcely known. Rk k Map 14. Distribution of Chelostoma incisulum Michener. Map 15. Distribution of Chelostoma marginatumMichener, the subspecies incisuloides indicated by open circles, the subspecies marginatum by solid circles. 36 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Chelostoma incisulum Michener num of male scraight, its fringe occupying full (Pl. 13, fig. 21) width of sternum and consisting of amber-colored hairs or bristles, paler apically, which are Chelostoma minutum incisulum Michener, 1938, directed posteriorly, then abruptly bent ventrally, Pan-Pacific Ent., 14:44, 6. Type 6, Marsh then abruptly bent posteriorly, and which bear Creek,, Mount Diablo, California, flowers no side branches; median emargination of seventh Phacelia (Calif. Acad. Sci.). sternum of male shallow, not more than half as Geographic range: California (see map 14). deep as length of lateral spine of this tergum, California re cords : that is, the median teeth of this tergum are fused Contra Costra Co.: Marsh Creek, Mt. Diablo, nearly to their apices (pl. 13, fig. 21). 6 4 8, IV-26-37, flowers Phacelia (Michener, This species appears to inhabit the upper 1938:45, K.U.). Mt. Diablo, 9, IV-24-37 (G. E. Sonoran life zone of central California, where it and R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.); 6; IV-24-37 (Michener, visits principally the flowers of Phacelia. 193845, C.I.S.). Kern Co.: Glennville, 3 o”, 9, IV-24-49, flowers Glia (Michener, 1951:51, C.I.S., K.U.). Woody, Chelostoma marginatum Michener 4 6, 15 9, IV-24-49, flowers Phacelia (Michener, (Pl. 13, fig. 23) 1951:51, C.I.S., K.U.). Madera Co.: San Joaquin Experimental Range, Chelostoma minutum marginatum Michener, 1938, 3 8,111-24-53, flowers Gilia tricolor(H. E. Childs, Pan-Pacific Ent., 14:44, 8, 9. C.I.S.); 4 6 9, IV-18-53, flowers Phacelia Geographic range: California (see map 15). platyloba (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). Discussion: San Benito Co.: Pinnacles National Monument, This species is conspicuously distinct from 2, IV-24-48, flowers Phacelia (P. D. Hurd, Jr., its close relatives by the following combination C.I.S.). of characters: Head of female longer than broad; Santa Clara Co.: Mt. Hamilton, 3 6, 2 9, IV- second segment of labial palpus shorter than 15-47, flowers Phacelia (G. E. Bohart, C.I.S., eye; posterior margins of terga conspicuously K.U.). and rather broadly brown; posterior margin of Stanislaus Co.: Adobe Creek, 2 6, 9, IV-20-48 fifth metasomal sternum of male straight or very (R. F. Smith, C.I.S.); 6, V-6-48 (J. W. MacSwain, broadly concave with pale yellowish fringe, two- C.I.S.). thirds as broad as sternum, with short hairs Tulare Co.: Three Rivers, 3 mi. W., 3, 4 9, laterally; hairs of fringe with the curvature IV-1-39, flowers Phacelia distans (P. H. Timber- characteristic of incisulum and other species lake, U.C.R.). only weakly evident but hairs irregularly wavy Discus sion: apically, without side branches; median emargina- Chelostoma incisulum is distinguishable from tion of seventh sternum deeper than in incisulum its close relatives by the following characters: in marginatum proper but shallow in the sub- Head of female longer than broad; second seg- species incisuloides. ment of labial palpus shorter than eye; posterior This species seems to replace incisulum in margins of terga conspicuously and rather broadly southern California, although in central Cali- brown; posterior margin of fifth metasomal ster- fornia, the two species occur together.

Key to the Subspecies of Cbelostoma marginaturn Males

1. Median teeth of ninth metasomal tergum separate ...... marginatum(p. 37) Median teeth of ninth metasomal tergum fused almost to apices . . . .incisuloides (P. 37) THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 37

Chelostoma marginaturn mazginaturn Michener Geographic range: California (see map 15). Califwnia records: Chelostomu minutum marginaturn Michener, 1938, Contra Costa Co.: Mt. Diablo, 6, IV-21-53, Pan-Pacific Ent., 14:44, 6, 9. Type 6, Puente flowers Eriodictyon (Michener, 1954:70, C.I.S.). Hills, Los Angeles County, California, on Madera Co.: San Joaquin Experimental Range flowers of Phacelia distans (Timberlake col- near O’Neals, 5 6, 9, IV-18-53, flowers Amsinckia, lection, U.C.R.). Cryptantha, and Phacelia platyloba (Michener, Geographic range: California (see map 15). 1954:70, C.I.S., K.U.). California records: Stanislaus Co.: Adobe Creek, 6, V-6-48 (Mich- Inyo Co.: Argus Mountains, 6, V-22-37 (N. W. ener, 1954:70, K.U.). Fratier, K.U.). Tulare Co.: Pine Flat, 6, V-3-47, flowers Los Angeles Co.: Puente Hills, IV-12-25, Nemophila pulchella (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). 111-1426, 111-21-26, V-9-26, flowers Phacelia Three Rivers, 5 mi. S., q, V-1-47, flowers distans(Michener, 1938:44,C.A.S., K.U., U.C.R.). Penstemon laetus (Michener, 1954:70, U.C.R.). Eagle Rock, IV-7-36, flowers Salvia mellifera (Michener, 1938:44). Eagle Rock Hills, IV-14-33, flowers Rhamnus crocea (Michener, 1938:44). Altadena, 6, V-2-36, flowers Eriodictyon crassi- Genus Chelostomopsis Cockerell folium (Michener, 1938:44, K.U.). Palmdale, 6, IV-11-36 (G. E. and R. M. Bohart, C.I.S.). Lan- caster, 6, IV-10-36 (G. E. and R. M. Bohart, Included in this genus is a single, small black G.E.B.). Tanbark Flat, San Dimas Experimental species which is sufficiently different from its Forest, 9, VI-20-50 (H. M. Graham, C.I.S.). relatives to justify its placement in a distinct Riverside Co.: Riverside, 2 9, 111-21-26, genus. A distinctive, although perhaps superficial flowers Phacelia distans (Michener, 193844, character, is the presence of a dorsoventrally U.C.R.); 3, IV-4-39, flowers Cryptantha inter- flattened spatulare horn projecting from the media (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). The Gavilan, anterior margin of the clypeus of the female 5 6, 111-19-36, flowers Rhus trilobata (P. H. (fig. 26). Chelostomopsis is but little more Timberlake, U.C.R.); 6, IV-18-37, flowers Rhus coarsely punctate than Chelostoma. The thorax trilobata (Michener, 193844); 6, IV-18-37 (P. H. is more robust than in that genus but the metano- Timberlake, U.C.R.); 3 & IV-18-37, flowers tum is clearly dorsal in position, although slop- Phacelia (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.); 6, 111-4-38, ing posteriorly. The propodeum has a horizontal, flowers Phacelia distans (P. H. Timberlake, rather coarsely rugose, basal area about as long U.C.R.); 2 9, IV-4-38, flowers Phacelia distans, as the metanotum. There is no carina separating P. hispida (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 6 IV-17- this area from the posterior face of the propo- 38, flowers Cryptantha intermedia (P. H. Timber- deum. The first metasomal tergum is much higher; lake, U.C.R.); ?, IV-27-38, flowers Phacelia that is, its anterior surface is larger, than in minor (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 2 6, 4 9, V-4- Chelostomu, and there is a rather distinct angle 38, flowers Phacelia distans (P. H. Timberlake, between the anterior and dorsal surfaces. The U.C.R.); 9, V-4-38, flowers Phacelia hispida (P. former is broadly concave, with a longitudinal H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 9, IV-18-40, flowers sulcus in the concavity. There is an abrupt Salvia columbariae (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); change in sculpturing between the two surfaces, 6, IV-30-40 (C. M. Dammers, U.C.R.; 3 6, IV-6- the anterior being shining and sparsely punctured. 50, flowers Cryptantha intermedia (P. H. Timber- In the male, there are but six exposed terga, the lake, U.C.R.); 2 & 111-27-51, flowers Lomatium seventh being entirely hidden by the sixth. The dasycarpum (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). inner ventral angle of each posterior coxa bears a carina.

Chelostom marginat urn incisdoides Mi che ne r Chelostonropsis rubifloris (Cockerell) Chelostomu marginaturn incisuloides Michener, (Pl. 13, fig. 26) 1954, Jour. Kansas Ent. SOC., 27:69, 6, 4). Cbelynia rubijloris Cockerell, 1898, Canad. Ent., Type 6, San Joaquin Experimental Range 30:50, 4). Type 9, Seattle, Washington (US. (near O’Neals), Madera County, California, Nat. Mus.). on flowers of Phacelia platyloba (Univ. of Synonyms: edwardsii (Cockerell), 1916; ceanothi Kansas). (Cockerell), 1936. 38 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Plate 5. Lateral view of Chelostomopsis rubifloris (Cockerell), male. THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 39

Map 16. Distribution of Chelostomopsis rubijloris (Cockerell). 40 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Geographic range: Arizona, California, Oregon, (Michener, 1949:47). Alabama Hills, 9, V-29-37 Washington (see map 16). (K.U.). Big Creek, 6,000 ft., 2 9, VI-16-42 (R. California records: M. Bohart, G.E.B.). Alameda Co.: San Antonio Creek, 6, V-14-22 Kern Co.: Glennville, 2 6, IV-24-49, flowers (K.U.). Sunol, 9, IV-10-51 (W. W. Middlekauff, Arctostupbylos (E. G. Linsley, J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). Tesla, 9, IV-23-46, flowers Delpbinium R. F. Smith, C.I.S., K.U.). Walker Pass, 9, IV- (J. W. MacSwain, C.1.S.h 4 9, IV-27-50 (w. F. 26-49 (E. G. Linsley, J. W. MacSwain, R. F. Ehrhardt, K.U.). Smith, C.I.S.). Butte Co.: Yankee Hill, 9, V-12-49 (P. D. Lake Co.: near Clear Lake, 9, V-14-47 (R. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). M. Bohart, V.C.D.). Cobb Mountain, 9, V-7-36 Calaveras Co.: Mokelumne Hill, 8, (F. E. (Michener, 1938:128). Kelseyville, 9, VII-10-29 Blaisdell, C.A.S.). (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.). Lower Lake, 9,-V-13- Contra Costa Co.: Mt. Diablo, IV-26-37, 22 (E. P. Van Duzee, C.A.S.). flowers Pbacelia (Michener, 1938128); IV-26-37, Lassen Co.: Bridge Creek Camp, 9, VII-9-49 flowers Gilia (C. D. Michener, K.U.); 3 4 4 9, (J. E. Gillaspy, C.I.S.). 1V-26-37 (C. D. Michener, K.U.); 2 8, IV-21-34 Los Angeles Co.: Eagle Rock, 6, 9, IV-7-36, (G. E. and R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.); 4 IV-24-37 flowers Salvia mellijera (Michener, 1938:128). (G. E. and R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.); 3 9, same Swartout Valley, VI-3-25, flowers Phacelia data (M. A. Cazier, U.C.R.); 2 8, 9, V-7-39 calilornica (Michener, 1938:128, U.C.R.). Eagle (C.I.S.); 3 9, VI-25-39 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S., Rock Hills, 4 IV-14-33, flowers Rhamnus crocea K.U.); 6, VI-28-39 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.); (Michener, 1938128, K.U.). Altadena, 9, VI-1-35, 4 9, V-18-47 (P. D. Hutd, Jt., C.1.S.k 6 4 flowers Lotus (Michener, 1938:128); 9, V-2-36, IV-18-48, flowers Arctostaphylos (P. D. Hurd, flowers Lotus scoparius (C. D. Michener, K.U.). Jr., C.I.S.);c?, 9, III-14-51 (H. L. Hansen, C.I.S.); Crystal Lake, San Gabriel Mountains, 9, VII-7- 9, 111-24-51 (E. I. Schlinger, U.C.D.); 9, V-30-51 34, flowers Verbena pmstrata (Michener, 193k (E. I. Schlinger, V.C.D.); 4 IV-5-52 (R. 0. 128, K.U.). Rock Creek (grade above), 12 9, Schuster, C.1.S.h 9, V-28-52 (F. X. Williams, V-9-38, flowers Salvia cumosa (P. H. Timberlake, C.A.S.); 9 4 IV-21-53, flowers Salvia (P. D. u.c.R.). Arroyo ~eco.9, VI-25-40, flowers ~ama Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 2 6, VI-21-35, flowers Erio- partyi (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). Griffith Park, dictyon (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). 4 8, 2 9, IV- Los Angeles, 9, IV-12-36, flowers Salvia colum- 21-53 (P. 0. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). Rock City, Mt. bariae (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.). Camp Baldy, 2 q9 Diablo, 11 9, V-24-40 (E. G. Linsley, C.A.S.). Vu[-11-50 (A. T. and M. F. McCIay, U.C.D.>; 8 Marsh Geek, 2 4 2 9, IV-24-37 (G. Ferguson, 9, VI-26-50 (D. C. Blodget, U.C.D., U.C.L.A.). O.S.C.). Marsh Creek Springs, 2 4 9, IV-23-37 Tanbark Flat, San Dimas Experimental Forest, (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.). Curry Creek, 9, V-5- 9, VI-1950 (J. W. kcswain, CIS.); 2 9, VI- 47, flowers Collinsia bicolor (G. E. Bohart, 20-50 (P. D. Hwd, Jr., C.I.S.); 9, VI-21-50 (P. G.E.B.). Antioch, 4 V-8-50 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., D. Hurd, r., C.I.S.); 9, same data (J. D. Paschke, K.U.). C.I.S.); 4, VI-22-50, flowers Compositae (T. R. Eldorado Co.: Camino, 3 mi. S., 9, VI-23-48, Haig, C.1.S.h 2 8, VI-22-50, flowers Cryptantha flowers Pbacelia (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). Placer- (P. D. Hurd,. Jr., C.I.S., K.U.); 3 9, VI-22-50 ville, ?, IV-6-39, flowers Nemophila (G. E. (F. X. Williams, C.A.S.); 4 9, VI-25-50 (p. D. Bohart, G.E.B.). Pollock Pines, 9, VI-22-48, Hurd, Jr., C.1.S.h 8 9, same data (J. W. Mac- flowers Chamaebutiu foliolosa (K. W. Tucker, Swain, C.I.S.); ?, same data (F. X. Williams, C.I.S.); ?, VI-22-48 (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). C.A.S.); 2 $!, VI-27-50, flowers Cryptantha (P. Snowline Camp, 2 9, VI-20-48, 9, VI-27-48, 9, D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 4 9, VI-27-50 (F. X. VI-25-68 (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). Williams, C.A.S.); 6 8, VI-30-50, flowers Helian- Fresno Co.: Auberry, 3 9, IV-13-49 (R. Craig, thus (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S., K.U.); 2 9, VI-30- C.I.S.). Coalinga, 15 mi. W., 6, IV-8-51, flowers 50 (A. T. McClay, U.C.D.); 9, VI-30-50 (R. 0. Layia (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.). Delpiedra, 5 mi. Schuster, C.I.S.); 3 9, VII-2-50, (P. D. Hwd, Jr., N., 3 9, IV-2F53, flowers Trifolium tridentutum C.I.S.); 2 9, same data (A. T. McClay, U.C.D.); (H. L. Hansen, C.I.S.). 9, VII-3-50 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.1.S.); 9, same Humboldt Co.: Fort sward, 9, VI-3-35 (H. J. data (F. X. Williams, C.A.S.); 9, VII-4-50 (K. G. Rayner, G.E.B.). Whitesell, U.C.D.); 2 9, VII-10-50 (A- T. MeClay, Inyo Co.: Oak Creek Canyon, near Independ- U.C.D.); 2, VII-14-50 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); ence, V-28-37, flowers Penstemon breviflorus 9, VII-5-52 (J. F. Powers, U.C.D., U.C.L.A.); THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 41

$, VII-6-52 (Joan Linsley, C.I.S.); 9, VII-15-52 2 4 V-13-49 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). Nelson (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). Point, 9, VII-5-52 (E. I. Schlinger, U.C.D.). .Madera Co.: Bass Lake, 2 9, VI-6-38 (R. M. Quincy, 4 mi. W., VI-21-49(J. W. MacSwain, K.U.); Bohart, U.C.D., G.E.B.); 9, VI-5-42 (C.I.S.). 9, VI-24-49 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.1.S.h 2 6, V1-25- Oakhurst, 9, V-14-42 (C.I.S.); 9, VI-8-42 (E. G. 49 (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S., K.U.); 9, VII-2-49 Linsley, c.I.s.); 3 9, VI-1-42 (c.I.s.); S, 3 9, (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). Tobin, 6, V-13-49 (W. V-19-42, flowers Lupinus (A. J. Walz, U.C.R.). W. Middlekauff, C.I.S.). San Joaquin Experimental Range, 2 9, V-12-46 Riverside Co.: The Gavilan, 9, 111-19-36, (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 9, IV-18-53, flowers flowers Rhus trilobata (Michener, 1938:128, Nemophila muculata (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). U.C.R.). Banning, 9, VI-19-41 (E. c. Van Dyke, Marin Co.: Corte Madera Creek, 8, 111-22-15, C.A.S.). Santa Rosa Mountain, 7,500 ft., & V-31- flowers Arbutus menziesii (L.S., Jr., U.). Fairfax, 40 (C. D. Michener, C.I.S.); (T; VI-1-40 (C.I.S.); 9, IV-12-21 (Michener, 1938128, K.U.). Mill 9, VII-9-49 (J. E. Gillaspy, C.I.S.). Marion Moun- Valley, 6, V-15-25 (H. H. Keifer, C.A.S.); 9, tain Camp, San Jacinto Mountains, 9, VII-1-52 V-24-25 (C. L. FOX,C.A.S.); 9, VI-5-50 (F. X. (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). Stone Creek, San Jacinto Williams, C.A.S.). Mountains, 2 9, flowers Cryptantha intennedia, Mariposa Co.: El Portal, 2 9, V-18-38 (R. M. Lotus duuidsonii (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Bohart, G.E.B.); 2 9, same data (N. F. Hardman, Herkey Creek, San Jacinto Mountains, 9, VI-4-40 C.I.S.). Miami Ranger Station, 2 9, V-24-42 (E. (C. D. Michener, C.1.S.h 9, VI-14-40, flowers G. Linsley, C.I.S.); 2 9,VI-4-42 (E. G. Linsley, Chotizanthe staticoides (C. D. Michener, C.I.S.). U.C.R.). Yosemite, 6, V-26-21 (E. C. Van Dyke, Dark Canyon, San Jacinto Mountains, 9,VI-1 5-40 C.A.S.); 6, V-22-38 (N. F. Hardman, C.1.S.h (T; (C.I.S.). Piiion Flat, San Jacinto Mountains, 9, V-23-38 (IC. B. Snyder, C.1.S.h 2 9, V-31-38 V-18-39 (B. Brookman, C.I.S.). Poppet Flat, San (F. M. Ferguson, K.U.); 6, same data (N. F. Jacinto Mountains, 2 9, VI-1-40, flowers Cryptan- Hardman, C.I.S.). Yosemite, 3,880-4,000 ft., 3 6, tha (C. D. Michener, C.I.S.). Ribbonwood, San 4 9, V-25-38, flowers Cryptantha (R. M. Bohart, Jacinto Mountains, 9, V-21-40, flowers Cryptantha G.E.B.); 8, 9, V-25-38 (J. R. Warren, U.C.R.). (C. D. Michener, C.I.S.). Idyllwild, 9, V-20-39 Wawona, 6, V-21-38 (R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.). (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.); 4 4 V-21-39, flowers Mendocino Co.: Ryan Creek, 2 6, IV-9-39 (N. Cryptantha (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.); 9, V-23-40 F. Hardman, C.1.S.h 9, V-30-49 (R. Craig, c.1.S.); (C. D. Michener, C.I.S.); 9, VI-9-40, flowers c$ IV-12-41 (N. F. Hardman, C.I.S.); 2 9, IV-13-41 Lotus duuidsonii (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 9, (N. F. Hardman, C.I.S.); 9, VI-1-52 (R. Craig, VI-19-40 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.). Keen Camp, C.I.S.). Twin Rocks, 2 9, VII-10-29 (E. C. Van San Jacinto Mountains, 9, VI-6 to 12-17 (E. P. Dyke, C.A.S., K.U.). Yorkville, 5 9, V-1-24 Van Duzee, C.A.S.); 2 6, V-16-39. flowers Ceuno- (Michener, 1938:128). thus, Cryptantha (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.); 2 9, Monterey Co.: Bryson, 9, V-18-20 (E. P. Van V-31-3 9, flowers Penstemon (B. Brookman, Duzee, C.A.S.). Hastings Natural History Reser- C.I.S.); 9, V-31-39, flowers Penstemon (E. G. vation, near Jamesburg, 9, V-28-38 (C. D. Mich- Linsley, K.U.); 9, V-31-39 (R. F. Smith, C.I.S.); ener, K.u.). Paraiso springs, 6 V-6-22 (L. S. 9, VI-1-39, flowers Penstemon(E. S. Ross, C.I.S.); Slevin, C.A.S.). 2 9, VI-9-39, flowers Penstemon (E. S. Ross, Napa Co.: Chiles Valley, 3 9, V-7-39 (E. c. C.I.S.); 2 $!,VI-F39(C.I.S.); 9, VI-lCr39, flowers Van Dyke, C.A.S.). Monticello, & 111-25-30 Penstemon (W. C. Bush, C.I.S.). Keen Camp, 8 (C.I.S.). Mt. St. Helena, 9, 111-10-41 (A. T. Mc mi. W., 9, V-17-33, flowers Penstemon (E. S. Clay, U.C.D.); 9, 111-746, reared from cone of ROSS, C.1.S.h 9, VI-1-39 (E. S. ROSS, C.I.S.). Pinus attenuutu (A. T. McClay, U.C.D.); 9, V- San Benito Co.: Pinnacles National Monument, 15-51 (E. I. Schlinger, U.C.D.); 6 4 5 9, 111-15, 5 8, IV-24-48, flowers Cryptantha, Pbucelia (P. 16,17-51, emerged from cones of Pinus attenuata D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 4 4 2 9, IV-24-48 (J. W. (J. W. Green, J. Helfer, H. B. Leech, CAS.). MacSwain, C.I.S.). Napa, 2 4 IV-14-38 (M. Emburg, K.U.). Pope San Bernardino Co.: Tetley Park, San Bernar- Valley,. c$ 2 9, 111-24-51 (W. W. Middlekauff, din0 Mountains, V-14-36, flowers Nemophila C.I.S.). Menziesii vat. integrifoliu (Michener, 1938128); Nevada Co.: Truckee, 9, VI-15-27 (E. P. Van & V-15-37, flowers Nemophila Menziesii var. Duzee, C.A.S.). integrifolia (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 4 & 4 9, Placer Co.: Lake Tahoe, 2 8, VI-lP36 (R. M. V-8-40. flowers Nemopbih Menziesii var. integri- Bohart, U.C.D., U.C.L.A.). /oh (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 9, V-16-36, Plumas Co.: Meadow Valley, 5,000-6,000 ft., flowers Fruguria culifornica (P. H. Timberlake, 42 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

U.C.R.). Cajon Pass, 1V-13-36 (Michener, 1938: Santa Cruz Co.: 1,500 ft., VI-8-17 (Michener, 128). Crestline, V-23-36, flowers Lotus davidsonii 1938:128, K.U.). Santa Guz Mountains, 9, VI-15- (Michener, 1938:128). 2 9, V-23-36, same flower 22 (S. E. Flanders, C.I.S.). (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.). Mill Creek, San Bernar- Shasta Co.: Burney, 9, VI-9-41 (C. D. Mich- dino Mountains, V-30-36, flowers Pbucelia ener, K.U.). Hat Creek, 6 9, VI-4-41, flowers bmchyloba (Michener, 1938:128); 5 9, V-30-38, Castilleiu and Senecio (C. D. Michener, C.I.S.); flowers Cryptantha intermedia (P. H. Timberlake, 9, VI-4-41, flowers Ceanothus puwijolius (C.I.S.). U.C.R.). Mill Creek, 4,400 ft., 6, 5 ?, V-30-38, Hat Creek, 4 mi. S., 2 9, VI-5-41, flowers flowers CY ptantha intermedia (P. H. Timberlake, Ceanothus and Wyethia (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). U.C.R.); $, V-30-38, flowers Mimulus fremontii Hat Creek, 4 mi. S., 2 9, VI-5-41, flowers (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Mill Creek, 4,800 Phacelia (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). Old Station, ft., 2 8, V-13-40, flowers Gilia exiZis (P. H. 9, VI-16-41 (C.I.S.). Rock Creek, & VI-8-41 Timberlake, U.C.R.); 9, V-13-40, flowers Phace- (C.I.S.). Manzanita Lake, 4 VI-12-41, flowers lia davidsonii (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Mill Arctostaphylos neuadensis (C. D. Michener, Creek, 6,000 ft., 8, V-12-41, flowers Ribes C.I.S.). Shingletown, 9 6 V-23-41, flowers Mimulus roezlii (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 2 4 VI-4-44, (C. D. Michener, C.I.S.); 9, V-24-41, flowers flowers Cryptantha lepida (P. H. Timberlake, Ranunculus (C. D. Michener, K.U.). U.C.R. ); 6, VII-2-44, flowers Cryptantha lepida Siskiyou Co.: Hamburg, ?, V-14-51 (R. P. (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 6 6, IV-26-46, some Allen, C.A.S.). Mt. Shasta, 2 3, 9, V-23-52 (J. on flowers Arctostaphylos patula, 1 ? on Cerco- G. Rozen). Sawyers Bar, 9, VI-1937 (I. Mc carpus feditofius (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); Cracken, K.U.). & 9, V-20-46, flowers Arctostaphylos drupacea Sonoma Co.: Sonoma (south), 9, VI-19-40 (J. (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); c$ V-23-48, flowers A. Kusche, C.A.S.). Cazadero, & III-23.35 (G. E. Arctostupbylos patula (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); and R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.); 8 8, VI-25-33 (G. E. & V-26-48, flowers Ribes roezlii (P. H. Timber- and R. M.. Bohart, G.E.B.). lake, U.C.R.); & V-25-50, flowers Pbacelia Stanislaus Co.: Adobe Creek, 3 9, IV-6-48, davidsonii (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); c$ 9, flowers Pbaceliu (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.); 2 4 V-28-50, flowers Cryptantha lepida (P. H. Timber- IV-20-48 (R. F. Smirh, C.1.S.X 3 4 V-6-48, flowers lake, U.C.R.); 3 $, VIII-27-51, flowers Cryptantha Phacelia(J.W. MacSwain and R. F. Smith, C.I.S.); lepida (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Mill Creek, 9,V-11-48, flowers Melilotus (R. F. Smith, C.I.S.); 6,200 ft., 3 6, V-22-38, flowers Arctostaphylos 6, IV-6-49, flowers Arctostaphylos (R. F. Smith, dnrpucea (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 6, 9, V-29- C.1.S.h 2 9, IV-20-49, flowers Stenotopsis 38, same flowers (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 8, V- lineatifolius (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). Del Puerto 30-39, same flowers (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); Canyon, 8, 2 8, V-11-48, flowers Eriodictyon 4 V-30-40, same flowers (P. H. Timberlake, (R. F. Smith, C.I.S.). U.C.R.). Valley of the Falls, San Bernardino Trinity Co.: Carrville, 2,400-2,500 ft., 8, Mountains, V-25-35, flowers Phacelia davidsonii V-15-34 (Michener, 1938:128, U.C.D.); 9, V-22- (Michener, 1938129). Seven Oaks, San Bernardino 34 (U.S.A.C.); ?3, VI-3.34 (B. J. Hall, U.C.R.); Mountains, 9, VI-14-50, flowers Radicula nastut- 9, VI-15-34 (B. J. Hall, U.C.R.); 2 ?, VI-19-34 tium-aquaticum (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Lake (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.). Arrowhead, 9, VI-13-50 (G. P. Taylor, G.E.B.). Tulare Co.: Ash Mountain, 6, 9, IV-27-50 Camp Baldy, 9, VII-7-52 (R. M. Bohart, U.C.D.). (L. W. Isaak, U.C.D.). California Hot Springs, San Mateo Co.: Redwood City, 9, V-10-52 5 9, VI-2, 3-39 (E. C. Van Dyke, CAS.); 8, (J. 1. Stage). (E. R. Leach, U.C.R.). Coffee Camp, VI-11-25, Santa Clara Co.: Alum Rock Park, 9, IV-21-51 flowers Lotus laber (Michener, 1938:128). (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). Mt. Hamilton, 9, V-25- Kaweah River, 3 5, V-10-38, flowers Ceanothus 50, flowers Eriodictyon (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.). integem?mus and Plagiobotbrys nothofulvus (P. Morgan Hill, 9, VI-16-22 (C.I.S.). San Antonio H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Pine Flat, 2 9, V-3-47, Ranger Station, 9, III-1 $51, flowers Cryptantha flowers Potentilla glandulosa (P. H. Timberlake, (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.1.S.h 4 9, VI-27-53( (G. A. U.C.R.). Potwisha, Sequoia National Park, 9, Marsh, C.I.S.). San Antonio Valley, 6, IV-20-48, V-17-29. 9, V-18-29, 9, V-20-29, 2 9, VI-2-29 (R. F. Smith, C.I.S.); 9,VI-6-48 (J. W. MacSwain, (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.). Sequoia Lake, VI-12- C.I.S.). Stanford University campus, 6, 111-1 9-16, 25, flowers Horkelia (Michener, 1938:129). Spring- flowers Ceanothus cuneutus (R. Stinchfield, ville, 3 mi. E., 3 ?, IV-30-47, flowers Eriodictyon L.S., Jr., U.). Stevens Creek, 2 8, V-28-52 (D. califonricum (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Three Burdic k ). THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 43

Plate 6. Lateral view of Hoplitis producta gracilis (Michener), male. 44 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Rivers, 5 mi. S., 9, V-1-47 (P. H. Timberlake, between these two surfaces. There are seven U.C.R.). exposed terga in the male, and the sixth usually Tuolumne Co.: Pinecrest, 5,400 ft., 2 c$ VI- is angulate or toothed laterally. The posterior 16-52, flowers Nemophila (R. R. Snelling). coxae lack carinae along their inner ventral Tuolumne City, 9, VI-5-53, flowers Trifolium angles, unlike those of Diceratosmia (pl. 3, fig. 4). melananthum (J. G. Rozen, C.I.S.). Hoplitis is widespread throughout the entire Discussion: Holarctic region. The southernmost records for This is a common spring and early summer North America are only a short distance south bee in coastal and montane California. Records of the Mexican border. Among the nine Nearctic in Oregon (Corvallis; Eagle Ridge, Klamath Lake; subgenera, six are known from California, and Elam, Griffith Creek, Jackson Co.; Kane Creek, 23 species occur in this state. The American 5 mi. W. Gold Hill; Klamath Falls; Soda Springs, species of the genus (except for the subgenera Benton Co.) and Washington (Seattle) are scarce, Robertsonella and Formicapis) were revised by suggesting that the species may be much rarer Michener (13471, and species of the subgenera there. Since the species is apparently absent Formicapis and Robertsonella were reviewed by from the California deserts (there is but a single the same author (1938~). collection east of the Sierra Nevada crest) and Species of Hoplitis fly for the most part in spring is unknown in the Rocky Mountains, its OCCW- and early summer. Although most species are more rence in the mountains of Arizona (Parker Creek, or less polylectic, they are not as thoroughly SO as Workman Creek in the Sierra Ancha; Prescott some species of Heriades. Most Hoplitis collect and 32 miles S. Prescott) is most surprising.It pollen primarily from flowers with papilionaceous has been reared from cones of Pinus attenuata or tubular flowers, such as the Leguminosae, which were collected at Mt. St. Helena, California. Scrophulariaceae, Labitaceae, Polemoniaceae, and Hydrophyllaceae . Even among these families, there are definite preferences, there being USU- ally one or two species of flowers in each locality which seem to be preferred. As indicated under Genus Hoplitis Klug certain species, there are a few more strictly oligolectic forms. As with many bees, males are usually in flight some days before the females. This is one of the rather large genera of bees Something is known of the nesting habits of considered in this study. There is much diversity several American species of Hoplitis. As with among the species which are therefore divided a great many other solitary bees, each nest among numerous subgenera, nine of which occur consists of a row of cells, one above another, in North America. Six of these were regarded as in a tubular hole in a stem, in wood, or in the distinct genera for many years. Two so-called soil. Each cell is provided with a mass of semi- genera, Robertsonella add Formicapis, are here solid pollen or bee bread on which an egg is relegated to the level of subgenera for the first laid. According to Graenicher (1905), the mass time. Each contains but a single species. The is conical in H. producta, and the egg is laid thorax in each subgenus is slightly but not much on the summit. After provisioning, the cell is longer than in other Hoplitis. This is a minor sealed by the parent. The larva rapidly eats the difference compared to t.he many similarities. pollen mass, then rests for a long period as a tt Hoplitis consists of moderately robust to slen- prepupa. ” Overwintering occurs in this stage, der bees, usually black but sometimes brilliantly within a thin but tough and paperlike cocoon metallic, sometimes with the metasoma red. The spun by the larva. The cocoons of Hoplitis, so basal area of the propodeum slants strongly to far as known, lack the nipplelike projection at the rear and merges with the even more steeply one end, often present in megachilid cocoons. slanting posterior part of the propodeurn. The Pupation takes place in the spring, and the adult metanotum is dorsal in position in the subgenus emerges soon thereafter. Formicapis, slopes pos teriorly in Robertsonella, In common with those of most Megachilidae, and is distinctly on the posterior surface of the the cells are separated by partitions of various thorax in other forms. The anterior surface of materials characteristic for the species, and the first metasomal tergum bears a longitudinal often brought into the nest. In the following sulcus, and ordinarily the sculpturing of the account emphasis is placed on those features anterior surface grades into that of the dorsal of the nests which appear to differ among the surface, there being a gradually rounded angle species and subgenera. THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 45

Plate 7. Lateral view of Hoplitis albzf~onsmama (Cresson), male. 46 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

The species of the subgenus Alcidamea stems. The partitions between the cells consist whose habits are known all nest in the pithy of loose, uncemented, coarse particles of pith, cores -of dead stems or canes of various plants. apparently from the stem in which the nest is Nests of Hoplitis (Alcidamea) producfa producta built. have been described by several authors (Graeni- The only species of the subgenus Dasyosmia cher, 1905; Comstock, 1924; Hicks, 1926; Rau, whose nesting is known is H. biscutellae. Linsley 1928). This bee makes the partitions between and MacSwain (1943) record this species nesting cells of parts of leaves, chewed into a feltlike, in a bank. It is our only Hoplitis known to nest pliable mass which dries to form a very firm, in soil. hard plug. Davidson (1896) described, under the The nests of H. (Andronicus) cylindn'ca have name producta, nests which probably actually been described by Hicks (1926). They are built belonged to the closely related H. grinnelli in dry pithy stems, as with Alcidamea and grinnelli. The partitions are said to be made of Cyrtosmia, and the partitions 'between the cells pith and clay. H. brachyodonta (a probable appear to consist of fine particles of pith ce- synonym of grinnelli grinnelli) is reported by mented together to make hard compact messes. Hicks (1933) to use plant material apparently A curious feature is that apparently the adults similar to that used by producta but sometimes normally escape by cutting their way out through supplemented by small pebbles. It may be that the stem walls instead of by emerging through the use of soil material (clay or pebbles) is the original nest entrance and working through characteristic of grinnelli. It is also possible the plugs and debris above them. that the pith mentioned by Davidson was actually Two nests of Hoplitis (Monumetha) fulgida masticated and subsequently dried leaf material. were described by Hicks (1926). One was in a Of H. producta gracilis and H. sambuci all that hole, apparently made by a beetle, in a stump; is known is that they nest in pithy stems. Nests the other was in a woody stem. Partitions be- of the former have been mentioned (as productus) tween the cells consist of masticated plant by Linsley and h4acSwain (1943); those of the material and pebbles. The cells are irregularly latter, by Titus (1904) and Linsley and MacSwain and widely spaced, as with certain other Hymen-

(1943). H. sambuci has also been reared from optera which appropriate abandoned burrows 3 of stems collected by Michener in southern Cali- other insects. fornia. Although H. albifrons is a common and wide- Nests of the only known species of the sub- spread species, the nesting habits of this Monv genus Cyrtosmia, H. hypocrita, were described metha are unknown. However, a female of H. by Hicks (1926) and have been found by Michener albifrons mama has been collected, carrying a in southern California. As in the subgenus pulpy, green mass, apparently consisting of Alcidamea, the nests are placed in dry pithy macerated leaf tissue.

Key to the American Subgenera of Hoplitis2 Males

1. Mandibles bidentate ...... 2 Mandibles tridentate (as in pl. 18, fig. 67) ...... Cyrtosmia (p. 74) 2(1). First and second metasomal sterna each with a median posterior spine or angle ...... Monumetha (p. 8 1) First and second sterna without median posterior spines or angles, although first may have elevated blunt apical angulation ...... 3 3(2). Last antennal segment expanded and produced to one side (as in pl. 15, fig. 40) ...... Acrosmia (p. 78) Last antennal segment rounded or pointed, not expanded (as in pl. 14, figs.31,33,34,35) . 4

*The subgenera Andronicus and Robertsonella are unknown in the California region and are not treated elsewhere in this study. THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 47

4(3). Seventh metasomal tergum at least feebly and commonly deeply emarginate medially (as in pl. 16, fig. 45) (except rarely in Hoplitina which may be recognized by the largely red metasoma)...... 5 Seventh tergum rounded (pl. 16, fig. 48), truncate (pl. 16, fig. 46), or pointed (pl. 16, fig. 50), sometimes trifid (pl. 17, fig. 58) (metasoma not red) ...... 6 5(4). Seventh metasomal tergum four-lobed, the median lobes rather close together and exceeding others; metasoma black ...... Formicapis (p. 54) Seventh tergum bilobed (as in pl. 16, figs. 42, 43) (rarely subtruncate); metasoma partly or largely red ...... Jloplitina (p. 48) 6(4). Seventh metasomal tergum simple, broadly rounded; antennae unmodified; clypeus densely clothed with short hairs ...... Robertsonella Seventh tergum produced to a pointed or truncate apex; antennae modified, the scape often thickened, the last segment pointed or the middle flagellar segme'nts thickened; clypeus with the usual long hairs ...... 7 7(6). Third to fifth flagellar segments conspicuously broader than others; first metasomal sternum with median apical elevation ...... Andronicus Third to fifth flagellar segments not broad; first metasomal sternum with margin simple (except H. biscutellae) ...... 8 8(7). Antennal pedicel almost completely hidden in concavity at end of scape when antenna is in normal position (as in pl. 15, fig. 37); posterior coxae edentate ...Alcidamea (p. 54) Antennal pedicel exposed (as in pl. 14, fig. 35); posterior coxae each with broad ventral tooth ...... Dasyosmia (p. 75)

Females

1. Mandibles clearly quadridentate or approaching the quinquedentate condition (as in pl. 18, fig.61) ...... 2 Mandibles tridentate, sometimes with a weak convexity between second and third teeth (as inpl. 18, fig. 63) ...... 4 2(1). Clypeus low and broad with median apical snout; mandibles each with broad apical margin bearing two long lower teeth, above which is an undulate margin which may be regarded as forming either two or three low teeth ...... Formicapis (p. 54) Clypeus of normal shape, without snout; mandible clearly quadridentate (as in pl. 18, fig. 70) ...... 3 3(2). Body brilliantly metallic or, if black, with at least some black hair; distance between apices of first and fourth mandibular teeth more than one and one-half times width of mandible at narrowest point ...... Monumetha (p. 81) Body black, with pubescence entirely pale; distance between apices of first and fourth mandibular teeth less than one and one-half times width of mandible at narrowest point ...... Andronicus 4(1). Median mandibular tooth almost twice as far from upper as from lower tooth; a weak convexity present between second and third teeth (pl. 18, fig. 63)...... Cyrtosmia(p. 74) Median mandibular tooth more nearly midway between upper and lower teeth (as in pl. 18, fig.66) ...... 5 5(4). Anterior median part of metanotum as high as convexity of mesoscutellum; sixth tergum nearly straight in profile if smooth projecting apical rim is ignored ...... 6 Metanotum on posterior face of thorax so that anterior median part is lower than convexity of mesoscutellum; punctate part of sixth tergum usually concave in profile .... 7 6(5). Metasoma black ...... Robertsonella Metasoma partly or wholly red ...... Hoplitina (p. 48) BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Mandibles slender, each distinctly narrower just beyond base than at base, width at narrowest point one-third the mandibular length or less ...... Acrosmia (P. 78) Mandibles robust, not markedly narrowed near bases, width at narrowest point more than one- third the mandibular length ...... 8 Apices of mandibles nearly as broad as eye; distal parts of forewings with minute papillae, median parts with very few hairs ...... Dasyosmia(p. 75) Apices of mandibles much narrower than eye; wings finely hairy throughout, without papillae ...... Alcidamea (p. 54)

Subgenus Hoplitina Cockerel1 with the subgenera Formicapis and Robertsonella. All the species are small, the largest tieing 8 mm. in length. Discussion: The six species of Hoplitina are all found in The species of Hoplitina may readily be California, three of them in the deserts and three separated from all our species of Hoplitis except in cismontane California. Except for H. howardi, H. rufina by the red or partly red abdomen. which is sometimes rather abundant, they are Hoplitina has the thorax more elongate than in scarce, being far less common than the similarly most Hoplitis, almost as in Robertsonella. The colored small bees in the genera Ashmeadiella unmodified male antennae suggest a relationship and Proteriades.

Key to the California species of Hoplitha Males First flagellar segment about twice as long as broad (as in pl. 14, fig. 31); sixth metasomal tergum without lateral teeth (as in pl. 16, fig. 45) (sometimes with weak angle at each side)...... 2 First flagellar segment little longer than broad (pl. 14, fig. 27); sixth metasomal tergum with a tooth at each side (as in pl. 16, fig. 42) ...... 3 Clypeus with disc uniformly punctate ...... linsdalei (p. 52) Clypeus with upper median part nearly impunctate and strongly protuberant...... bullifacies (p. 52) Seventh metasomal tergum with distinct median apical emargination (pl. 16, fig. 42) ...... houardi (p- 49) Seventh metasomal tergum subtruncate (as in pl. 16, fig. 43), the margin very weakly concave medially(or not concave) ...... 4 Clypeus with basal, median, longitudinal keeled elevation .... bunocephala(p. 49) Clypeus evenly- convex basally ...... mazourka (p. 52)

Females

1. Clypeus gently convex and uniformly punctate throughout, except for the apical margin ...... howardi (p. 49) Clypeus with a partly impunctate prominence or with upper part conspicuously convex and shining, impunctate or nearly so ...... 2 Upper two-thirds of clypeus evenly convex ...... 3 Clypeus with a high, basal, median, longitudinally keeled prominence bunocephala (p. 49) Clypeal truncation demarked by distinct angles ...... bulli/acies(p. 52) ClvDeal truncation rounded laterallv so that it is not dearly demarked . rnojavensis(p. 52) THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 49

Hoplitis howardi (Cockerell) glaber; 9, IV-21-26, flowers L. glaber, 9, IV-23- (PI. 14, fig. 29; pl. 16, fig. 42; pl. 18, fig. 66) 26, flowers L. glaber, 9, V-4-26, flowers L. strigosus; 4 IV-21-27; 9, IV-16-28, flowers L. Ashmeadiella howardi Cockerell, 1710, Ann. Mag. scoparius; $!, IV-18-28, flowers L. scoparius; Nati Hist., (8)5:22, 9 (8is Ashmeadiella 9, IV-28-28, flowers L. scoparius; 9, IV-27-34, salviae). Type 9, San Gabriel Mountains, flowers L. scoparius; 2 9, IV-16-35, flowers L. California (U.S. Nat. Mus.). glaber(al1 collected by P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); Synonyms: pentamera (Cockerell), 1710; hesperia 9, VI-1-37 (P. DeBach, U.C.R.). San Jacinto (Gawford), 1716. River, 4,000 ft., 6, V-30-40 (Michener, 1747:274). Geographic range: California (see map 17). Temecula, 6, 9, IV-11-50 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., K.U.). Calif orn ia records : Temecula, 10 mi. S.E., 9, IV-18-50, flowers Contra Costa Co.: Rock City, Mt. Diablo, 4 6 Lotus (E. G. Linsley, c.I.s.). The Gavilan, 9, 9, V-24-40 (Michener, 1747:274, C.A.S., K.U.). V-18-51 (E. I. Schlinger, U.C.D.). Mt. Diablo, 8, V-12-52 (F. X. Williams, C.A.S.). San Bernardino Co.: Redlands (Michener, Las Trampas Ridge, west of Dandle, 1,500 ft., 1947:274). Trail above Glen Ivy, San Bernardino 9, V-24-47 (F. X. Williams, C.A.S.). Mountains, 6, 2 9, V-13-28, flowers Lotus SCO- Kern Co.: Frazier Mountain, c$ VI-2-38 (V. K. arius (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Verdemont, Wilt, U.C.R.). !, V-1-46 (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Los Angeles Co.: Altadena, 2 6, V-13-34, San Diego Co.: Campo, 2 9, VI-28-37 (R. M. flowers Lotus scoparius (C. D. Michener, C.I.S., Bohart, V.C.D.). Mt. Palomar, 4 VI-13-50 (F. X. G.E.B.); 7 6, 9, VI-1-35 (C. D. Michener, C.I.S., Williams, C.A.S.). K.U., O.S.C.); 9, VI-28-35 (C. D. Michener, Santa Clara Co.: Alum Rock Park, 8, IV-21- U.C.R.); 9, V-2-36, flowers Lotus scoparius 51 (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.); 6, V-24-52 (D. (C. D. Michener, K.U.); 6 9, VI-14-36 (C. D. Burdick). Michener, G.E.B., K.U.); 9, VI-16-36 (Michener, Tulare Co.: Potwisha, Sequoia National Park, 1947:274, K.U.). Claremont (Michener, 1%7:274). 9, VI-2-27 (Michener, 1947:274, C.A.S.). Eagle Rock, 9 6 2 9, V-3-36, flowers Lotus Discuss ion : scoparius (Michener, 1747:274). La Crescenta This is the common Hoplitina of cismontane (Michener, 1747:274). Los Angeles (Michener, California. It appears to visit principally the 1%7:274). Newhall, 8, IV-20-40 (R. M. Bohart, flowers of Lotus, especially L. scoparius. G.E.B.). Pasadena, 6, V-5-10 (F. Grinnell, U.C.R.); 8, VI-6-26 (C.I.S.). Puente Hills, 2 c$ V-9-26, flowers Cryptantha intermedia (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.K.); 6, V-11-30, flowers Lotus Hoplitis bunocephala Michener scoparius (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). San (Pl. 16, fig. 43) Gabriel Mountains (Michener, 1947:274). Tanbark Flat, San Dimas Experimental Forest, 9, VI-1 3-50 Hoplitis (Hoplitina) bunocephala Michener, 1747, (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). 9, VI-20-50, flowers Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 89:276, 6 9. Lotus (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 9, VI-21-50 (J. D. Type 9, Mt. Diablo, Contra Costa County, Paschke, C.I.S.); 8, VI-22-50, 9, VI-23-50 (F. X. California, on flowers Lotus (Amer. Mus. Nat. Williams, C.A.S.); 9, VI-24-50 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., His t. 1. C.I.S.); 9, VI-25-50 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 9, Geographic range: California (see map 18). VI-27-50 (A. T. McClay, U.C.D.); 9, VII-20-50, California records: flowers Lotus (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.1.S.); 9, VII- Amador Co.: Ione, 9, V-16-37, flowers Lotus 3-50 (F. X. Williams, C.A.S.); 9, VII-7-50 (J. C. (Michener, 1747:276, U.C.R.). Ione, 5 mi. N., 8, Hall, U.C.D.); 6,VII-5-52 (R. M. Bohart, U.C.D.); 9, V-16-37, flowers Lotus (Michener, 1747:276, 9, VII-12-52 (H. L. Mathis, U.C.D.). K.U.). Monterey Co. :Has tings Natural His tory Reser- Contra Costa Co.: Mt. Diablo, 6, 9, IV-26-37, vation, near Jamesburg, 3, V-26-38, 9, VI-3-38, one on flowers Lotus (Michener, 1747:276, 9, VI-10-38 (Michener, 1%7:274, K.U.). U.C.R.); 6, IVz24-37 (G. E. and R. M. Bohart, Riverside Co.: Mt. San Jacinto, 4,000 ft., 9, G.E.B.); 6, V-8-38 (G. E. and R. M. Bohart, VI-6-42 (R. M. Boharr, G.E.B.). Murrieta, 2 6, G.E.B.). Rock City, Mt. Diablo, 8, V-24-40 IV-18-50 (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). Perrk, 1% mi. (Michener, 1747:277, C.A.S.). W., & V-27-38, flowers Salvia (P. H. Timberlake, Napa Co.: Mt. St. Helena, 4 9, V-15-51 (J. C. U.C.R.). Riverside, 9, IV-14-25, flowers Lotus Hall and E. I. Schlinger, U.C.D.).

52 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Tuolumne Co.: Tuolumne City, 4 VI-8-53, 6, 9, V-1947 (R. M. Bohart, U.C.D.). Big Pine VI-14-53 (J. G. Rozen, C.I.S.). Creek, 7,5.00 ft., 4 4 6 9, VI-12-42, 2 6, 6 9, Discus sion : VI-17-42, 3 9, VI-20-42, 3 9, VI-27-42 (R. M. This species is easily distinguished in both Bohart, C.I.S., G.E.B., K.U.). Cartago, 9, V-2- sexes from all other Hoplitis by the very high 27, flowers Phacelia a/f. fremontii (Michener, and longitudinally keeled prominence of the 1947:275). clypeus. San Bernardino Co.: Cactus Flat, San Bernar- dino Mountains, 4 9, IV-28-50, flowers Phacelia (T. F. Leigh, C.I.S.). Kramer Junction, 8, V-1-53 Hoplitis mojavensis Michener (G. A. Marsh, C.I.S.). Discussion: Hoplitis (Hoplitina) mojavensis Michener, 1947, The male tentatively associated with this Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 89:275, 9. Type species when it was first described is now known 9, 11 miles south of Victorville, California, to belong to another species, H. mazourka. The on flowers Phacelia fremontii (Timberlake true male of bullifacies was described in another collection, U.C.R.). paper (Michener, 1954~).In its long antennae and Geographic range: California (see map 19). edentate sixth metasomal tergum, the male agrees California re cords: with H. linsdalei, the female of which may there- Inyo Co.: West of Lone Pine, 6,000 ft., V-19- fore be expected to resemble bullifacies in some 37, flowers Phacelia (Michener, 1947:276, K.U.). respects. The female of bullifacies is most San Bernardino Co.: Victorville, 11 mi. S., 9, similar to H. mojavensis, from which it differs IV-27-37, flowers Phacelia fremontii (Michener, most strikingly in the larger size and the clearly 1947:276, A. M.N.H.). defined clypeal truncation. San Diego Co.: Borego, 9, IV-2-53, flowers Cryptantha barbigera (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). Dis cussion: Hoplitis mazourka Michener A single female specimen from Morongo, California, on Nama demissum, April 19, 1937 Hoplitis (Hoplitina) mazourka Michener, 1954, (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.), apparently represents Pan-Pacific Ent., 30:38, 2 Type 8, Mazourka another species close to mojavensis, differing Canyon, Inyo Mountains, Inyo County, Cali- by having the clypeal truncation feebly defined, fornia, 7,500 feet altitude, on flowers Phacelia, the frons not swollen, and the mesoscutum con- (Univ. of Kansas). spicuously more finely punctate than the vertex. Geographic range: California (see map 21 ). H. mojavensis is our smallest species of California records: Hoplitis, being only 4.5 mm. long. It is closely San Bernardino Co.: Kramer Junction, 8, IV- related to another desert species, H. builzfacies, 30-53 (Michener, 1954:38). both of which have a rounded prominence on the Discuss ion: upper part of the clypeus (instead of a keeled This species, known only from two specimens, one as in H. bunocephala). H. mojavensis differs was originally described as the probable male most conspicuously from bullifacies by the of H. bullifacies. With the discovery of the true rounded clypeal margin and the coarsely punctate male of that species, H. mazourka was named. lower part of the clypeus in the female. It is similar to H. bunocepbala in many features, but differs by the uniformly convex clypeus which is punctured throughout. Hoplitis bulli facies Michener (Pl. 16, fig. 44) Hoplitis linsdalei Michener Hoplitis (Hoplitina) bullifacies Michener, 1947, (Pl. 14, fig. 31; pl. 16, fig. 45) Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 89:274, 9, not 6. Type 9, 4 miles west of Lone Pine, Inyo Hoplitis (Hoplitina) linsdalei Michener, 1747, County, California (Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.). Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 89:277, & Type Geographic range: California (see map 20). 6, Hastings Natural History Reservation, near California records: James burg, Santa Lucia Mountains , Monterey Inyo Co.: Lone Pine, 4 mi. W., 9, V-19-37 County, California, elevation 1,900 to 2,700 (Michener, 1947:275, K.U.). Lone Pine Creek, ft. (Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.). Map 21. Distribution of Hoplitis mazourka Michenet. Map 22. Distribution of Hoplitis iinsdalei Michener. 54 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Geographic range: California (see map 22). Bri tis h Columbia, A1 berta, Sa s ka tcha wan, Discussion: Colorado, Montana, Oregon, California (see This is the largest species of the subgenus map 23). and is known from a single male specimen. It California records: most closely resembles H. bullifacies, but dif- Shasta Co.: Mt. Lassen, 9, VII-30-47 (R. M. fers strikingly from that species by the uniformly Bohart, G.E.B.). punctate and nonprotuberant clypeus. Discussion: H. clypeata has been collected on flowers of Taraxacum at Fort Resolution, Great Slave Lake, Subgenus Formicapis Sladen Canada. No other floral records are known to us.

Disc us sion: This northern and montane subgenus, previously regarded as a distinct genus, contains a single small black species. This is readily Subgenus AZcidamea Cresson recognized by the large head of the female, the clypeus of which bears a short median apical snout, and by the four-lobed seventh metasomal Discussion : tergum of the male. The mandible of the female This is our largest subgenus of Hoplitis, has a greatly broadened apex that bears two containing nine American species, and is the sharp teeth, above which is an undulate margin; only one that occurs in the Palearctic as well these undulations appear to make the mandible as the Nearctic regions. It consists of black either four- or five-toothed, depending upon the species with white, gray, or yellowish pubes- interpretation. A character used in previous cence which forms transverse fasciae on the studies on genera in this group (Michener, 1W1, metasomal terga. The robust antennae with acute- 1944a) involves the position of the first recurrent ly pointed apices are nearly diagnostic of the vein. In Formicapis it is usually interstitial males of this subgenus. The subgenus Cyttosmia with the first transverse cubital or a short dis- has pointed antennae, but they are long and tance on either side of it, whereas in other slender; one species of Dasyosmia has pointed megachilids the first recurrent is usually dis- antennae but it is readily distinguished by the tinctly distad to the first transverse cubital. enormous projection on the first metasomal ster- This character breaks down completely, however, num (projections on the second are common in since in a few specimens of Hoplitis albifrons Alcidamea); some males of H. (Monumetha) al- and cylindrica, the veins are interstitial. bifrons have pointed antennae but ,are readily distinguished by the characters mentioned in the key to subgenera. Females are superficially Hoplitis clypeata (Sladen) similar to certain species of the genus Ash- meadieiia but can be distinguished at once by Formicapis clypeata Sladen, 1916, Canad. Ent., the lack of a carina between the anterior and the 48:271, 9. Type 9, Banff, Alberta. (Canad. lateral faces of the mesepisterna. Species of Nat. Collection, Ottawa). Dasyosmia are larger and more robust than those Geographic range: Alaska, Northwest Territories, of Alcidamea.

Key to the California Species of Alcidamea Males

1. Seventh metasomal tergum truncate or subtruncate (pl. 16, figs. 46, 48); second metasomal sternum without protuberance or projection...... 2 Seventh metasomal tergum pointed or rarely narrowly rounded (as in pl. 16, fig. 50); second metasomal sternum with median protuberance orprojection ...... 3 2(1). Subapical breadth of seventh metasomal tergum less than one-half of distance between lateral teeth of sixth metasomal tergum (pl. 16, fig. 48); first flagellar segment broader THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 55

Map 23. Distribution of Hoplitis clypeata (Sladen). 56 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

than long or at least as broad as long ...... sanhci (P. 57) Subapical breadth of seventh metasomal tergum over half of distance between lateral teeth of sixth metasomal tergum (pl. 16, fig. 46); first flagellar segment longer than broad ...... Lruncata(p. 60) 3(1). Head longer than broad, produced noticeably above summits of eyes . elongaticeps (p. 67) Head not, or rarely very slightly, longer than broad, not produced noticeably above summits of eyes ...... 4 4(3). Antennal scape more than 2.5 times as long as broad (as in pl. 15, fig. 37); fringe of third metasomal sternum with dense median section so that there appears to be a median tuft, longer hairs of this tuft bent near the middle, so that distal part of tuft is directed toward the body or parallel to it ...... 5 Antennal scape greatly thickened, markedly less than 2.5 times as long as broad (as in PI. 15, fig. 38); fringe of third metasomal sternum variable but hairs not bent as described above...... 6 5(4). Projection of second metasomal sternum large and high, one-third to one-fifth as high as dorsoventral thickness of metasoma; margins of projection as seen in profile meeting in a strongly acute angle if projected ...... grinnelli (p. 69) Projection of second metasomal sternum small and low, only about one-seventh as high as thickness of metasoma; margins of projection as seen in profile meeting in a right angle or slightly acute angle if projected ...... brachyodonta (p. 74) 6(4). Projection of second metasomal sternum small, only about one-seventh as high as dorsoventral thickness of metasoma; maxillary galeae at least as long as length of head (measured in side view from apex of clypeus to summit of vertex) ...... colei(p. 67) Pmjection of second metasomal sternum larger, usually more than one-seventh as high as thickness of metasoma; maxillary galeae shorter than head ...... 7 7(6). Length 9 mm. or more ...... uvulalis (p. 69) Length 8 mm. or less ...... producta (p. 62)

Females

1. Metasomal terga two to four each with deep transverse basal furrow behind gradulus (not visible if metasoma is elevated and segments retracted); rather robust, coarsely punctate species ...... 2 Metasomal terga with basal furrows less deep, that of fourth segment nearly absent; usually more slender, more finely punctate species ...... 3 2( 1). Punctures of sixth metasomal tergum very fine, contrasting strongly with those of fifth ...... sambuci (p. 57) Punctures of sixth metasomal tergum as coarse as those of fifth, at least medially ...... truncata (p. 60) 3(1). Head markedly longer than broad; length 5.5 mm. or less .....elongaticeps (p. 67) Head at least as broad as long, rarely very little longer than broad in colei; length usually more than 5.5 mm...... 4 4(3). Maxillary galeae at least as long as head (measured in side view from apex of clypeus to summit of vertex); clypeal truncation broad, gently convex, weakly emarginate medially ...... colei(p. 67) hlaxillary galeae shorter than head; clypeal margin with shallow median emargination . 5 5(4). Fifth metasomal tergum with apical fascia of white pubescence ....grinnelli (p. 69) Fifth metasomal tergum not fasciate ...... 6 THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 57

a5). Length 9 mm. or more; punctures of sixth metasomal tergum fine and close so that the tergum appears rather dull ...... uvulalis (p. 69) Length almost always less than 9 mm., punctures of sixth metasomal tergum somewhat coarser, tergumless dull ...... pmducta (p. 62)

Hoplitis sarnbuci Titus Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, 6, 2 9, VI-16-28, (Pl. 15, fig. 41; pl. 16, fig. 48) flowers Stanleya pinnata (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Pasadena, 2 8, 11-8-28 (C. H. Hicks, Hoplitis sambuci Titus, 1904 Proc. Ent. SOC. U.C.R.); 8, V-22-25 (C.I.S.). Puddingstone Wash., 6101, 8, $!.Type $, Pullman, Wash. Canyon, $!, V-8-34 (C. D. Michener, K.U.). Tan- (US.Nat. Mus.). bark Flat, San Dimas Experimental Forest, 4 Geographic range: British Columbia, California, VI-17-50 (A. T. McClay, U.C.D.); c$ VI-19-50 Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, and Washington (J. C. Hall, U.C.D.); 8, 6 $!, VI-23-50, flowers (see map 24). Lotus (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S., K.U.); 3 8, 2 9, California records: VI-1950, some on flowers Lotus (E. G. Linsley, Butte Co.: Feather River Highway, 2 9, VI- K.U.); 2 6, 5 $!, VI-19-50 (J. W. MacSwah, C.I.S., 14-40 (T. H. G. Aitken and M. A. Cazier, C.A.S.). K.U.); 8, VI-19-50 (W. 0. Marshall, U.C.D.); 3 9, Richardson Spring, 2 9, V-21-44 (E. C. Van VI-20-50, flowers Eliogonum (W. C. Bentinck, Dyke, C.A.S.). C.I.S.); 2 $!,VI-20-50 (J. C. Hall, U.C.D.); 9, Calaveras Co.: Mokelumne Hill, 2 $!, (F. E. VI-20-50 (H. L. Hansen, C.I.S.); 5 8, 19 8, VI- Blaisdell, C.A.S.); 8, VI-6-46 (F. E. Blaisdell, 20-50, flowers Lotus (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); C.A.S. 1. $!, VI-20-50 (W. 0. Marshall, U.C.D.); 8, 3, VI- Contra Costa Co.: Antioch, $!,V-6-39 (J. W. 20-50 (J. D. Paschke, C.I.S.); $!, VI-21-50, MacSwain, C.I.S.); 9, V-24-49, flowers Lotus flowers Lotus (W. C. Bentinck, C.I.S.); 9, VI- (P. D. Hurd, .Jr., C.1.S.h 4 6,IV-29-50 (P. D. 21-50 (J. C. Hall, U.C.D.); ?, VI-21-50 (J. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 9, V-15-52 (J. G. Rozen); Paschke, C.I.S.); $!, VI-21-50 (K. G. Whitesell, VI-15-52 (R. H. and L. D. Beamer, W. LaBerge, U.C.D.); 9, VI-22-50 (H. L. Hansen, C.I.S.); 2 4 C. Liang, A. Wolfe, C. Winer, K.U.). Mt. Diablo, 2 9, VI-22-50 (P. D. Hwd, Jr., C.I.S.); 8, VI-25- 2 8, $!, VI-25-39 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.); 2 $!, 40 (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.); 8, VI-25-50 (A. T. VI-1 5-49 (C.I.S.). McClay, U.C.D.); 9, VI-25-50 (R. 0. Schuster, Inyo Co.: Oak Creek, north fork near Independ- C.I.S.); 9, VI-26-50 (A. T. McClay, U.C.D.); ence (Michener, 1%7:282). Independence, 8, VI- 8, VI-27-50 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 8, 4 9, 2-37 (W. C. Reeves, U.C.R.); & VI-1 1-37 (U.C.R.). VI-27-50 (A. T. McClay, U.C.D.); 9, VI-27-50 Big Pine Creek, 7,500 ft., VI-27-42, reared from (W. 0. Marshall, U.C.D.); 9, VI-27-50 (K. G. twigs of Sambucus (R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.). Whitesell, U.C.D.); 6, VI-28-50 (K. G. Whitesell, Eldorado Co.: Camino, 3 mi. S., 2 4 VI-23-48, U.C.D.); 8, 7 $!, VI-30-50, flowers HeZianthus flowers Compositae (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 8, (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.1.S.); 3 $!, VI-30-50 (A. T. VI-23-48 (I. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.); 8, VI-26-48, McClay, U.C.D.); 3 8, 7 $!, VII-2-50 (A. T. Mc flowers Phacelia (P. D. Hurd, Jr., K.U.); 5 8, 2 Clay, U.C.D.); 11 $!, VII-2-50, flowers Lotus 9, VI-26-48, flowers Vicia (P. D. Hurd, Jt., (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.); $!, VII-3-50 (P. D. Hurd, C.I.S.). Chile Bar, 6, VII-5-48 (C. Chan, U.C.D.). Jr., C.I.S.); 4 VII-9-50 (J. C. Hall, U.C.D.); 2 9, Kyburz, $!, VII-10-50 (W. F. Ehrhardt, C.I.S.). VII-13-50 (J. C. Hall, U.C.D.); 2 $!,VII-13-50 Los Angeles Co.: Acton, 9, 111-1436, flowers (A. T. McClay, U.C.D.); $!, VI-29-52 (R. L. Salix (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.). Altadena, 9, VI- Anderson, U.C.D.); 3 9, VII-7-52 (A. T. McClay, 24-35 (C. D. Michener, K.U.!; 3 c$ $!, V-2-36, U.C.D.); 2 $!, VII-8-52 (Joan Linsley, C.I.S.); flowers Lotus scoparius (C. D. Michener, K.U.). 2 9, VII-8-52 (A. T. McClay, U.C.D.); $!, VII- Arroyo Seco, 2 9, VI-25-40, flowers Lotus (J. W. 11-52 (A. T. McClay, U.C.D.); ?, VII-13-52 (A. MacSwain, C.I.S.). Big Dalton Dam, 8, VI-27-50 T. McClay, U.C.D.); 8, VII-17-52 (A. T. McClay, (H. F. Robinson, U.C.D.). Eagle Rock, 6, IV-7- U.C.D.). Tujunga Wash, 8, IV-17-27, flowers 36, flowers Salvia melli/era (C. D. Michener, Layia glundulosa (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). K.U.). La Crescenta, $!, V-5-34, flowers Erio- West Hollywood Hills, 6, VI-25-50 (R. G. Howell, dictyon crassifolium (C. D. Michener, K.U.); 9, C.1.S.). Westwood Hills, 9, VIE-11-35 (E. G. VII-21-39 (R. M. Bohart, U.C.D.). Lone Pine Linsley,C.I.S.); $!, VI-10-39(G. F. Smith,U.C.R.). Map 24. Distributions of Hoplitis sambuci Titus, indicated by solid circles; and Hoplitis truncata (Cresson), the subspecies truncata indicated by open circles, the subspecies mescderium indicated by half solid circles. THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 59

Marin Co.: Tamalpais, $, VI-20-26, flowers Jacinto Mountains, 6, 9, IV-23-50 (C. D. Mac silvery Lupinus (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Neill, C.I.S.). Riverside, 34 $9, IV-13-29 to Mariposa Co.: El Portal, 8 4 V-30-38 (R. M, V-23-36, flowers Lotus glaber, L. scoparius, and Bohart, G.E.B.); $, V-23-38 (Ne F. Hardman, Lupinus paynei (P. H. Timberlake, K.U., U.C.R.). C.I.S.). Indian Flat, 6, 2 9, V-23-38 (R. M. Santa Rosa Mountain, 8, V-31-40 (R. Husbands, Bohart, G.E. B.). Yosemite, 3,880-4,OOo ft., 8, C.I.S.); same locality, 6,200 ft., 2 6, 9,V-31-40, VI-15-38, flowers Rubus leucodemis (R. M. flowers Lotus (Michener, 15)47:282, C.I.S.). Bohart,G.E.B.); $, V-29-31 (E. 0. Essig,C.I.S.); Santa Rosa Peak, 8,000 ft., $, VI-22-40 (E. C. 6, VI-1-38 (J. R. Warren, U.C.R.); 3 2, VI-2- Van Dyke, C.A.S.). Saunders Meadows, San 38 (J. R. Warren, U.C.R.). Jacinto Mountains, 6, V-26-39 (R. F. Smith, Mendocino Co.: Twin Rocks, $, VII-10-29 C.I.S.). Soboba Hot Springs, $, VI-1-17, 8, VI-3- (E. C. Van Dyke, K.U.). 17 (E. P. Van Duzee, C.A.S.). Temecula, 10 mi. Modoc Co.: Lake City, 6, VU-9-46, flowers S.E., 9, IV-18-50, flowers Lotus (E. G. Linsley, Medicago sativa (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). C.I.S.). The Gavilan, 2 9, VI-20-38, 2 9, VI-24- Monterey Co.: Arroyo Seco, 8, VII-23-49 (C. 38, flowers Lotus scoparius (P. H. Timberlake, D. MacNeill, C.I.S.). Bryson, 3 4 V-18-20 (E. P. U.C.R.); $, V-17-51 (R. C. Bechtel, U.C.D.). Van Dutee, C.A.S.). Hastings Natural History Vandevanter Flat, San Jacinto Mountains, 9, Reservation, near Jamesburg, $, VI-4-38 (C. D. VI-4-39, flowers Astragalus antisellii (P. H. Michener, K.U.); 2 4 VI-14-38, flowers Lotus Timberlake, U.C.R.). scoparius (C. D. Michener, K.U.). San Bernardino Co.: Cajon Valley, 9, VII-4- Napa Co.: Pope Valley, 8 mi. N., 8, V-15-51 33, flowers Trichostema ouutum (P. H. Timber- (E. I. Schlinger, U.C.D.). Putah Canyon, 2 6, lake, U.C.R.). Cajon Wash, 2 $, VI-16-28, flowers V-25-51 (R. C. Bechtel and E. I. Schlinger, Lotus scoparius (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). U.C.D.). Samuel Spring, 6, V-15-51 (J. C. Hall, Crestline, 2 6, V-13-34, flowers Potentilla U.C.D.); c$ V-25-51 (R. C. Bechtel, U.C.D.); $, glandulosa (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Deep V-27-51 (E. I. Schlinger, U.C.D.). Creek, $, V-16-37, flowers Lupinus formosus Orange Co.: El Toto, $, V-28-47, flowers (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Redlands, 4 V-15-36, Lotus scoparius (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). flowers Cryptantha (C. D. Michener, K.U.). Sheep Plumas Co.: Quincy, 4 mi. W., 2 6, VI-25-49 Creek Canyon, 3,500 ft., 6, VI-3-28; flowers (E. L. Atkinson, C.I.S.); 6, VI-22-49, flowers Stanleya pinnuta (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Phacelia (P. D. Hurd, Jt., C.I.S.); 6, VI-25-49 San Diego Co.: Warner Springs, 6, V-9-36, (H. A. Hunt, U.C.D.). flowers Lupinus fmmosus (P. H. Timberlake, Riverside Co.: Corona, 9, 1915 (C.I.S.).Hemet U. C. R. ). Reservoir, San .Jacinto Mountains, 9, V-22-40, Santa Barbara Co.: Sunset Valley, 9, VII-14- flowers Penstemon specta bilis (C. D. Michener, 38 (M. A. Cazier, U.C.R.). C.I.S.). Herkey Creek, San Jacinto Mountains, Santa Clara Co.: Gilroy, 6, VI-16-22 (E. 0. $, VI-14-40, flowers Amotpba Jrutzcosa (C. D. Essig, C.I.S. 1. Mt. Hamilton, 8, V-13-40 (B. Michener, C.LS.). Idyllwild, d, VI-23-28 (E. C. Brookman, C.1.S.). San Antonio Valley, $, VI- Van Dyke, C.A.S.); 3 $, VI-26-36 (M. A. Cazier, 25-49 (T. F. Leigh, C.I.S.). Stevens Creek, 6, C.I.S., U.C.R.); 2 $, VII-2-36, flowers Asclepias V-28-52 (D. Burdick). eriocarpa and Dicentra chtysantha (P. H. Timber- Shasta Co.: Hat Creek, Lassen National Park, lake, U.C.R.X ?, VII-1936 (E. s. ROSS, CAS.); s, VI-4-41 (C.I.S.). 8, V-25-39, flowers Cryptantha (E. G. Linsley, Siskiyou Co.: Walker, 9, VI-3-20 (C. L. Fox, C.1-S.); 4 VI-3-39, flowers Lupinus (W. C. Bush, C. A .S. ). CAS.); 4 VI-8-40, flowers Dicentra chtysantha Trinity Co.: Big Flat, Coffee Creek, 3, VI-I- (C. D. Michener, C.I.S.); $, VI-17-40, flowers 34 (T. H. G. Aitken, K.U.). Carrville, 2,400- Dicentra cbtysantha (H. T. Reynolds, C.1.S.k 2 3,000 ft., 6, V-16-34, 6, V-24-34, c$ VI-2-34 (G. 3, $, VI-15-41 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.). Keen E. Bohart, G.E.B.). Camp, San Jacinto Mountains, 9, V-31-39, flowers Tulare Co.: Ash Mountain, 4 IV-26-50 (E. I. Cirsium (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.); 2 6, VI-1-39, Schlinger, U.C.D.). Badger, 2 8, VI-26-29, flowers flowers Pewitemon (E. S. Ross, C.A.S., C.I.S.); Lonicem intemupta (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). & VI-10-39, flowers Penstemon (E. G. Linsley, Coffee Camp, 2 4 9, VI-11-25, flowers Lotus C.I.S.); 2 8, same data (E. S. ROSS, C.1.S.). glaber (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Potwisha, Keen Camp, 8 mi. W., 2 9, V-16-33, flowers Sequoia National Park, 2 & V-18-20 (E. C. Van Cirsium (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.). Piiion Flat, San Dyke, C.A.S.). 60 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Tuolumne Co.: Pinectest, 4 VII-12-53 (J. G. Hoplitis (Alcidamea) producta, Michener, 1947, Rozen, C.I.S.). Strawberry, 4 VI-18-51 (J. W. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 89:285. MacSwain, C.I.S.). Tuolumne City, 4 VI-22-53 Geographic range: Nova Scotia to Georgia, west (J. G. Rozen, C.I.S.). to British Columbia and California (see map Discus s ion: 25). This is the common large, coarsely punctate Discussion: Alcidamea found principally in cismontane This species is found throughout the country California, but occurring also where mesic con- except along the southern border and in the ditions exist on the eastern slopes of the Sierra desert areas, As shown by Michener (1%7a), it Nevada. It occurs in both Upper Sonotan and is divisible into six subspecies (see map 25). Transition (perhaps Canadian) zone habitats, The morphological differences between certain from nearly sea level to 8,000 feet altitude in of these subspecies are much greater than the southern California. H. sambuci is closest to H. differences between some of the subspecies of truncata (Cresson), but is not closely related to H. producta and allied but distinct species, such any other California form. as H. uvulalis. In Utah it has been taken on flowers of Vicia The three subspecies of producta occurring at Ogden, and in Washington on flowers of Sam- in California are representatives of two of the bucus glauca at Pullman. No floral records are three somewhat distinct stocks: (1) the Pacific available from other parts of its geographic range. coast stock, containing subgracilis of the northwest and represented in California by the subspecies gracilis; (2) the Rocky Mountain stock, Hoplitis truncata mescalerium Cockerell containing interior of the mountain states and represented in restricted regions of southern and Hoplitis mescnlerium Cockerell, 1910, Entomolo- eastern California by the subspecies bernardina gist, 43:90. Type 9, Mescalero, N.M. (US. and panamintuna; and, (3) the eastern stock, Nat. Mus.;. containing producta proper of the plains and the Geographic range: Arizona, Colorado, New east. The subspecies bernardina occurs in the Mexico. The nominate subspecies ranges from southern California mountains in company with Florida and Maine westward to North Dakota the subspecies gracilis. The two forms do not and Colorado (see map 24). intergrade and hence presumably do not inter- Discussion : breed, although they are connected by the inter- The subspecies truncdta is not rare in the mediate and intergrading subspecies interior eastern and middle states, but the subspecies Michener of the Rocky Mountain region and sub mescalerium of the southern Rocky Mountain gracilis Michener of the northwest. Thus there area and Arizona is little known. It appears to is a ring of four subspecies (gmcilis -subgmcilis intergrade with truncata proper in a broad area - interior- bernardina), the terminal members of from South Dakota and western Nebraska to the which behave as distinct species. foot of the Rocky Mountains. The other California subspecies of the Rocky This species has not been found in California, Mountain stock (panamintana) is restricted, so but occurs at Williams, Arizona, and may there- far as is known, to the Panamint Mountains of fore be expected in eastern California. eastern California. It may also occur in other The subspecies mescalerium has been found Great Basin ranges. The two records from such at flowers of Cilia near Elbert, Colorado. The ranges shown as the subspecies interior in map nominate subspecies was reported by Michener 25 and another from the Inyo Mountains of Cali- (1947:281) to visit flowers of Baptisia, Oenothera, fornia shown as panamintana on the same map Penstemon, Pogonia graminifolia, Rubus, and are based on one or two female specimens each Tephrosia virginiana (many specimens). An and are actually indeterminate as to subspecies. additional floral record for ttmcata, s. str., is The subspecies panamintdna is separated by a Cleome. narrow belt of desert (the Owens Valley) from the range of gracilis, but it is evident that gene flow across this desert occurs or has done so, Hoplitis producta (Cresson) since some specimens in the nearby gracilis populations exhibit certain of the characters of Alcidamea producta Cresson, 1864, Proc. Ent. panamintana, notably the rounded, rather than SOC.Phila.,.2:386, 6. pointed, apex of the seventh metasomal tergum

62 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY in the male. Thus it is evident that at this (Bryson City); in Texas on flowers of Lesquerella latitude, merging of Rocky Mountain and Pacific (10 miles north of Mason); and in Virginia on coast stocks has occurred, although in southern flowers of Tephrosia uirginiana (Bancroft), California it has not. Geranium maculatum (Difficult Run and Great For the three subspecies of H. producta which Falls); Phacelia dubia (Great Falls), and Rubus do not occur in California, the following records argutus (Dawson's Beach and Ft. Humphreys). of floral visitations are available. The nominate In addition, Michener (1947:289) has recorded it subspecies has been taken in Kansas on flowers from Giliu. of Amorpha fruticosa (Douglas County); in Maine H. producta interior has been taken in Colorado on flowers of Solidago (South Portland); in Mary- on flowers of Astragalus (Cuchara Camp), Monarda land on fIowers of Penstemon hirsutus (Catochin); pectinuta (White Rock), Helianthus petiolaris in Nebraska on flowers of Astragalus (Badlands, (Artesia), and Phacelia (Eldora); and in Utah on mouth of Monroe Canyon, Pine Ridge), Erigeron flowers of Achillea millefolium and Phacelia philadelphicus (Ashland and South Bend), Medi- linearis (Logan). A female specimen from Kyle cugo sativa (Norfolk), Melilotus (Omaha), MeIiZo- Canyon, Charledton Mountains, Nevada, on tus officinalis (Sowbelly Canyon, Sioux County), Penstemon cannot be placed subspecifically with Mentha canadensis (Glenn), and Penstemon (War- either interior or panamintana. No flower records bonnet Canyon, Sioux County); in New Hampshire are known to us for H. producta subgracilis. Those on flowers of raspberry (Lancaster), Trifolium for the subspecies of H. producta which occur (Lancaster), and has been reared from sumac in California are enumerated on the following stems at Lancaster; in North Carolina on flowers pages. of Craetegus (Raleigh), and Tephrosia virginiana

Key to the California Subspecies of Hoplitis ptoducta Males

1. Eye as broad as genal area; penultimate antennal segment usually broader thHn long; apical fringe of fifth sternum consisting of hairs about half as long as those of fourth ... 2 Eye broader than genal area seen from side; penultimate antennal segment often longer than broad; apical fringe of fifth metasomal sternum usually consisting of hairs at least three- fourths as long as those of fourth...... gracilis (p. 62) 2( 1) Median process of seventh metasomal tergum tapering, pointed ....bernardina (p. 65) Median process of seventh tergum with sides subparallel near apex, the latter rounded (PI. 16, fig. 49) ...... panamintana(p. 65)

Females

1. Length 5 to 7 mm.; shallow emargination of clypeus rather narrow, usually less than half as broad as distance from lowermost point of clypeal margin to lateral angle of clypeus ...... gracilis(p. 62) Length 7 to 9 mm.; shallow emargination of' clypeus broader, well over half as broad as distance from lowermost point of clypeal margin to lateral angle of clypeus ...... bernardina(p. 65)

Hoplitis producta gracilis (Michener) Calif. (Calif. Acad. sei.). (Pl. 18. fig. 69) Geographic range: California, Nevada, and Oregon (see map 25). Osmia gracilis Michener, 193 5, Pan-Pacific Ent., California records: 11:183, 9. Type 9, Mill Valley, Marin County, Alameda Co.: Berkeley, 3, V-1937 (C.I.S.); THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 63

9, IV-15-39 (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). Livermore U.C.R.). Saugus, 8, IV-13-34, flowers Cryptantha Mountains, 9, V-2-36 (E. S. ROSS, C.A.S.). (R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.). Tanbark Flat, San Dimas Oakland, 9, V-1936 (E. S. ROSS, C.A.S.). Experimental Forest, 9, VI-20-50, flowers Lotus Alpine Co.: Carson, 9, IX-11-38 (M. A. Cazier, (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.1.S.h 9, VI-20-50 (K. G. Williams, r U.C.R.). Hope Valley, 6, VII-3-48 (J. W. Mac Whitesell, U.C.D.); 9, VI-23-50 (F. X. Swain, C.I.S.); 9, W-18-48 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.A.S.); 8, VI-25-50 (F. X. Williams, C.A.S.); 2 C.I.S.); 8, 9, VII-18-48 (K. W. Tucker, C.I.S.). 9, VII-5-52 (J. F. Powers, U.C.D., U.C.L.A.); Butte Co.: Yankee Hill, 2 8, V-12-49 (J. W. 3 9, VII-6-52 (Joan Linsley, C.I.S.); q, VII-8-52 MacSwain, C.I.S., K.U.). (Joan Linsley, C.I.S.). Topanga Canyon, 2 6, V- Calaveras Co.: Mokelumne Hill, 6, April (F. 20-51 (U.C.D., U.C.L.A.). E. Blaisdell, C.A.S.). Madera Co.: Bass Lake, 9, V-7-38 (N. F. Contra Costa Co.: Antioch, 9, IV-4-39, flowers Hardman, C.1.S.h 6, VI-6-38 (R. M. Bohart, G.E. B.). Phacelia (G. E. Bohart, G.E.B.). Byron, 8, V-18- Marin Co.: Mt. Tamalpais, 9, V-28-21 (C. L. 20 (E. P. Van Duzee, K.U.). Mt. Diablo, 6, IV- Fox, C.A.S.). 29-39 (M. A. Cazier, U.C.R.); 2 8, 2 9, IV-29-39 Mariposa Co.: Briceburg, J, VI-7-38 (N. F. (J. W. bcswain, C.1.S.); same locality, 1,500 Hardman, C.I.S.). El Portal, 5 4 V-18-38 (R. M. ft., 9, VI-14-33, flowers Lotus scoparius (P. H. Bohart, G.E.B., U.C.D., U.C.L.A.); 5 & V-23-38 Timberlake, U.C.R.). Rock City, Mt. Diablo, 8, (R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.); 8, 9, same data (C.I.S.); V-24-40 (E. G. Linsley, C.A.S.). 4 V-30-38 (R. N. Bohart, G.E.B.). Fish Camp, Eldorado Co.: Camino, 3 mi. S., & VI-26-48, 9,VI-10-42(E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.). Pohono Trail, flowers Phacelia (P. D. Hurd, JK., C.I.S.). Echo Yosemite, 84 99, VI-26-26, flowers Collinsia Lake, 8, VIII-10-40 (D. E. Hardy, K.U.); 2 9, tmeyi (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 2 3, 2 9, MI-13-51 (W. W. Middlekauff, C.1.S.h same VI-26-26, flowers Lupinus breweri (P. H. Timber- locality, 7,400 ft., 9, VI-26-52 (W. W. Middlekauff, lake, u.c.R.). Yosemite Valley Cut, 3 8, 9, VI- C.I.S.). Fallen Leaf Lake, (r, VII-1931 (0. H. 24-26, flowers Coliinsia tinctorum (P. H. Timber- Swezey, U.C.R.). Kyburz, (r, VII-1-50, flowers lake, U.C.R.); 6, VI-24-26, flowers Lotus neva- Penstemon spectabilis (C. D. Michener, K.U.); densis (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Yosemite, 2 8, VII-11-50 (W. F. Ehrhardt, C.I.S.). Placer- 3,880-4,000 ft., 8, VI-7-28 (E. 0. Essig, C.I.S.); ville, 8, V-4-37 (U.C.R.). Pollock Pines, & IV- S, VI-8-37 (N. F. Hardman, C.I.S.); 6, V-31-38 24-38(A. T. McClay, U.C.D.); 6 VI-24-38 (K.U.). (R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.); 8, VI-15-38, flowers Fresno Co.: Coalinga, 4 VI-8-41 (R. M. Rubus leucodemis (R. M. Bohart, G.E. B.). Bohart, U.C.D.). Huntington Lake, 8, VII-4-19, Modoc Co.: Davis Creek (Michener, 1947:286). 9, VII-12-19 (E. P. Van Duzee, C.A.S.). Mono Co.: Leevining Canyon, 7,500 ft., $ VI-24- Glenn Co.: Artois, 9, VI-3-53 (J. W. MacSwain, 37, flowers Salix (C. D. Michener, K.U.). Mammoth, C.I.S.). 9, VII-25-36 (G. E. and R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.). Inyo Co.: Glacier Lodge, near Big Pine, 9, Mammoth Lakes, 9, VII-14-33, 9, VII-27-36, 9, VI-20-37 (W. C. Reeves, U.C.R.). Lone Pine VIII-5-37 (G. E. and R. M. Bohart, G.E. B.). (Michener, 1947:286, K.U.); 9, V-24-37 (U.C.R.); Sardine Creek, 8,500 ft., 9, VII-11-51 (A. T. 9, VI-9-37 (W. C. Reeves, U.C.R.); 9, VI-16-37 McClay, U.C.D.). (U. C. R. 1. Monterey Co.: Bryson, 2 & V-18-20 (E. P. Lake Co.: Cobb Mountain, 8, V-7-36 (R. M. Van Duzee, C.A.S.). Hastings Natural History Bohart, U.C.D. 1. Reservation, near Jamesburg, 4 V-22-38 (C. D. Lassen Co.: Bridge Geek Camp, 9, VII-3-49 Michener, K.U.). (E. I. Schlinger, U.C.D.). Napa Co.: Pope Valley, 8 mi. N., 2 6, V-15-51 Los Angeles Co.: Altadena, 9, V-18-35, (E. I. Schlinger, U.C.D.). flowers Lotus scopmius (C. D. Michener, K.U.); Nevada Co.: Blue Canyon, 4 9, VI-15-51 (E. 4 VI-7-35 (C. D. Michener, K.U.). Arroyo Seco, I. Schlinger, U.C.D.). Hobart Mills (near), 9, 9, VI-25-40 (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). Big Daltor IX-8-52 (R. M. Bohart, U.C.D.). Truckee, 6, VI- Dam, 2 9, VI-25-50 (D. C. Blodget, U.C.D., 17-27, 3 S, VI-20-27, S, VI-21-27, 6, VII-5-27 U.C.L.A.). Camp Baldy, 2 6, VI-26-50 (H. L. (E. P. Van Duzee, C.A.S.). Hansen, C.I.S., K.U.). Griffith Park, 4 IV-5-36, Placer Co.: Brockway, 3 6 VII-1941 (G. E. flowers Nemophila (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.). La Bohart, G.E.B.). Donner Lake, 9, VIII-24-16 Crescenta, 4 IV-19-36, flowers Eriodictyon (E. (L. Brunet, U.N.). G. Linsley, C.I.S.). Puente Hills, v, V-10-26 Plumas Co.: Bucks Lake, (T1 VI-23-49 (J. W. flowers Phacelia distans (P. H. Timberlake, MacSwain, C.I.S.); 4 9, W-1-49 (J. W. Mac 64 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Swain, K.U.); 6 VII-14-49 (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.); 2 $, VI-4-41, flowers Penstemon (C. D. C.I.S.). Keddie, $, VI-26-49 (C. I. Smith, C.I.S.). Michener, C.I.S.). Smmit Lake, Mt- Lassen, Meadow Valley, 6,000-7,000 ft., $, VI-13-24 (E. 6,700 ft., VI-21 and 22-31 (F. X. Williams, U.C.R.). C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.). Quincy, 4 mi. w., 9, VI- Sierra Co.: Gold Lake, 6, VII-14-21, 9, VII- 21-49, flowers Phacelia (P. D. Hurd, Jr., K.U.); 17-21, 6 S, VII-21-21, & W1-22-21 (C. L. Fox, 4 8, 10 9, VI-24-49 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., CIS.). 8, C.A.S.); 9, VII-13-34, 8, VI-20-34 (L. S. Rose, VI-25-49 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., K.U.); 2 C$ same data C.A.S.).Weber Lake,& VII-21-51 (E. I. Schlinger, (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S., K.U.); 2 9, VI-26-49 U.C.D.). (W. F. Ehrhardt, U.C.D.); 5 4 9, same data (P. Siskiyou Co.: Shasta Springs, 2 6, VI-8-20 D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S., K.U.); 9, same data (J. w. (C. L. FOX,C.A.S.). kcswain, c.I.s.); 2 9, VI-30-49, flowers Phacelia Solano co.: Gteen Valley, & VI-9-33, flowers (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.1.S.); 4 VII-2-49 (p. D. Hmd, Clarkia elegans (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Jr., C.I.S.); 4 same data (J.W. MacSwain, C.I.S.); Stanislaus Co.: Adobe Creek, 6, V-6-48, 2 9, VII-16-49 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S., K.U.). flowers Pkceiia (R. F. Smith, C.I.S.). Riverside Co.: Herkey Creek, San Jacinto Trinity CO.: Carrville, 2,400-2,500 ft., Mountains (Michener, 1947:286). Keen Camp, San V-17-34 (G.E.B.); 9, VI-20-31 (E. C. Van Dyke, Jacinto Mountains, 9, Y-16-39, flowers Sidalcea C.A.S.). Scott Mountain, 5,358 ft., 9, VII-14-47 (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.); 8, V-31-39, flowers (A. T. McClay, U.C.D.). Trinity River Camp, 3, Penstemon (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.). Marion Moun- VI-3-51 (A. T. McClay, U.C.D.). tain Camp, San Jacinto Mountains, 6 S, Vn-1-52 Tulare Co.: California Hot Springs, 2 9, VI- (J. kcswab, C.I.S.). Pibn Flat, % v-18-39 2-39 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.). Coffee Camp, (C.1.s.). Riverside, 9, v-15-33, flowers PhaceliU 3 9, W-8-25, flowers Trifolium uutiegatum (P. H. distans (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 9, V-18-41, Th&rlake, U.C.R.); 3 8, VI-25-29, flowers nesting in rose twig (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.b si&lcea cabcosa (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). San Jacinto Mountain Trail, S, 9, vII-1-52 (J- General Grant National Park, 5 8, VI-27-29, MacSwain, C.I.S.). 'Ihe Gavilan, 6, Iv-8-37 (E. flowers Gayophytum diffusum (P. H. Timberlake, G. Linsley, C-1-s.); 9, Iv-1&37, flowers As@agU- U.C.R.); 9, VI-27-29, flowers Culypttidium m lus(E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.). bellatum (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 3 4 9, Sari hrnardino C0-Z Big Pine camp, Sam VI-28-29, flowers Potentilla glandulosa (P. H. Bernardino Mountains, 9, VII-2-34 (1. McGacken, Timberlake, U.C.R.). Giant Forest, 4 VII-22-2 3 C.A.S.). Gestline, 6, v-23-36, flowers Lotus (C. LaFox, C.A.S.). Potwisha, Sequoia National (E. G. Linsley, C.1.s.); 6, 9, V-23-36, flowers Park, 2,000-5,ooo ft., 9, V-17-20 (E. C. Van Lotus davidsonii (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Dyke, c.A.s.); 6, v-1&20 (E. c. Van Dyke, Deep Creek, c?, IV-26-36 (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.). c.A.s.). Mill Geek, San Bernardino Mountains, 4,800 ft., Tuolumne Co.: Dorst Camp, 9, VII-23-49 (L. 6, V-13-40, flowers Pbuceliu duvidsonii (P. H. L. Jensen, C.I.S.). Mather (near), VII-9-29 Timberlake, U.C.R.); S, S, V-13-40, flowers 6, (E. C. Zimmerman, c.A.s.). Pinecrest, 9, VII- Giliu exilis (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). San 12-53 (J. G. Rozen, C.I.S.). Strawberry, 3, VI- Bernardino Forest (5205203x1, 2 6, (U-C-D., 18-51 (J- w. MacSwain, c.1.s.); 6, 9, ~-1t+51 U.C.L. A.). (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.); 2 S, VI-21-51 (E. G. Diego Campo' ' 1v-2&39(R* M* Linsley and J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S., K.U.); 9, Bohart, U.C.D.). VI-22-51 (E. G. Linsley and J. W. MacSwain, San Francisco Co.: San Francisco (sand C.I.S.); same data (A. T. McClay, U.C.D.); dunes), V-2-28(C. Fox, C.A.S.). 6, 8, t. 2 same data (J. W. MacSwain, C.1.S.); same Luis Obispo 6, 9, Atascadero* 'V 1v-26-19 data (E. L. Silver, U.C.D.); 9, WI-14-51 (J. (E. P. Van Duzee, C.A.S.). w. MacSwain, C-1.S.k 2 9, VII-15-51 (J- W. Mac San Mate0 Co.: Corte Madera Geek, IV-30- 6, Swain, C.1.S.h 4 VII-5-53 (J. G. Rozen, C.1.S.); 16 (R. Stinchfield, L.S., Jr., U.). VII-14-53 (J. G. Rozen, C.I.S.); 6 6, VII-15-53, Santa Clara Co.: Alum Rock Park, 4 IV-21- 6, 6, flowers Mimulus (J. G. Rozen, C.I.S.). Tuolumne 51 (J' c*l*s*)*Sari Antonio Ranger City, 8, m-&53, 9, V1-22-53 (I. G. ROzen, C.I.S.). Station, 7 mi. S., 9, VI-27-53 (C. D. MacNeill, C.I.S. 1. Ventura Co.: 8, V-8-40 (A. M. Bohart, U.C.D.). Shasta Co.: Burney, 5 mi. E., & VI-9-41 Discussion: (C.I.S.). Hat Creek, Lassen National Park, 9, This common small bee is widespread in VI-4-41, flowers Castilleiu (C. D. Michener, cismontane California and in areas of mesic THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 65 conditions on the eastern slopes of the Sierra 1947:287); 9, VI-9-40, flowers Penstemon (C. D. Nevada. In Nevada it has been collected only at Michener, C.I.S.). Murrieta, 1 mi. N., 9, IV-18-50 Kingsburg Grade, Douglas County. Two males (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.). Pigon Flat, San Jacinto taken on the flowers of Phacelia linearis at Mountains, $, V-18-39 (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.); Logan, Utah, represent the sole record for that 9, V-18-33, flowers Penstemon (E. S. Ross, state. Whether they are mere variants of the C.1.S.h 9, VI-18-41 (Michener, 1947:287, C.A.S.). interior population there or indicate that gracilis Ribbonwood, 9, V-21-40 (C. D. Michener, C.I.S.). extends acrQss the northern Great Basin is not Riverside, $, IV-8-36 (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.). clear. San Jacinto River, 4,000 ft., ~3, 8, V-3046, H. producta gracilis has been collected as flowers Penstemon (C. D. Michener, C.I.S.). far north as Corvallis, Oregon, where it begins Sari krnardino co.: cajon Pass, 9, VII-2-34, to approach the subspecies subgracilis in its flowers white Phacelia (Michener, 15)47:287). c haracters. Forest Home, 9, VI-18-28 (Michener, 1347:287, In addition to the floral visitations listed on C.A.S.). Mill Creek, San Bernardino Mountains, the preceding pages, gracilis has been also 4,400 ft., V-30-38, flowers Mimulus frernontii recorded visiting flowers of Astragalus bolandeti, (Michener, 1%7:287); same locality, 4,800 ft., Glycytrhiza lepidota, and Vicia americuna (Mich- 2 3, 9, V-13-40, flowers Gilia exilis (Michener, ener, 1947:286). 1947:287, U.C.R.); same locality, 6,000 ft., V-26- 38, flowers Penstemon grinne llii (Miche ner , 1947:287); same locality, 8, VI-29-42 (R. M. Hoplitis producta bernardina Michener Bohart, G.E.B.). Mountain Canyon Creek, 8, IV- 25-36 (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.). Mountain Home Hoplitis producta bernardina Michener, 1947, Bull. Creek, San Bernardino Mountains, 9, VI-4-35, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 89:287, 8, 9. Type 8, flowers Penstemon cordifolius (Michener, 1947: Mill Creek, San Bernardino Mountains, Cali- 2 87). fornia, 4,800 ft., on Gilia exilis (Timberlake San Diego Co.: Buckman Springs (near), 2 d, Collection, U.C.R. 1. V-7-53, flowers Penstemon (F. X. Williams, Geographic range: California (see map 25). C.A.S.). Campo, $, IV-27-39 (R. M. Bohart, California records: U. C.D. ). Los Angeles Co.: Alpine Inn, Mt. Lowe, San Tulare Co.: Springville, 3.7 mi. N.E., $, IV- Gabriel Mountains, 5,000 ft. (Michener, 1947: 30-47, flowers Eriodictyon califmicum (P. H. 287). Arroyo Seco, 9, VI-25-40, flowers Dicentm Timberlake, U.C.R.). (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). Crystal Lake, 9, VI- Discussion: 29-50 (T. R. Haig, C.I.S.). Lone Pine Canyon, This subspecies, which is usually conspicu- San Gabriel Mountains, 4,500 ft., 3 9, VI-16-38, ously larger than gracilis, occurs with gracilis flowers Penstemon spectabilis; ?, VII-4-33, in the southern California mountains. flowers P. spectabilis (Michener, 1947:287, U.C.R.). Puente Hills, $, V-11-30 (Michener, 1947:287). Tanbark Flat, San Dimas Experimental Hoplitis producta panamintclna Michener Forest, 5 9, VI-20-50, flowers Lotus and Pen- (P1. 16, fig. 49) stemon (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S., K.U.); ?, VI-20- 50 (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.); 9, VI-22-50 (P. D. Hoplitis producta panamintana Michener, 1947, Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 9, VI-30.50, flowers Helionthus Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 89287, 6. Type (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S., K.U.); 2 9, VI-30-50 c?, Tuber Canyon, Panamint Mountains, Inyo (A. T. McClay, U.C.D.); 9, VII-2-50, flowers County, California, 8,000 ft. (Amer. Mus. Nat. Lotus (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S., K.U.); 9, VII-2-50 Hist.). (A. T. McClay, U.C.D.); 2 9, VII-7-50 (H. F. Geographic range: California (see map 25). Robinson,. U.C.D.); 9, VII-7-52 (A. T. McClay, California records: U.C.D.); 9, VII-8-52 (A. T. McClay, U.C.D.). Inyo Co.: Tuber Canyon, Panamint Mountains, Riverside Co.: Keen Camp, 9, V-17-39 (E. S. 8,000 ft., c?, VI-18-37 (Michenet, 1947:287, ROSS, C.I.S. 9, VII-11-3 9, flowers Eriogonum U.C.R.). Wild Rose Canyon, Panamint Mountains, (R. F. Smith, C.I.S.); 9, VI-9-39, flowers Pen- 7,000 ft., (r, V-27-37, flowers Phacelia (Michener, stemon (C.I.S.). Keen Camp, 7 mi. W., ?, V-17-39, 1947:287). flowers Etiogonum (Michener, 1947:287). Idyll- Discussion: wild, $, flowers Astragalus parishii (Michener, This subspecies, known only in the male, is h

Map 26. Distribution of Hoplitis colei (Crawford). Map 27. Distribution of Hoplitis elongaticeps Michener. THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 67 approximately the size of bernardina. It is known Twentynine Palms, 7.5 mi. S., 9, V-7-48, flowers only from the semidesert ranges of eastern Nama demissum (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). California. Shasta Co.: Delta, 10 mi. S., 9, V-29-52 (J. A female not distinguishable from interio? or G. Rozen, C.I.S.). benzardina, from the summit of Westgard Pass, Tulare Co.: Ash Mountain River, Sequoia Inyo County, California, June 15, 1737 (C. D. National Park, 9, IV-27-50(R. C. Bechtel, U.C.D.). Michener), has been tentatively associated with Yo10 Co.: Putah Canyon, 3 v, V-21-50 (R. C. panamintana (Michener, 1947:288). Bechtel, U.C.D.). Discussion: This species is similar to H. producta gracilis Hoplitis colei (Crawford) but differs in the longer proboscis, the galeae being as long as the head and the second seg- Alcidamea colei Crawford, 1916, Proc. Ent. SOC. ment of each labial palpus being more than twice Wash., 18:127, & Type 3, Redlands, California as long as the first. It is also smaller than any (U.S. Nat. Mus.). form of gracilis, and the male has the projection Geographic range: California, Nevada (see map of the second metasomal sternum smaller but 26). acute when seen in profile. The female lacks California records: the weak clypeal emargination characteristic of Contra Costa Co.: Mt. Diablo,2 4 9, IV-21-53 gracilis or has the emargination weaker than (P. D. Hurd, Jt., C.I.S.). usual in thar form. Fresno Co.: Coalinga Pass, 9, VI-8-41 (R. M. Female specimens from central California Bohart, U.C.D. 1. usually have the head slightly longer than broad, Los Angeles Co.: Altadena, 9, V-5-34 (Mich- unlike those from southern California, and some- ener, 1947:289, K.U.); 9, VI-28-35, flowers times have a feeble median clypeal emargination, Hugelia uirgata (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). unlike those from southern California. The num- Camp Baldy, 4 VI-26-50 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.1.S.k ber of specimens now available is small; if these 9, VII-7-52 (R. L. Anderson, U.C.D.). La Cres- differences are consistent when large series cents, 9, V-8-34 (C. D. Michener, K.U.). Lone have been collected, the northern form ma)! war- Pine Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, 9, VII-4-33, rant a subspecific name. flowers Eriodictyon trichocalyx (P. H. Timber The range broadly overlaps that of H. producta lake, U.C.R.). Tanbark Flat, San Dimas Experi- gracilis, from which colei may well be derived. mental Forest, 9, VI-27-50 (F. X. Williams, The long mouth parts are perhaps an adaptation C.A.S.); 9, VII-7-52 (A. T. McClay, U.C.D.). to the flowers of Eriodictyon; Chelostoma cock- Mariposa Co.: Indian Flat, 9, V-23-38 (R. M. erelli, the form of that genus which visits Erio- Bohart, G.E. B.). dictyon flowers, also has long mouth parts. The Monterey Co.: Hastings Natural History Reser- significance of this is not obvious, however, for vation, near Jamesburg, 6, VI-1-38 (C. D. Mich- these bees crawl into the flowers instead of ener, K.U.). reaching into them with their long proboscides. Riverside Co.: Andreas Canyon, Palm Springs, H. colei has been taken in Nevada only at 9, IV-24-32, flowers Eriodictyon trichocalyx Kyle Canyon, Charleston Mountains, 7,500 ft., (Michener, 1947:289, U.C.R.); 4 2 9, IV-11-36, July 25, 1942. flowers Eriodict yon trichocalyx (Michener, 1947: 287,U.C.R.); q,IV-21-51 (R. C. Bechte1,U.C.D.). Palm Canyon, 6, IV-14-38 (G. E. and R. M. Bohart, Hoplitis elmgaticeps Michener G.E.B.). Soboba Hot Springs, 2 9, V-1641 (Michener, 1747:289, C.A.S.). Tahquitz Canyon, Hoplitis (Alcidamea) elongaticeps Michener, 1747, San Jacinto Mountains, 4 IV-16-38, flowers Lotus Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 89:270, 9, 2. (G. E. Bohart, G.E.B.). Type 9, 4 miles west of Lone Pine, Inyo San Bernardino Co.: Lytle Creek, San Gabriel County, California (Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.). Mountains, ?, V-6-28 (E. C Van Dyke, C.A.S.); Geographic range: California (see map 27). VII-4-3 3 (Michener, 1947:289). Mountain Home, California records: San Bernardino Mountains, 2 9, VI-17-34, flowers Inyo Co.: Lone Pine, 4 mi. W., 9, V-13-37 Eriodictyon trichocalyx (Michener , 1947 :2 89, (Michener, 1947:2 90, K.U.). Mazourka Canyon, U.C.R.). Snowcrest Camp, San Bernardino Moun- Inyo Mountains, 9, V-25-37, flowers Dalea fre- tains, 9, VII-7-52 (A. T. McClay, U.C.D.). montii (Michener, 1%7:290). Westgard Pass, 7 68 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Map 28. Distribution of Hoplitis uvulalis (Cockerell). THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 69 mi. W., $, Vi-26-53, flowers Dalea (J. W. Mac Bohart, G.E.B.). Fallen Leaf Lake, 6, VI-23-15 Swain, C.I.S.). (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.). Los Angeles Co.: Mojave Desert, Highway Pluinas Co.: Meadow Valley, 3,500-5,000 ft., 128, 3,500 ft., 8, V-13-44, flowers Mimulus VI-16-24 (Michener, 1%7:290, C.A.S.). (Michener, 1%7:290, U.C.R.). Shasta Co.: Hat Creek, 4 VI-1-41 (P. D. Hurd, San Bernardino Co.: Adelanto, LO mi. S., 9, Jr., C.I.S.); 3 6, VI-4-41, flowers Gzstilleia (C. V-3-39 (Michener, 1947:290, U.C.R.). D. Michener, C.I.S.). Discussion: Sierra Co.: Gold Lake, 2 6, VII-12 and 19-21 Like H. colei, this species is similar to H. (Michener, 1947:290, C.A.S.). producta gracilis. It is probably a xeric deriva- Tdare co.: Mineralking, c$ 2 $, VII-10-39, tive of that form, and is the only strictly desert emerged from Sambucus twigs (G. E. Bohart, species of Alcidamea. H. elongaticeps is smaller C.1.S.h same locality, 8,000 ft., 6, VII-7-42 (R. than any form of producta and differs from that M. Bohart, G.E.B.). species by having the head of both sexes, but Tuolumne Co.: Tioga. Pass, 3, VII-3-33 (G. E. particularly the female, longer than broad. As Bohart, G.E.B.). in If. colei, the projection of the second meta- Discus sion: soma1 sternum of the male is small, although This species is almost certainly a derivative acute in profile of the Rocky Mountain stock of H. producta. It is larger than any producta forms (9 to 11.5 mm.); other differences from the subspecies interior Hoplitis uvulalis (Cockerell) and bemardina are of a very minor nature. It occurs in the mountains surrounding the Great Alcidamea uvulalis Cockerell, 1902, Bull. So. Basin, from California to Utah (American Fork Calif. Acad. Sci., 1:139, 6. Type 3, sup- Canyon, Logan, and Mt. Timpanogos), Idaho posedly from Lancaster, Mojave Desert, (Willow Flat, 6,000 ft., Franklin County), and California (U.S. Nat. Mus.). Oregon (Wallowa and Queen Mine, Cornucopia). Geographic range: California, Idaho, Oregon, Thus it overlaps the ranges of three subspecies and Utah (see map 28). of producta (gracilis, subgracilis, and interior) California records: without intergrading with them. It has been col- Alpine Co.: Sonora Pass, VI-21-37 (Michener, lected at the same localities, and on the same 1947:290); 9, VI-21-37 (U.C.R.). dates, as specimens of two of these subspecies. Fresno Co.: Huntington Lake, 7,000 ft., VII- It is primarily a high montane form although the 19-19 (Michener, 1947:230); 9, VII-7-19 (E. P. type locality, if correct, is in the desert, and the Van Duzee, U.C.R.). Wood Creek, 8,000 ft., $, Alabama Hills in Inyo County are desert. VI-22-1 0 (Michener, 1947:290, C.A.S.). Inyo Co.: Alabama Hills, 6, V-24-37 (G. E. Bohart, G.E.B.). Big Pine Creek, 7,500 ft., 9, VI-27-42, emerged from Sambucus twigs (R. M. Hoplitis grinnelli (Cockerell) Bohart, G.E.B.); same locality, 9,500 ft., 8, VI- (Pl. 15, fig. 37) 22-42 (R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.). Bishop Creek (north fork), 8,500 ft., VI-22-37 (Michener, 1947: Alcidamea grinnelli Cockerell, 1910, Ann. Mag. 290). Nat. Hist., (8) 5:22, 9. Modoc Co.: Davis Creek, 9, VII-13-22 (C. L. Hoplitis grinnelli Michener, 1947, Bull. her. Fox, C.A.S.). Mus. Nat. Hist., 89291, c$ 8. Mono Co.: Leavitt Meadows, 6, VI-26-37 (G. Geographic range: Arizona, British Columbia, E. and R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.); 9, VI-26-37 (Mich- California, Idaho, Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, ener, 1947:290). Walker Lake, VII-23-15 (Michener, Utah, Washington (see map 29). 1947: 290). West Walker River, .7,200 ft., 6, VI- Discussion: 25-37 (Michener, 1947:290, K.U.), This species is superficially very similar to Nevada Co.: Truckee, 4 VI-14-27 (E. P. Van producta, but is clearly differentiated by the Duzee, K.U.); 2 9, VI-21-27 (E. P. Van Duzee, characters given in the keys. It occurs with K.U., C.A.S.); 6, VII-4-27 (Michener, 1947:290, various subspecies of prducta throughout the C.A.S.). Pacific coast region. It is represented by two

Placer Co.: Brockwav.,, 6.-I W-1941 (G. E. subspecies. 70 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Map 29. Distribution of Hoplitis grinnelli (Cockerell), the subspecies grinnelli indicated by open circles, the subspecies septentrionalis by solid circles. THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 71

Key to the Subspecies of Hoplitis grinnelli

1. Tegulae pale testaceous ...... grinnelli (p. 71) Tegulae dark testaceous to blackish ...... septentrionalis (p. 72)

Hoplitis grinnelli grinnelli (Cockerell) Lotus glaber(P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Tanbark Flat, San Dimas Experimental Forest, 2 9, VI- Alcidamea grinnelli Cockerell, 1910, Ann. Mag. 20-50, flowers Lotus (P. D. Hwd, Jt., C.I.S., Nat. Hist., (8) 5:22, 9. Type 9, San Gabriel K.U.); 9, VI-24-50 (P. D. Hud, Jr., K.U.); 9, Mountains near Pasadena, California (U.S. VI-25-50 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.>; 6, same data Nat. Mus.). (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.); 6, same data (H. F. Geographic range: Mexico (Sonora and Lower Robinson, U.C.D.); 9, VI-24-50(P. D. Hurd, Jr., California), Arizona, California, and Nevada K.U.); 9, VII-4-50 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 9, (see map 29). VII-30-50 (R. 0. Schuster, C.I.S.); 9, VII-11-52 California re cords: (A. T. McClay, U.C.D.); 9, VII-1!9-52 (A. T. Alameda Co.: Alameda Foothills, 9 (W . M. McClay, U.C.D.). Giffard, C.A.S.). Tesla, 6, IV-27-50(J. E. Gillaspy, Madera Co.: San Joaquin Experimental Range C.I.S.). near O'Neals, 9, IV-18-53, flowers Phacelia Butte Co.: Yankee Hill, 6, V-12-49 (P. D. platyloh (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). Mariposa CO.: Yosemite Valley Cut, 3, VI-ZG Contra Costa Co.: Mt. Diablo, 6, IV-26-37 26, flowers Collinsia torreyi (P. H. Timberlake, (Michener, 1947:291, K.U.). U. C. R. ). Fresno Co.: Coalinga, q, IV-26-50 (R. M. Mono Co.: Mammoth Lakes, 4 9, VII-25 and Bohart, U.C.D.). 27-36(G. E. and R. M. Bohart, U.C.D.). Inyo Co.: Owens Lake (Michener, 1947:291). Monterey Co.: Hastings Natural History Reser- Westgard Pass, (Michener, 1947:291). Surprise vation, near James burg, 4 VI-1-38, flowers Canyon, Panamint Mountains, 8, IV-29-53, flowers Eriogonum (C. D. Michener, K.U.), 4 same data Cryptantha mcemosa (P. D. Hurd, C.I.S. (C. D. Michener, K.U.). 4 same data (G. A. Marsh, C.I.S.); Jf*iV-2953, Riverside Co.: Hemet (near), 8, VI-7-42, flowers Eucnide urens(P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). flowers Lotus scoparius (P. H. Timberlake, Kern Co.: Bakersfield, 9, IV-1-37 (U.C.D.). U.C.R.). Keen Camp, San Jacinto Mountains, 9, Los Angeles Co.: Altadena, 2 6, IV-19-35 (C. V-17-39 (T. E. Lanningham). Murrieta, 1 mi. N., D. Michener, U.C.D. U.C.L.A.); 9, VI-1-35 (C. 9, IV-18-50 (E. G. Linsley, CIS.); & 9, same D. Michener, K.U.); 4, VI-28-35 (C. D. Michener, data (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). Palm Canyon, 6 K.U.); 3 9, VI-28-35, flowers Hugelia uirgata IV-14-38 (G. E. and R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.); 9, (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 2 6, 3 9, V-2-36, IV-15-38 (G.E.B.). Perris 1.5 mi. W., 6, IV-27-38, flowers Lotus scoparius (C. D. Michener, K.U.); flowers Lotus scoparius (P. H. Timberlake, 9, V-23-36, flowers Lotus scoparius (C. D. U.C.R.). 6, 9, V-29-46, flowers Cryptantha inter Michener, K.U.); 9, VI-24-36 (C D. Michener, media (P. H. limberlake, U.C.R.). Piiion Flat, K.U.); 2 9, VII-3-36 (C. D. Michener, K.U.). San Jacinto Mountains, 9, VI-4-39, flowers Claremont, 4 S; V-4-45, flowers Cryptantha inter- Lupinus concinnus (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). media (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Eagle Rock, Riverside, 9, IV-18-25, flowers Lotus strigosus; 8, IV-7-36, flowers Salvia melli/era (C. D. Mich- 3 9, V-22-25, flowers Lotus glaber, 9, V-26-25, ener, K.U.); 4 V-4-36, flowers Cryptantha (C. D. flowers Lotus scoparius, 9, III-29-26, flowers Michener, K.U.); 6, V-8-36 (C. D. Michener, laber, 9, V-16-29, flowers Melilotus K.U.); 4 8, 3 9, V-3-36, flowers Cryptantha (C. Lotusindicq '% , V-17-31, flowers Lotus scoparius; 9, D. Michener, K.U.); 3 9, IV-9-36, flowers Cryptan- IV-7-32, flowers Lotus scopariur, 6 9, IV-9-34, tha (C. D. Michener, K.U.). Littlerock, 9, IV-10- flowers Cryptantbtz intermedia; 4, IV-18-34, 36 (G.E.B.). Newhall, 2 4 9, IV-20-40 (R. M. flowers Phacelia ramosissima; 9, IV-19-34, Bohart, G.E.B.). Pasadena, 6, III-8-28 (C. H. flowers Marrubium uulgare; 3 9, IV-26-34, flowers Hicks, U.C.R.). Puente Hills, 9, V-10-26, flowers Cryptantha intermedia and Lotus scoparius; 6, Lotus glabet (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 2 9, 9, IV-27-34, flowers Lotus gkrbet and L. sco- V-11-30, flowers Chorizanthe staticoides and parius, 9, V-2-34, flowers Lotus scoparius; 9, 72 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

V-3-34, flowers Cryptantha intermedia; 9, V-9- Santa Clara Co.: Alum Rock Park, 4 IV-21-51 35, flowers Lotus scoparius, 8, V-8-35, flowers (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). Cryptantha intermedia; 9, V-7-35, flowers Lotus Trinity Co.: Carrville, 2,400-2,500 ft., 8, V- scoparius, 9, V-17-35, flowers Lotus scoparius; 22-34 (G. E. and R. M. Bohart, U.C.D.); 9, VI- 3 9, V-21-35, flowers Lotus scoparius, 2 8, IV- 1934 (G. E. Bohart, G.E.B.). 20-37, flowers Lotus scopariuq 6, IV-15-39, Tulare Co.: Badger, 6, VI-26-29, flowers dwarf flowers Cryptantba intermedia; 6, IV-11-40, red Mimulus (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Coffee flowers Lotus scoparius; 9, IV-11-46, flowers Camp, 9, VI-8-25, flowers Lotus glaber (P. H. Phacelia distans; 8, 2 9, IV-11-51. flowers Timberlake, U.C.R.); 6, VI-11-25 (P. H. Timber- Lotus scoparius (all collected by P. H. Timber- lake, U.C.R.). lake, U.C.R.). These Riverside records represent Discuss ion : a random selection of a great many specimens. This subspecies of grinnelli extends well into !%in Jacinto River, 3,000 ft., 9, V-30-40 (C. D. the desert of southern California but is care Michener, C.I.S.). Temecula, 8, IV-11-50 (P. D. there. It is abundant in cismontane California, Hurd, Jr., K.U.); 2 9, IV-18-50, flowers Lotus and there are records for the eastern slope of (E. G. Linsley, K.U.). Temecula, 6 mi. E., 9, the Sierra Nevada and a single record for the V-9-36, flowers Lotus scoparius (P. H. Timber- Panamint Mountains. lake, U.C.R.). Temecula, 10 mi. S.E., c$ 5 9, It has been collected at flowers of Sphaeralcea IV-18-50, flowers Lotus (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.). ambiguu in Nevada (Las Vegas, 22 miles south), The Gavilan, 4 IV-16-39, flowers Cryptantha and at flowets of Prosopis in Lower California intermedia (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 4 9, (El Mayor). Michener (1947291) has listed the IV-20-39, flowers Lotus scopasius (P. H. Timber following floral records which are in addition to lake, U.C.R.) 8, IV-10-46, flowers Cryptantha those given in the foregoing account; Lawea intermedia (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 2 8, IV- glutinusa, Rhamnus crocea, Dalea fremontii and 16-50, flowers Lotus scoparius (P. H. Timberlake, Trifolium. U.C.R.), 9, V-12-50, flowers Eriogonwn iascictr It is superficially, but readily, distinguished latum (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). from H. producta by the pale testaceous tegulae, San Bernardino Co.: Cajon, 2 8, IV-13-36 so that it is not ordinarily necessary to use the (G.E.B.). Cajon Pass, 9, VI-11-41 (E. C. Van more difficult specific characters to separate Dyke, C.A.S.). Deep Creek, 9, V-16-37, flowers California grinnelli from ptoducttl. Lotus scoparius (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). P. H. Timberlake has reared a female from a Glen Ivy (trail above), 2 9, V-13-28, flowers pupa collected in a weed stem at Riverside, Lotus scoparius (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). California, on July 17, 1929. The bee emerged Kramer Hills, 9, V-3-39 (Michener, 1947:291, the following spring. The cocoon case is trans- U.C.R.). Kramer Jct., 9, V-1-53 (P. D. Hutd, lucent white, somewhat papery, with a hard Jr.,C.I.S.). Mill Creek, San Ekrnardino Mountains, packed brownish substance at its base. 4,500 ft., 4 V-30-38, flowers Cryptantba intermedia (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); same locality, 4,800 ft., 3 9, V-13-40, flowers Lotus strigosus Hoplitis grinnelli septentrionalis Michener (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Morongo Valley, 9, IV-19-37, flowers Phacelia distans (Michener, Hoplitis grinnelli septentrionalis Michener, 1947, 1947:291, U.C.R.); 9, V-23-41 (E. C. Van Dyke, Bull. Amer, Mus. Nat. Hist., 89:291, c$ $. C.A.S.). Redlands, 8, 2 9, V-15-36, flowers Type 8,Salmon Arm, British Columbia (Canadian Cryptantha (C. D. Michener, K.U.). San Bernardino National Collection). Mountains, 3,900 ft., 9, V-15-37, flowers Ceano- Geographic range: British Columbia, Idaho, Ore- thus (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.). Seven Oaks, San gon, Utah, and Washington (see map 29). Bernardino Mountains, 8, VI-14-50, flowers Discussion: Cryptantha intermedia (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). This subspecies has been found at Klamath Verdemont, & V-17-46, 2 6 V-1-46 (P. H. Timber- Lake, Oregon, and it seems very likely that it lake, U.C.R.). Victorville, 3.5 mi. S.W., $, V- enters northern California at least in appropriate 12-39, flowers Astragalus fremontii (P.H. Timber- ecological situations and perhaps over broad lake, U.C.R.). Vidal Jct., 7 mi. N., & IV-3-51 areas. As its regulae are the same color as those (P. D. Hutd, Jr., C.I.S.). of H. producta, it is not so readily distinguished San Diego Co.: Dulzura (Michener, 1947:291). from that species as is grinneZli proper. San Mateo Co.: San Mateo, 8, VI-20-35 (G. E. The subspecies septentrionalis has been taken Bohart, G.E.B.). on the flowers of Linum and Penstemon cyanan- e 74 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

thus (Cub River Canyon, Franklin, Idaho), and Hoplitis hypocn'tu (Cockerell) Pbacelia linearis (Logan, Utah). (Pl. 15, fig.-36; pl. 16, fig. 47; pl. 18, figs. 63, 67)

Osmia hypocrita Cockerell, 1906, Canad: Ent., Hoplitis btachyodonta (Cockerell) 38:160, 9. Type 9, Boulder, Colorado (Timber- lake Collection, U.C.R.). Alcidamea brachyodonta Cockerell, 1933, Ent. Geographic range: Arizona, British Columbia, News, 44:205,& Type d, Pasadena, California California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, (U.S. Nat. Mus.). Oregon, Utah (see map 32). Geographic range: California (see map 30). California records: California re cords: Contra Costa Co.: Antioch, V-6-39 (J. W. Imperial Co.: Holtville (near), c$ 111-24-30, MacSwain, C.I.S.); & IV-5-52 (J. G. Rozen, flowers Hsliotropium cumssavicum (Michener, C.I.S.); 4 V-12-53 (J. C. Hall, U.C.D.); 6, same 1947:292, U.C.R.). data (A. D. Telford, U.C.D.). Mt. Diablo, 6, IV- Los Angeles Co.: Tanbrk Flat, San Dimas 21-34 (G.E.B.); 4 IV-25-36 (M. A. Cazier, K.U.); Experimental Forest, 8, VI-22-50 (J. C. Hall, &, IV-24-37 (M. A. Cazier, K.U.). c. IS.). Eldorado Co.: Meyers, 8, V-27-39 (T. H. G. Riverside Co.: Riverside, 3, IV-2-29, flowers Aitken, M. A. Cazier, J. Downes, P. C. Ting, Chaenactis glabriuscula (Michener, 1947:292, U. C. R.). U. C. R. 1. Fresno Co.: Coalinga, 8, 9, V-14-38 (M. A. Discussion: Cazier, K.U.). H. brachyodonta is probably a synonym of H. Kern Co.: Mojave, 4 IV-10-36 (G. E. and R. grinnelli grinnelli. It is based upon a single M. Bohart, G.E.B.). reared specimen rescued as a larva from the Lake Co.: Clear Lake (near), 9, V-14-47 (R. attack of a Chrysidid larva. A very few similar M. Bohart, U.C.D.). specimens have been taken in nature. They differ Los Angeles Co.: Acton, 5 8,111-19-36, flowers from grinnelli only in their smaller size and in Salix (C.I.S., K.U.). Altadena, 9, IV-18-38, the unusually low projection of the second meta- flowers Lotus scoparius (C. D. Michener, K.U.); s oma l sternum. 9, V-2-36, same flowers (C. D. Michener, K.U.). The correlation between small total size and Big Pine Camp, 9, VII-2-34, flowers Lotus the small sternal process is evidently merely a cmssifoliw (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Clare- result of allometry. In each species OfAIcidamea mont, ?, IV-30-47 (U.C.R.); ?, (J. D. Maple, the process is proportionately largest in large U.C.R.). Lone Pine Canyon, 5,900 ft., 9, VI-16- individual, and among the various species the 28, flowers Sfanleya pituuzta (P. H. Timberlake, largest (uvuhlis)has the largest process whereas U.C.R.). Palmdale, 3 8, IV-11-36 (G. E. and R. small forms (colei, elongaticeps) have very small M. Bohart, G.E.B., U.C.D.). Puente Hills, 9, processes. V-12-40, flowers Lotus scoparius (P. H. Timber- lake, U.C.R.). Rock Creek (grade above), 2 6, V-9-38, flowers Salvia carnosa (P. H. Timberlake, Subgenus Cyrtosmia Michener U.C.R.). Tanbark Flat, San Dimas Experimental Forest, 9, VI-20-50, Flowers Lotus (P. D. Hurd, Discussion: Jr., C.I.S.). This subgenus contains a single large species Madera Co.: Nippinawasee, 9, V-2436 (M. A. which superficially resembles the subgenus Cazier, U.C.R.). Monurnetha in the abundant black pubescence. Mariposa Co.: El Portal, 4 V-18-38 (R. M. The male is distinguishable from all of our other Bohart, G.E.B.). Yosemite, 3,000-4,000 ft., 9, subgenera by the tridentate mandibles (pl. 18, V-22-38 (J. R. Warren, U.C.R.). fig. 67) and by the long, slender antennae which Modoc Co.: altitude 4,500 ft., 9, VI-11-39 reach the scutellum and are acutely pointed at (C.I.S.). the apices (pl. 15, fig. 36). The female is unique Monterey Co.: Hastiags Natural History Reser- in having basically tridentate mandibles with a vation, neat James burg, 3, VI-2-38, flowers weak convexity between the second and third Ttifolium (C. D. Michener K.U.); 9, VI-8-38 teeth. (C. D. Michener, K.U.); 4, VI-14-38, flowers THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 75

Lotus scoparius (C. D. Michener, K.U.). wish, Sequoia National Park, 3,000-5,000 ft., Placer Co.: Dutch Flat, $ VI-15-51 (E. 1. 4 V-18-20 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.). Springville, Schlinger , U. C. D. ). 3.7 mi. N.E., $, IV-30-47, flowers Eiiodictyon Riverside Co.: Glen Avon, 6, III-8-33, flowers califmicum (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Amsinckia douglasiana (P. H. Timberlake, Discussion: U.C.R.). Idyllwild, 8, VI-23-28, & VI-24-28, 9, In California this species is found principally VI-29-28 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.); 4 V-25-39, in brushy or tree coveted regions from sea level flowers Astragalus (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.). Lake to at least 6,000 feet altitude, primarily west of Elsinore, 6, IV-4-49 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). the main cordilleran divides. It has been col- Perris, 1.5 mi. W., 4 V-4-38, reared from stem lected, however, east of the Sierra Nevada, at (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 2 mi. W., 4 III-19- Carson City, Nevada, and on the western margin 36, flowers Astragalus pomonensis(P. H. Timber- of the Mojave Desert, at several localities lake, U.C.R). Riverside, 34 vq, IV-26-28, (Mojave, Palmdale, and Rock Creek). 111-1-34, 111-5-34, 111-1 4-34, IV-2-36, IV-8-36, In Idaho it has been taken on flowers of V-10-36, IV-7-37, lv-27-37, V-11-37, flowers Astmgalus (Webb, Nez Perce County) and Pen- A msinckia doughsia~, Astragalus parisbii, stemon leonardi (Cub River Canyon, Franklin, Lotus scoparius. Lupinus paynei, Medicago 5,500 ft.). In Utah it has been found on flowers sativa (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 9, IV-1930, of Astragalus (Logan), Grindelia (Green, Cache reared from Salvia stem (P. H. Timberlake, County), Medicago sativa (Newton), and Vicia U.C.R.J. San Jacinto Mountains, 4 W-21-29 (Logan and Ogden). In addition to the floral (P. W. Oman, K.U.). The Gavilan, 9, IV-18-37, records cited in the foregoing account of hypo- flowers Sambucus (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.); 9, crita, Michener (1947:294) lists Astragalus IV-18-37, flowers Astmgalus tenet (P. H. Timber- goniatus and Latbyrus as being visited by this lake, U.C.R.). Vandevanter Flat, San Jacinto bee. Mountains, 3, VI-4-39, flowers Astragalus antisellii (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Wineville (=:Mira Lorna), 2 4 111-8-33, flowers Amsinckia douglasiana and Brassica campestris (P. H. Subgenus Dasyosmia Michener Timberlake, U.C.R.). San Bernardino Co.: Loma Linda, 4 8, III-20- Discussion: 33 (A. J. Basinger, U.C.R.). Sheep Creek, 4 This subgenus consists of large, robust black IV-22-33 (C. M. Dammers, U.C.R.). species, sometimes having red legs, and with San Diego Co.: Dulzura (Michener, 1947:293). abundant entirely pale pubescence. It is distin- Santa Guz Co.: Santa Guz, 4 June (G.E.B.). guished from other subgenera by the papillate Shasta Co.: Burney, 4 VI-3-41 (C. D. Michener, distal portions of the wings and the largely bare K.U.). Neiubieber (mountains west of), 2 9,VI- discal parts. Dasyosrnia is probably most closely 4-38 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.). related to Cyrtosm’a from which it is easily dis- Solano Co.: Putah Canyon, 4 IV-21-49 (W. F. tinguished by the broad but clearly tridentate Ehrhardt, U.C.D.). Rio Vista, 4 V-24-49, flowers mandibles in the female (as in pl. 18, fig. 64), Lotus (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.1.S.h 4 same data and the more robust antennae of the male (pl. 14, (J.W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). figs. 33, 35), with acute apices as in Cyrtosmia Trinity Co.: Trinity Center, 4 VII-18-47, and Alcidamea in one species. flowers Penstemon (A. T. McClay, U.C.D.). Dasyosrnia contains two species, both of Tulare Co.: Coffee Camp, 9, VI-11-25, flowers which occur in the deserts of California, one Lotus glaber (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Pot- ranging eastward to Texas.

Key to the Species of Dasyostnia

1. Legs red; last antennal segment of male rounded (fig. 33); seventh metasomal tergum of male with a single median point ...... paroselae (p. 77) Legs black; last antennal segment of male pointed (fig. 35); seventh metasomal tergum of male tridentate. . . . . , ...... biscutellae (p. 77) 76 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

\ \ Map 32. Distributions of Hoplitis biscutellae (Cockerell), indicated by open circles, and Hoplitis hypocrita (Cockerell), indicated by solid circles. THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 77

Hoplitis paroselae Michener Kern Co.: Inyokern, 8, IV-26-49, flowers Larrea (Pl. 14, fig. 33; pl. 17, fig. 53; pl. 18, fig. 60). (E. G. Linsley, J. W. MacSwain, R. F. Smith, U.C.D.). Hoplitis (Dasyosmia) paroselae Michener, 1947, Los Angeles Co.: Lovejoy Buttes, 6 8, VII- Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 89:296, 4 9. 11-44, Lmrea glutinosa (P. H. Timberlake, Type 4 Westgard Pass, Inyo County, Cali- U.C.R.). Mojave Desert, Highway 138, 6, V-9-44, fornia, on flowers of Dalea fremontii (Amer. flowers Stenotopsis linearifolius (P. H. Timber Mus. Nat. Hist.). lake, U.C.R.). Piute Butte, 8 8, V-11 and 12-44, Geographic range: California (see map 31). flowers Larrea glutinosa (P. H. Timberlake, California re cords : U. C. R. ). Inyo Co.: Big Pine, 9, VI-8-37, flowers Dalea Riverside Co.: Blythe, 9, IV-2-41 (J. W. Mac polyadenia (Michener, 1947:298, A.M.N.H., K.U.). Swain, C.I.S.). Cathedral City, 9, IV-10-36, Westgard Pass, 8, 9, V-27-37, flowers Dalea flowers Lurrea (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.); 6, 2 9, ftemontii (Michener, 1947:298, U.C.R.); 4 VI- IV-10-36, flowers Larrea (Michener, 1947:296, 3-37 (Michener, 1947:298, C.A.S.). K.U.). Cottonwood Springs, Joshua Tree National Discussion: Monument, 2 8, IV-12-50 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). The red legs distinguish this species from Eagle Mountains, 9, V-15-41 (C.I.S.). El Centro, all other American Hoplitis. Among closely te- 5 mi. E., IV-2-52 (R. A. Flock, U.C.R.). Hemet, lated genera only Anrhocopa timberlakei and A. 9, V-10-36, flowers Lama (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.). nitidivitta have similar coloration of the legs. Hopkins Well, 9, IV-28-49, flowers Gemea canescens (J. E. Gillaspy, C.I.S.). Indio, 20 mi. E., (Michener, 1947:296). La Quinta, 88, 99, Hoplitis biscutellae (Cockerell ) 111-1 7-34, flowers Lama glutinosa and Hyptis (PI. 14, fig. 35; pl. 17, fig. 58; pl. 18, fig. 64). emotyi (Michener, 1947:2%, U.C.R.). Mecca, 10 mi. S., 9, III-28-34, flowers Larrea glutinosa Alcidamea biscutellae Cockerell, 1897, AM. (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Oasis, 2 mi. S., 9, Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) 13:400, d: Type 8, Mesilla 111-7-36, flowers Larrea (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.); Valley, New Mexico (US. Nat. Mus.). 9, 111-28-36, flowers Lorrea glutinosa (P. H. Geographic range: Arizona, California, Nevada, Timberlake, U.C.R.). Palm Canyon, 2 9, IV-14 New Mexico, Texas, and Utah (see map 32). and 15-38 (G. E. and R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.). California records: Palm Desert, 2 $, IV-11-50 (F'. D. Hurd, Jr., Inyo Co.: Big Pine, 8, VI-1-37 (W. C. Reeves, C.I.S.). Palm Springs, 9, IV-10-32, flowers Larrea U.C.R.). Death Valley, 9, 111-20-51 (D. Burdick). glutinosa (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); (r, 111-3-44, Furnace Creek, Death Valley National Monument, flowers Lama glutinosa (P. H. Timberlake, 4 IV-8-39, flowers Larrea (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.); U.C.R.); 8, 111-29-45, flowers Larrea glutinosa 6, 9, 111-1547 (A. T. McClay, U.C.D.); 21 8, (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 3, IV-6-45, flowers 17 9, IV-1-51, flowers Larrea (P. D. Hurd, Jr., Larrea glutinosa (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). C.I.S., K.U.); 4 3 8, 111-2953 (J. W. MacSwain, Tahquitz Canyon, Sen Jacinto Mountains, 3 8, C.I.S.); 6 & 3 9, 111-31-53 (R. F. Smith, C.I.S.); IV-16-38, flowers Larrea glutinosa (G.E.B., 5 6, 14 9, IV-1-53, flowers Larrea (R. F. Smith, U.C.D., U.C.L.A.). C.I.S.). Inyo Mountains, 4 V-25-37 (C.I.S.). 6 San Bernardino Co.: Hesperia, 3 mi. E., &. V-25-37 (W. C. Reeves, U.C.R.); 11 6, VI-1-37 V-15-36, Larrea glutinosa (P. H. Timberlake, (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.). Kearsarge (near), 4 U.C.R.). Kramer Hills, 6 VI-1-53 (G. A. Marsh, V-25-37 (Michener, 1947:296, C.A.S.). Lone Pine, C.I.S.). Manix, 22 mi. N., 3 9, IV-26-53, flowers 2 4 V-24-37 (Michener, 1947:2%, C.A.S.); 9, Lama (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 2 9, same data VI-1-37 (N. W. Frazier, G.E.B.). Mazouka, Inyo (G. A. Marsh, C.I.S.); 9, same data (R. 0. Mountains, 4 8, V-25-37 (N. W. Frazier, G.E.B., Schuster, C.I.S.). Morongo Valley, 6, V-7-39, K.U., U.I.); 6, V-25-37 (C. A. Hamsher, U.I.); flowers Larrea glutinosa (P. H. Timberlake, 3 8, 9, VI-1-37, flowers Encelia farinosa (Mich- U.C.R.). Renoville, 2 8, IV-2-51, flowers Larrea ener, 1%7:296, K.U.). Stovepipe Wells, Death (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 2 6, same data (E. G. Valley National Monument, a 9, HI-31-51, flowers Linsley, C.I.S.). San Gorgonio Pass, 6 V-10-46, Lama (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 2 8, 111-31-51 flowers Lorrea glutinosa (P. H. Timberlake, (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). Surprise Canyon, Pana- U.C.R.). Twentynine Palms, 9, III-27-47, flowers mint Mountains, 2 4 111-31-51 (J. W. MacSwain, Lanea glutinosa (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). c.1.s. 1. Windmill Station, & IV-6-53, flowers Sphaeralcea 78 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.). Yermo, $!, IV-22-49 (R. Subgenus Acrosmia Michener v.d. Bosch, C.I.S.). San Diego Co.: Borego, 9, IV-5-49, flowers Discuss ion: Larrea (P. D. Hurd, Jr., K.U.); 4 4 IV-5-40 This subgenus is readily recognizable in the (U.C.D., U.C.L.A.); 6, IV-10-52 (J. W. MacSwain, male by the laterally expanded apical antennal C.I.S.); 9, IV-1-53 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). segment, and by the presence of rather long hairs on some of the flagellar segments. The Discuss ion: females all have the upper part of the clypeus The strongly tridentate apex of the male protuberant, and they have more slender mandi- metasoma (pl. 17, fig. 58) distinguishes this bles than do most Hoplitis. The rather robust species from all other American Hoplitis. It has body is suggestive of Anthocopa, and one of the been taken in Arizona on flowers of a yellow species was first described in that genus. In composite (25 miles west of Casa Grande); in both sexes the integument is black or the ab- Nevada on flowers of an unidentified composite domen red; the pubescence is pale. and Sphaeralcea ambiguu (22 miles south of Las Acrosmia is known from three rare species, Vegas); and in Texas on flowers of Prosopis all of which occur in California, although at chilensis glandulosa (Hot Springs, Big Bend least two of them range eastward to Utah. The National Park). significant flower records are all either Nemo- phila or Phacelia; it is therefore possible that the species of Acrosmia are oligolectic on these Hydrophylla ceae.

Key to the Species of Acrosmia Males

1. Metasoma largely red ...... rufina (P. 81) Metasoma black ...... 2 2(1). Emargination of seventh metsomal tergum semicircular or deeper (pl. 17, fig. 55); median apical process of sixth metasomal sternum round- ...... plagiostoma (p. 81) Emargination of seventh metasomal tergum shallow (pl. 17, fig. 56); median apical process of sixth metasomal sternum acutely pointed ...... laeuibullata(p. 78)

Females

1. Metasoma red ...... rufina (p. 8 1) Metasoma black ...... laevibullata (p. 78)

Hoplitis laevibullata (Michener) ener, 1951:52, C.I.S., K.U.); 9, VII-18-48 (P. D. (Pl. 15, fig. 39; pl. 17, fig. 56) Hurd, Jr., K.U.). Eldorado Co. : Tallac (Michener, 1949: 54). Fresno Co.: Huntington Lake, 9, VII-17 (I. Anthocopa (Eremosmia) laevibullata Michener, McGacken, C.A.S.). 1943, Ann. Ent. SOC.Amer., 36:68, 9. Type, Nevada Co.: Lake Spaulding, VI-1938, flowers Truckee, California (Calif. Acad. Sci.). Gzlyptridium mbellatum (Michener, 1943:69). Synonym: Hoplitis perissocera Michener, 1947, Sierra Co.: Gold Lake, 4 VII-17-21 (Michener, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 89299, 8 (new 1947:300, C.A.S.). synonym). Tuolumne Co.: Dardanelles, 8, VII-13-51 (W. Geographic range: California, Utah (see map 33). H. Lange, U.C.D.). Pinecrest, J, 3, VII-16-52, California re cords : on flowers Nemophila (R. R. Snelling and J. I. Alpine Co.: Hope Valley, 2 9, VII-9-48 (Mich- Stage, K.U.); VI-29-52 (J. I. Stage. K.U.). THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 79

Map 33. Distribution of Hoplitis laevibullata (Michener).

THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 81

Dis cus s ion : Hoplitis rufina Michener This rare species, which is known in Cali- (PI. 17, fig. 57; pl. 18, fig. 65) fornia only from the Sierra Nevada, is listed in the revision of Hoplitis (Michener, 1947a) as fioplitis (Acrosmia) rufina Nichener, 1954, Pan- H. perissocera Vichener. Recently the sexes of Pacific Ent., 30:40, d', ?. Type s, Madera this species have been collected together by County, 3,000 ft., California (Cal. Acad. Sci.). Roy Snelling, and it is apparent that perissocera Geographic range: California, Oregon, and Utah is a synonym of laeuibullata. The species has (see map 36). been taken at flowers of Phacelia in Utah (Logan). California re cords : Inyo Co.: Big Pine Creek, 7,500 ft., 3, VI-12- 42 (Michener, 1954:42). San Bematdino Co.: Tetley Park, 9, V-23-36, Hoplitis plagiostoma Michener flowers Nemophila (Michener, 1954:42). (Pl. 15, fig. 40; pl. 17, fig. 55) Tulare Co,: Pine Flat, 9, V-3-47, flowers Viola purpurea (Michener, 1954:42). Hoplitis (Acrosmia) plagiostoma Michener, 1947, Discussion: Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 89:298, 3. Type H. rufinu has been collected at a single lo- 6 Sonora Pass, Alpine County, California cality in Oregon (Camp Abbot, Deschutes County) (Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.). and at another locality in Utah (Logan Canyon). Geographic range: California, Oregon (see map 34). California records: Subgenus Monzcmetha Cresson Alpine Co.: Sonora Pass, 10,00~11,000ft., 6, VII-11-51 (8. Puttler, C.I.S.); 2, -same data ~Monurnetha contains moderate-sized to large, (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). elongate forms with some black pubescence, at least in females. The mandibles of the female Discuss ion: are clearly quadridentate (fig. 70), a feature that This species, known from only three speci- separates this subgenus from other subgenera mens collected at the same place (two, eleven known from California. The first and second years later than the other) and from a single metasornal sterna of the male both have a median specimen from Fish Lake, Steens Mountains, apical spine or angle. Oregon, is clearly distinct from laeuibullata, This subgenus is here used to include not although related to it. In addition to the char- only the single species previously placed in acters listed in the key, it differs by its larger ~Mmumetha but also the brilliantly metallic size, the smaller number of long hairs on the species usually placed in Ch~orosmiaSladen. antennal flagellum, the more rounded lateral pro- The resulting group is unified, clearly recog- jection of the last flagellar segment, and the nizable, and contains only four species. The gradually increasing width of the flagellum from characters previously used to separate Chi* the base to the middle(more nearly parallel sided rosmia were superficial, color being the principal in 1ae u ibulla ta). one.

Key to the Species of the Subgenus Monumetha

h4de s

1. Body black; clypeal pubescence short, appressed, silvery...... albi/rons(p. 83) Body brilliantly metallic green or blue; clypeal pubescence long, suberect ..... 2 2( 1)- Antennal flagellum at least slightly thicker medially than basally; seventh nietasomal tergum with median apical point (pl. 14, figs. 27, 30) ...... 3 Antennal flagellum of uniform thickness; seventh metasomal tergum with apex broad, not pointed(p1. 14, fig. 28) ...... /ui,oida(p. 90) 3(2). Flagellum greatly thickened medially, its segments five to nine at least as broad as long (pl. 14, fig. 27)...... louisae(p. 88) 82 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Map 36. Distribution of Hoplitis rujina Michener. THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 83

Flagellum but little thickened, all segments longer than broad (pl. 14, fig. 30) ...... viridimicans (p. 90)

Females

1. Body brilliantly metallic green or blue ...... 2 Body black ...... alhifmns (p. 83) 2(1). Metasomal terga with broad metallic impunctate posterior margins ...... 3 Metasomal terga with impunctate posterior margins almost lacking . . viridimicans (p. 70) fulgida (p. 3(2). Length less than 12 mm...... 70) Length more than 12 mm...... louisae (p. 88)

Hoplitis albifrons (Kirby) them occupy virtually the entire state, except (Pl. 14, fig. 32; pl. 17, fig. 54; pl. 18, figs. 62, 70) for the deserts and the Great Valley. A third subspecies, albi/rons proper, ranges from Nova Chelostoma albifrons Kirby, 1837, in Richardson, Scotia and New York to Alaska and the Yukon. Fauna Boreali-Americana, 4:270, 6. The subspecies are relatively easily distin- Hoplitis (Monumetha) albifrons, Michener, 1947, guishable only in the female sex; the males may Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 89301, 8, 9; be assigned to subspecies principally on the Evolution, 1:172-185. basis of geographic distribution. An analysis of Geographic range: Nova Scotia to Alaska; south geographical variation in this species was pre- to California and New Mexico (see map 37). sented earlier (Michener, 1947b). Curiously, Discuss ion: pointed antennae in males of this species are This large black species is represented in known only in the regions where the subspecies California by two subspecies which between mauia and argentifions merge.

Key to the California Subspecies of Hoplitis albifrons Females

1. Pubescence entirely black ...... maura (p. 85) Pubescence partly white ...... argentifrons (p. 83)

Hoplitis dbifrons argentifrons (Cresson) Fresno Co.: Huntington Lake, 7,000 ft., 3, 2 9, VII-4-19 (E. P. Van Duzee, C.A.S.). Lone Monumetha argentifions Cresson, 1864, Proc. Indian Lake, 4 VIII-20-49 (E. I. Schlinger, Ent. SOC. Phila., 2:387, 6. Type a, Pikes U.C.D.). Kings River Canyon, 9, VII-8-10 (E. C. Peak, Colorado (Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.). Van Dyke, C.A.S.). Geographic range: Alberta south to New Mexico Inyo Co.: Bishop, 9, VI-22-20 (E. P. Van and Arizona, west to British Columbia and Duzee, C.A.S.). Bishop Creek, 6 9, VI-22-37 Oregon, southward along Sierra Nevada, Cali- (U.C.R.). Glacier Lodge, Big Pine, 3 d, VI-20-37 fornia (see map 37). (W. C. Reeves, U.C.R.). Independence, 6, VI-11- California records: 37 (U.C.R.). Lone Pine, 4 VI-15-37 (U.C.R.); Alpine Co.: Hope Valley, d, VII-9-48 (C. J, VII-22-37 (G. E. and R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.). Chan, U.C.D.); 4 3 9, same data (J. W. Mac Mount Whitney, 4 VI-12-37 (Michener, 1947: 303, Swain, C.1.S.h 9, VII-18-48 (A. Bartel, C.I.S.); U.C.R.). Rock Creek, 2 4 9, VI-23-37 (A. E. 9, same data (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 2 9, same Meier, C.I.S.). Whitney Portal, 3 4 VII-3-53 (H. data (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.); 9, same data (S. Wasburn, C.I.S.). A. Sher, C.I.S.). Winnemucca Lake, 4 VII-16-48 Lassen Co.: Bridge Geek Camp, 8, 9, VI-2% (R. M. Bohart, U.C.D.). 49 (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.); o?, VII-9-49 (R. C.

THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 85

Bechtel, U.C.D.); 9, same data (D. Cox, C.I.S.); County Summit, 7,000 ft., (W. M. Giffard, C.A.S.). 4 3 9, same data (W. F. Ehrhardt, U.C.D.); c3, Tahoe, 9, VII-1925 (F. X. Williams, U.C.R.). same data (J. E. Gillaspy, C.I.S.); 5 6, same (Note: The female from Emigrant Gap has the data (E. I. Schlinger, U.C.D.); 6, same data (W. subspecific characters of mura.) R. Schreader, U.C.D.). Summit Camp, $, 9, VI- Sierra Co.: Gold Lake, 0: VII-26-21 (C. L. 28-49 (W. F. Ehrhardt, U.C.D.); 2 6, same data Fox, C.A.S.). (F. Morishita, C.I.S.); 9, same data (W. H. Wade, Discussion: C.I.S.); 9, VII-9-49 (C. I. Smith, C.I.S.). Susan This subspecies occurs from the Rocky River Camp, 6, VII-10-49 (E. L. Atkinson, C.I.S.); Mountain states to British Columbia and south- 8, same data (W. F. Ehrhardt, U.C.D.); 6, 3 9, ward through Washington and Oregon. In the same data (J. E. Gillaspy, C.I.S., K.U.). latter states, most populations are highly varia- Mariposa Co.: El Portal, 4 V-30-38 (R. M. ble, with some individuals almost as dark as Bohart, G.E.B.). Indian Flat, 4 4 V-23-38 (R. M. maurq (see Michener, 1947b). In California, Bohart, G.E.B.). Mariposa, 9, VI-1 3-38, flowers argentiftons occurs at high altitudes in the Sierra Cirsium (R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.). Miami Ranger Nevada and down on the eastern slopes of these Station, o“, VI-14-42 (E. G. Linsley, U.C.R.). mountains to their bases. On the western slopes, Porcupine Flat, 8,100 ft., VII-1-15, flowers below 4,000 to 5,000 feet, it is replaced by the Arctostaphylos nevadensis (L. S., Jr., U.). Snow subspecies maura. Creek Trail, Yosemite National Park, 9, VII-21- The subspecies argentifrons has been col- 36 (G.E.B.). Tuolumne Meadows, 9, VII-I 9-1 5 lected in Arizona on flowers of Mertensia fran- (C. L. Fox, C.A.S.); 6, VII-31-15 (C. L. Fox, ciscana (White Mountains); in British Columbia C.A.S.); 9, W-19-49 (L. L. Jensen, C.I.S.). on flowers of Spiraea sorbifolia (Vernon); in Yosemite, 3,880-4,000 ft., 8,VI-2-38 (J.R. Warren, Colorado on flowers of Geranium fremontii U.C.R.). Yosemite Valley, ?, V-21-21 (E. C. Van (Cuchara Camp), Glia (Hubbard Ranch, Elbert), Dyke). (Note: These records assigned to argenti- Phacelia (Pingree Park), Phacelia glandulosa frons on basis of females which are all referable (Salida), and Potentilla glandulosa; in Nebraska here on basis of subspecific differences.) on flowers of Astragalus (Badlands, mouth of Mono Co.: Blanco’s Corral, White Mountains, Monroe Canyon, Sioux County), and a borage 10,000 ft., 9, VII-7-53 (J. W. IMacSwain, C.I.S.). (Warbonnet Canyon); in New Mexico on flowers Coleville, d, V-28-39(T. H. G. Aitken, J. Downes, of Opulaster (Sandia Mountains); in Oregon on M. A. Cazier, P. C. Ting, U.C.R.). Leavitt flowers of Cleome serrulata (Baker), and Phacelia Meadows, 6, VI-25-37 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.). (Drake Peak, 7,500 ft.); in Utah on flowers Allium Mammoth, 8, V-8-33 (G. E. and R. M. Bohart, (Pass Creek Mountains), Cirsium (Eureka), U.C.D.); 9, VII-4-33 (G. E. and R. M. Bohart, Phacelia (Timpanogos Peak), Senecio (Bryce U.C.D.); 8, 9, VII-9-33 (G. E. and R. Ed. Bohart, National Park), and Vicia (Logan); in Washington G.E.B.). Sardine Creek, 8,500 ft., 8, Vi-28-51 on flowers of Phacelia leucophylla (American (R. W. Morgan, C.I.S.); 9, VII-16-51 (A. T. MC River); and in Wyoming on flowers of Apocynum Clay, U.C.D.). Walker Lake, 2 6, VII-23-15 (I. and Geranium (Grand Teton National Park). McCracken, L.S., Jr., U.). In addition, Michener (1 947304) lists Erigeron, Nevada Co.: Donner Pass, 9, VI-18-40 (T. H. G. Nama rothrockii, Opuntia, Pedicularis groenlan- Aitken and M. A. Cazier, U.C.R.). Truckee, 2 4 dica, and Rosa as flowers visited by this bee. VI-17-27 (E. P. Van Duzee, C.A.S.); 3 9, VI-21- 27 (E. P. Van Duzee, C.A.S.); 3 9, VII-4-27 (E. P. Van Duzee, C.A.S.). (Note: The female from Hoplitis albifrons maura (Cresson) Donner has the subspecific charateristics of mawa.) Osmia mura Gesson, 1878, Trans. Amer. Ent. Placer Co.: Alta, 2 4 VI-25-33 (G. E. and R. SOC.,7:104, 9. Type 9, “California” (Acad. M. Bohart, G.E.B.). Colfax, 3 3, V-20-52 (R. M. Nat. Sci., Phila.). Bohart, U.C.D.); 7 d, same data (E. I. Schlinger, Synonymy: hespen’us (Cockerell), 1903. U.C.D.). Emigrant Gap, VI-13-39 (U.C.R.). Geographic range: California, Oregon (see map Fallen Leaf Lake, 9, VII-1915 (L. S. Rosenbaum, 37). C.A.S.). Glen Alpine, Lake Tahoe, 9, VI-29-29 Ca 1if orn ia re c ord s : (E. P. Van Duzee, C.A.S.). Lake Forest, Lake Alameda Co.: Midway, 9, V-24-36 (M. A. Tahoe, 3, VII-16-49 (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.). Lake Cazier, U.C.R.). Tahoe, 9, VIII-22-16 (L. Bruner, U.N.). Placer Butte Co.: Feather River Highway,- 9, VI-14- 86 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

40 (T. H. G. Aitken and M. A. Cazier, K.U.). data (K. G. Whitesell, U.C.D.); 9, VII-11-50 (P. Contra Costa Co.: Antioch, 6, V-24-49, flowers D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); $, VII-9-52 (U.C.L.A.). Lotus (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 2 6, IV-23.50 p. Crystal Lake, 6, VI-23-50, flowers Eriodictyon D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 2 6, $, V-8-50 (P. D. Hud, (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). Crystal Lake Road, Jr., C.I.S., K.U.). Marsh Creek, 9, VI-5-49 (E. C. 4,700 ft., 6, VII-3-52 (E. M. Evans, U.C.D.). Van Dyke, C.A.S.). Mt. Diablo, 6, V-18-47 (P. D. Griffith Park, IV-5-36, flowers Nemophila (E. G. Hurd, Jr., C.1.S.h ?,-V-25-39 (E. C. Van Dyke, Linsley, C.I.S.). Lone Pine Canyon, 5,900 ft., C.A.S.); 9, VI-14-52 (L. D. and R. H. Beamer, 6, VI-16-28, flowers Stanleya pinnuta (P. H. K.U.). Rock City, Mt. Diablo, 6, 9, V-24-40 (E. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Tanbark Flat, San Dimas G. Linsley, C.A.S.). Experimental Forest, 9, VI-18-.50 (A. T McClay, El Dorado Co.: Camino, 3 mi. S., 6, VI-23-48 U.C.D.); 8, VI-19-50, flowers Lotus (P D. Hurd, (A. Bartel, C.I.S.); 6, same data (L. W. Quate, Jr., C.I.S.); 2 9, VI-19-50 (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.); 2 6, same data (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.); C.1.S.h 6, VI-20-50 (J.C. Hall, U.C.D.); 6, 3 9, & VI-26-48 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). Chile Bar, VI-20-50, flowers Lotus (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 4 6, VIE548 (A. Bartel, C.I.S.); 9, same data 9, VI-20-50 (R. 0, Schuster, C.I.S.); 9, same (D. Carter, C.I.S.); 2 6, same data (C. Chan, data (K. G. Whitesell, U.C.D.); 9, VI-21-50 (H. U.C.D.); 6 same data (L. W. Quate, C.I.S.); 6, L. Hansen, C.I.S.); 9, VI-21-50, flowers Lotus same data (S. A. Sher, C.I.S.). China Flat, 2 6, (W. C. Bentinck, C.I.S.); 2 $, VI-22-50 (J. D. VI-28-48 (A. Bartel, C.I.S.); 6 VI-28-48, flowers Paschke, C.I.S.); 9, VI-23-50 (R. L. Anderson, Phacelia (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.1.S.h 6, VI-28-48 U.C.D.); 9, VI-23-50, flowers Lotus (H. F. Robin- (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.); 6, same data (0. E. son, U.C.D.); $, VI-25-50 (W. 0. Marshall, Myers, C.I.S.); c$ VII-5-48 (J. W. MacSwain, U.C.D.); 9, same data (A. T. McClay, U.C.D.); C.I.S.). Echo Lake, 6, VII-21-48 (A. Bartel, $, same data (F. X. Williams, C.A.S.); 2 9, VI- C.I.S.); $, VI-26-52 (W. W. Middlekauff, C.I.S.); 26-50, 3 ?, VI-27-50 (W. C. Bentinck, C.I.S.); 4 6, VII-8-53 (W. W. Middlekauff, C.I.S.). Pyramid same data (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 9, VII-3-50 Lake, 6, VII-12-48 (C. D. MacNeill, C.I.S.). (W.. 0. Marshall, U.C.D.); 9, VII-4-50 (P. D. Snowline Camp, 6, VI-20-48 (S. A. Sher, C.1.S.h Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 9, VII-12-52 (D. E. Barcus, 6, VI-25-48 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); $, same U.C.D.); 9, same data (J. H. Nakata, C.I.S.). data (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.); $, VI-27-48 (C. Tejon Pass, & V-15-33 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.). Chan, U.C.D.); 6, same data (P. D. Had, Jr., Madera Co.: Bass Lake, 5 J, 3 9, VI-6-38 C.I.S.); 9, same data (J. W. MacSwain, C.1.S.h (R. M. Bohart, G.E.B., U.C.D., U.C.L.A.). Oak- 9, VI-30-48 (S. A. Sher, C.1.S.h 9, VIM-49 (P. hurst, C$ V-19-42 (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.). Nip- D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 3 9, VII-7-48 (A. Bartel, pinawasee, 4 6, V-24-36 (M. A. Cazier, U.C.R.); C.I.S.); 2 6, $, VII-7-48, flowers Phacelia (P. 9, V-24-36 (E. S. Ross, C.A.S.). Northfork 9, D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 9, VII-7-48 (J. W. Mac VI-11-23 (R. P. Allen, C.A.S.). Yosemite Fork, Swain, C.I.S.); 9, VII-20-48 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., 9, VI-8-40 (T. H. G. Aitken, B. Brookman, M. A. C.I.S.). Strawberry Valley, 9, VIII-5-12 (E. C. Cazier, U.C.R.). Van Dyke, C.A.S.). (Note: Some of the females Marin Co.: Mill Valley, $, V-2-26 (C. L. Fox, from Snowline Camp and Echo Lake have the C.A.S.). subspecific characters of argentilrons.) Mendocino Co.: Mendocino Pass, 6,000 ft., Lake Co.: Clear Lake (near), 9, V-14-47 (R. d, VI-19-48 (R. M. Bohart, U.C.D.). Ryan Creek, M. Bohart, U.C.D.). 3, VI-1-52 (R. Craig, C.I.S.). Twin Rocks, 9, Los Angeles Co.: Big Pines Camp, 6, $, VII- VII-10-29 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S. ). 12-27, flowers PhaceIiu heterophylla (P. H. Modoc Co.: Davis Creek, 8, VII-13-23, 9, Timberlake, U.C.R.); 9, VII-13-27, same flowers VII-17-22 (C.A.S.). (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); d, v, VII-16-27, Monterey Co.: Hastings Natural History Reser- same flowers (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); c?, V- vation, near Jamesburg, $, V-28-38, d, VI-1-38, 16-28 (0. H. Swezey, U.C.R.); 9, VII-2-34, 4 VI-4-38, 8, VI-14-38, flowers Eriogonum and flowers Phacelia heterophylla (P.. H. Timberlake, Lotus scoparius (C. D. Michener, K.U.). U.C.R.); 9, VII-17-37, same flowers (P. H. Napa Co.: Chiles Valley, 2 3, V-7-39 (E. C. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 6, VI-16-36 (P. H. Timber- Van Dyke, C.A.S.). Mint Canyon, 2 6, V-22-49 lake, U.C.R.). Camp Baldy, ?, VI-26-50 (W. C. (R. C. Bechtel, U.C.D.). Putah Canyon, 6, V-25- Bentinck, C.I.S.); 2 9, same data (H. L. Hansen, 51 (R. C. Bechtel, U.C.D.). Samuel Spring, 2 6 C.I.S.); 8, same data (A. T. McClay, U.C.D.); V-28-53 (R. M. Bohart, U.C.D.); 2 9, V-30-53 9, same data (R. 0. Schuster, C.I.S.); 2, same (J. C. Hall, U.C.D.). THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 87

Plumas Co.: Bucks Lake, 8, VI-23-47 (A. S. V-23-36 (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.); 2 c$ V-23-36, Deal, U.C.D.); 6, same data (W. F. Ehrhardt, flowers Lotus davidsonii (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.D.); 3, same data (J. W. MacSwain, K.U.); U.C.R.). Deep Creek, $, IV-26-36, flowers Alira- 9,VII-14-49 (L. W. Isaak, U.C.D.). Butte Ldke, bilis laevis (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.). Forest Home, 9, VI-10-51 U.C.D.). Caribou,4 VII-6-32(U.C.D.); 6, VI-16-28 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.); 9, VI-6- 9, VII-7-32 (U.C.D.). Meadow Valley, 9, VI-12- 37, flowers Eriodictyon trichocalyx (P. H. Tim- 24, 9, VI-16-24, 2 9, VI-21-24 (W. H. Nelson, berlake, U.C.K.). Lytle Creek, 3 $, V-1536 C.I.S.). Meadow Valley, 3,500-4,000 ft., 2 9, (W. C. Reeves, U.C.R.). Mill Creek, San Bernar- VI-1-24, 9, VI-7-24, 6, 3 9, VI-15-24; same but din0 Mountains, d; V-30-38, flowers Phacelia 4,000-5,000 ft., 6, VI-21-24, 2 9, VII-11-24; same distans(P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); same locality, but 5,000-6,000 ft., 2 I$, VI-21-24, 9, VII-2-24, 3,000 ft., 2 3, V-18-34, flowers Eriodictyon 4 9, VII-6-24, 5 9, VII-8-24 (all collected by E. trichocalyx (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); same C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.). Quincy, 4 mi. W., 5 9, locality, 4,400 ft., 4 9, V-30-38, flowers Phacelia VI-21-47, flowers Phacelia (P. D. Hurd, Jr., distans (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); same locality, C.I.S.); 9, VI-21-47 (W. H. Wade, C.I.S.); c$ 6 9, 4,500 ft., 2 6, 9, V-30-38, flowers Cryptantha VI-22-49, flowers Phacelia (P.. D. Hurd, Jr., intermedia; 9, VI-20-52, flowers Phacelia C.I.S.,K.U.); $’, VI-25-49(R. C. Bechtel, U.C.U.); rarnosissim (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); same 3 9, same data (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 2 9, locality, 4,800 ft., 2 03 V-13-40,flowers Cryptantha same data (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.); 4 9, same intermedia (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Mountain data (F. Morishita, C.I.S.); 9, VI-26-47 (W. F. Home Geek, San Bernardino Mountains, 5,000 Ehrhardt, U.C.D.); 9, same data (E. I. Schlinger, ft., o”, VI-17-34, flowers Eriodictyon trichocalyx U.C.D.); 2 9, VI-30-49 (P. 0. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S., (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 6, VII-4-38, flowers K.U.); 2 9, same data (J. W. MacSwain, K.U.); Phacelia distans (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). 9, VII-2-47 (E. L. Atkinson, C.1.S.); 9, VII-8-49 Rock Creek, north side San Bernardino Mountains (J. E. Gillaspy, C.I.S.). Tobin, 8, V-18-41) (J. W. (Michener, 1947:304). Seeley Flats, San Bernar- Ma cSwa in, C. I.S. ). din0 Mountains, 9, VII-5-17 (L. S., Jr., U.). Riverside Co.: Banning, 9, V-28-28 (E. C. Snow Crest Camp, 8, VII-7-52 (A. T. McClay, Van Dyke, C.A.S.). Hemet, 3, V-10-36 (E. G. U.C.D.). Tetley Mountain Camp, 8, V-14, -flowers Linsley, C.I.S.). Idyllwild, 8, VI-23-28 (E. C. Iris missousiensis (C. D. Michener, K.U.). Tetley Van Dyke, C.A.S.); 2 9, VI-25-28 (E. C. Van Park, San Bernardino Mountains, 8, V-16-36, Dyke, C.A.S.); 7, VII-3-30, flowers Phacelia flowers Nemophila integrifolia (P, H. Timberlake, cafijornica (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 9, VI- U.C.R.); 8, V-23-36 (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.). 6-37, flowers Lotus davidsonii (P. H. Timberlake, Vivian Geek Trail, San Bernardino Mountains, U.C.R.); 8,2, VI-22-41 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.); 6,600 ft., 2 9, VI-6-46, flowers Eriodictyon 9, VI-17-51 (G. C. Bechtel, U.C.D.). Keen Camp, trichocalyx (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). San Jacinto Mountains (Michener, 1947:304); 6, San Diego Co.: Warner Springs, c$ IV-19-50 VI-6 to 12-17 (E. P. Van Duzee, C.A.S.); 4 V- (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). 17-39, flowers Eriodictyon (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.). San Luis Obispo Co.: Paso Robles, 9, V-24- PiGon Flat, San Jacinto Mountains, d, IV-23-50 28 (L. S. Slevin, C.A.S.). (C. D. MacNeill, C.I.S.). San Jacinto Mountains, Santa Clara Co.: Alum Rock Park, 6, 9, V- 9, VI-30-33 (R. H. Beamer, K.U.). Saunders 25-50 (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.); 9, V-27-50 (S. F. Meadows, San Jacinto Mountains, 9, VI-9-40, Bailey and R. M. Bohart, U.C.D.). Los Gatos, flowers Phacelia cafifomica (P. H. Timberlake, 6, VIII-6-33 (J. A. Kusche, C.A.S.). Mt. Hamilton, U.C.R.). Vandevanter Flat, San Jacinto Moun- 8, 3 9, V-25-50 (P. D. Hurd, JK., C.I.S.). tains, 4 9, VI-4-37 (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.). Shasta Co.: Burney, 6, VI-9-41 (C. W. Ander- Sacramento Co.: Folsom, 6, V-30-52 (T. R. son, C.I.S.); same locality, 5 mi. E., s, VI-7-41 Haig, C.I.S.). (C. W. Anderson, C.I.S.). 2 3, VI-7-41 (C. D. San Bernardino Co.: Big Bear Valley, 2, VII- Michener), 8, 9, VI-7-41, flowers Ranunculus 7-34 (C. M. Dammers, U.C.R.); 3 9, VII-7-34, (C.I.S.); same locality, 7 mi. E., 3, V-3@52, flowers Phacelia heteropbylla (P. H. Timberlake, flowers Phacelia (J. G. Rozen, C.I.S.). Hat Creek U.C.R.). Camp Baldy, 2, VII-7-52 (A. A. Greigar- (Michener, 1947:304), 9, VI-4-41, flowers Phacelia ick, U.C.D.); 2, VII-9-52 (U.C.D.). Cajon Valley, (E. G. Linsley, CIS.); same locality, 3 mi. N., $, 3 9, V-8-34 (C. M. Dammers, U.C.R.). Crest- 6, VI-1-41 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); $, 3 9, VI- line, s, V-13-34, flowers Nemophila Menziesii 5-41, flowers Phacelia (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). var. integrijolia (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); < Lassen National Park, 8, IX-7-41 (E. C. Van 88 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Dyke, C.A.S.). bit. Lassen, 4 VII-30-47 (R. M. Sonora Pass, 9,624 ft., 2 c$ VI-27-51 (C. A. Bohart, G.E.B.); same locality, 6,700 ft., 9, Downing, C.I.S.); 6, same data (R. W. Morgan, VI-21 to 22-17 (F. X. Williams, U.C.R.); same C.I.S.); same locality, 9,000-10,000 ft., 9, VII- locality, 7,000 ft., 9, VII-30-47 (R. M. Bohart, 16-51 (A. T. McClay, U.C.D.); 4 VII-16-51 (B. G.E.B.); same locality, 7,500 ft., 6, VI-22-37 Puttler, C.I.S.); 2 c$ VII-11-51 (E. L. Silvers, (F. X. Williams, U.C.R.). Nubieber (mountains U.C.D., U.C.L.A. same locality, 10,00~11,000 west of), 5 ?, VI-4-38 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.). ft., 6, VII-11-51 (B. Puttler, C.I.S.). Strawberry, (Note: Females from Mt. Lassen and Hat Lake 7 &, 2 9, VI-18-51, flowers Phacelia (E. G. approach argentifrons in subspecific characters.) Linsley, C.I.S.); 3 6, VI-18-51 (J. W. MacSwain, Siskiyou Co.: Mt. Bradley, 9, VII-14 (C. L. C.I.S.); 4 VI-19-51 (S. M. Kappos; U.C.D.); d: Fox, C.A.S.). Mt.Shasta, 6,V-2952 (J. G. Rozen, same data (D. P. Lawfer, U.C.D.); 9, same data C.I.S.). Shasta Springs, 2 o", 9, VI-20-20 (C. L. (E. G. Linsley and J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.); 4 Fox, C.A.S.). same data (Joan Linsley, C.I.S.); 4 same data Solano Co.: Green Valley, 9, VI-4-33 (G. E. (B. Puttler, C.I.S.); 2 &, VI-20-51 (E. L. Silvers, and K. M. Bohart, G.E.B.): 5 9, VI-9-33, flowers U.C.D., U.C.L.A.); 9, VI-21-51 (S. M. Kappas, Clarkia elegans and Phacelia 0,. H. Timberlake, U.C.D.); 2 4 same data (D. P. Lawfer, U.C.D.); U.C.R.). Gates Canyon, s, V-21-50 (A. T. Mc 4 same data (A. T. McClay, U.C.D.); 4 VI-22-51 Clay, U.C.D.). (S. M. Kappos, U.C.D.); 3 c$ same data (D. P. Stanislaus Co.: Adobe Creek, c$ V-28-48 (R. Lawfer, U.C.D.); 7 & same data (E. G. Linsley v. d. Bosch, C.I.S.). and J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.); 8, same data (A. T. Trinity Co.: Big Flat, Coffee Creek, 8, 9, McClay, U.C.D.); 4 VI-23-51 (C. A. Downing, VI-21-34 (G. E. Bohart, G.E.B., U.C.D.); 9, VI- C.I.S.); 6, same data (S. M. Kappos, U.C.D.); 4 22-34 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.). Carrville, 2,400- same data (R. W. Morgan, C.I.S.); 2 4 same data 2,500 ft., 4 V-29-34 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.); (E. L. Silvers, U.C.D.); 6, VI-24-51 (E.I. Schling- c$ VI-11-34 (G. E. Bohart, G.E.B.); 9, VI-22-31 er,U.C.D); 2 6, VI-25-51 (A. T. McClay, U.C.D.); (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.); 2 9, VI-24-31 (E. c. 8, same data (B. Puttler, C.I.S.); 6, VI-2951 (S. Van Dyke, C.A.S.). East Fork Trinity River, 6, M. Kappos, U.C.D.); c$ VII-1-51 (J. C. Hall, V-31-51 (A. T. McClay, U.C.U.). (Note: One U.C.D.); 3 6 VII-4-51 (A. T. McClay, U.C.D.); female from Big Flat has characters of argenti- $, VII-8-51 (R. W. Morgan, C.I.S.); 8, VII-15-53 frons. (J. G. Rozen, C.I.S.). Tioga Pass, y, VII-3-33 Tulare Co.: Badger, 2 4 9, V-26-29, flowers (G.E.B.). Tuolumne City, 6, VI-22-53 (J. G. Clarkia elegans and Lonicera interrupts (P. H. Rozen, C.I.S.). (Note: Females from Mill Camp, Timberlake, U.C.R.). California Hot Springs, 9, Dodge Ridge, Sonora Pass, Dardanelles, Tioga V-3-39, 9, VI-3-39 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.). Pass, and Pinecrest have characters of argenti- Crabtree Meadow, 9, VII-20.35 (Evans, K.U.). frons.) Giant Forest, & VII-22-28 (C. L. Fox, C.A.S.). Yo10 Co.: Putah Canyon, 2 c$ VI-5-49 (R. C. Kaweah, q, VI-1936 (F. T. Scott, U.C.R.). Bechtel, U.C.D.). Mineralking, 8, VIII-2-35 (G. E. Bohart, U.C.D.). Yuba Co.: Camptonville, 4 VI-24-21 (C.I.S.). Potwisha, Sequoia National Park, 2,000-5,000 ft., Discussion: 4 V-17-20, c$ V-18-20, 9, V-28-29, 3 9, VI-13-29 This subspecies occurs in cismontane Cali- (Michener, 1947:304). Redwood Meadows, 6, fornia and southern Oregon at lower altitudes VIII-3-23 (C. L. Fox, C.A.S.). Wolverton, Sequoia than the subspecies argentifrons. As shown in National Park, 7,000-9,000 ft., 9, VI-13-29 (E. details elsewhere (Michener, 1747b) it merges C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.). (Note: The females from with that subspecies on the western slopes of Crabtree and Mineralking have characters of the Sierra Nevada and over broad areas of Oregon argentifrons.) and Washington. Tuolumne Co.: Cow Creek, 6, 9, VI-27-37 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.);6, VI-25-51 (A. T. McClay, U.C.D.). Dardanelles, 2 9, VI-26-51 (E. L. Hoplitis louisae (Cockerell) Silvers, U.C.D., U.C.L.A.). Dodge Ridge, 9, (PI. 14, fig. 27; pi. 17, fig. 52) VII-15-51 (A. T. McClay, U.C.D.). Mill Creek Camp, 9, VII-13-51 (R. C. Bechtel, U.C.D.). Osmia louisae Cockerell, 1934, Amer. Mus. Pinecrest, 3, 9, VII-12-53, 4 VII-18-53 (J. G. Novitates, 67914, 9. Type 9, Craters of the Rozen, C.I.S.); same locality, 5,400 ft., 2 6, 9, Moon, Idaho (Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.). VIII-1-52, flowers Eriogonum (R. R. Snelling). Geographic range: British Columbia, Washington, THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 89

Map 38. Distributions of Hoplitis louisae (Cockerell) indicated by solid circles, and Hoplitis uiridimicans (Cockerell) by open circles. 90 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Oregon, Idaho, California, and Utah (see map 3 6, 2 y, same data (C. D. MacNeill, C.I.S.); 3 38). 9, same data (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.); 9, same California re cords : data (S. A. Sher, C.I.S.); 9, MI-18-48 (A. Bartel, Eldorado Co.: Fallen Leaf Lake, 3, VII-15-15 C.I.S.); c$ same data (D. Carter, C.I.S.); 8 9, (Michener, 1947:310, U.C.R.). same data (J. W. MacSwain, C.1.S.); 9, same Lassen Co.: Summit Camp, 6, VI-28-49 (W. data (0. E. Myers, C.I.S.); 9, same data (K. W. H. Wade, K.U.). Tucker, C.I.S.). Mono Co.: Sardine Creek, 8,500 ft., 9, VI- Amador Co.: Clipper Gap, 9, VI-5-30 (E. C. 2&51 (J. J. Drea). Van Dyke, C.A.S.). Nevada Co.: Truckee, 9, VII-4-27 (E. P. Van Contra Costa Co.: Mt. Diablo, 6, IV-24-37 Duzee, C.A.S.). (G. E. and R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.); 2 6 IV-28-39 Placer Co.: Lake Tahoe (Michener, 1947:310). (M. A. Cazier, U.C.R.). Tuolumne Co.: Sonora Pass, 8, 9, VII-11-51 Eldorado Co.: Camino, 3 mi. S., 9, VI-26-48 (J. W. MacSwain, C.1.S.h 2 9,same data (R, W. (A. Bartel, C.I.S.); 9, VI-26-48, flowers Phucelia Morgan, C.I.S., K.U.); 9, VII-13-51 (J. W. Mac (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 9, VI-26-48, flowers Swain, K.U.). Eriodictyon (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.); 9, VI-26-48 Discussion: (L. W. Quate, C.I.S.). Echo Lake, 6, VII-21-48 This is the largest of the green species of (A. Bartel, C.I.S.); 9, VII-11-51 (W. W. Middle- Monumetha. Structurally the female is very like kauff, C.J.S.); same locality, 7,400 ft., 6, VI-26- the much more common smaller species, fulgida, 52 (W; W. Middlekauff, C.I.S.); C$ VII-21-48 (K. although the male is abundantly distinct because W. Tucker, C.I.S.). Fallen Leaf Lake, $, VII- of the thickened flagellum and other characters 1931 (0. H. Swezey, U.C.R.). Pollock Pines, (fig. 27). In California this species is found at $, VI-16-52 (E. I. Schlinger, U.C.D.). Pyramid high altitudes in the Sierra Nevada. Nothing is Peak, 8,000 ft., VIII-8-12 (E. C. Van Dyke, known of its floral habits. C.A.S.). Pyramid Ranger Station, 3 4 VII-12-48 (C. D. MacNeill, C.I.S.). Snowline Camp, 6, VI- 20-48 (A. Bartel, C.I.S.); 8, 9,same data (P. D. Hoptitis viridimicans (Cockerell) Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 9, same data (J. W. MacSwain, (Pl. 14, fig. 30) C.I.S.); 9, VI-22-48 (S. A. Sher, C.I.S.); 4 VI- 26-48 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); $, VI-27-48 (A. Osmia viridimicans Cockerell, 1897, Proc. Acad. Bartel, C.I.S.); 6, same data (P. D. Hurd, Jr., Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 334, 9. Type $, Olympia, C.I.S.); 4 VI-30-48 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 9, Washington (U.S. Nat. Mus.). VII-7-48 (C. Chan, U.C.D.). Strawberry, 9, VII- Geographic range: Oregon, Washington (see map 1-50 (C. D. Michener, K.U.). Tallac, 6,000 ft., 38). 2 o", (W. M. Giffard, C.A.S.). Discussion: Fresno Co.: Huntington Lake, 6, VII-7-19, 9, This species is not known to occur in Cali- VII-15-19(F. E. Blaisdell, C.A.S.); 2 c?, $, VII-17 fornia, but since it OCCLUS on the Pacific slope (I. McCracken, L.S., Jr., U.). of Oregon and Washington, it very possibly occurs Inyo Co.: Big Pine, 4 VI-20-37 (W. C. Reeves, also in northwestern California. No records of U.C.R.). Big Pine Creek, 7,500 ft., 2, 9, VI-12- its floral visitations are known to us. 42 (R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.). Glacier Lodge, Big Pine, 6, VI-20-37 (W. C. Reeves, U.C.R.); 4 6; 9, VI-23-37 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S., K.U.). Hoplitis fulgidQ platyura (Cockerell) Bishop Creek, 2 4 5 9, VI-22-37 (N. W. Frazier, (PI. 14, fig. 28; pl. 17, figs. 51, 53; pl. 18, fig.61) U.C.R.); 6, VI-22-37 (C. D. Michener, K.U.). Lone Pine, 6, VI-22-37 (C.I.S.). Osmia platywa Cockerell, 1911, Ann. Mag. Nat. Lake Co.: Cobb Mountain, 2 2, V-7-36 (R. M. Hist., (8) 8:765, 4 9. Type 4 Claremont, Bohart, U.C.D., U.C.L.A.). California (U.S. Nat. Mus.). Lassen Co.: Bridge Creek Gmp, y, VII-9-49 Synonym: lawae (Michener), 1936. (R. C. Bechtel, U.C.D.); 9, same data (D. Cox, Geographic range: Oregon, California (see map U.C.D.). Hallelujah Jct., $, VII-4-49 (L. W. 39). Isaak, U.C.D.). Summit Camp, 4 VI-28-49 (A. S. Ca lif orn ia re cords : Deal, U.C.D.); 4 9, same data (W. F. Ehrhardt, Alpine Co.: Hope Valley, 9, VII-9-48 (A. U.C.D.); 2 4 same data (J. W. MacSwain, K.U.); Bartel, C.I.S.); 2, same data (C. Chan, U.C.D.); 2 6, $, same data (F. Morishita, U.C.D.). Susan THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 91 92 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

River Camp, (3: VII-10-49 (E. L. Atkinson, C.I.S.). R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.). Angora Lake, Tahoe, 3, Los Angeles Co.: Acton, 3, IV-10-36 (E. G. 2 ?, VII-4-15 (E. P. Van Duzee, C.I.S.). Colfax, Linsley, C.I.S.). Aliso Canyon, 6, V-3-31 (C. D. 2 6, V-20.52 (R. M. Bohart, U.C.D.); 8, same Michener, K.U.). Altadena, $, IV-18-35, flowers data (J. C. Hall, U.C.D.); 2 4 9, same data (E. Phacefia ramosissima (C. D. Michener, K.U.); I. Schlinger, U.C.D.). Emigrant Gap, 3 8, VI-26- 8, V-11-15, flowers Phncefia tanucetifofza (C. D. 37 (M. A. Cazier, U.C.R.). Gold Run, 9, VI-18- Michener, K.U.); $, same data (P. H. Timberlake, 38 (M. A. Embury, U.C.R.). Jake Forest, Lake U.C.R.). Big Pines Camp, 7,300 ft., 3 $, VII-14- Tahoe, 2 9, VII-16-49 (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.). 27, flowers Sphaerafcea fasciculatum (P. H. Lake Tahoe, 6,225 ft., 2 $, VII-17-49 (E. G. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 2 $, VII-16-27, flowers Linsley, C.I.S.). Lake Tahoe, 9, VI-1-36 (R. M. Pbucefiu heterophyffa(P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Bohart, G.E.B.). Summit, 7,000 ft., 3 (W. M. Griffith Park, 4 6, IV-5-36, flowers Nemophila Giffard, C.A.S.). (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.). Pasadena, & IV-10.33 Plumas Co.: Bucks Lake, 3 6, VI-23-49 (A. S. (C. D. Michener, K.U.). Puente Hills, $, V-10-36, Deal; U.C.D.); 6, same data (J. W. MacSwain, flowers Phacelia distans (P. H. Timberlake, C.I.S.); S, same data (F. Morishita, C.I.S.); S, U.C.R.). Swartout Valley, 6, $, VI-3-28, flowers same data (C. I. Smith, C.I.S.); 6, VII-1-49 (E. I. Phacefia heterophyffa(P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Schlinger, U.C.D.). Lake Almanor, $, VI-28-45 Tanbark Flat, San Dimas Experimental Forest, (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.); 3 9, VII-8-49 (R. C. v, VI-20-50 (K. G. Whitesell, U.C.D.); 2 9, VI- Bechtel, U.C.D.). Meadow Valley, 3,000-4,000 21-50 (D. C. Blodget, U.C.D., U.C.L.A.); 9, VI- ft., 6, 9, VI-7-24 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.); 22-50 (R. 0. Schuster, C.I.S.); 9, VII-1-50 (H. L. same locality, 4,00G5,000 ft., 9, VI-7-24 (E. C. Hansen, K.U.); 9, VI-23-52 (R. L. Anderson, Van Dyke, C.A.S.). Onion Valley, 9, VII-7-49 U. C. D. 1. (E. I. Schlinger, U.C.D.). Quincy, 4 mi. W., 6 4 Madera Co.: Bass Lake, 6, 111-6-38 (N. F. 9, VI-23-49 (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.); 9, VI-25- Hardman, C.1.S.h 2 8, $, VI-6-38 (R. M. Bohart, 49 (F. Morishita, C.I.S.); $ VI-2949 (J. W. G.E.B.). Oakhutst, 6, $, V-19-42 (E. G. Linsley, MacSwain, C.I.S.); 2 9, VI-30-49 (W. F. Ehrhardt, C.I.S., U.C.R.); 8, V-19-42, flowers Mimufus U.C.D.); $, VI-30-49, flowers Phacefia (P. D. (G. E. Bohart, G.E.B.); 4 2 9, VI-1-42 (E. G. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 8, VI-30-49 (W. R. Schreader, Linsley, U.C.R.). San Joaquin Experimental U.C.D.); 319, VU-1-49 (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.); Range, near O’Neals, 2 $, IV-18-53, flowers 6, VII-2-49 (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). Nemophila muculata (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). Riverside Co.: Banning, $, V-28-28, 9, V-17- Mariposa Co.: El Portal, 6 V-18-38, flowers 41 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.). Corona, 4 IV-1912 Trifolium (R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.). Fish Camp, 6, (C.I.S.). Idyllwild, & VI-10-39 (E. G. Linsley, V-10-42 (E. G. Linsley, U.C.R.). Indian Flats, C.I.S.); 6, V-20-39, flowers Cryptantha (E. G. 9, V-23-38 (J. R. Warren, U.C.R.). Pohono Trail, Linsley, C.I.S.). Keen Camp, San Jacinto Moun- Yosemite, 6, VI-26-26 (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). tains, $, VI-5-39 (B. Brookman, C.I.S.). Ribbon- Yosemite, 6, V-23-38, flowers Cryptantha (R. M. wood, San Jacinto Mountains (Michener, 1947: Bohart, U.C.D.); 8, V-25-38 (U.C.D.). Yosemite 308); c$ V-20.39 (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.); 2 9, Valley, 8, VII-5-21 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.). V-20-39, flowers Collinsia (E. S. Ross, C.I.S.). Mendocino Co.: Ryan Creek, 9, V-30-49 Riverside, $, IV-7-30, 9, IV-3-34, 2 9, IV-16-36, (R. Craig, C.I.S.). flowers Phacelia distans (P. H. Timberlake, Modoc Co.: Paynes Ranch, 9, VI-15-34 (Mich- U.C.R.); $, V-12-36, flowers Cryptantha inter ener, 1947:308, C.A.S.). media (P. H. Timberlake, U.C. R.). Temecula, Mono Co.: Coleville, 4 8, V-28-39 (T. H. G. $, IV-11-50 (W. F. Barr, U.1.); 2 4 9, same data Aitken, M. A. Cazier, J. A. Downes, P. C. Ting, (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); S, 9, IV-18-50 (J. W. U.C.R.). Leavitt Meadows, 7 4 VI-26-37 (N. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.); 9, IV-24-51 (E. I. Schlinger, Frazier, U.C.R.). Mammoth, q, VII-5-34 (G.E.B.). U.C.D.). The Gavilan, 8, 111-13-36, flowers Rhus Mono Lake, VI-15-17 (Michener, 1947:308, trifobata (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 4 IV-27-38, C.A.S.). 9, IV-20-39, S, IV-6-50, S, IV-10-50, 6 9, IV- Nevada Co.: Hobart Mills, 4 mi. N.W., 9, VI- 16-50, 9, IV-16-52, flowers Cryptantha intermedia 5-51 (R. C. Bechtel, U.C.R). Truckee, & VI- (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 6 IV-18-37 (E. G. 13-27, 2 8, VI-14-27, $, VI-15-27, 2 ?, VI-17-27, Linsley, C.I.S.); 9, V-8-50, flowers Mentzefia 9, VI-20-27, 6, 2 9, VI-21-27 (E. P. Van Duzee, albicadis (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 9, IV- C.A.S.). 16-50, flowers hfarrubium uufgare (P. H. Timber- Placer Co.: Alta, 4 $, VI-25-33 (G. E. and lake, U.C.R.). Vandevanter Flat, San Jacinto THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 93

Mountains, 9, VI-11-39 (E. S. ROSS, C.I.S.). Tulare Co.: Alta Meadows, Giant Forest, San Benito Co.: Pinnacles National Monument, 9,100 ft., d, VII-19-26 (C. L. Fox, C.A.S.). Giant 9, V-3-46 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); d, IV-24-48, Forest, d, VII-11-23, 9, VII-26-23 (C. L. Fox, flowers Phacelia (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.1.S.h 2 d, C.A.S.). Lemoncove, 8, IV-14-50, flowers Pbucelia IV-24-48 (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.). Redwood Meadows, San Bemardino Co.: Big Bear Valley, $, VI-’ Sequoia National Park, 2 d, VIII-3-23 (C. L. Fox, 10.33 (C. M. Dammers, U.C.R.). Crestline (near), C.A.S.). Sequoia National Park, 9, IV-24-49 (R. 3 8, 3 9, V-13-34, flowers Nemophila Menziesii C. Bechtel, U.C.D.). Woodlake, 4 X-15-51, var. integrifolia (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Mill flowers Centromudia (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.). Creek, San Bernardino Mountains, 9, V-30-38, Tuolumne Co.: Cow Creek, 8, VI-27-37 (E. C. flowers Pbucelia distans (P. H. Timberlake, Van Dyke, C.A.S.); 4 VI-24-51 (E. I. Schlinger, U.C.R.). Morongo Valley (Michener, 1947:308). U.C.D.). Dodge Ridge, 9, VII-13-51 (E. J. Taylor, Seven Oaks, San Bernardino Mountains, 3 8, V- U.C.D.); 9, VII-19-51 (A. T. McClay, U.C.D.). 30-36 (W. C. Reeves, U.C.R.). Tetley Mountain Pinecrest, 8, VII-12-53 (B. L. Rozen, C.I.S.); Camp, San Bernardino Mountains, 9, V-16, flowers C?, VI-19-53, 3 d, VII-12-53, 8, 9, VII-18-53 (J. Nemophila (C. D. Michener, K.U.). Tetley Park, G. Rozen, C.I.S.); same locality, 5,400 ft., 3, 3 9, V-1&36, 8, V-16-36, 2 3, VI-23-36, flowers VI-1 9-51, flowers Nemophila (R. R. Snelling); Nemophila Menziesii var. integrifolia (P. H. 8, VI-19-51, flowers Mimulus (J. I. Stage). Sonora Timberlake, U.C.R.); 2 9, V-23-36, flowers Pass, 10,000 ft., 9, VII-11-51 (J.’W. MacSwain, Potentilla (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.). C.I.S.). Strawberry, 8, VI-18-51 (J. W. MacSwain, San Diego Co.: Cuyamaca, 9, IV-20-50 (f. W. C.I.S.); 2 & VI-1451 (S. M. Kappos, U.C.D.); MacSwain, K.U.). Warner Springs, IV-20-50, 6 VI-20-51 (S. M. Kappos, U.C.D.); 3 4 VI-21-51 flowers Cryptantha intermedia (P. H. Timberlake, (D. P. Lawfer, U.C.D.); 4 same data (R. W. U.C.R.). Morgan, C.I.S.); 2 6, same data (E. L. Silvers, San Luis Obispo Co.: Atascadero, 4 C?, IV-26- U.C.D.); 9, VI-22-51 (S. M. Kappos, U.C.D.); 5 19 (E. P. Van Duzee, C.A.S.). Paso Robles, 9, 8, same data (D. P. Lawfer, U.C.D.); d, same V-24-28 (L. S. Slevin, C.A.S.). data (R. W. Morgan, C.I.S.); 3 6 VI-23-51 (C. A. Santa Clara Co.: Calero Reservoir near Coyote, Downing); 9, same data (S. M. Kappos, U.C.D.); 8, IV-5-52 (L. Gunter). 4 2 9, same data (D. P. Lawfer, U.C.D.); 8, Shasta Co.: Hat Creek, ~3, VI-1-41 (C. D. VI-29-51 (S. M. Kappos, U.C.D.); 8, same data Michener, C.I.S.); same locality, 3 mi. N., 2 d, (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.); 9, VII-8-51 (S. M. VI-5-41, flowers Phacelia (P. D. Hurd, Jr., Kappos, U.C.D.); 8, VII-9-51 (D. P. Lawfer, C.I.S.). Lassen National Park, 7,000 ft., 2 6 U.C.D.); 9, VII-14-51 (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). VII-30.47 (R. M. Bohart, G.E.B., U.C.D.). Round Strawberry Lake, 9, VI-23-51 (J. W. MacSwain, Mountain, d, V-23-46 (R. M. Bohart, U.C.D.). C.I.S.). Tioga Pass, 8, VI-3-33 (G. E. and R. M. Summit Lake, Mt. Lassen, 6,700 ft., 8, 9, VI-21 Bohart, G.E.B.); 9, VII-3-33 (G. E. and R. M. to 22-37 (F. X. Williams, U.C.R.). Mt. Lassen, Bohart, G.E.B.). 7,000 ft., 4 VII-30-47 (R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.). Ventura Co.: Frazier Park, 2 a V-18-40 (R. Sierra Co.: Gold Lake, 9, VII-10-21, 6, VIE M. Bohart, U.C.D., U.C.L.A.). 11-21, S, 2 9, VII-12-21, 2 S, VII-14-21, 9, VII- Yuba Co.: Camptonville, 6, 9, VI-24-21 (C.I.S.). 15-21, 8, VII-18-21, d, VII-19-21, 6, VII-20-21, Discussion: 4 8, 6 9, VII-26-21 (C. L. FOX,C.A.S.). S’ierra- This is the California subspecies of the wide- ville, 12 mi. S.E., 4 VII-4-53 (U.C.D.). spread and common western bee, Hoplitis fulgida Siskiyou Co.: Shasta Springs, 2 6, 9, VI-6-20 (Cresson). In southern Oregon, the intergradation (C. L. Fox, C.A.S.). Weed, 9, VI-13-36 (I. Mc with /ulgida proper occurs. In California, platyura Gacken, C.A.S.). occurs in all regions except the deserts and the Sonoma Co.: The Geysers, 8, VI-3-38 (E. C. Great Valley, and even reaches the desert mar- Johnson, C.A .S.). gins as at Morongo Valley, San Bernardino County. Stanislaus Co.: Turlock, 6, IV-9-36 (G. E. and It has been collected from near sea level to R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.); 6, V-10-52, flowers Pbu- 10,000 feet altitude, appearing in March at lower celia (R. R. Snelling). altitudes and in May at higher altitudes, flying Trinity Co.: Big Flat, Coffee Creek, 9, VI- through July and even iato August and September. 21-34 (G. E. Bohart, G.E.B., U.C.R.). Carrville, In addition to the floral records enumerated 2,400-2,500 ft., 9, V-30-34 (G.E.B.); 9, VI-11-34 above, platyura has been reported by Michener (E. C. Van Dyke. C.A.S.). Zenia,.. 6, VI-13-35 (1947:308) to visit the flowers of Lappula sp. (H. J. Rayner, G.E~B.). and Stacbys califomica The nominate subspecies 94 B.ULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

has been taken on flowers of Gentium parryi, prove impossible. However, if Anthocopa is Geranium caespitosum, Fragaria vesca, Poten- placed with Hoplitis, the same treatment for tilla, Rosa, and Rubus deliciosus (Michener, Proteriades and Ashmeadiella may seem logical, 1947a, ibid.). Other records obtained during the although it would be unfortunate, since these preparation of the present paper include: Prunus are well-marked groups of rather large size. melanocarpa (Florissant, Colorado), Geranium Anthocopa differs from Hoplitis principally by (Rock Creek R.S., Minadoka N.F., Idaho), Allium the broadly concave anterior surface of the first diehlii, Convolulus, Phacelia leucophylla, P. metasomal tergum, the sculpturing of this surface linearis, and Ranunculus (Logan, Utah). changing abruptly at an impressed line ot feeble carina to the coarser sculpturing of the dorsal surface. In Anthocopa the sixth metasomal tergum Genus Arcthocopa Lepeletier is ordinarily not toothed at the sides. The American species of Anthocopa were Like Hoplitis, Anthocopa is a rather large genus revised by Michener (1943). One of the sub- of bees. It is divisible into several subgenera, genera, Xerosmia, then included in Anthocopa three of which occur in North America. Others has been transferred to Proteriades. In 1943 it are found in Eurasia and even Africa. In the was suggested that the common characters ex- Western Hemisphere, most of the 26 known species hibited by Xerosmia and Proteriades result from occur in California, and none are known east of convergence; now that more is known about the Great Plains. The limited distribution of Protetiades it is obvious that they indicate close Anthocopa in America and the great diversity in relationship and that Xerosmia is an integral Eurasia suggest an Old World origin for Antho- part of Proteriades. copu. Nesting habits of American species of Antho- Anthocopa consists of robust bees having the copa are entirely unknown. The flower-visiting form of Osmia, from which they differ by the behavior is comparatively well known, however. linear parapsidal lines, the presence of a carina Thus the subgenus Eremosmia contains one (often weak) along the inner ventral angle of group which collects pollen from Compositae, each hind coxa, and the usually nonmetallic whereas the others collect from Hydrophyllaceae coloration. Confusion between Anthocopa and and Leguminosae; Atoposmia uses Penstemon, Hoplitis is easy, particularly among the Old and Hexosmia uses Hydrophyllaceae such as World groups, and the continued recognition of Nemophila and Phacelia. Anthocopa as a separate genus will probably

Key to the American Subgenera of Antbocopa Males Mouth parts, when folded, hardly reaching fore coxae ...... 2 Mouth parts long, when folded reaching well behind anterior coxae. (Posterior coxae with carina along inner ventral angle feeble) ...... Atoposmiu (p. 96) Body with feeble'metallic luster; seventh metasomal tergum hidden, so that dorsum of metasoma seems to consist of but six terga ...... Hexosmia (p. 123) Body without metallic luster; metasoma with seven exposed terga ...Eremosmia(p. 107)

Females

Mouth parts shorter, in repose scarcely reaching anterior coxae ...... 2 Mouth parts long, in repose reaching well behind anterior coxae. (Posterior coxae with carina along inner ventral angle feeble.) ...... Atoposmia (p. 96) Body with feeble metallic luster; posterior coxae with inner ventral carinae weak ...... Hexosmia (p. 107) Body nonmetallic; posterior coxae each with strong carina along inner ventral angle ...... Eremosmia (p. 123) THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 95

Plate 8. Lateral view of Anthocopa copelandica albomarginata (Cockerell) , male. 96 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Subgenus Atoposniia Cockerel1 Hoplitis (colei) and Chelostoma (cockerelli) which visit Eriodictyon. This subgenus may be distinguished by the Atoposmia is the most difficult group of elongate mouthparts from all other American sub- Anthocopa It is made particularly difficult by genera of Anthocopa. The reason for the elonga- the rarity of many of the species in collections, tion is not entirely evident, since these bees owing, perhaps, in part, to their early season of usually crawl into the tubular flowers of Pen- activity at very high altitudes and in part, per- stemon, which they often visit in association with haps, to actual scarcity in nature. Most species species of other groups (e.g., Osrnia) which do of this subgenus occur in the higher mountains; not have unusually elongate mouthparts. The none inhabit the desert except an undescribed situation is comparable to that of the seemingly species known from a single specimen. needlessly long mouthparts of the species of

Key to the California Species of Atoposrnia

1. Posterior margin of third metasomal sternum with a more or less strong emargination, if shallow, made conspicuous by the fringe which is long laterally so that the apical margin of the fringe is strongly emarginate ...... 2 Posterior margin of third metasomal sternum with a but feebly emarginate, fringed median section ...... panamintensis (p. 103) 2(1). Posterior basitarsi about 2.5 times as long as broad; punctation of face, vertex, and dorsum of thorax fine, withqut interspaces between punctures in most areas. ..hebitis(p. 107) Posterior basitarsi 3 to 4 times as long as broad; punctation coarser, with interspaces be- tweenpunctures ...... 3 3(2). Maxillary palpi five-segmented, fully as long as first segment of labial palpi; lateral margins of sixth metasornal tergum usually but feebly convex or slightly sinuate ..... 4 Maxillary palpi apparently foursegmented, much shorter than first segment of labial palpi; lateral margins of sixth metasomal tergum convex...... pymognatha(p. 106) 4(3). Truncation of clypeus not produced, usually more than three times as long as distance from end of truncation to lateral angle of clypeus ...... 5 Truncation of clypeus slightly produced, but little longer than distance from end of truncation to lateral angle of clypeus ...... elongata (p. 103) 5(4). Seventh metasomal tergum with lateral lobes exceeding median tooth ...... 6 Seventh metasomal tergum with median tooth exceeding lateral lobes ...... anthodyta (p. 99), oregona (p. 10 1) 6(5) Punctures of upper posterior parts of genal areas finer, or at least closer, than those of middle of vertex; emargination of third metasomal sternum about half as wide as total width of sternum along exposed posterior margin ...... Lriodonta (p. 103) Punctures of upper posterior parts of genal areas neither finer nor closer than those of middle of vertex; emargination of third metasomal sternum less than half as wide as total width of sternum ...... abjecta(p. 97)

Females

1. Mandibles tridentate (as in pl. 19, fig. 75); apex of clypeus simple or slightly sinuate. . 2 Mandibles quadridentate as a result of distad projection of the subapical dorsal swelling (pl. 19, fig. 72); apex of clypeus with a small, deep, median emargination between a pair of submedian teeth...... panamintensis (p. 103) THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 97

2(1). Face, vertex, and dorsum of thorax finely and closely punctate with no interspaces between punctures; hind basitarsi closely punctured, dull, 2.3 times as long as broad...... hebitis (p. 107) Face, vertex, and dorsum of thorax rather coarsely punctate with distinct interspaces between punctures; hind basitarsi shining, 2.5 to 3 times as long as broad ..... 3 3(2). Maxillary palpi about equal in length to first segment of labial palpi, five-segmented; mandibles at least slightly more than three times as long as shortest. width ...... 4 Maxillary palpi shorter than first segment of labial palpi, apparently foursegmented; mandibles about three times as long as shortest width ...... pycnognatha(p. 106) 4(3). Cheeks finely and densely punctate, more finely so above than middle of vertex, and fur- nished with numerous rather short, depressed, anteriorly directed hairs (which are inconspicuous if dark in color); clypeus closely punctate, punctures about as fine as those of frons ...... triodonla (p. 103) Cheeks as coarsely punctate as or more coarsely punctate than vertex, punctures not dense, pubescence sparse and less depressed than in above; clypeus usually more coarsely and less closely punctate than frons ...... 5 5(4). Scopa long, hairs of second metasomal sternum usually about twice as long as sternum . 6 Scopa short, hairs of second metasomal sternum little if at all longer than sternum ...... oregona(p. 101) 6(5). Mandible less narrowed medially, its width at narrowest point about one-third of length of mandible along lower margin ...... 7 Mandible much narrowed medially, its width at narrowest point about one-fourth of length of mandible along lower margin (pl. 17, fig. 71) ...... anthodyta (p. 99) 7(6). Coarsely punctured portion of mesoscutum extending nearly to parapsidal lines...... abjecta(p. 97) Coarsely punctured portion of mesoscutum restricted to center .....elongata (p. 103)

Anthocopa abjecta (Cresson) the central part with the punctures separated by two or more puncture widths in most individuals, Osmia abjecta Cresson, 1878, Trans. Amer. Ent. the coarse and rather widely separated punctures SOC.,7:103, $. extending out virtually to the parapsidal lines Geographic range : California , Colorad 0, Ore gon, in females. A. anthodyta and oregona also have Utah, and Wyoming (see map 40). coarse 1y punctured me s os c uta but the pun c t ure s Discussion: are closer; both also have noriceably more nar- A. abjecta can be distinguished from other rowed mandibles in the females. Atoposmia by the coarsely punctured mesoscutum,

Key to the Subspecies of Anthocopa abjecta

1. Scopa black or reddish black; metasomal terga with black or dark fuscous hairs in both sexes ...... abjecta(p. 97) Scopa light brown; metasomal terga without black hairs and with but little fuscous hair ...... alta(p. 99) 98 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Map 40. Distribution of Anthocopa ahjecta (Cresson), the subspecies abjecta indicated by solid circles, and the subspecies alta by open circles. THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 99

Anthocopa abjecta abjecta (Cresson) Placer Co.: Brockway, 4 VII-1941 (G. E. Bohart, G.E.B.). Osmia abjecta Cresson, 1878, Trans. Amer. Ent. Plumas Co.: Bucks Lake, 4 VII-1-49 (W. R. SOC., 7:103, 9. Type 9, “Colorado” (Acad. Schreader, U.C.D.). Quincy, 4 mi. W., ’$.VI-30- Nat. Sci. Phila.). 49 (E. I. Schlinger, C.I.S.); 6, VII-2-49 (W. R. Synonymy: mesae (Cockerell), 1930; nigzior Schreader, U.C.D.). Michener, 1943, 9, not 6. Sierra Co.: Gold Lake, 2 c$ 9, VII-31-21 Geographic range: California, Colorado, Oregon, (Michener, 1943:59, C.A.S., K.U.); 3 6, VII-10-21, Utah, and Wyoming (see map 40). 2 8, VII-20-21, S, VII-26-21 (C. L. FOX, C.A.S.). California records : Tulare Co.: Crabtree Meadow, 4 VII-20-35 Mono Co. : Blanco’s Corral, White Mountains, (G. E. Bohart, G.E.B.). Mineralking, 9, IX-3-33 10,000 ft., 4 VI-30-53 (S. Mitoma, C.I.S.); 2 c$ (C. D. Michener, K.U.); 2 9, VIII-5-35 (G. E. VII-5-53 (H. Nakakihara, C.I.S.); 9, VII-7-53 (J. Bohart, G.E.B., K.U.). White Chief, Mineralking, W. MacSwain, C.I.S.); 9, VII-8-53 (H. Nakakihara, 4,000 ft., S, VIII-1-23 (C. L. FOX,C.A.S.). C.I.S.). Cottonwood Creek, White Mountains, Tuolumne Co.: Sonora Pass, 9,624 ft., 9, VII- 10,000 ft., 6,W-14-53 (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). 13-51 (S. M. Kappos, K.U.); same locality, 9,000- Discussion: 10,000 ft., 8, VII-16-51 (A. T. McClay, U.C.D.). This subspecies has been found in California Strawberry, 9, VI-29-51 (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). only in Mono County, but is widespread in Oregon Discuss ion: and eastward to the Rocky Mountains. It may This form is evidently a pale California sub- well occur in northern California. As explained species of abjecta. The population from the under alta, California specimens show an ap- White Mountains, Mono County, shows this espe- proach to aZta in their characters and might be cially well. Although it has ken placed in included in that subspecies except for the abjecta proper, specimens have much less black brownish black scopa of the females. hair, especially on the terga of both sexes, than do specimens from the Rocky Mountains (see Michener, 1954~). The placement of alta as a Anthocopa abjecta alta (Michener) subspecies of abjecta is supported by the fact that specimens of aZta from Lassen County, Osrnia alta Michener, 1936, Canad. Ent., 68:41, California, have abundant fuscous pubescence 9. Type 8, Garnet Lake, California, elevation between the metasomal fasciae. This pubescence 10,000 ft. (Univ. Kansas). is largely pale in most specimens from more Geographic range: California (see map 40). southern localities in California. In Oregon California records: typical abjecta occurs, and ranges thence to Eldorado Co.: Echo Lake, 7,400 ft., 9, VI- Wyoming and Colorado. The situation is com- 26-52 (W. W. Middlekauff, C.I.S.). hit. Tallac, $, plicated by two males from Mount Hood, Oregon, VII-22-31 (0. H. Swezey, U.C.R.). which appear to be alta. It is further complicated Inyo Co.: Argus Mountains, $, V-22-37 (E. C. by the record of alta from Pagosa Junction, Van Dyke, K.U.). Lone Pine Canyon, 9, VL-1340 Colorado (Michener, 1949~).Presumably these (I. McCracken, K.U.); same locality, 8,500 ft., Oregon and Colorado records of alta are based a,$, VI-11-37 (Michener, 1943:59, K.U.). Mountain on unusual specimens of the populations of Springs Canyon, Argus Mountains, 8, V-22-37 ubjecta proper from those regions or on local (C. D. Michener, K.U.). pale populations within the range of the generally Lassen Co.: Summit Camp, 2 4 VI-28-49 (R. dark abjecta proper. C. Bechtel, U.C.D.); 5 6, 9, same data (A. S. Deal, K.U., U.C.D.); 4 same data (F. Morishita, K.u.); 8, same data (c. I. Smith, c.I.s.); S; VII- Antboapa antbodyta mtkodyta Michener 9-49 (C. I. Smith, C.I.S.). (Pl. 19, fig. 71; pl. 20, fig. 83) Mono Co.: Leavitt Meadows, 9, VII-6-51 (A. T. McClay,U.C.D.);& VI-28-51 (J. W. MacSwain, Anthocopa (Atoposmiu) anthodyta Michener, 1943, C.I.S.). Mammoth Lakes, 6,VII-27-33 (G. E. and AM. Ent. SOC.Amer., 36:60, 3, 9. Type 9, R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.). Lone Pine Canyon, inyo County, 8,500 ft. Nevada Co.: Hobart Mills, 4 mi. N.W., 6, 8, (Calif. Acad. Sci.). VII-5-51 (E. I. Schlinger, U.C.D.). Truckee, 6, Geographic range: California, Idaho, Lower Cali- VII-5-27 (E. P. Van Duzee, C.A.S.). fornia, Oregon (an other subspecies , bequa e rt i 100 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Map 41. Distribution of Anthocopa anthodyta Michener, the subspecies anthodyta indicated by solid circles, and the subspecies bequaetti by open circles. THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 101

Michener, occurs in southern Arizona). (See A useful feature in recognizing the male of map 41.) anthodyta is the apical fringe of the fourth meta- California re cords : soma1 sternum which consists of quite long, Inyo Co.: Lone Pine Canyon, 8,500 ft., 4 6, white hairs. This character is shared with 7 9, VII-11-37 (Michener, 1943:61, K.U.). Mt. oregonu, but other species have the fringe made Whitney, 6, 9, VII-12-37 (Michener, 1943361, up of shorter reddish, fuscous, or black hairs. G.E. B. ). As suggested above, anthodyta is very close Lassen Co.: Bridge Creek Camp, 8, VII-9-49 to oregona. A. anthodyta is the larger and com- (J.W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). Summit Camp, 3 6, 9, moner of the two species. The males seem indis- VI-28-49 (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S., K.U.); 8, same tinguishable except by average size (anthodyta data (C. I. Smith, C.I.S.); 6, VII-9-49 (P. D. usually more than 7.5 mm. in length, oregona Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). usually under this size). The character of the Los Angeles Co.; Crystal Lake, 9, VI-29-50 third mandibular tooth (Michener, 1943) used to (W. C. Bentinck, K.U.); 9, same data (T. R. distinguish them previously is useless because Haig, C.I.S.); 2 9, same data (J. W. MacSwain, of its variability. The females of the two species c. I.S. ). differ likewise in average size, but differ con- Nevada Co.: Truckee, 9, VII-6-27 (E. P. Van spicuously only in the length of the scopa, that Duzee, K.U.). of oregonu being short, the longest hairs of the Riverside Co.: PiEon Flat, San Jacinto Moun- second metsomal sternum little longer than the tains, 9, V-18-39 (T. E. Laningham, C.I.S.). length of the sternum, that of anthodyta being Ribbonwood, San Jacinto Mountains, 9, V-21-40 about twice as long. (C. D. Michener, K.U.). Outside of California, anthodyta, s. str. is San Bernardino Co.: Big Bear Valley, &, 3 9, known from single localities in Idaho (Blooming- VII-6-34, flowers Penstemon palmeri (P. H. ton Lake), and Oregon (McKenzie Pass, 5,000 ft.). Timberlake, U.C.R.). Mill Creek, San Bernardino Mountains, 7 9, VI-20-36, 8, VI-6-37, 9 6, 6 9, Anthocopa oregona Michener VI-20-37, 9, VI-27-37, 6, 6 9, VI-26-38, 9, VIIE 30-40, 8, VII-2-44, 2 9, VI-14-47, 6, 9, VII-3-49, Anthocopa oregona Michener, 1%3, Ann. Ent. 9, VI-20-50, flowers Penstemon gn'nnellii (Mich- SOC.Amer., 36:53. Type 9, McKenzie Pass, ener, 1%3:61, K.U., U.C.R.). Snow Gest Camp, 5,000 ft., Oregon (Calif. Acad. Sci.). 9, VII-7-52 (R. M. Bohart, U.C.D.). Geographic range: California and Oregon (see Shasta Co.: Mt. Lassen, 7,500 ft., 8, MI-18-49 map 35). (E. L. Atkinson, C.I.S.). California records : Tuolumne Co.: Sonora Pass, 10,OOO-11,000 ft., Eldorado Co.: Fallen Leaf Lake, 9, VI-10-16, 6,VU-11-51 (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). 9, VI-26-16(A. C. Browne, C.A.S., K.U.). Ventura Co.: Frazier Park, 8, 2 9, V-18-40 Fresno Co.: Hart Lake, 10,500 ft., 9, IX-1-52 (R. M. Bohart, K.U., U.C.D., U.C.L.A.). (E. I. Schlinger, U.C.D.). Discussion: Inyo Co.: Mt. Whitney, 2 9, VI-12-37 (G.E.B., A. anthodyta superficially resembles A. ab- K.U.). jecta ah, differing in the usually paler scopa Mono Co.: Tioga Lake, 9, VII-15-51 (K. W. (pale yellowish in anthodyta, usually quite brown Tucker, K.U.). in ah)and the closer punctation of the disc of Plumas Co.: Bucks Lake, 6, VII-1-49 (J. W. the mesoscutum, the punctures being separated MacSwain, C.I.S.). by less than a puncture width. The much narrowed Sierra Co.: Gold Lake, 6 8, VII-13-21, 9, mandibles of the female are characteristic of VII-20-21 (C. L. FOX,C.A.S.). anthodyta and close relatives (pl. 19, fig. 71), Discussion: but differ from abjecta. In A. anthodytu the length As indicated in the discussion under antho- of the female mandible along its lower margin dyta, this species is very closely related to that is about four times its breadth at the narrowest form. Indeed, it is possible that oregona rep- point. This is also true of oregona, and the resents merely a more northern form of anthodyta, mandible of punamintensis is nearly as narrow. although the two occur in the same general areas Other species have the mandible of the female in the Sierra Nevada. less conspicuously narrowed, and its length It has been collected at Cloud Gap and Mt. little if any more than three times its breadth Hillman near Crater Lake, Oregon. The type is at the narrowest point. from McKenzie Pass, Oregon. 102 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Map 42. Distribution of Anfhocopa elongata (Michener). THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 103

Anthocopa elongata (Michener) straight rather than curved apically. In general, this feature distinguishes these species, but Osmia elongata Michener, 1936, Canad. Ent., 68: larger series now available show that it is un- 41, 9. Type 9, Bluff Lake, San Bernardino reliable. The fringe of the fourth metasomal Mountains, California (Univ. of Kansas). sternum of the male is neither so long nor so Geographic range: California, Colorado, Montana, white as in anthodyta, but is longer and paler and Washington (see map 42). than in most other Atoposmia. The tegulae in California re cords : both sexes are usually more coarsely punctured Alpine Co.: Hope Valley, 9,VII-9-48 (C. Chan, than in other Atoposmia. U.C.D.). A. elongata is known also from Colorado Inyo Co.: Bishop Creek (north fork), 8,500 (Science Lodge; Minnehaha; and Wilkerson Pass), ft., 2 9, VI-22-37, flowers Phacelia (Michener, Montana (Lake St. Marys, Glacier National Park), 1943:62). Glacier Lodge near Big Pine, & VI- and Washington (Sunrise, Mt. Rainier). 23-37 (Michener, 1943:62, C.A.S.). Whitney Portal, 4 9, VIII-6-48 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., and J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S., K.U.). Anthocopa panamintensis Michener Mariposa Co.: Paradise Valley, 2 9, VII-25-38 (Pi. 19, fig. 72; pl. 20, fig. 88) (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S., K.U.). Mono Co.: Mammoth, 9, VII-25-36 (Michener, Anthocopa ( Atopasmia) panamin tens is Miche ne r , 1943:62). 1343, Ann. Ent. SOC.Amer., 36:65, 8, 9. Type Nevada Co.: Truckee, d, VI-17-27 (Michener, 9, Tuber Canyon, Panamint Mountains, Inyo 1943:62, K.U.). County, Califarnia, 8,000 ft. (Calif. Acad. Sci.). San Bernardino Co.: Mill Creek, San Bernar- Geographic range: California (see map 43). din0 Mountains, 7,400 ft., 9, VI-29-42 (R. M. California records: Bohart, G.E.B.). Inyo Co.: Wild Rose Canyon, Panamint Moun- Shasta Co.: Lake Eiler, 3 mi. E., 9, VII-22-47 tains, 7,500 ft., 4 VI-18-37 (Michener, 1943:66). (T. F. Leigh, C.I.S.). Discuss ion: Sierra Co.: Gold Lake, 9, VII-13-21 (C. L. As indicated in the key to species, A. pana- Fox, K.U.). mintensis is abundantly distinct from other Tulare Co.: Alta Meadows, Giant Forest, Atopasmia, the clypeal margin of the female and 9,100 ft., 9, VII-19-23 (C. L. Fox, K.U.). White the third metsomal sternum of the male possess Chief, Mineralking, 8, VIII-1-23 (C. L. Fox, K.U.). especially conspicuous features. Tuolumne Co.: Pinecrest, 9, VII-7-52 (J. I. Stage, K.U.). Dis cussi on : Anthocopa triodonta (Cockerell) A. elongata is the smallest and most slender species in the subgenus, the male differing con- Osmia (Atoposmia) ttiodonta Cockerell, 1735, spicuously from all others by the clypeal margin, Pan-Pacific Ent., 11:50, 8, 9. the truncation of which is only about one and Anthocopa (Atoposmia) triodonta, Michener, 1943, one-half times as long as the distance from the Ann. Ent. SOC.Amer., 36:62, c?, 9. end of the truncation to the lateral angle of the Geographic range: California (see map 44). clypeus. Discussion: The female, except for its size, is very like This is a moderate-sized to large, finely punc- that of A. abjecta alta, from which it differs in tate species found largely in the Upper Sonoran the closer mesoscutal punctures which are mostly life zone. Its fine punctation (clypeus of female separated by less than a puncture width. In this as finely punctate as the frons, upper parts of characteristic, e longa ta resem ble s ant hodyt a, genal areas more finely punctate than middle of which differs by the narrower female mandibles vertex) places it near the group of pycnognutha and other characters. In a previous paper (Mich- and hebitis from which it differs by the black ener, 1743), the female is said to differ from A. hind tibial spurs and dark tegulae, and by the abjecta alia by having the inner hind tibial spur long and five-segmented maxillary palpi. ~ ~ ~~ ~ Map 44. Distribution of Anthocopa triodonta (Cockerell), subspecies shustensis indicated' by solid circles, the .sub- Map 43. Distribution of Anthocopa panamintensis Michener. species triodonta by half solid circles, and the subspecies usingeti by open circles. THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 105

Key to the Subspecies of Antbocopa tn'odonta Males

1. Metasoma with abundant fuscous or black pubescence ...... shastensis (p. 106) Metasoma with pubescence pale ...... 2 2(1). Punctures of upper parts of genal areas distinctly finer than those of middle of vertex ...... usingeri(p. 105) Punctures of upper parts of genal areas little if any finer than those of middle of vertex ...... triodonta (p. 106)

Females

1. Pubescence white to pale brown or pale fuscous; scopa yellowish white ...... 2 Clypeus and metasoma with abundant black pubescence; scopa brown, sometimes black posteriorly ...... shastensis(p. 106)

2(1). Punctures of upper parts of genal areas distinctly finer than those of middle of vertex ...... usingerz (p. 10 5) Punctures of upper parts of genal areas scarcely finer than those of middle of vertex ...... triodonta (p. 106)

Anthocopa triodoffta usingeri Michener Ribbonwood, San Jacinto Mountains, V-22-40, flowers Penstemon spectabilis (Michener, 1943: Anthocopa triodonta usingeri Michener, 1943, G3); 4 VI-20-39 (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.). Keen Ann. Ent. SOC. Amer., 36:63, 4 9. Type 6 Camp, San Jacinto Mountains, 4 V-31-39, flowers Santa Rosa Mountain, San Jacinto Mountains, Penstemon (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.); 9, VI-10-39, California, 5,800 ft., flowers Penstemon flowers Penstemon (B. Brookman, C.I.S.); 4 V- spectabilis (Cadif. Acad. Sci.). 31-39, flowers Penstemon (R. F. Smith, C.I.S.). Geographic range: California (see map 44). Hemet Reservoir, San Jacinto Mountains, 6, 9, California re cords: V-22-40, flowers Penstemon spectabilis (C. D. Kern Co.: Frazier Park, 6 V-18-40 (R. M. Michener, C.I.S.). Herkey Creek, San Jacinto Bohart, U.C.D.). Mountains, 9, VI-14-40, flowers Penstemon Los Angeles Co.: Cajon Valley, San Gabriel spectabilis (C. D. Michener, C.I.S.). San Jacinto Mountains, 9, VI-3-29 (Michener, 1943:63). L.one River, 4,000 ft., 9, V-30-40, flowers Penstemon Pine Canyon, 5,900 ft., 12 9, VI-16-28, flowers (C. D. Michener, C.I.S.). Idyllwild, 9, VI-4-39 Nama parryi and Penstemon spectabilis (Mich- (E. S. Ross, C.I.S.); 9, VII-26-36, flowers Pen- ener, 1943:63). Angeles Camp, q, VI-28-52 (R. stemon spectabilis (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); H. Beamer, K.U.). Big Pines Camp, 9, VII-13-27, 3 4 9, VI-9-40, flowers Penstemon spectabilis flowers Penstemon labrosus (P. H. Timberlake, (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 9, VI-17-40, C$ VI- U.C.R. ). Tanbark Flat, San Dimas Experimental 16-40, 8, VI-16-41 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.); 8, Forest, 2 9, VII-2-50 (A. T. McClay, U.C.D.). VI-19-51 (G. C. Bechtel, U.C.D.). PiZon Flat, Riverside Co.: Santa Rosa Mountain, 6,200 9, V-30-39 (B. Brookman, C.I.S.). Banning, 6 ft., V-31-40, flowers Nama parryi (Michener, VI-19-41 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.). San Jacinto 1%3:63); same data VE11-40, flowers Nama Mountains, 9, VI-20-33 (R. H. Beamer, K.U.). parryi (Michener, 1%3:63); same locality, 8,000 !An Diego C0.i Palm Canyon, Borego, 8, V- ft., 8, 3 9, VI-20-40 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.). 22-41 (R. C. Dickson, U.C.R.). Vandevanter Flat, San Jacinto Mountains, VI- 11-40, flowers Penstemon spectabilis (Michener, D is c us s i on : 1943:63); S, same data, VI-4-40, flowers Pen- The record from Mariposa County (Michener, stemon spectabilis (C. D. Michener, C.I.S.). 1951a) is an error. 106 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Antbocopa triodonta triodonta (Cockerell) finer punctation, especially of the mesoscutum. (PI. 19, fig. 75; pl. 20, fig. 86) Except for a small median area, less than one- third the width of the mesoscutum, the punctures Osmia (Atoposmia) triodonta Cockerell, 1935, are not coarser than those of the vertex; in the Pan-Pacific Ent., 11:50, 6, 9. Type & Mt. small median area they are coarser and more Diablo, California, about 3,800 ft., flowers widely separated. Penstemon heterophyllus (Timberlake c ollec- The name shastensis is here placed as a sub- tion, U.C.R.). species of triodonta for the first time, although Geographic range: California (see map 44). the possibility of this treatment has been sug California re cords: gested previously (Michener, 1943). Specimens Contra Costa Co.: Mt. Diablo, 9, VI-22-47 from Plumas and Tuolumne counties show con- (C.I.S.); 6, VI-14-33 (G. E. and R. M. Bohart, siderably less black than others and thus ap- G.E .B. ). proach tsiodonta. The darkest specimen available Inyo Co.: Argus Mountains, V-22-37 (W. C. comes from Leavitt Meadows, Mono County. It Reeves, U.C.R); & V-22-37 (E. C. Van Dyke, has black pubescence on the entire head (except C.A.S.); 9, VI-4-39 (R. M. Bohart, U.C.D.). Lone for pale hairs around the antennal bases) and Pine, 4 V-23-37 (E. C. Van Dyke, K.U.). Lone sides of thorax; the only pale metasomal fascia Pine Creek, 4,500 ft., 2 6, V-19-47 (R. M. Bohart, is on the first metasomal tergum, the rest of the U.C.D., K.U.). tergal pubescence being black. Even the meso- Placer Co.: Tahoe City, 3 6, VI-24-43 (P. H. scutum has many blackish hairs interspersed Amaud, U. C. R.). amodg paler ones. A single female from Cloud Gap, Coopers Spur, Mt. Hood, 6,000 ft., August, 1927 (H. A. Scullen), is the only record of Anthocopd triodonta shastensis (Cockerell) shastensis for Oregon.

Osmia shastensis Cockerell, 1935, Pan-Pacific Ent., 11:46, Type Shasta County, Cali- 9. 9, Anthocopa pycnognatha Michener fornia (Timberlake collection, U.C.R.). Geographic range: California, Oregon (see map 44). Anthocopa (Atoposmia) pycnognatha Michener, California records: Ann. Ent. SOC.Amer., 3664, 3, 9. Mono Co.: Leavitt Meadows, 9, VI-25-37 (G. Geographic range: California (see map 45). E. and R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.). Discussion: Plumas Co.: Lake Almanor, v, W-22-37 This large species differs from all other (Michener, 174364). Quincy, 4 mi. W., 2 9, VII- Atoposmia in the short, foursegmented maxillary 2-49 (H. A. Hunt, K.U., U.C.D.). palpi. Useful recognition characters, shared also Shasta Co.: Summit Lake, Mt. Lassen, 6,700 with hebitis, are the ferruginous rather than ft., 2 4 VI-21 to 22-37 (Michener, 1943:64, K.U., blackish tibial spurs and tegulae. In its large U.C.R.). Burney, 5 mi. E., 6, VI-3-41 (P. D. size and fine punctation (upper parts of genal Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). areas more finely punctate than middle of vertex, Trinity Co.: Carrville, 2,400 to 2,500 ft., 4 clypeus of female no more coarsely punctate VI-31-34 (Michener, 1943:64). than frons, mesoscutum little more coarsely Tuolumne Co.: Strawberry, 9, VI-20-51 (J. W. punctate than vertex), this species and hebitis MacSwain, C.I.S.). resemble ttiodonta. A. pycnognatha differs from Discuss ion: hebitis by the coarser punctation with small Specimens of shastensis, because of their shining interspaces between the punctures as abundant black pubescence, are superficially well as by other characters indicated in the similar to A. abjecta abjecta. They differ by the discussion of that species. THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 107

Key to the Subspecies of Anthocopa pycnognatha Males 1. Length 8 to 9 mm.; genal areas more finely punctate ...... pycnognatha(p. 107) Length 7.5 to 8 mm.; genal areas more coarsely punctate ...... solata(p. 107)

Females

1. Anterior ocellus about midway between antennal bases and posterior margin of vertex ...... pycnognatha (p. 107) Anterior ocellus behind midpoint between antennal bases and posterior margin of vertex ...... solata(p. 107)

Anthocopa pycnognatha pymogniztha Michener Geographic range: California (see map 46). California records : Anthocopa (Atoposmia) pycnognatha Michener, Fresno Co.: Huntington Lake, 4 VIII-1917 (I. 1943, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 36:64, (T, 9. Type McCracken, C.A.S.). y, Oak Creek Canyon, near Independence, Inyo Discussion: County, California, flowers Penstemon brevi This species is related to A. pycnognatha florus (Calif. Acad. Sci.). with which it agrees in the short maxillary palpi Geographic range: California (see map 45). (although a minute fifth segment is present in California records: hebitis) and in the ferruginous tegulae and tibial Inyo Co.: Independence, 6, 9, VI-11-37, spurs. It differs from pycnognatha and from all flowers Penstemon brevi/lorus (Michener, 1943: other Atoposmia in the exceedingly fine and 65); 9, VII-11-37 (U.C.D.). close punctation of the face, vertex, and dorsum of the thorax, there being no interspaces between punctures. It also differs from all other Atoposmia Anthocopa pycnognatha solata Michener in the hind basitarsi. In the female they are finely and closely punctured, dull, and almost Anthocopa (Atoposmia) pycnognatha solatus 2.3 times as long as broad. In the male they are Michener, 1949, Jour. Kans. Ent. SOC., 22:48, somewhat less dull, 2.5 times as long as broad. J,q. ~ype8, The Gavilan, California, flowers In all other species the hind basitarsi are shin- of Pens t e nzon ant irrh in oides (Timber lake ing, rather coarsely punctured, and comparable collection ). ratios are 2.7 to 3.0 for females, 3.0 to 4.0 for Geographic range: California (see map 45). males. In the male of hebitis the lateral margins California records : of the sixth metasomal tergum are relatively Mariposa Co.: Mariposa, 9, VI-13-38 (R. M. straight, not convex as in pycnognatha. Bohart, K.U.); 6, same data (R. W. Lichty, K.U.). Riverside Co.: Perris, 1% mi. W., 2 9, V-4-38, one on flowers of Salvia columbariae (Michener, 1949:48). Corona, 9,VI-1911 (K.U.). The Gavilan, Subgenus Erenzosnzia Michener 9, V-12-51 (E. I. Schlinger, U.C.D.); 8, V-23-46, flowers Penstemon antirrhinoides (Michener, 194948, U.C. R.1. This subgenus consists primarily of desert bees, only one species, A. hemizoniae, occurring in the coastal parts of California. Anthocopa hebitis Michener Phaeosmia is here placed as a synonym of Esemosmia. Among the species available when Anthocopa hebitis Michener, 1954, Pan-Pacific the genus Anthocopa was revised (Michener, Ent., 30~44, c3, ?. Type ?-, Mineralking, 1943), the separation of the two groups on the Tulare County, California (Calif. Acad. Sci.). basis of the number of mandibular teeth in the \ \ Map 45. Distribution of Anthocopa pymognatha Michener, Map 46. Distribution of Anthocopa hebitis Michener. the subspecies p ymognatha indicated by open circles, and the subspecies solata by solid circles. THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 109 male seemed sound. Correlated with this char- (Cockerell), segregata Michener, timberlakei acter were several others, including the width of (Cockerell) the mandible of the female. It is now obvious b. Mandibles more robust, those of male that the principal male character is more decep bidentate: hypostomalis Michener tive than valuable in indicating relationships. c. Mandibles robust, those of male bidentate; Thus A. hypostomalis is clearly rather closely clypeus carinate: daleae Michener related to A. robusta and A. segregata, as shown Group 11. Rather large forms using pollen of by a number of characters. Yet hypostomalis Compositae; sixth metasomal tergum of female would fall in Phaeosmia because of bidentate with subapical fascia hiding small flange; male mandibles, whereas the others would fall mandibles of male bidentate, except in miri- in Eremosrnia because of tridentate male man- fica, in which they are tridentate: anodontura dible s. (Cockerell), enceliae (Cockerell), hemizoniae The species in the subgenus Eremosmia (s.1.) (Cockerell), mirifica Michener, viguierae may be grouped as follows: (Cockerell) Group I. Moderate-size forms not using pollen Group 111. Small forms not using pollen of Com- of Compositae; sixth metasomal tergum of positae; sixth tergum of female with very female without fascia and with flange rather conspicuous flange, no fascia; mandibles of small and not strongly projecting. male bidentate: hurdiana Michener, maryae a. Mandibles long and slender, those of male Michener, namatophila Michener, rubrella tridentate: beameri Michener, nitidiuitta Michener Michener, robustula (Cockerell 1, rupes tris

Key to the California Species of Eremosmia

Mandibles tridentate (as in pl. 20, fig. 84) ...... 2 Mandibles bidentate (as in pl. 20, fig. 89) ...... 5 Eyes diverging below; mandibles slender, lower margin at least two-thirds as long as eye 3 Eyes converging below; mandibles robust, lower margin half as long as eye . mirifzca(p. 117) Penultimate antennal segment broader than long; mandibles with apices of teeth nearly equidistant ...... 4 Penultimate antennal segment longer than broad; mandibles with distance between apices of first two teeth nearly twice distance between apices of second and third teeth ...... robustula (p. 112) Femora red; punctures of cheeks and mesepisternum about equally coarse ...... nztidiuitta (p. 112) Femora black; punctures of cheeks much finer than those of mesepisternum ...... rupestris (p. 112) Metasoma largely red; second and third metasomal sterna subequal in size, their posterior margins gently rounded ...... 9 Metasoma black; second metasomal sternum much larger than third, margin of latter with broad deep emargination ...... 6 Mandibles narrowed apically so that breadth at apex of inner tooth is markedly less than breadth a short distance basad of that point (fig. 89) ...... enceliae (p. 117) Mandibles not narrowed apically, breadth at apex of inner tooth but little less than breadth basad of that point ...... 7 Sixth metasomal tergum with a sublateral emargination on each side setting off a lateral apical lobe; seventh tergwproduced to blunt median apical angle ...... 8 Sixth metasomal tergum with no lateral lobes or emarginations; seventh tergum broadly emarginate apically ...... hypostomalis (p. 115) 110 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

8(7). Pubescence of dorsum ochraceous; punctures of median area of mesoscutum little if any larger than largest punctures of vertex ...... hemizoniae (p. 121) Pubescence of dorsum white and pale fuscous; punctures of median area of mesoscutum distinctly larger than largest punctures of vertex ...... uiguiet.ae(p. 119) 9(5). Inner margins of eyes subparallel...... rubrella (P. 121) Inner margins of eyes converging below...... hutdiana (p. 123)

Females

1. Metasoma black or largely so ...... 2 Metasoma red ...... 12 2(1). Femora red...... 3 Femora black ...... 4 3(2). Metasoma largely covered with appressed white pubescence; clypeus without a longitudinal median impunctate area ...... timbetlakei (p. 112) Metasoma with white pubescence primarily confined to posterior margins of terga; clypeus with longitudinal median impunctate band ...... nitidiuitta (p. 112) 42). E.yes slightly diverging below, or inner margins parallel ...... 5 Eyes converging below ...... 7 5(4). Hypostomal region of usual shape so that longitudinal parts of hypostomal carinae are longer than transverse parts; hypostomal carinae low; median ocellus farther from antennal bases than fromposterior edge of vertex...... 6 Hypostomal region short so that longitudinal parts of hypostomal carinae are no longer than transverse parts, these carinae elevated posteriorly; median ocellus midway between antennal bases and posterior edge of vertex ...... hypostomalis (p. 115) 6(5). Upper part of clypeus markedly more coarsely punctate than rest of head; inner subapical swelling of mandible low and rounded (pl. 17, fig. 76) ...... segregata (p. 115) Upper part of clypeus no more coarsely punctate than vertex; inner subapical swelling of mandible truncated apically (pl. 19. fig. 74)...... robustula(p. 112) 7(4). Apical margins of metasomal terga broadly translucent brown, sparsely punctate or impunctate; clypeal truncation margined with red; sixth tergum without apical band of hairs ... 8 Apical margins of terga not or narrowly brown, not translucent, densely punctured to apices or only very narrowly impunctate; clypeal truncation black; sixth metasomal tergum with apical white hairs dense, forming an apical band ...... 9 8(7). Length less than 5 mm.; distance between posterior ocelli much greater than distance from one of them to posterior edge of vertex ...... numatophila (p. 121) Length more than 6 mm.; distance between posterior ocelli equal to or less than distance from one of them to posterior edge of vertex ...... t@esttis (p. 112) 9(7). Mandibles robust, le?gth along lower margin little if any more than three times shortest breadth; clypeus usually without indications of a longitudinal impunctate space. .. 10 Mandibles narrowed medially so that length along lower margin is nearly or quite four times as long as shortest breadth; upper part of clypeus with punctures well separated and often with at least indications of a shining longitudinal impunctate space (pl. 19, figs. 78, 81) ...... enceliae (p. 117) lO(7). Tegulae black or fuscous, sometimes reddish posteriorly; clypeal truncation about as long as distance from its end to lateral angle of clypeus; ends of truncation broadly rounded . 11 Tegulae red; clypeal truncation about two-thirds as long as distance from its end to lateral angle of clypeus; ends of truncation marked by distinct, although narrowly rounded angles ...... mitifica(p. 117) P 112 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

ll(10). Apex of clypeus gently concave between broad rounded lobes which form the ends of truncation; scopa yellowish white...... hemizoniae (p. 121) Apex of clypeus not or very slightly emarginate; scopa usually brownish yellow ...... viguierae (p. 119) 12(1). Truncation of clypeus with a pair of median projecting lobes, so that in conjunction with projecting ends of truncation clypeus appears four-lobed ...... rubrella(p. 121) Truncation of clypeus simple ...... hurdiana (p. 123)

Anthocopa timberlakei (Cockerell) Ent., 11:47, 9. Type 8, Big Rock Creek, California, flowers Phacelia distans (Timber- Osmia timberlakei Cockerell, 1935, Pan-Pacific lake collection, U.C.R.). Ent., 11:41, 9. Type q, opposite sand dunes, Geographic range: California (see map 49). road to Palm Springs, California, on flowers California records: PalaJav zu linearis (Timberlake collection, Inyo Co.: Mazourka Gnyon, Inyo Mountains, U.C.R.). 9,500 ft., 3 6, VI-1-37 (Michener, 1943:73). Geographic range: California (see map 47). Riverside Co.: Tahquitz Canyon, near Palm Ca lif ornia records : Springs, 4 111-24-36, flowers Larrea glutinosa Riverside Co.: Edom, 9, 111-28-36, flowers (Michener, 194373); 9, IV-16-38 (C.I.S.). Mecca, Astragalus (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). 10 mi. E., 9, IV-14-35 (Michener, 1943:73). San Bernardino Co.: Adelanto, IV-25-37, flowers Andreas Canyon near Palm Springs, 9, IV-10-36, As traga 1us /re mont ii (Mic hener , 1943: 7 0). flowers Eriodictyon trichocalyx (Michener, 1943 : Discussion: 73);'9, IV-7-40 (R. M. Bohart, U.C.L.A.). Palm This species and A. nitidivitta are our only Springs, q, 111-25-37 (G. E. and R. M. Bohart, Anthocopa in which the body is black and the G.E.B.). femora red. They are readily separated by the San Bernardino Co.: Twentynine Palms, 7% characters given in the key. mi. S., 2 9, V-7-48, flowers Phacelia distans and Nama demissum (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Adelanto, 10 mi. S., 9, V-3-37 (P. H. Timberlake, Anthocopa nitidivitta Michener U. C. R. ). (Pl. 17, fig. 82; pl. 20, fig. 85) Discussion: Both sexes in this species are readily recog- Anthocopa (Eremosmia) nitidivitta Michener, nized by the almost entirely red mandibles and 1943, Ann. Ent. SOC.Amer., 36:70, 6,9. Type tegulae, reddish apices of the femora, bases and $, six miles north of Wild Rose Canyon, apices of the tibiae, and hind basitarsi. The Panamint Mountains, Inyo County, California, clypeal margin is red in the female. The lower 5,000 feet elevation, flowers Pbucefia (Calif. margin of the mandible of the female is more Acad. Sci.). than four times as long as the least breadth, of Geographic range: California (see map 48). the male about six times. The inner orbits of the California re cords : female converge below, but in the male they Inyo Co.: Westgard Pass, west side, 2 4 9, diverge strongly as in A. nitidiuitta, a species V-27-37, flowers Dalea fremontii (Michener, 1943: with red femora. They are slightly divergent in 71). Kearsarge, 9, V-25-37 (Michener, 1743:71). males of robustula and hypostomalis. Wild Rose Canyon, Panamint Mountains, 7,000 ft., 2, 9, V-27-37 (Michener, 1943:71). San Bernardino Co.: Adelanto, 9 mi. N., 2 8, Anthocopa mbustula (Cockerell) IV-2 5-37, flowers As traga lus lremont ii (Mic hener, (PI. 17, fig. 74; pl. 20, fig. 84) 1743:71). Osmia robus tula Cockere 11, 1935, Pan-Pa cific Ent., 11:44, 9. Type 9, north of Indio, Cali- Anthocopa rupesttis (Cockerell) fornia, flowers Lupinus odoratus (Timberlake (Pl. 19, fig. 79; pl. 20, fig. 90) collection, U.C.R.). Geographic range: California, Nevada (see map Osmia rupestris Cockerell, 1935, Pan-Pacific 50). I

THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 115

California re cords: Anthocopa segregata Michener Inyo Co.: Big Pine, IV-837, flowers Dalea (PI. 19, fig. 76) polyadenia (Michener, 1943:72); 6, 3 $, VI-8-37 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.); 9, VI-23-37 (E. C. Van Anthocopa segregata Michener, 1954, Pan-Pacific Dyke, C.A.S.). Kearsarge (near), 2 9, V-25-37 Ent., 30:48, $. Type 9, Mazourka Canyon, (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.). Lone Pine, VI-15-37, Inyo Mountains, Inyo County, California (Univ. flowers Dalea polyadenia (Michener, 1943:72); of Kan sa s). S, VI-4-37 (G.E.B.); 2 9, VI-9-37 (C.I.S.); 3 S, Geographic range: California (see map 51). 9, same data (W. C. Reeves, U.C.R.); 9, VI-12- California records: 37 (G.E.B.); 9, VI-13-37 (W. C. Reeves, U.C.R.); Inyo Co.: Kearsarge, 9, V-25-37 (E. C. Van 5 6 2 9, same data (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.); Dyke, C.A.S.). & same data (U.S.A.C.). Westgard Pass, 2 9, Discussion : V-27-37, flowers Dalea fremontii (C. D. Michener, This species, known from but two specimens, K.U.). Mazourka Canyon, Inyo Mountains, 2 9, is close to robustula, agreeing with it in reddish V-25-37, flowers Dalea fremontii (C. D. Michener, tegulae, diverging inner orbits, and so on, but K.U.). differing h the more coarsely punctate upper Riverside Co.: Cathedral City, IV-10-36, part of the clypeus and the gently rounded rather flowers Dalea schottii (Michener, 1943:72); 9, than angulate subapical inner swelling of the V-1936, flowers Dalea schottii (w. p. Cockerell, mandible. C.A.S.). Whitewater Canyon, 2 $, IV-26-36, flowers Dalea ca lilornica (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). La Quinta, 2 9, IV-24-38, flowers Anthocopa hypostomalis Michener Cercidium floridurn (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Edom, 2 4 9, 111-28-36, 'flowers Palafoxiu Anthocopa (Phaeosmia) bypostoma Lis Michener, linearis (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 4 V-28-36, 1349, Jour. Kansas Ent. SOC., 22:50, $. Type flowers Astragalus (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 9, Cabazon, Riverside County, California $, IV-17-37 (E. G. Linsley, U.C.R.). Edam, 4 (Calif. Acad. Sci.). mi. E., 9, IV-17-37, flowers DaLea schottii(P. H. Geographic range: California (see map 52)- Timberlake, U.C.R.). Edom, 4% mi. N.W., IV-10- California records: 37, Astragalus coulteti(P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Inyo Co.: Kearsarge (near), V-25-37 (Michener, San Bernardino Co.: Victorville, 3 mi. S., c?, 1743:72) as robustula. Surprise Canyon, Panamint 8 9, V-12-37, flowers Dalea saundersii (P. H. Mountains, c?, IV-28-53, flowers Dalea frernontii Timberlake, U.C.R.). (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C1.S.). Westgard Pass, 9, V- San Diego Co.: Borego Springs, 8, IV-8-47 27-37, flowers Dalea frernontii (C. D. Michener, (R. M. Bohart, U.C.D.). K.U.); same locality, 7 mi. W., 2 9, VI-26-53, Discussion: flowers Dalea (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). This is one of the commoner Erernosmia in Riverside Co.: Box Canyon, 9, IV-26-52 (G. the deserts of southern California. The inner A. Marsh, K.U.); 9, same data (P. D. Hurd, Jr., orbits diverge slightly in the male, very slightly C.I.S.). Eagle Mountains, 9, V-15-41 (K.U.). or not at all in the female. The tegulae are Indio, 20 mi. E., 4 IV-1-41 (K.U.). Palm Desert, largely red, but otherwise this species lacks 9, IV-11-50 (W. F. Barr, C.I.S.); 7 9, IV-11-50 the reddish areas characterizing the three pre- (Michener, 1951:52, C.I.S.); 5 9, IV-11-50 (L. W. ceding species. The punctation is finer than that Quate, K.U., U.C.R.); 9, IV-12-50 (P. D. Hurd, of the similar hypostomalis and segregata, espe- Jr., K.U.). Palm Springs, 4 111-3045, flowers cially that of the clypeus, as indidated in the Cryptantha barbigera (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). key. San Diego Co.: Borego, 8, IV-8-39 (R. M. A. robustula has been collected on two Bohart, G.E.B.). The Narrows, Sentenac Canyon, occasions in Nevada, a female from near Arden, IV-22-51 (E. J. Taylor, U.C.D.). June 6, 1941 (E. P. Van Duzee) and a female Discussion: from twenty-two miles south of Las Vegas, April In form, in the reddish color of the tegulae, 3, 1953 (J. W. MacSwain). in the punctation, and in most structural features Map 54. Distribution of Anthocopa enceliae (Cockerell), the subspecies enceliae indicated by open circles, and the

....L.-,..,;,..- --..,,,.Il... -,.1;,a ,-;*,-l-" THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 117 this species seems closely related to robustula the female by the short clypeal truncation, as and segregata, particularly the latter. It is unique indicated in the key. The male has not been among American Anthocopa, however, in the collected with the female. Therefore some doubt short broad hypostomal areas, with the transverse must remain about the association of the sexes, parts of the hypostomal carinae as long as the but it seems very probably correct. The male is longitudinal parts, the posterior parts of these unique among our Eremosmia in having the man- carinae elevated in both sexes. Another unusual dibles tridentate (fig. 87) but short, only about feature is that in both sexes the distance be- half as long as the eye, as in species with tween the posterior ocelli is far less than that bidenta te mandibles. from one of them to the posterior edge of the The females placed under A. mortua by Mich- vertex. The male differs markedly from that of ener in 1943 are mirijica. robustula (that of segregata is unknown) in having bidentate mandibles. Anthocopa enceliae (Cockerell)

Anthocopa mirilica Michener Osmia enceliae Cockerell, 1935, Pan-Pacific (Pl. 20, fig. 87) Ent., 11:43, 9. Type 9, Andreas Canyon, Palm Springs, California, flowers Encelia Anthocopa mirijica Michener, 1954, Pan-Pacific /arin os a (P. H . Timber lake colle ct ion, U. C. R. ). Ent., 30:5l, 8, 9. Type 9, Mazourka Canyon, Geographic range: California (see map 54). Inyo Mountains, Inyo County, California Discuss ion: (Univ. of Kansas). This species differs from others of its group Geographic range: California (see map 53). in the slender mandibles of the female, which California re cords: are narrowed medially so that the width at the Inyo Co.: Darwin Falls (near), Argus Moun- narrowest point is about one-fourth the length tains, q, V-30-37 (C. D. Michener, K.U.). Surprise along the lower margin. Another distinctive fea- Canyon, Panamint Mountains, $8, IV-28 and 29-53, ture is the clypeus of the female, which is dis- flowers Chaenactis bmchypappa (P. D. Hurd, tinctly convex above (and coarsely punctate); Jr., and P. H. Timberlake, C.I.S. and U.C.R.). the lower thud, or slightly less, is flat and Westgard Pass, 9, VI-15-37, flowers Encelia projecting at an angle to the lower part of the farinosa (C. D. Michener, K.U.); same locality, convex part. 7 mi. W., 18 9, VI-26-53, some on Encelia farinosa In addition to the characters mentioned in the (D. D. Linsdale, J. W. MacSwain, N. Nakakihara, key, the male differs from similar forms such as C.I.S.). viguierae by the scarcely discernible sublateral Riverside Co.: Box Canyon, 9, IV-21-52, emarginations of the sixth metasomal tergum and flowers Chaenactis carphoclinia (P. H. Timber- by the coarser punctation of the middle of this lake, U.C.R.). tergum. In viguierae and hemizoniae the median Discus s ion: part of this tergum is very much more finely This species can be promptly recognized in punctate than the lateral parts.

Key to the Subspecies of Antbocopa enceliae Females

1. Mandibles at narrowest point more than one-fourth as wide as length along lower margin; upper part of clypeus uniformly punctate...... enceliae (p. 119) Mandibles at narrowest point less than one-fourth as wide as length along lower margin; upper part of clypeus usually with small median impunctate space or line . morlua(p. 117) P THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 119

Rnthocopa enceliae enceliae (Cockerell) (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.); same locality, 7 mi. (Pl. 19, fig. 81; pl. 20, fig. 89) W., ?,VI-26-53, flowers Encelia (J. W. MacSwain, c. I. s. ). Osmia enceliae Cockerell, 193 5, Pan-Pacific Ent. San Bernardino Co.: Needles, 9, IV-3-51 (J. 11:43, 9, 6. Type 8, Andreas Canyon, Palm W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). Springs , California, flowers Encelia farinosa Discussion: (Timberlake collection, U. C. R.). This subspecies is highly variable in size, Synonymy: See Michener, 1943, Ann. Ent. SOC. ranging from 6 to 9 mm. in length even at a Amer., 36:80 (9,not 8). single locality. The subspecific characters in- Geographic range: California (see map 54). dicated in the above key are most evident in California records: specimens from Arizona and Nevada. Riverside Co.: Andreas Canyon near Palm The female placed with mortua by Michener Springs, 9, IV-10-36, flowers Enceliu furinasu (1943) does not belong there, but is a different (Michener, 1943:80, K.U.); 9, IV-7-40 (R. M. species, recently described as mirijica. The Bohart, U.C.L.A.). Palm Canyon, 2 4 IV-15-38, association of sexes made in 1p63 was based flowers Encelia larinosa (G. E. and R. M. Bohart, on a pair of specimens from Mazourka Canyon. G.E.B., K.U.). The male was mortua, the female is now called San Diego Co.: Borego, ~3, IV-5-40 (R. M. mirifica. The proper association of sexes of Bohart, U.C.L.A.); same locality, Tub Canyon, mortua is indicated by series from Arizona $!, 11-28-47 (G. H. and J. L. Sperry, K.U.). (twenty and twenty-five miles west of Casa Discussion: Grande, and Maricopa Mountains) and Nevada This form is rather uniform in size, 7 to 8 (six and twenty-two miles south of Las Vegas). mm. in length. The male associated with it by Michener (1943:80) is apparently the male of viguierue as Cockerell believed when he described the Anthocopa uiguierue (Cockerell) species. The females of both, but only males of one, are known from the type locality. The as- Osmiu uiguierue Cockerell, 1935, Pan-Pacific sociation of the sexes of the subspecies mortua Ent., 11:44, 9. Type 9, Andreas Canyon, is clear, however, and indicates that the males Palm Springs, California, flowers Viguiera from Andreas Canyon belong to uiguieme. TWO purisbii (Timberlake collection, U.C.R.). males of enceliae have recently been studied Synonymy: See Anthocopu enceliae, Michener, from nearby Palm Canyon. 1943, Ann. Ent. SOC.Amer., 36:80 (3,not 9). Geographic range: California (see map 55). California re cords: Anthocopu enceliue mortua (Cockerell) Imperial Co.: Beals Well, 9, IV-13-49, flowers (PI. 19, fig. 78) Hyptis emoryi (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Inyo Co.: Surprise Canyon, Panamint Moun- Osmia uiguierae, var. mortua Cockerell, 1935, tains, $? 9, IV-29-53, flowers Enceliopsis Pan-Pacific Ent., 11:44, 6. Type & Townsend argophylla, var. grandiflora (G. A. Marsh, C.I.S.). Pass (or Emigrant Pass?) 3,000 ft. altitude, Wild Rose Canyon, Panamint Mountains, 3,500 Death Valley, Inyo County, California, flowers ft., & 9, V-28-37 (C. D. Michener, K.U.). Encelia uctoni(Timber1ake collection, U. C.R.). Riverside Co.: Andreas Canyon near Palm Synonymy: An thocopa mallognatha Michener, 1943, Springs, 3, 111-2-34, flowers Viguiera parishii Ann. Ent. SOC.Amer., 36:67, 9 (new synonym). (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 3, IV-10-36, flowers Geographic range: Arizona, California, and Nevada Encelia farinosa (C. D. Michener, K.U.); 3, IV- (see map 54). 11-36, same flower (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); California re cords: s, IV-7-40 (M. R. and R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.). Inyo Co.: Lone Pine, 7 mi. W., 9, VI-2-37 Lost Palms Canyon, 3 4 IV-21-37 (C. M. Dam- (C. D. Michener). Mazourka Canyon, Inyo Moun- mers, U.C.R.). Palm Canyon, & IV-16-38 (K.U.). tains, 6, V-25-37 (N. W. Frazier, K.U.). Westgard Palm Springs, 2 6 111-30-45, 9, IV-4-45, 6, 2 9, Pass, 9, VI-15-37 (A. E. Meier, C.I.S.); 9, VI- IV-5-45, 8, IV-20-45, S, V-30-45, 9, 111-27-46, 2-37 (N. W. Frazier, G.E.B.); same locality, west all on flowers Enceliu farinosa (T. D. A. Cock- side, VI-3-37, flowers Encelia larinosa (Michener, erell, K.U., U.C.R.). Tahquitz Canyon, San 1943:79); same locality, plateau, 2 9, VI-3-37 Jacinto Mountains, 2 4 9, IV-16-38, flowers Map 57. Distribution of Anthocopa narnatophila Michener. Map 58. Distribution of Anthocopa hurdiana Michener. THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 121

Encelia farinosa (G. E. and R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.); Antbowpa namatopbila Michener $!, IV-16-38 (U.C.D.); S, IV-1638 (U.C.L.A.). (Pl. 1 9, fig. 73) San Bernardino Co.: Twentynine Palms, 14 Anthocopa numatophila Michener, 1954, Pan- mi. S., 9, IV-14-35, flowers Encelia farinosa Pacific Ent., 3047, Type seven and (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). s! 9, one-half miles south of Twentynine Palms, San Diego Borego, c3, IV-21-51 (C. D. Co.: California, on Nama demissum (Timberlake MacNeill, C.I.S.). collection, U. C. R. ). Dis cussion : Geographic range: California (see map 57). The discussions under the headings of A. Discussion: enceliae and A. enceliae enceliae contain infor- This is our smallest black Eremosmia, being mation about uiguierae, males of which have been about the same size as the forms with a red sometimes placed with enceliae in the past. abdomen, rubrella and hurdiana. It is known only from the type series of four females,all collected at the type locality. Anthocopa hemizoniae (Cockerell) Antbocopa rubella Michenet Osmia hemizoniae Cockerell, 1935, Pan-Pacific (Pl. 19, fig. 80) Ent., 11:47, 9. Type 9, Riverside, California, flowers Hemizonia paniculata (Timberlake Anthocopa rubrella Michener, 1949, Jour. Kansas collection, U.C.R.). Ent. SOC., 22:5l, 9, 6. Geographic range: California (see map 56). Geographic range: California, Mexico, Nevada, California records: and Texas (see map 59). Los Angeles Co.: Santa Monica, 5 8, VI-26-35 Discussion: (Michener, 1943:79, C.I.S., K.U., U.C.R.). West- This species differs from our other species wood, $!, VII-4-35 (E. G. Linsley, U.C.R.). of Anthocopa, except hrctdiana, in the largely red Riverside Co.: The Gavilan, 4 VI-%SO, abdomen.It is unique among Eremosmid in having flowers Heliantbus gracilentus (P. H. Timberlake, the clypeal truncation modified, being provided U.C.R.). with two small median lobes with a notch between Discuss ion: them. A. rubrella is divisible into three sub- This is the only species of Eremosmia found species, two of which occur in California. The outside of the desert area. It is a close relative nominate subspecies is known from western of A. uiguierae, differing from it principally by Texas (Cooper’s Store, Big Bend National Park, its larger size, yellowish pubescence, and other Dryden; Marathon; and Sanderson). A single male minor characters mentioned in the key. from San Carlos Bay, Lower California, is probably rubrella proper.

Key to the California Subspecies of Antbocopa rubrella

1. Mandibles except bases and apices, clypeal margin and tegulae red in both sexes...... rubrior(p. 123) Mandibles except bases and apices, clypeal margin, and tegulae black, or largely so ...... macswaini (p. 121)

Antbocopa rubrella macswaini Michener California re cords: San Bernardino Co.: Baker, 2 mi. S., 9 4 9, Anthocopa rubrella mcswaini Michener, 1954, IV-4-53 (Michener, 1954:46, C.I.S., K.U.). Vidal Pan-Pacific Ent., 30:45, 8, 9. Type $!, 2 Jct., 7 mi. N.,6, IV-3-51 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). miles south of Baker, San Bemardino County, Discus s ion: California (Univ. of Kansas). This subspecies is very similar to the typical Geographic range: California and Nevada (see rubrella from Texas and Mexico. It differs suik- map 59). ingly in coloration and slightly in structure from 122 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 123 the other California subspecies, rubrior. These the denser and whiter pubescence, and in the two forms have not been taken together, but broader median lobes of the clypeal margin. they do occur in the same general region. It is therefore possible that rubrior represents a distinct species. The subspecies macswaini is Anthocopa hurdiana Michener known from Nevada (22 mi. S., Las Vegas) by a single male collected on April 3, 1953, by J. W. Anthocopa hurdiana Michener, 1954, Pan-Pacific Ma cSwa in. Ent., 30~47,& 9. Type 9, Surprise Canyon, Inyo County, California, on flowers Dalea frernontii (Univ. of Kansas). Geographic range: California (see map 58). Anthocopa rubrella rubrior Michener California records: Inyo Co.: Surprise Canyon, Panamint Moun- Anthocopa rubrella rubriot Michener, 1954, Pan- tains, 8, 9, IV-28-52, flowers Dalea frernontii Pacific Ent., 30:46, 8, 9. Type ?, Hopkins (Michener, 1954:47, C.I.S., K.U.). Well, Riverside County, California (Univ. of Discussion: Kansas ). This species is superficially very like A. Geographic range: California (see map 59). rubrella macswaini. The striking differences are California re cords : those mentioned in the keys, although other minor Riverside Co.: Blythe, 18 mi. W., 9, IV-30-52, differences exist. flowers DuIea mollis (Michener, 1954:46, U.C.R.). Hopkins Well, 2 c?, IV-29-52 (Michener, 1954:46, C.I.S., K.U.). Indio, 24 mi. S., 9, 111-25-33, Subgenus Hexosmia Michener flowers Dalea mollis (Michener, 1954:46, U.C.R.). San Diego Co.: Anza State Park, 9, IV-23-41 This subgenus differs from all our other Antho- (Michener, 1954:46, U.C.D.). Borego, 9, V-2-52 copa in the weak greenish luster and in the (Michener, 1954:46, C.I.S.). complete invagination of the seventh metasomal Discussion: tergum of the male, so that but six terga are This subspecies differs from typical rubrella exposed. The species are similar in appearance, and from macswaini not only in the characters rather small (6 to 8 mm. in length). Both species mentioned in the key but in the greater amount occur in California, one of them ranging east- of red coloration on other parts of the body, in ward tQ Colorado.

Key to the Species of Hexosmia

1. Distance between first and second mandibular teeth of female distinctly greater than that between second and third; maxillary palpi three-segmented . . . . phaceliarum (p. 126) Distance between first and second mandibular teeth of female about equal to distance between second and third (fig. 77); maxillary palpi four-segmented . . .copelandica(p. 123) "

Anthocopa copelandica (Cockerell) typical subspecies is found from the Rocky (PI. 19, fig. 77; pl. 20, fig: 91) Mountains (including Utah) to British Columbia and Oregon. It is characterized by the broad Osmia copelandica Cockerell, 1908, Entomologist, genal areas, broader than the eye in the female 41:59, 9. and about as broad as the eye in the male. There Geographic range: British Columbia, California, is a gradual gradient through Oregon and Cali- Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, fornia toward the subspecies albomarginata; this Utah, Washington, and Wyoming (see map 60). gradient reaches its culmination in southern Discuss ion: California, whence the type of ulbomarginuta This species is divisible into three sub- comes. It is a matter for judgment to decide where species, two of which occur in California. The the boundary between the subspecies should be 124 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

landica by open circles. THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 125 drawn. Previously (Michener, 1943), only the such as copelandica and albomarginata usually southern California populations were termed prefer, but in the desert border regions around albomarginata. With more abundant material now Pa!m Springs. At the higher altitudes in the available, it seems better to regard all popula- Mojave desert, intergrades toward albomarginata tions occurring in California and southern Oregon occur. The subspecies atefacta has txoader genal as albomarginata, which can &e characterized by areas than in most specimens of albomarginata, having the genal areas of the female about as and in this characteristic resembles typical wide as the eyes, those of the male narrower cope landica. than the eyes, and by slightly denser metasomal We have seen a male from six miles south- punctation in most specimens. west of Mountain City, Cobb Creek, Elk0 County, The third subspecies, arefacta, characterized Nevada, 6,500 ft., collected on July 24, 1935 by reddish testaceous tegulae, is found in typical (P. H. Baldwin), which appears to belong to the form, not in the wooded transition zone habitats subspecies a lbomargina ta.

Key to the California Subspecies of Anthocopa copelandica

1. Tegulae brownish black...... albomarginata (p. 125) Tegul ae rufotestaceo us ...... arefacta (p. 126)

Anthocopa copelandica dbomarginata (Cockerell) Kern Co.: Woody, 9, IV-24-49 (E. G. Linsley, K.U.). Osmza albomrginata Cockerell, 1935, Pan-Pacific Lassen Co.: Bridge Creek Camp, 8, 9, VII- Ent., 11:49, 4 9. Type q, Swartout Valley, 9-49 (W. F. Ehrhardt, U.C.D.); 6, 3 9, same data California, on flowers Phacelia heterophylla (J. E. Gillaspy, C.I.S.). Hallelujah Jct., VI-27-49 (Timberlake collection, U.C.R.). (D. Cox, C.I.S.). Summit Camp, 8, VI-28-49 (E. L. Geographic range: California, Oregon (see map Atkinson, C.I.S.); 9, same data (H. A. Hunt, 60). U.C.D.); 4 same data (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); Calif or nia records: 3 9, same data (I. W. MacSwain, C.I.S., K.U.); Alameda Co.: Oakland Hills, q, VI-20-47 (P. 9, same data (F. Morishita, C.I.S.); 9, VII-9-49 D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 2 9, same data (E. G. Alpine Co.: Hope Valley, 9, VII-18-48 (J. W. Linsley, C.I.S., K.U.). Susan River Camp, 2 9, MacSwain, C.I.S.). (J. E. Gillaspy, C.I.S.). Contra Costa Co.: Mt. Diablo, 8, IV-24-37 Los Angeles Co.: Big Pines, 9, VII-12-27, (G. E. and R. M. Bohart, K.U.); 8, IV-29-39 4 9, VII-13-27, 9, VII-16-27, 9, VII-17-27, flowers (C. I.S. 1. Phacelia heteropbylla (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Eldotado Co.: China Flat, 8, VI-28-48, flowers Puente Hills, 2 9, V-10-26, flowers Phacelia Phacelza (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 8, VI-28-48 distans (Michener, 1943:77, U.C.R.). Swartout (J. W. MacSwain,C.I.S.). Echo Lake, 4 VU-21-48 Valley, 2 43q, VI-3-28, flowers Phacelia distans (A. Bartel, C.I.S.); 9, VII-12-53 (W. W. Middle- (Michener, 1%3:77, U.C.R., C.I.S.). kauff, C.1.S.k same locality, 7,400 ft., ?, VII- Mono Co.: Blanco’s Corral, White Mountains, 2-51 (W. W. Middlekauf, C.I.S.). 10,000 ft., 8, YI-6-53 (H. Nakakihara, C.1.S.h Fresno Co.: Huntington Lake, 4 VII-13-17, 8, VII-&53 (S. Mitoma, C.I.S.). Leavitt Meadows, flowers Collinsia wrightii (I. McCracken, C.A.S.). VI-21-37 (Michener, 1943:76); 9, VI-26-37 (G.E.B.). Inyo Co.: Argus Mountains, V-22-37 (Michener, Mammoth Lake, 9, VIII-5-36 (Michener, 1 %3:76, 1943:76). Independence Geek, 8,000 ft., VI-1 7- G.E.B.). Sardine Geek, 8,500 ft., VI-28-51 (S. M. 37 (Michener, 1943:76). Bishop Geek (North Kappos, U.C.D.). fork), 8,500 ft., VI-22-37 (Michener, 1943:76). Nevada Co.: Fallen Leaf Lake, 9, VI-29-15 Mt. BaIdy, Panamint Mountains, VI-I 3-37, flowers (Michener, 1943:76, C.A.S.). Truckee, 8, VI-12- Phacelia (Michener, 1943:76). Whitney Portal, 27, 8,VI-13-27, 2 8, VI-15-27, 9, VI-17-27, 2 6, 9, VIII-6-48(P. D. Hurd, Jr., and J. W. MacSwain, VI-19-27, 8, VI-21-27, 9, VII-5-27 (Michener, C.I.S.). 1943:76, C.A.S., K.U.). 126 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Placer Co.: Brockway, 2 9, VII-1941 (G.E.B., (U.C.R.); same locality, 8,500 ft., 3, VII-7-48 K.U.). Donner Lake, 9, VIII-24-16 (L. Bruner, (H. M. G. and D. Townes, K.U.). Strawberry, 9, U.N.). Lake Tahoe, 6, VI-22-25 (Michener, 1943: VI-1 8-51, flowers Phacelia (E. G. Linsley, 76, k.A.S.1; 9,VIII-23-16 (L. Bruner, U.N.). C.I.S.); 6, VI-22-51 (E. G. Lins1e.y and J. W. Plumas Co.: Bucks Lake, 3 3, VI-23-49 (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). Pinecrest, 3 6, 2 9, VII-12-53 MacSwain, C.I.S., K.U.); 3 c?, VII-1-49 (J. W. (B. L. and J. G. Rozen, C.I.S.). MacSwain, C.I.S.). Meadow Valley, 6,2 9, VI- Ventura Co.: Mt. Pinos, c?, V-13-42 (R. M. 1-24 (W. H. Nelson, C.I.S.); same locality, 3,500- Bohart, U.C.L.A.). 4,000 ft., 3 9, VI-1-24 (W. H. Nelson, C.I.S.); 9, VI-5-24 (Michener, 1943:76, C.A.S.); same locality, 4,000-5,000 ft., 9, VI-8-24, 9, VII-6-24 Anthocopa copelandica arefacta (Cockerell) (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.). Nelson Point, 2 9, VII-5-52 (R. C. Bechtel, U.C.D.). Onion Valley, 3, 2, VII-7-49 (E. I. Schlinger, U.C.D.). Quincy. Osmia arelacta Cockerell, 1935, Pan-Pacific 4 mi. W., 9, VI-25-49, (J. W. AhcSwain, K,U.). Ent., 11:42, o", 9. Type 9, Palm Springs, 2 9, VI-29-49, flowers Phacelia (P. D. Hurd, Jr., California, flowers Phacelia distans (Timber- C.I.S.); 4 9, VI-30.49, same flower (P. D. Hurd, lake collection, U.C.R.). Jr., C.I.S.). Geographic range: California (see map 60). ' San Bernardino Co.: Big Bear Lake, 9, VII- Ca lif ornia records: 6-34 (I. McCracken, C.A.S.). Big Bear Valley, 8, Kern Co.: Mojave, c$ IV-11-38'(G. E. and R. VII-6-34, flowers Phacelia heterophylla (P. H. M. Bohart, G.E.B.). Timberlake, U.C.R.). Crestline (near), 2 3, V-13- Los Angeles Co.: Lancaster, 2 3, VI-10-36 34, flowers Nemophila Menziesii var. integrifolia (Michener, 1943:76); c$ IV-20-36 (G. E. and R. M. (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Tetley Park, 3, VII- Bohart, U.C.D.). Llano, 9, V-2-37, flowers 11-41 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.); V-16, flowers Phacelia distans (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Nemophila (Michener, 1943:77). Riverside Co.: Andreas Canyon near Palm San Francisco Co.: San Francisco (sand Springs, 9,IV-10-36, flowers Phacelia (Michener, dunes), 2 4 IV-25-25, 2 6,IV-30-22, 6, V-21-22 1943:76, C.I.S.); 9, IV-10-32, flowers Phacelia (Michener, 1943:76, C.A.S.). distans (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Palm Canyon, Santa Clara Co.: Mt. Hamilton, 3, IV-15-47, 2 9, IV-15-38, flowers Phacelia (U.C.D., G.E.B.). flowers Phacelia (G. E. Bohart, C.I.S.). Palm Springs, 2 9, 111-24-33, flowers Phacelia Shasta Co.: Burney, 8 mi. E., VI-7-41, flowers distans (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 6, 9, III- Phacelia (C. D. Michener, C.I.S.). Hat Creek, 8, 30-45, flowers Cryptantha intetmedia (P. H. VI-4-41, flowers Pbucelia (C. D. Michener, C.I.S.); Timberlake, U.C.R.); 9, IV-6-45, flowers Mala- same locality, 3 mi. N., $, VI-1-41 (P. D. Hurd, cothrix glabrata (T. D. A. Cockere11, U.C.R.); 9, Jr., C.I.S.); VI-4-41, flowers Pbucelia (C. D. IV-3-46 (C.I.S.). Tahquitz Canyon, San Jacinto Michener, C.I.S.). Lassen National Park, 9,IX- Mountains, 3 8, 4 9, IV-16-38, flowers Phacelia 9-41 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S. ). (G.E.andR.M.Bohart,G.E.B.,U.C.D.,U.C.L.A.). Sierra Co.: Gold Lake, 8, VII-21-21 (C. L. Discussion: Fox, C.A.S.); 9, VIII-4-21 (Michener, 1943:76, The two specimens from Lancaster appear to C. A. S. ). be intermediate between are facta and copelandica Siskiyou Co.: Shasta Springs, 9, VI-17-20 (Michener, 1943:76-77). (Michener, 1943:76, C.A.S.); 9, VI-20-20 (C. L. Fox, C.A.S.). Trinity Co.: Big Flat, Coffee Creek, 9, VI- Anthocopa phaceliarum (Cockerell) 20-34 (Michener, 1943:76, G.E.B.). Tulare Co.: General Grant Park, 4 2 9, VI- 27-29, flowers Phacelia hydrophylloides (P. H. Osmia phaceliarum Cockerell, 1935, Pan-Pacific Timberla ke , U.C. R. ). Ent., 11:45, 9. Type 9, Puente Hills, Cali- Tuolumne Co.: Dodge Ridge, 9, VII-13-51 (E. fornia, on flowers Phacelia distans (Timber- I. Schlinger, U.C.D.); 9, VII-15-51 (A. T. McClay, lake collection, U.C.R.). U.C.D.). Mill Creek Camp, 8, VII-13-51 (R. C. Geographic range: California (see map 61). Bechtel, U.C.D.). Sonora Pass, 6, V-27-37 California records: (Known only from the type). Map 61. Distribution of Anthocopa phaceliarum (Cockerell). Map 62. Distribution of Pmteriades remotula(Cockerell), indicated by solid circles and Proteriades incat. zcens (Cockerell), the subspecies zncanescens indicated by right half solid circles, the subspecies nevadensis by open ,;,,1,.,. ,,A .Le -.*I-----: -- *-.-t. 1 IC 1.3 . 1 128 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Plate 9. Lateral view of Proteriades sernirubra (Cockerell), male. THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 129

more than twenty years, and one species (sirnilis) Genus Protwiudes Titus was found but once and another (seminigra) only during one year. Thus, any locality where suit- This is a genus of small bees that can ordinarily able conditions exist may continue to yield be recognized by a single character, namely, the additional species fgr many years. A good pro- presence of hooked or wavy bristles on the short portion of the species are known, but there galeae and labial palpi. Only in males of P. certainly must be others still unseen. It is remotula and incanescens is this character weak, evident that much more material needs to be the bristles being scarcely hooked at their apices collected, and that many years may elapse before or many of them straight. Species of Proteriades a full understanding of the genus is achieved. are without metallic coloration and most species It seems unquestionably true that all species have red areas on the metasoma. The metanotum of Proteriades collect pollen exclusively from and basal zone of the propodeum slope posterior- flowers of the boraginaceous genus Cryptantha. ly. The anterior face of the first metasomal The mouth parts (galeae and labial palpi) are tergum is feebly concave with a usually incon- provided with stiff curled hairs, especially in the spicuous longitudinal median depression and female. These serve to pull the pollen from the without any sharp line between the sculpturing stamens which are hidden in the throats of the of the anterior and the dorsal surfaces. In this flower. These flowers are too small to permit characteristic , Proteriade s resembles Hop1 it is the bees to enter bodily and collect pollen in more than Anthocopa, although it is intermediate the usual way. From the curled or hooked hairs between typical representatives of each. The of the mouth parts, the pollen is transferred for inner ventral margin of each hind coxa is carinate, carrying to the hairs of the scopa on the under an Anthocopu-like feature. There are seven ex- side of the abdomen. posed metasomal terga in the male, the sixth Thus far, there is no evidence whatever to angulate or dentate laterally, a Hoplitislike suggest that the different species of Proteriades feature. are restricted to different species of Cryptantha. The genus Proteriades was revised by Tim- Several species of Proteriades have been col- berlake and Michener (1950). lected on more than one species of Cryptantha, All the known species of the genus, except and the indications are that a species of Pro- Proteriades jacintana and the nominate sub- teriades will utilize whatever Cryptantha species species of P. incunescens, have been found only are available in the neighborhood. All ten species in California and occur from near sea level to of Proteriades found at Riverside were on 10,000 feet altitude in the mountains. The species Cryptant ha in termedia. jacintana has been found recently in Oregon, There is no evident relationship between and incanescens ranges in distribution from speciation in Cryptantha and that in Proteriades. eastern California into Nevada and Arizona. Not only are the Proteriades species not restrict- Presumably other species will be found also to ed to particular species of Cryptantha, but the occur in these states. This distributional pattern distribution of the plant is far wider than that parallels that of certain other megachilid bees of the bee, extending eastward to the Great which for some reason do not range nearly as far Plains and southward far into Mexico and even eastward and southward as does the desert to South America. In this connection, it should habitat in which they occur in California (see be pointed out that in the vicinity of Riverside, Michener, 1943, 1944 b, 1951b). where ten species of Proteriades are competing Of the twenty-two species now recognized, with one another, visiting the same flowers at eighteen are known in both sexes, with the sexes the same season in the same place, the season in most cases allocated with certainty. Two of flight of the bees does not even coincide with species are known only in the female sex, and the main bloom of the Cryptantha plants. These two only in the male sex. Several species are plants appear in great numbers, especially in known to be widely distributed in California, bare and disturbed soils, and are at the height whereas others remain known from one or a few of their bloom in March. Many of them may dry localities. Timberlake has collected ten species, up before the end of that month. Other plants, almost half of the known species of the genus, more favorably situated, as on a north slope or on or in the immediate vicinity of the grounds at the edge of a boulder or wherever the soil of the Citrus Experiment Station in Riverside, retains its moisture longer than in exposed California. This was done during a period of places, may bloom through April and May into 130 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

June. It is mainly such plants which support the themselves on the ground, or on a convenient Proteriades populations. stone or stick, from which they make periodic Hqwever, at high altitudes in the Inyo Moun- sorties over the Cryptantha flowers apparently tains, the Proteriades are on the wing a few in search of mates, only occasionally lingering days before the first Cryptantha flowers are in at the flowers to feed. bloom. Here the situation is wholly different Only fragmentary information on the nesting from that in coastal southern California (River- ha bits of Proteriades is available, but presumably side), for in these high desert ranges, the season all species nest in the ground. As reported by is extremely short, and probably no Cryptantha Michener (1943), P. xerophila was reared from plant survives the aridity to bloom for more than old nests of Anthophora Iinsleyi Timberlake a few weeks. which were dug from the ground by Dr. G. E. Since the females collect pollen at flowers, Bohart. P. remotula and P. deserticola have been and since they doubtless have a much longer observed entering burrows in the ground. Addi- season of flight than males, females are easy to tional information on these last two species will capture in comparison with the males. The males, be found in the accounts of those species in the on the other hand, have the habit of sunning present paper.

Key to the Species of Proteriades Males

1. Mandible, measured along lower margin, equal to or shorter than front tibia, bidentate; clypeus without longitudinal carina; seventh metasomal tergum, if bilobed, with emargination between lobes broad and shallow (e.g., pl. 22, figs. 103, 104, 108) (except in remotula and incanescens, pl. 22, fig. 109) ...... 2 Mandible, measured along lower margin, much longer than front tibia, with subapical dorsal angle so that it is virtually tridentate; clypeus with longitudinal median carina; emargination between lobes of seventh metasomal tergum deeply U-shaped (pl. 22, fig. 110)...... jacintana (p. 151) 2(1). Seventh metasomal tergum truncate (pl. 22, fig. 106), bidentate (pl. 22, fig. 103), or bilobed (PI. 22, fig. 102); sixth metasomal sternum without projecting lobes on either side of base of median fold ...... 3 Seventh metasomal tergum tridentate (pl. 22, fig. 111); sixth metasomal sternum with two small but strongly projecting lobes on either side of base of median fold ...... xerophila (p. 147) 3(2). Mandible, measured along lower margin, shorter than front tibia; metasoma usually with red, at least basally...... 4 Mandible, measured along lower margin, as long as front tibia (outer mandibular tooth far exceeding the short inner tooth); metasoma without red areas .... palmarum (p. 139) 4(3). Seventh metasomal tergum bidentate at apex, the teeth small, separated by at least four times the width of a tooth (pi. 22, figs. 103, 104)...... 5 Seventh metasomal tergum truncate or bilobed medially, the teeth or lobes in that case at least one-third as broad as the space between them (pl. 22, figs. 101, 102, 108). .. 6 5(4). Teeth of seventh metasomal tergum separated by a crescentiform emargination (pl. 22, fig. 104); second metasomal sternum with a broad, subapical, transverse ridge; fifth metasomal sternum fringed; rnetasoma with broad white apical hairbands. ...deserticoZa(p. 149) Teeth of seventh metasomal tergum separated by a quadrate emargination (pl. 22, fig. 103); second metasomal sternum with an oblique swelling on each side subapically; fifth meta- soma1 sternum not fringed, its posterior margin broadly transparent, without hairs; metasoma without hairbands ...... bidmticauda (p. 145) THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 131

Apical segment of flagellum rounded at apex (pl. 21, figs. 93, 94, 76, 97); posterior coxae not concave mesally, not spined ...... 7 Apical segment of flagellum produced beneath at apex into a fine, sharp hook (PI. 21, fig. 92); posterior coxae concave mesally, with long sharp spine arising from inner side at apex ...... hamulicomis (p. 147) First metasomal sternum with a large projection at apex ...... 8 First metasomal sternum with at most a low median protuberance at apex...... 9 Process of first metasomal sternum narrowing to transverse truncate, thin-edged apex, its posterior face flat and perpendicular; seventh metasomal tergum truncate at apex ...... cryptanthue (p. 145) Process of first metasomal sternum thick, trunklike, ending bluntly, its posterior face convex; second to fifth metasomal sterna each with an apical fringe; seventh metasomal tergum strongly emarginate at apex, the two lobes a little less wide than the median emargination (pl. 22, fig. 101) ...... caudex (p. 145) Seventh metasomal tergum no longer than preceding one; second metasomal sternum without a protuberance on each side ...... 10 Seventh metasomal tergum much lengthened, the apical part convex above, concave beneath, broadly truncate at apex, its lateral margins nearly straight and unarmed; second metasomal sternrim with a protuberance on each side subapically ...... truzcauda(p. 147) Margin of clypeus emarginate or not but without median tooth, often crenulate; angles demarking clypeal truncation obtuse ...... 11 Margin of clypeus broadly emarginate, impunctate, with a small median protuberance or tooth; angles demarking clypeal truncation.acute ...... semzrubra (p. 150) 11( 10). Posterior coxal carinae normal; flagellar segments shorter, at least subapical ones broader than long or rarely as long as broad (longer than broad in zncanescens) ..... 12 Posterior coxal carinae elevated to form a lamella which is abruptly terminated at its apex; flagellar segments longer than broad ...... hohariz (p. 149) 12(11). First metasomal sternum nearly nude, or thinly and uniformly hairy...... 13 First metasomal sternum with a triangular medioapical area densely covered with white hair, which also fringes the margin (length at least 5 mm., middle coxae not toothed) ...... reducta (p. 143) 13( 12). Maxillary palpi five-segmented; seventh metasomal tergum with a deep emargination separating lobes whose apices are one-third to one-half as wide as emargination (as in pl. 22, fig. 109)...... 14 Maxillary palpi three- or four-segmented; seventh metasomal tergum truncate or with shallow emargination separating lobes which are at least as wide as emargination (as in pl. 22, figs. 106, 107) ...... 15 14( 13). Emargination of seventh metasomai tergum evenly rounded; third metasomal sternum with fringe of long hairs extending to sides of sternum and therefore visible laterally even when central part is hidden by preceding sternum...... remotula (p. 134) Emargination of seventh rnetasomal tergum quadrate (pl. 22, fig. 109); third metasomal sternum with fringe of long hairs only medially where it is entirely hidden by preceding sternum in repose...... incanescens (p. 134) 15(13). Large species, 5 to 7 mm. long; middle coxae each with a ventral angle or tooth in front of base of trochanter3 (lateral margins of sixth metasomal tergum strongly angulated; teeth of mandibles equal or subequal, except in semznigra) ...... 16 Small species, about 3 to 4.5 mm. long; middle coxae not toothed ...... 18

3Seen from the side of the body, this projection appears as a tooth. Actually, the middle coxae is produced ventrally, mesad and basad of the base of the trochanter, to form a small transverse rounded lamella. 132 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

16(15). First metasomal sternum nearly evenly and weakly convex across the apex; metasoma black dorsally on most or all of the terga ...... 17 First metasomal sternum with a definite shining medioapical protuberance; metasoma almost wholly red, infuscated apically ...... basingeri (p. 141) 17(16). Seventh metasomal tergum with hardly a trace of a median notch; first three or more metasomal terga with red ...... semznzgra (p. 137) Seventh metasomal tergum definitely notched to form two rounded lobes; red confined to sides of first two metasomal terga ...... tristis(p. 135) 18( 15). Metasoma with extensive red areas; lateral margins of sixth metasomal tergum obtusely angulate ...... 19 Metasoma without red areas or with them limited to first and sides of second terga; lateral margins 6f sixth tergum strongly angulate ...... nigiella(p. 137) 19(18). Carina of inner ventral angle of posterior coxa weak, absent distally where coxa is beveled; distance from posterior ocellus to extreme posterior margin of vertex little more than diameter of ocellus; genal areas little more than half as wide as eyes seen from side; pubes cence dense and brilliantly white, obscuring sculpturing of face up nearly to level of ocelli ...... pygmaea (p. 143) Carina of inner ventral angle of posterior coxa conspicuous and complete, coxa not beveled; distance from posterior ocellus to extreme margin of vertex nearly twice diameter of ocellus; genal areas much more than half as wide as eyes seen from side; pubescence dull white, not obscuring facial sculpturing above level of antennal bases . . nanula(p. 141)

Females Clypeus without longitudinal ridge and without carina except in palmarum; mandible tridentate; genal areas at most but little broader than eye ...... 2 Clypeus with longitudinal median carinate ridge; mandible with apical tooth, basad of which is a notch, followed by a long straight margin; genal area twice as broad as eye seen from side ...... jacintana (p. 151) Clypeus produced on each side (next to base of mandibles) as much as, or more than, in the middle, and not overhanging base of labrum or doing so only medially ...... 3 Clypeus distinctly more produced in middle than at the sides and overhanging base of labrum ...... 4 Clypeal margin more produced at sides than the middle, which is much elevated and perpen- dicularly declivous, the margin strongly arched as seen from beneath and leaving base of labrum fully exposed; mandibular teeth nearly equal ...... evansz'(p. 151) Clypeal margin about equally produced at sides and in the middle, with a short median process that is moderately elevated over base of labrum; mandibles with inner apical tooth reduced to an angle and much shorter than the two acute outer teeth ....desettzcola (p. 149) Clypeus truncate or rounded at apex; mandibles not broadened medially ...... 5 Clypeus with median lobe strongly produced and with two fingerlike divergent processes between which is a small acute tooth; mandibles very broad at middle, de'eply excavated on inner margin toward the base, and a little narrowed to apex ... semirubm(p. 150) Clypeal margin in middle more or less thin-edged and strongly projecting over base of labrum, not or feebly crenulate...... 6 Clypeal truncation thick-edged, crenulate with four or six small blunt teeth, and but little produced over base of labrum ...... cryptanthue (p. 145) Clypeus with upper half or two-thirds strongly swollen and shining and nearly impunctate medially; maxillary palpi five-segmented ...... 7 Clypeus more uniformly convex with the punctures moderately dense to crowded (a median impunctate line in palmarum); maxillary palpi with two to four segments ..... 8 THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 133

Clypeal margin broadly rounded with no distinct angles demarking truncation; antennal scape, not including basal articulatory region, as long as distance between antennal sockets ...... remotula (p. 134) Clypeal margin with a clearly defined truncation; antennal scape (as limited above) longer than distance between antennal sockets...... incanescens(p. 134) Metasoma black, or at most with a small amount of red on first tergum and sides of second; terga always with distinct white hairbands; clypeal margin broadly truncate, or emarginate- truncate...... 7 Metasoma with much red on the three basal segments, the hairbands well developed or not; clypeal margin usually less distinctly truncate; sometimes plainly rounded .... 12 Distance between posterior ocelli less than distance from one of them to eye margin; length 5.6 to8 mm...... 10 Distance between posterior ocelli subequal to distance from one of them to eye margin; length 3.5 to 6 mm...... 11 Metasoma with first one or two segments red laterally; clypeal punctation not coarser than that of mesoscutum ...... tristis (p. 135) Metasoma without red; clypeal punctation much coarser than that of mesoscutum ...... xerophila (p. 147) Punctures of clypeus close except sometimes for longitudinal raised line and not coarser than those of mesoscutum ...... palmarum (p. 137) Punctures of clypeus widely separated, coarser than those of mesoscutum . nigrella (p. 137) Clypeal margin broadly rounded, with a very obtuse sublateral angulation far to each side; species about 3.0 to 4.6 mm. long ...... 13 Clypeal margin more or less distinctly truncate in middle, that is, with rounded angles demarking truncation in addition to sublateral angles; length about 5 mm...... 15 13( 12). Clypeus with interspaces between punctures; rounded prominences in front of ocelli not or scarcely more sparsely punctate than vertex and rest of frons...... 14 Clypeus without interspaces between punctures; prominences in front of ocelli shining and distinctly more sparsely punctate than vertex and rest of frons ....similis(p. 139) 14( 13). Small desert species, with pubescence white and unusually abundant on face, cheeks, sides of thorax and margins of mesoscutum; hairbands of metasoma broad and dense, disc of last three terga covered with white hair; punctures of mesoscutum about a puncture width apart; length usually not more than 4 mm...... Pygmaea(p. 143) Slightly larger montane and coastal species with pubescence less clear white, less dense on face and thorax; disc of fourth metasomal tergum well exposed, that of fifth and sixth terga with sparse white hair; punctures of mesoscutum mostly less than a puncture width apart; length 3.5 to 4.5 mm...... nunula (P. 141) 15(12). Clypeus with apical margin not distinctly concavely arcuate on each side of the truncation ...... 16 Clypeus with apical margin rather distinctly but shallowly emarginate on each side of the rather narrow truncation, the sublateral angulation strong, but obtuse. (Punctures of clypeus close, those of rnesoscutum rather coarse and almost uniformly less than a punc ture width apart) ...... caudex (p. 145) lb(l5). Frons, especially the slightly prominent areas just anterior to the lateral ocelli, with the punctures more or less separated ...... 17 Frons uniformly and very closely punctured, the surface appearing more dullish ... 17 17(16). Metasoma with first three terga and generally most of the fourth, red; metasomal hairbands weak; somewhat smaller species, about 4.5 to 5.5 mm. long ...... 18 Metasoma black, the sides of all terga red, but decreasingly so toward apex; metasomal terga 1 to 5 conspicuously pallid at apices; terga 1 to 4 each with a dense white hairband. 134 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Length 5.5 to 6 mm. (Sublateral angulations of clypeal margin very obtuse, so that the margin appears rather broadly rounded) ...... truicauda (p. 147) 18( 17). Maxillary palpi short, indistinctly two- or three-segmented; apical truncation of clypeus rather distinct and about equal to the oblique sides, which have the sublateral angulation very obtuse...... reducta (p. 143) Maxillary palpi foursegmented and usually distinctly longer than in reducta; clypeal margin usually distinctly although minutely notched (the notch bearing a seta) just inside the lateral angulations, so that the latter are produced to form small blunt teeth ...... hidenticauda (p. 145) 19(16). Clypeal truncation distinctly less in width than the oblique sides of the apical margin; punctures of clypeus at least a puncture width apart; punctures of mesoscutum close, but rather more separated than those of frons; first three metasomal terga, and sometimes a large part of fourth, red ...... hamdicomis (p. 147) Clypeal truncation about equal to width of oblique sides of the apical margin; punctures of clypeus rather less than a puncture width apart; punctures of mesoscutum about equaling those of frons in density; basal metasomal terga more or less black in middle, the first sometimes only narrowly so, the fourth either entirely black or red at sides ...... seminigra(p. 137)

Proterjades remotula (Cockerell) as by the broadly rounded margin. It differs from other species, except incanescens, by the five- Osmiu remotula Cockerell, 191 0, Canad. Ent., segmented maxillary palpi. The male differs from 42:170, ?. Type 9, Claremont, Los Angeles other species of Proteriades in the almost semi- County, California (U.S. Nat. Mus.). circular emargination of the seventh metasomal Geographic range: California (see map 62). tergum. California records: The specimen from near Chinese Camp, Contra Costa Co.: Rock City, Mt. Diablo, ?, Tuolumne County, was collected as it was enter- V-24-40 (Timberlake and Michener, 1950:397, ing a hole in the ground. The clypeus of this C.I.S.). individual is truncate medially, but without LOS Angeles CO.: La Crescenta, 9, V-5-35, distinct angles at the ends of the truncation. flowers Cryptantha intermedia (Timberlake and This may suggest intergradation with P, incanes- Michener, 1950:397, U.C.R.). Newhall, T, IV- cens, but the scuta1 punctation is even finer 20-40 (Timberlake and Michener, 1950:397, than usual in remotula, not coarser as is often U.S.A.C.). the case in incanescens. The scape is slightly Modoc Co.: Fandango Pass, 9, WI-10-46, longer than in remotula but not as long as in flowers Asclepias (Timberlake and Michener, incunescens. The locality is in the vicinity 1950397, C.I.S.). Adin,& V-3G52 (J. G. Roten). where P. incanescens tota has been taken. Riverside Co.: Riverside, 2 9, IV-6-45, flowers Cryptantha intermedia (Timberlake and Michener, 1950t397, U.C.R.). The Gavilan, 9, IV-6-50, Proteriades incanescens (Cockerell) flowers Cryptantha intermediu (P. H. Timberlake, U. C.R. ). San Benito Co.: Pinnacles National Monument, Hoplitinu incanescens Cockerell, 1922, Amer. 6, 9, IV-24-48, flowers Cryptantha (Timberlake Mus. Notritates, 40:7. and Michener, 1950:397, C.I.S.). Geographic range: Arizona, California, Nevada Tuolumne Co.: Chinese Camp, 2 mi. W., 9, (see map 62). IV-26-52 (R. R. Snelling). Discus s ion: Discussion: P. incanescens is a fiedium-size or large This species is not common, and only a few species, the female of which has the upper part specimens are known. The female can easily be of the clypeus strongly convex, shining, with recognized by the bulging upper half of the punctures separated by more than their diameters. clypeus and the depressed lower half, as well In this characteristic it resembles remotula and t

THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 135

to some extent hamulicornis. Both of these four times as broad as long and scarcely longer ! species are smaller, and neither has the strongly than the distance between the inner margins of produced and clearly truncate clypeal margin the antennal sockets. which characterizes incanescens. Another dis- The male of this species is unique among tinctive feature of incanescens is the long known Proieriades in having the second meta- antennal scape, which is almost five times as soma1 sternum enlarged ana covering the median long as broad and longer than the distance be- part of the third, as in many species of Anthocopa tween the inner margins of the antennal sockets. and Osmia. P. remotula, however, closely ap- In other species, the scape is usually less than proaches incanescens in this respect.

! Key to the California Subspecies of Proteriades incanescens 1. Metasoma with extensive red areas ...... nevadensis (p. 135) Metasoma black ...... tota(p. 135)

Proteriades incanescens neuadensis Strawberry, Tuolumne County, California Timberlake and Michener (Univ. of Kansas). (Pl. 22, fig. 109) Geographic range: California (see map 62). California re cords : Proteriades incanescens nevadens is Timberlake Tuolumne Co.: Pinecrest, 9, VII-12-53 (Mich- and Michener, 1950, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., ener, 1954:72, C.I.S.). 33:399, 9. Type 9, Kyle Canyon, Charleston Dis cuss ion: Mountains, Nevada (Calif. Acad. Sci.). This subspecies differs most conspicuously Geographic range: Nevada, California (see map from the preceding in the lack of red metasomal 62 1. markings. California records : Mono Co.: Owens VaIley, 7,000 ft., 9, V-31-41 (Timberlake and Michener, 1950:399). Blanco’s Proteriades tristis Michener Corral, White Mountains, 10,000 ft., c$ VI-29-53, 9, VI-30-52, 6 c$ VII-7-53,4 8,VII-8-53 (Michener, Proteriades trzstis Michener, 1936, Bull. So. 1954:72, C.I.S., K.U.). Crooked Creek, White Calif. Acad. Sci., 35:92, 9, Type 9, Eagle Mountains, 9,000 ft., 6 VI-20-53 (J. W. MacSwain, Rock Hills, Los Angeles County, California ! C.I.S.). (Calif. Acad. Sci.). San Bernardino Co.: Deep Cree.k, 9, V-9-36 Geographic range: California (see map 63). (Timberlake and Michener, 1950399). California records: Discussion : Los Angeles Co.: La Crescenta, (Timberlake The specimen from Deep Creek “has the and Michener, 1950:401); 3, 9, IV-19-36 (E. G. clypeus less clearly truncate than in incanescens, Linsley, C.I.S.). Altadena, (Timberlake and and has the interocular and interocellar dis- Michener , 195 0 401 ). tances more as in remotula. It probably represents Riverside Co.: Idyllwild; Ribbonwood; Van- either a new species, or more likely, an inter- devanter Flat, Santa Rosa Mt., 6,400-7,000 ft., grade between nevadensis and remotula. If the (Timberlake and Michener, 1950:401). Riverside, latter interpretation is correct, incanescens and 9, VII-10-36 (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.). Mt. San nevadensis should both be considered sub- Jacinto, 4,000 ft., 2 9, VI-6-42 (R. Bohart, species of remotula,” (Timberlake and Michener, U.S.A.C.). 1950:399). The subspecies is represented from San Bernardino Co.: Mill Creek, San Bernardino Nevada by a single female which is the type. Mountains (Timberlake and Michener, 1950:401). San Bernardino, V-28-36 (E. G. Linsley, J 9, C.I.S.). Proteriades incanescens tota Michener Discus sion : This is a rather large species, black with the Proteriades incanescens tota Michener, 1954, red confined to the first two metasomal segments. Jour. Kansas Ent. SOC., 27:72, 9. Type 3, It thus resembles the structurally very different Map 63. Distribution of Protenades tristis Michener. Map 64. Distribution of Proteriades nigrella Michener, the subspecies attonita indicated by open circles, and the subspecies nigrella by solid circles.' THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 137

P. jacintana. According to Timberlake and Mich- Discuss ion: ener (1950:401), tristis has been collected at This species is very small, like pygmaea and flowers of Cryptantha intermedia and C. micrantha. nanula, but differs from them in lacking red Males have been coilected on dates ranging from markings or in having them confined to the first April 19 to June 18, females April 19 to June 19. two metasomal terga; in the much coarser punctation, the large and widely separated punctures of the clypeus of the female being especially Proteriades nigrella Michener conspicuous; in the strongly angulate sides of the sixth metasomal tergum of the male; in the Proteriades nigrella Michener, 1954, Jour. Kansas more nearly equal mandibular teeth of the male; Ent. SOC., 27:72. and in the more definitely truncate clypeus of Geographic range: California (see map 64). the female.

Key to the Subspecies of Proteriades nigrella

1. 1. Metasoma without red areas; length of females 3.5 to 4 mm...... nigrella(p. 137) Metasoma with sides of first two terga red; length of females 5 mm. . . . attonita(p. 137)

Proteriades nigrella nigrella Michener California records: Inyo Co.: Surprise Canyon, Panamint Moun- Proteriades nigrella nigrella Michener, 1954, tains, c$ 9, IV-29-53, flowers Cryptantha race- jour. Kansas Ent. SOC., 27:73, 9. Type 9, mosa (Michener, 1954:73). Box Canyon, Riverside County, California, flowers Cryptantha angustifolia (Timberlake collection, U. C. R. ). Geographic range: California (see map 64). Proteriades seminigra Timberlake and Michener Ca 1if orn ia re c ord s : Riverside Co.: Box Canyon, 7 9, IV-17-52, Proteriades seminigra Timberlake and Michener, flowers Cryptantha angustifolia (Michener, 1954: 1950, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 33:401, 6, 9. 73). Geographic range: California (see map 65). San Bernardino Co.: Manix, 22 mi. N., 9, IV- Discussion: 26-53, flowers Cryptantha angustifolia (Michener, This is one of the smaller species of gener- 1954:73). alized structute. The male is similar to that of tris'tis, but smaller, with much more red on the metasoma, and the apex of the seventh meta- Proteriades nigrella attonita Michenet soma1 tergum is not bilobed. The female agrees with hamulicornis in having the punctures of the Proteriades nigrella attonita Michener, 1954, Jour. frons almost uniformly close, but differs in hav- Kansas Ent. SOC., 27:73, 9, 6. Type 9, Sur- ing less red on the metasoma and the punctures prise Canyon, Panamint Mountains, Inyo of the mesoscutum about as close as those of the County, California, flowers Cryptantha race- frons. The metasomal sterna are usually largely mosa (Univ. of Kansas). black, whereas in other species they are usually Geographic range: California (see map 64). reddened.

Key to the Subspecies of Pmtetrades seminigra Males

1. Inner orbits converging below; distance between posterior ocelli subequal to distance from one of them to eye margin ...... , ...... seminigra(p. 139) Inner orbits with lower parts slightly diverging below; distance between posterior ocelli less than distance from one of them to eye margin ...... yosemitensis(p. 139) 0

Map 66. Distribution of Proteriades palmarum (Cockerell). lake and Michener, the subspecies seminigra indicated by solid circles, and the subspecies yosemitensis by open circles. THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 139

Females

1. Black occupying middle third of second metasomal tergum...... seminigra(p. 139) Black limited to small median area on second metasomal tergum . . yosemitensis (p. 139)

Proter iades s eminigra s e minigra 53, flowers Cryptantha angwtifolia (Timberlake Timberlake and Michener and Michener, 1950405, U.C.R.). Riverside Co.: Palm Springs, 9, 111-3045, Proteriades seminigra seminigra Timberlake and flowers Cryptantha barbigera (Timberlake and Michener, 1950, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 33: Michener, 1950:405). Desert Center, 18 mi. E., 403, 8, 9. Type 8, Riverside, California, 9,IV-13-49, flowers Cryptantha barbigeta (P. H. flowers Cryptantha intermedia (Timberlake Timberla ke, U.C. R. ). collection, U.C.R.). San Diego Co.: Borego, 6, 2 9, 111-31 and Geographic range: California (see map 65). IV-1-53, flowers Cryptantha barbigera (P. D. California records! Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). Los Angeles Co.: La Crescenta, 9,IV-19-36, Discuss ion: flowers Cryptantha intermedia (Timberlake and This is our only moderately small (6 mm. long) Michener, 1950403). Proteriades without red on the abdomen. The Riverside Co.: Riverside, 2, IV-21-38, 9, V- other species without red are the large xerophila 6-38, flowers Cryptantha intermedia (Timberlake and the minute nigrella nigrella. The range of and Michener, 1950:403). PiGon Flat, San Jacinto variation in palmarum is sufficient so that P. Mountains, 9, IV-26-53 (F. X. Williams, C.I.S.). nigra Timberlake and Michener is considered as a probable synonym of palmarurn The number of specimens (5) in collections is so small that Proteriudes seminigra yosemitensis positive conclusions on this point are difficult Timberlake and Michener to reach. P. nigra has been reported from three desert localities in Riverside County: 18 miles Proteriades seminigra yosemitensis Timberlake east of Desert Center; 4 miles east of Edom (the and Michener, 1950, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., holotype); and Palm Springs. 33:404, d', 9. Type d', Yosemite, California, 3,880-4,000 ft. (Calif. Acad. Sci. ). Geographic range: California (see map 65). Ca 1if ornia records : Proteriudes similis Timberlake and Michener lnyo Co.: Big Pine Creek, 7,500 ft., 2, 2 9, VI-12 to 17-42 (Timberlake and Michener, 1950 Proteriades similis Timberlake and Michener, 414, G.E.B.). 1950, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 33:406, 9. Los Angeles Co.: Palmdale, 4 IV-11-36 Type 9, Riverside, California, flowers (Timberlake and Michener, 1950404, G.E.B.). Cryptantha intermedia (Timberlake collection, Mariposa Co.: Yosemite, 3,8804,000 ft., 5 8, U.C.R.). 7 9, V-25 and V-31-1938, some on Cryptantha Geographic range: California (see map 67). (Timberlake and Michener, 1950:404). California records: (known only from the type) Discussion: This species differs in the female from any Proteriades palmarum (Cockerell) of the other smaller species, except bidenticauda, in having the punctures of the clypeus dense Osmia palmarum Cockerell, 1935, Pan-Pacific enough to dull the surface. It differs from bi- Ent., 11:48, 9. Type 9, Palm Springs, Cali- denticauda in having the punctures of the clypeus fornia, flowers Cryptantha (Timberlake collec- more rounded, the clypeal margin a little notched tion, U.C.R.). on each side, the antennae shorter, and the Synonymy: Proteriades nigra Timberlake and punctures of the frons finer and denser. Super- Michener, 1950. ficially it resembles a large specimen of nanula, Geographic range: California (see map 66). from which it differs in the clypeal punctation, California records: among other characters. P. similis may be the Imperial Co.: Kane Springs, 19 mi. W., III-25- female of basingeri. Timberlake and Michener. THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 141

P ro te riade s basingeri Timber 1ake and Miche ne r Circumstances suggesting the association of the two as sexes of one species are their small size, Proteriades basingeri Timberlake and Michener, and the fact that each is known only from the 1950, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 33:413, 6; environs of Riverside where both are very rare. Type 2, Riverside, California (Timberlake collection, U. C. R. ). Geographic range: California (see map 68). Proteriades nanula Timberlake and Michener California records: Riverside Co.: Riverside, 8,IV-4-39 (Timber- Proteriades nanula Timberlake and Michener, lake and Michener, 1950414, U.C.R.); & III-20- 1950, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 33:408, 6, 9. 29, flowers Cryptantha intermedia (Timberlake Geographic range: California (see map 69). and Michener, 1950:414, U.C.R.). Temecula, 6 Discussion: mi. E., 3, IV-11-50 (Michener, 1951:51, C.I.S.). P. nunula is distinguishable from other Discussion: species, except pygmaea, by its small size and The male of basingeri differs from others, by having the margin of clypeus of the female except P. boharti, in having a low rounded protu- more completely rounded out. The almost equally berance at the apex of the first metasomal ster- small P. similis differs by having the clypeus num. It differs from boharti in having shorter very densely and finely punctured. The males antennae and a shining punctureless border at of nanula and pygmaea have the lateral margins the apex of the clypeus, as well as by lacking of the seventh tergum feebly angulated, with lamellae on the posterior coxae. It is quite only a slight emargination before the apical possible that this is the male of similis, but truncation (fig. 106). P. nunula differs from basingeri has never been collected with that pygmaea by being larger and less hairy and by species, although they are from the same locality. having the wings duskier.

Key to the Subspecies of Proteriades nanula

1. Wing length not more than 2.8 mm.; black areas of first three metasomal terga of female not reaching brownish margins of terga and occupying one-fourth or less of tergal width ...... ’ ...... nanula (p, 141) Wing length usually 3.0 mm.; black areas of first three terga reaching brownish margins of terga, that of third tergum occupying nearly median third of tergum . . . sparsa(p. 143)

Proteriades nanula nanula 9 9, 111-12 to V-9, flowers Cryptantha intermedia Timberlake and Michener (Timberlake and Michener, 1950:410); 9, IV-11- (Pl. 22, fig. 106) 51, all on flowers Crypuntha intermedia (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Perris, 1% mi. W., 2 9, Proteriades nanula nanula Timberlake and Mich- IV-27-38 and V-4-38, flowers Cryptantha inter ener, 1950, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 33:409, media (Timberlake and Michener, 1950:410, 6, 2. Type 6, Riverside, California, flowers U.C.R.). The Gavilan, 2 -2, IV-16-39 and IV-18- Cryptantha intermedia (Timberlake collection, 38, flowers Cryptantha intermedia (Timberlake U. C.R. 1. and Michener, 1950:410, U.C.R.); 2 9, IV-6-50, Geographic range: California (see map 69). flowers Cryptantha intermedia (P. H. Timberlake, California records: U.C.R.); 9, 111-2950, flowers Cryptantha inter- Los Angeles Co.: Claremont, 9, V-4-45, media (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). PiGon Flat, flowers Cryptantha intermedia (Timberla ke and San Jacinto Mountains, 9, IV-21-53 (F. X. Michener, 1950:410, U.C.R.). Williams, C.A.S.). Murrieta, 6, IV-18-50 (J. W. Riverside Co.: Riverside, 9, IV-26-37, 7 6, MacSwain, C.I.S.). I I

Map 69. Distributions of Proteriades nunula Timberlake Map 70. Distribution of Proteriades reducta and Michener, the subspecies nanula indicated by half Timberlake and Michener solid circles, and the subspecies spatsa by solid circles; Dl..cnl;nrl,, h.r,.rnn-n, T:-h--l-L- -..A Ld:-L---- L-. THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 143

Proteriades nanula sparsa County, California, flowers Cryptantha bar- Timberlake and Michener bigera (Tim berla ke collection, U. C.R. ). Geographic range: California (see map 69). Proteriades nunula sparsa Timberlake and Mich- California re cords: ener, 1950, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 33410, Inyo Co.: Panamint Springs, 6, IV-7-38, flowers 6, 9. Type 3, Hastings Natural History Reser- Cryptantha (Timberlake and Michener, 1950:413). vation, near Jamesburg, Santa Lucia Moun- Riverside Co.: Palm Springs, 9, 111-30-45, tains, Monterey County, California, 1,900- flowers Cryptantha batbigera (Timberlake and 2,700 ft., flowers Cryptantha (Univ. of Kansas). Michener, 1950412, U.C.R.). Cathedral City, Geographic range: California (see map 69). 2 mi. S., c?, 4 9, IV-10-36, flowers Cryptantha California records: (Timberlake and Michener, 1950:413, K.U.); same Fresno Co.: Coalinga (near), 2 9, VI-8-41 locality but 5 mi. E., 9, IV-10-36, flowers (Timberlake and Michener, 1950:410). Cryptantha (Timberlake and Michener. 1950:413). Inyo CO.: Lone Pine Canyon, 2 S, 5 9, VI- La Quinta, 6 3 q, 111-4-36, flowers Cryptantha 11-37, flowers Cryptantha (Timberlake and barbigera (Timberlake and Michener, 1950:413, Michener, 195&410, K.U.). Big Pine Creek, 4 9, U.C.R.). VI-12-42 (Timberlake and Michener, 1950:410). San Bernardino Co.: Twentynine Palms, 7%. Bishop Geek, north fork, 8,500 ft., 4 VI-22-37 mi. S., V-7-48, flowers Namu demissum (Timber- (Timberlake and Michener, 1950410, U.C.R.). lake and Michener, 1950413, U.C.R.). Vidal Surprise Canyon, 9, IV-29-53, flowers Cryptantha Junction, 9, IV-3-51 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). inaeqtiata (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). San Diego Co.: Borego, 9, V-2-52, flowers Mariposa Co.: Yosemite, 3,880-4,OOO ft., 9, Eriogonum (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 8, 9, III- V-25-38 (Timberlake and Michener, 1950:410); 31-53, flowers Cryptantha burbigera (P. D. Hurd, 3 4 9, V-25 and 31-1938, flowers Cryptuntha Jr., C.I.S.); 5 4 2 9, IV-2-53, flowers Cryptantha (Timberlake and Michener, 1950410). barbigera (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). Monterey Co.: Hastings Natural History Reser- Discussion: vation, near Jamesburg, Santa Lucia Mountains, This species is similar to nanula but is 8,VI-4-38,3 $!,VId38(Timberlake and Michener, slightly smaller, with abundant white pubescence, 1950:410, U.C.R.). broad white hairbands on metasoma, and clearer San Bernardino Co.: Mill Geek, San Bernar- wings. In both sexes, the head is declivous dino Mountains, 6,000 ft., 9, VII-2-44, flowers closer behind the ocelli than in nanula so that Cryptuntha micrantha, var. lepida (Timberlake the posterior ocelli are closer to the posterior and Michener, 1950:410, U.C.R.); 2 9, V-28-50, margin of the vertex. flowers Cryptantha rnicrmztha, var. lepida (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Manix, 22 mi. N., 9, IV- 2653, flowers Cryptantha angusti/olia (P. D. Proteriades reducta Timberlake and Michener Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). Tulare Co.: Badger, 9, VI-26-29, flowers Proteriades reducta Timberlake and Michener, Cryptantha /luciida (Timberlake and Michener, 1950, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 33:414, c?, 9. 1950410, U.C.R.). Type 3, Riverside, California, flowers Cryptan- Discussion: tha intermedia (Timberlake collection, U.C.R.). The specimens from Manix, San Bernardino Geographic range: California (see map 70). County, and Surprise Canyon, Panamint Moun- California records: tains, Inyo County, are small enough to be nanula Riverside Co.: Riverside, 9, IV-I 5-39, flowers Cryptantha intermedia (Timberlake and Michener, proper and evidently represent intergrades toward that fmm. 1950416, U.C.R.); 3, V-15-26,' flowers Cryptantha intermedia (Timberlake and Michener, 1950416, U.C.R.); 9, IV-26-26, flowers Cryptantha intermedia (Timberlake and Michener, 1950:416, Proteriades pygnraea Timberlake and Michener U.C.R.). Perris, 1%mi. W., 9, V-14-46, flowers (Pl. 21, fig. 93; pl. 22, fig. 107) Cryptantha intermedia (Timberlake and Michener, 1950:416, U.C.R.). The Gavilan, 9, IV-6-50, Proteriades Pygmaea Timberlake and Michener, flowers Cryptuntha intermedia (P. H. Timberlake, 1950, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 33:411, 4 9. U.C.R.); 9, V-7-51, flowers Cryptantha inter- Type 4 La Quinta, west of Indio, Riverside media (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Map 71. Distributions of Proteriades caudex Timberlake Map 72. Distribution of Proteriades bidenticauda and Michener, indicated by open circles, and Proteriades Timberlake and Michener. THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 145

Discus s ion: in having the hairbands of metasoma little devel- The male of reducta is distinguishable from oped, and the clypeal margin without fingerlike similar middle-size species by having the middle pmce s se s. of the first metasomal sternum covered with conspicuous white hair and by lacking the ventral tooth of the middle coxa which is present in Proteriades caudex Timberlake and Michener allied species. The female differs from truicauda (PI. 21, fig. 94; pl. 22, fig. 101) in the slightly smaller size and by having the first three terga entirely red and the clypeal Proteriades caudex Timberlake and Michener, margin more truncate medially. From bidenticauda 1950, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 33:418, 6 8. it differs in having the maxillary palpi shorter, Type 4 Idyllwild, San Jacinto Mountains, with only two or three indistinct segments, and California (Univ. of Kansas). the clypeal margin without a notch just within Geographic range: California (see map 71). the lateral angulations. These three species Ca lif ornia re cords : differ from hamulicornis and seminigra in having Riverside Co.: Idyllwild, 5 4 V-26-40 (Timber- the frons more shining and less closely punctured. lake and Michener, 1950:420); ?, VI-3-39, flowers Cryptantha Zepida (Timberlake and Michener, 1950:420, U.C.R.). Pine Flat, near Idyllwild, 9, VI-1 5-40, flowers Cryptantha micrantha (Tim- Proteriades cryptanthue Timberlake and Michener berlake and Michener, 1950:420, K.U.); 7 9, VI-1 5-40, flowers Cryptantha (Timberlake and Proteriades cryptanthae.Timberlake and Michener, Michener, 1950:420). Herkey Creek, 4 VI-4-40 1950, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 33:416, 4 9. (Timberlake and Michener, 1950:420, K.U.). Keen Type 4 Riverside, California, flowers Cryptan- Camp, 4 6 9, V-16-39 (Timberlake and Michener, tha intermedia (Timber lake collection, U. C. R. ). 1950:420). Santa Rosa Mountain, 2 9, VI-8 and Geographic range: California (see map 71). 31-40, flowers Cryptantha micrantha (Timberlake California records : and Michener, 1950420, K.U.). San Jacinto LO^ Angeles CO.: Claremont, 2 9, ~-4-45, Mountains, 9, 1912 (Timberlake and Michener, flowers Cryptantha intermedia (Timberlake and 1950420). San Jacinto Mountain Trail, 19 4 9 8, Michener, 1950:418). Newhall, 9, IV-20-41 (Tim- VII-1-52 (J. W. kcswain, C.I.S., K.U.). berlake and Michener, 1950:418). Disc us s i on: Riverside Co.: Riverside, 9, IV-23-28, flowers In the male, caudex resembles the considerably Cryptantha intermedia (Timberlake and Michener, larger cryptanthue and differs in having the proc- 1950:418); 9 8, 111-21 to V-1, flowers Cryptantha ess of the first metasomal sternum thick and intermedia (Timberlake and Michener, 1950:418); stumplike instead of flattened anteroposteriorly 8 9, IV-20 to VI-17, flowers Cryptantha intermedia and thin-edged at apex. The posterior coxae are (Timberlake and Michener, 1950:418). The lamellate, a character not shared by cryptanthae. Gavilan, 9, IV-16-39, flowers Cryptantha inter The female is far less distinctive but can be media (Timberlake and Michener, 1950:418); recognized by the narrow truncation of the clyp- 4 9, IV-6 to V-8-1950, flowers Cryptantha inter- eus, on each side of which is a distinct con- media (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 2 4 IV-22-52, cavity between the end of the truncation and the flowers Cryptantha intermedia (P. H. Timberlake, sublateral angle. U.C.R.). Temecula, 6 mi. E., 9, V-9-36, flowers Cryptantha intermedia (Timberlake and Michener, 1950:418). Murrieta, 1 mi. N., 4 IV-18-50 (J. W. Proteriade s bidenticauda Timber lake and Mic h e ner MacSwain, C.I.S.). (Pl. 21, fig. 95; pl. 22, fig. 103) Discussion : This species is nearly of the same size and Proteriudes bidenticaudaTimberlake and Michener, color as semirubra. It is easily distinguished in 1950, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 33:420, 6, 9. the male from all other species except caudex Type 6 Mazourka Canyon, Inyo Mountains, by having a large hornlike process on the apical Inyo County, California, 9,500 ft. (Univ. of middle of the first metasomal sternum. The male Kansas ). differs from caudex in the larger site and in Geographic range: California (see map 72). having the ventral process thin-edged and trun- California records: cate at apex. From semirubra the female differs Inyo Co.: Mazourka Canyon, Inyo Mountains. Map 73.. Distribution of Proteriades truicauda Map 74. Distribution of Proteriades hamulicornis Timberlake and Michener. Timberlake and Michener. THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 147

9,500 ft., 7 6, 9, VI-1-37 (Timberlake and Mich- similar species such as tristis and reducta by ener, 1950:422); same data, 8,000 ft., 2 8, V-22- having the red coloration restricted to the sides 37 (Timberlake and Michener, 1950:422); same of the metasomal terga but extending back to the data, 7,500 ft., 7 $, 2 9, V-21-37, one on flowers fifth or sixth tergum. Cryptantha (Timberlake and Michener, 1950:422); same data, 7,000 ft., 4 3, 9, V-21-37, flowers Cryptantha (Timberlake and Michener, 1950:422); Proteriades hamulicornis Timberlake and Michener same data, no elevation specified, 2 6,V-21-37 (Pl. 21, fig. 92; pi. 22, fig. 108) (Timberlake and Michener, 1950:422); 6 8, V-25- 37 (C.I.S.). Wild Rose Canyon, Panamint Moun- Proteriades hamulicornis Timberlake and Mich- tains, 7,000 ft., 8, 2 9, V-27-37 (Timberlake and ener, 1950, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 33:425, Michener, 1950422). Tuber Canyon, Panamint 8, 9. Type 8, Mazourka Canyon, Inyo Moun- hlountains, 8,000 ft., 9, VI-1 8-37 (Timberlake tains, Inyo County, California, 7,500 ft., on and Michener, 1950422). Inyo Mountains, 2 8, flowers Cryptantha (Univ. of Kansas). VI-1-37 (Timberlake and Michener, 1950:422). Geographic range: California (see map 74). Silver Canyon, White Mountains, S, V-11-26 California records: (Timberlake and Michener, 1950:422). Lone Pine Inyo Co.: Mazourka Canyon, Inyo Mountains, Creek, 6,500 ft., 8, V-1947 (R. Bohart, G.E.B.). 7,500 ft., 9,V-21-37, flowers Cryptantha (Timber- Discussion: lake and Michener, 1950427); same locality, The male of this species is readily recognized 7,000 ft., 8, V-20-37, flowers Cryptantha (Timber- among species of Proteriades by the seventh lake and Michener, 1950:427); same locality, metasomal tergum, the two lobes of which have 9,500 ft., 8, 9,VI-1-37 (Timberlake and Michener, become two blunt teeth separated by a long 1950~427).Inyo Mountains, c( VI-1-37 (Timberlake straight margin (pl. 22, fig. 103). A superficially and Michener, 1950:427). Wildrose Canyon, Pana- similar configuration occurs in the unreiated mint Mountains, 7,000 ft., 9, V-27-37, flowers species deserticola, but in that form the teeth Cryptantha (Timberlake and Michener, 1950:427). are separated by a concave margin. The female Discussion: is similar to several other species such as The male of hamulicornis is easily recognized hamulicornis, from which it differs in the closely by numerous characters such as the very broad punctured clypeus, among other characters. face with the inner orbits diverging below, the sharply pointed last antennal segment (fig. 92) suggestive of this structure in Hoplitis, sub- Proteriades truicauda Timberlake and Michener genus Alcidamea, and the spined posterior coxae. By contrast, the female, which is ap- Proteriades truicauda Timberlake and Michener, parently to be associated with these males, is 1950, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 33423, 8, 9. unspecialized in structure and similar to several Type d; Santa Rosa Mountain, San Jacinto other species such as bidenticauda. It differs Mountains, Riverside County, California, in having the rounded prominences in front of flowers Cryptantha rnicruntbu(Univ. of Kansas). the ocelli densely punctured without shining Geographic range: California (see map 73). interspaces and in the widely separated punc- California records : tures of the convex upper part of the clypeus. Riverside Co.: Santa Rosa Mountain, 2 c$ 3 9, VI-18-40, flowers Cryptantha micrantha (Tim- berlake and Michener, 1950:425); 4 ?, V-31-40, Proteriades nerophila (Cockerell) flowers Cryptantha micrantha (Timberlake and (Pl. 22, fig. 111) Michener, 1950:425); 8, 9, VI-8-40, flowers Cryptantha micrantha (Timberlake and Michener, Osmia xerophila Cockerell, 1935, Pan-Pacific 1950:425). Ent., 11:45, 6, 9. Type 9, Palm Springs, Discussion: California, flowers Cryptantha (Timberlake In this moderate-size species the male is very collection, U.C.R.). readily recognized by the much produced, scoop Geographic range: California (see map 75). shaped seventh metasomal tergum which is not California records: at all bilobed and not angulate on the sides. Imperial Co.: Palo Verde, 3 mi. S., 9, IV-8-49 The female is markedly smaller than the male (Michener, 1951:51, C.I.S.). and differs from a series of structurally rather Inyo Co.: Grape Vine Canyon, 10 mi. S. Little Map 76. Distributions of Proteriades boharti Timberlake and Michener, indicated by upper half solid circles; Pro- teriades deserticola Timberlake and Michener, indicated by Map 75. Distributions of Proteriades jacintana (Cock- open circles; Proteriades evansi Michener, indicated by erell), indicated by solid circles; and Proteriades xerophila lower half solid circles; and Proteriades semirubra (Cockerell), indicated by open circles. (Cockerell), indicated by solid circles. THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 149

Lake, on east side of Sierra Nevada, north of Geographic range: California (see map 76). Walker Pass, 4 9, reared from old nests of Ca 1if or nia records : Anthophora linsleyi (Michener, 1943:83). Imperial Co.: San Felipe Creqk, 2 d: 9, IV- Riverside Co.: Palm Springs, 66, 111-22 to 8-39 (Timberlake and Michener, 1950433). Kane 111-30; 99, 111-21 to IV-16, many on Cryptantha Springs, 19 mi. W., 8,111-25-33, flowers Cryptantha barbigera (Timberlake and Michener, 1950:429); angustifolia (Timberlake and Michener, 1950433). 3, V-21-32, flowers Malva parviflora (P. H. Tim- Riverside Co.: Palm Springs, 9, 111-30-45, berlake, U.C.R.). flowers Cryptantha barbigera (Timberlake and San Bernardino Co.: Cronese Valley, 3, IV- Michener, 1950:432), 8 4 34 9, 111-21, 26-32, 4-53, flowers Larrea (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). 111-2433, 111-3045, flowers Cryptantha barbigera Kramer Junction, ?, V-1-53 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., (Timberlake and Michener, 1950:432); 4 9 9, c. I. s. ). IV-16-39 (Timberlake and Michener, 1950:432); San Diego Co.: Borego, 11-28; 111-6-47 (Mich- 9, IV-4-42 (R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.). Indio, 4 ener, 1949:54); 9, 111-31-53 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., 111-25-37 (Timberlake and Michener, 1950:433). C.I.S.). Tub Canyon, Borego, 9, 11-28-47 (Timber- Andreas Canyon, Palm Springs, 6 8,2 ?, IV-7-40 lake and Michener, 1950:429, U.C.R.). (Timberlake and Michener, 1950:433). Edom, 4 Discuss ion : mi. E., IV-17-37 (Timberlake and Michener, 1950: This species may be readily recognized by 433). Thousand Palm Canyon, 2 9, IV-10-37, its large size (6.5 to 8.8 mm.), lack of red colora- flowers Cryp tan tha angus t ifolia (Tim be r la ke and tion, and the strongly tridentate condition of the Michener, 1950:433); 2, 8, 111-3-40 (Timberlake seventh metasomal tergum of the male (PI. 22, and Michener, 1950433). Desert Center, 18 mi. fig. 111). E., 2 9, IV-13-49, flowers Cryptantha barbigera (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Box Canyon, 9, IV- 27-52, flowers Cryptantha angustifolia (P. H. Proteriades boharti Timberlake and Michener Timberlake, U.C.R.). Shavers Well, 3 mi. N., 3 c?, (Pl. 21, fig. 96; pl. 22, fig. 105) 9, IV-9-52 (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). San Bernardino Co.: Vidal Junction, 7 mi. N., Proteriudes boharti Timberlake and Michener, 4 9, IV-3-51 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). Cronese 1950, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 33:429, 6. Valley, 9, IV-4-53 (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). Type 6, Carrville, Trinity County, California, San Diego Co.: Borego, 6, 9, IV-8-39 (Timber- 2,400 to 2,500 ft. (Calif. Acad. Sci.). lake and Michener, 1950:433); 66, 17 ?, 11131- Geographic range: California (see map 76). 53, flowers Cryptantha burbigera (P.D. Hurd, Jr., Ca 1if orn ia records : C.I.S.); c$ 3 9, IV-2-53, same flowers (P. D. Trinity Co.: Carrville, 2,400-2,500 ft., 4 VI- Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 4 6, 2 ?, IV-2-53, flowers C. 18-34 (Timberlake and Michener, 1950:430). angustifolia (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). Borego Little Bear Gulch, c?, V-31-51 (A. T. McClay, Valley, 2 9, V-2-52, flowers C. angustifolia (P. C.I.S. 1. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Discuss ion : Discussion: P. boharti is distinguishable at once from all This is a robust, medium-size species with other known Proteriades, except cuudex, by the abundant pale pubescence. It is at least super- male posterior coxae, the inner ventral carina ficially similar to bidenticauda in having two of each of which is expanded posteriorly into teeth on the seventh metasomal tergum of the a lamella. This species differs from caudex by male (pl. 22, fig. 104). It seems probable, in the absence of a large protuberance on the first view of the differences between both males and stern um. females, that this condition arose independently in the two species and that the bidentate male metasoma does not indicate close relationship. Proteriades deserticola Timberlake and Michener In deserticola, the two teeth are separated by a (Pl. 22, fig. 104) broad crescentiform emargination and in bidenticauda by an equally broad quadrate emargination. The female of deserticola has a very distinctive Proteriades deserticola Timberlake and Michener, clypeal margin somewhat similar to that of euunsi, 1950, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 33:430, 4 8. but with the median lobe less arched and more Type 2, Palm Springs, Riverside County, projecting over the base of the labrum, so that California, flowers Crypiantha barbigera the margin is about equally produced at sides (Timberlake collection, U.C.R.). and in the middle. 150 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Small series of this species from seven miles intermedia (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Perris, north of Vidal Junction, San Bernardino County, 3 mi. W., 2 6, IV-20-39, flowers Cryptantha inter- and three miles north of Shavers Well, Riverside media (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). San Jacinto County, and a single female from Palm Springs, River, San Jacinto Mountains, 4,000 ft., (Timber- Riverside County, and another single female from lake and Michener, 1950:436). Temecula, 2 ?, Cronese Valley, San Bernardino County, differ IV-24-51 (E. I. Schlinger, U.C.D.). Temecuia, from typical deserticola in having the median 6 mi. E., 2 9, V-7-36, flowers Cryptantha inter- apical part of the female clypeus three toothed, media (Timberlake and Michener, 1950:436, suggesting the three larger processes of the U.C.R.). The Gavilan (Timberlake and Michener, female of semirubra. These specimens are prob- 1950436); 9, IV-17-38, 2 3, V-4-38, 9, VI-2-38, ably variants of deserticola; no differences are 6, 7 9, IV-20-39, 9, IV-14-40, 2 9, IV-18-40, evident in males or in other characteristics. 2 9, IV-30-40, 6 IV-10-46, 9, IV-16-51, all on Some of the fernales collected at Borego, Sari flowers Cryptantha intermedia (P. H. Timberlake,, Diego County, on April 2, 1953, were taken as U.C.R.); 9, V-17-51 (E. I. Schlinger, U.C.D.). they were entering or leaving burrows in hard- Riverside (Timberlake and Michener, 1950:436); packed sandy loam soil. One of the burrows that 5 9, IV-634, 9, V-5-34, 2 8, 12 8, V-8-35, 9, was excavated extended downward for six and V-21-35, 4 V-4-36, 9, V-6-37, 4 VIII-5-37, 3, one-half inches and had one cell with a partly VIII-6-37, 8, IV-15-38, 5 8, V-6-38, 6 d", IV-5-39, provisioned pollen mass. This female had been 3 9, V-2-39, 6, IV-10.45, all on flowers Csypiantha observed to make two trips to a near-by patch of internkdia (P. H. Timberlake U.C.R.); 9, VII- Cryptantha barbigera in a half hour. 10-36 (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.); 9, V-13-50, flowers Eriophyllum multicaule (P. H. Timberlake,U.C.R.). San Benito Co.: Pinnacles National Monument, 9, IV-24-48 (Timberlake and Michener, 1950:436). Pmteriades serniruha (Cockerell) San Bernardho Co.: Mill Creek, San Bernardino (Pl. 21, figs. 97, 99; pl. 22, fig. 102) Mountains, 4,400 ft., 9, V-30-38, flowe'rs Cryptan- tha intermedia (Timberlake and Michener, 1950 Heriades semirubm Cockerell, 1838, Trans. Amer. 436, U.C.R.). Redlands, 9, V-15-36 (Timberlake Ent. SOC., 25:198, 8. Type 8, southern Cali- and Michener, 1950436, K.U.). Verdemont, 3, fornia (Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.). V-17-46, flowers Cryptantha intermedia (Timber- Geographic range: California (see map 76). lake and Michener, 1950436, U.C.R.). California records: San Diego Co.: La Mesa, 8, 111-30-53 (F. X. Fresno Co.: Coalinga (Timberlake and Mich- Williams, C.A.S.). Ramona, 3 9, IV-19-50 (E. G. ener, 1950:436); near same locality, 8, VI-8-41 Linsley, C.I.S., K.U.). Warner Springs, 9, V-9-36, (R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.). flowers Cryptantha intermedia (Timberlake and Los Angeles Co.: Newhall (Timberlake and Michener, 1950:436, U.C.R.). Michener, 1950:436); 8, 2 9, IV-20-40 (R. M. San Luis Obispo Co.: Atascadero, 9, (Timber- Bohart, G.E.B.). Tanbark Flat, San Dimas Ex- lake and Michener, 1950436). perimental Forest, ?, VI-16-50 (J. C. Hall, Discussion: U.C.D.); 9, VI-21-50 (J. C. Hall, C.I.S.); 2 9, This species may be immediately recognized VI-22-50 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S., If.U.1; 9, same in the female by the two long fingerlike processes data (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.); 9, VI-23-50 (J. W. projecting downward from the clypeal margin. MacSwain, C.I.S.); 9, VI-25-50 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., The male is far less distinctive, but can be K.U.); 2 9, same data (J. W. MacSwaia, C.I.S.); recognized by the small median prominence of 9, VI-29-52 (J. W. MacSwah, C.I.S.). the clypeal margin (a feature shared with deserti- Monterey Co.: Jamesburg, Snta Lucia Moun- cola), which has the apex of the male metasoma tains, a,as late as June 4, 99, as late as June bidentate (pl. 22, fig. 102). 8 (Timberlake and Michener, 1950:436). Timberlake and Michener (1950436) state that Riverside Co.: Andreas Canyon near Palm at Riverside it frequents spots only where C*ypt- Springs (Timberlake and Michener, 1950436). mtba intermedia is growing, and the female Mt. San Jacinto, 4,000 ft., 8, 3 9, VI-6-42 (R. M. obtains its pollen exclusively from the flowers Bohart, G.E.B.). Palm Springs, 2 6, IV-16-39 of this plant. All the specimens examined, and (R. M. Bohart, G.E.B., U.C.D.). Perris (Timber- for which complete flower records exist, were on lake and Michener, 1950:436). Perris, 1% mi. W., Cryptaniba intennedia; some labeled as "Cryp- 6, IV-27-38, 4 9, V-18-39, 9, IV-7-40, 9, III- tantha" may have been taken on other species 27-46, 8, V-14-48, all on flowers Cryptantha of the genus. THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 151

Pzoteriades evansi Michener K.U.); 9, same data (F. X. Williams, C.A.S.); 2 8, 5 9, VI-25-50 (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.,K.IJ.); Ptotetiades evansi Michener, 1936, Bull. So. 8, same data (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.1.S.); 6, 9, same Calif. Acad. Sci., 35:92, 9. Type 9, Lloyds data (F. X. Williams, C.A.S.); 9, VII-2-50 (P. D. (Sierra Nevada Mountains), Tulare County, Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 9, VII-5-50 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., California (Calif. Acad. Sci.). C.I.S.); 2 9, VII-10-50 (F. X. Williams, C.A.S.); Geographic range: California (see map 76). 2 9, VII-1-52 (Joan Linsley, C.I.S.); 9, VII-5-52 California records: (R. M. Bohart, U.C.D.); 9, same data (A. A. Kern Co.: Woody, 2 9, IV-24-49(E. G. Linsley, Greigarick, U.C.D.); 4 9, same data (H. L. C.I.S., K.U.). Mathis, U.C.D.); 4 5 9, same data (S. Miyagawa, Tulare Co.: Coffee Geek, 5 9, VI-11-25, U.C.D.); 2 9, same data (J. F. Powers, U.C.D., flowers Cryptantha flaccida (Timberlake and U.C.L.A.); 3 9, VII-13-52 (J. W. MacSwain, Michener, 195&434). C.I.S.); 16 9, VII-16-52 (A. T. McClay, U.C.D.). Discussion: Madera Co.: Midway, 3,000 ft. (Timberlake P. evansi is most closely related to deserti- and Michener, 1950:438). cola from which it differs, among other characters, Mariposa Co.: Mariposa, 9, VI-7-40 (T. H. G. in the less extensive red areas, the acute inner Aitken, B. Brookman, M. A. Cazier, U.C.D.). Big mandibular tooth, and the unproduced median Meadows, Yosemite National Park, 3,880-4,000 apical part of the clypeus which does not over- ft., 3 8, VI-1-38 (R. M. Bohart, G.E.B., U.C.D., hang the base of the labrum. The male of this U.C.L.A.). Yosemite National Park, 3,880-4,000 species is unknown. ft., 3 8, 2 9, V-25-38, males on flowers Cryptantha (R. M. Bohart,G.E.B., U.C.D.); 3 4 2 9, V-31-38 (Timberlake and Michener, 1950:438, G.E.B.). proteriades jacintana (Cockerell) Mono Co.: Rock Creek, 8,500 ft., 2 6, 3 8, (Pl. 21, figs. 98, 100; pl: 22, fig. 110) VI-23-37 (Timberlake and Michener, 1950:439, K.U.). Chelostoma (Cephalapis) jacintana Cockerell, Monterey Co.: Jamesburg, Santa Lucia Moun- 1910, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (8) 5:23, 8. Type tains, V-22-38 (Timberlake and Michener, 1950: 4 Kensworthy, San Jacinto Mountains, Cali- 438, K.U.). Bryson, 6, V-18-20 (E. P. Van Duzee, f orn ia (Timber lake collection, U. C. R .). C.A.S.). Geographic range: California, Oregon (see map Riverside Co. :. Ortega Highway overlooking 75). Elsinore (Timberlake and Michener, 1950:438). Calif orn ia records: Riverside (Timberlake and Michener, 1950438). Alameda Co.: Midway, 9, V-24-36 (E. S. Ross, Keen Camp, 9, VI-3-39, flowers Cryptantha inter- K SJ.). media (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 6, ?, V-10.39 Inyo Co.: Big Pine Geek, 7,500 ft., (Timber- (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.); 5 6 8, V-16-39 (E. G. lake and Michener, 1950:439); 5 6, 2 2, VI-12-42, Linsley, C.I.S.). l’he Gavilan, 9, IV-16-50, 2 9, VI-1642, 2 8 VI-17-42, 3 8, 5 9, VI-20-42 flowers Cryptantha intermedia (P. H. Timberlake, (R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.). Lone Pine Geek, 6,500 U.C.R.); 2 8, V-8-50, flowers Cryptantha znter- ft., 8, V-19-47 (R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.). media (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Saunders Los Angeles Co.: Arroyo Seco, 4 8, VI-25-40 Meadow, San Jacinto Mountains, 9, V-25-39 (B. (J. W. MacSwain, c.I.s.). Claremont, 9, V-4-45, Brookman, C.I.S.). Ribbonwood (Timberlake and flowers Cryptantha intermedia (Timberlake and Michener, 1950:438); 6, V-2639 (E. S. Ross, Michener, 1950438, U.C.R.). Crystal Lake, San C.I.S.). Herkey Geek (Timberlake and Michener, Gabriel Mountains, 4,700 ft., 9, VII-3.52 (R. M. 1950:438); 6 VI-12-39 (B. Brookman, C.I.S.); Bohart, U.C.D.). Eagle Rock, 9, V-9-36 (Timber- 8,VI-11-39 (E. S. Ross, C.I.S.). Hemet Reservoir, lake and Michener, 1950438, K.U.). La Crescenta, 8, VI-13-39 (E. S. Ross, C.I.S.). Idyllwild, 4 9, IV-13-36 (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.). Newhall, 3 V-25-39 (E. G. Linsley, C.1.S.h 8 2 9, V-26-39 6, 3, IV-20-40 (Timberlake and Michener, 1950: (E. S. ROSS,C.I.S., K.U.); 2 8, VI-13-41 (E. C. 438). Tanbark Flat, San Dimas Experimental Van Dyke, C.A.S., K.U.); 4 9, VI-15-41 (E. C. Forest, 9, VI-19-50 (J.W. MacSwain, K.U.); 6 Van Dyke, C.A.S., K.U.); 9, VI-16-41 (E. C. Van VI-2650 flowers Eriogonum (W. C. Bentinck, Dyke, K.U.); 2 2, VI-18-41 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.I.S.); 9, V-20.50 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.1.S.k 5 9, K.U.). Mount Sanm Rosa, 7,500 ft., 2 8, 9, V1-8- VI-22-50, flowers Ctyptum8ha (P. D. Hurd, Jr., 40, flowers Cryptantha micruntha (P. H. Timber- C.I.S., K.U.); 2 9, VI-23-50 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., lake, U.C.R.); 8, VI-8-40 (C. D. Michener, C.I.S.).

I 152 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Plate 10. Lateral view of Ashmeadiella cali/ornica (Ashmead), male. THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 153

Stone Creek, Keen Camp, 4,000 ft., 8, 9, VI-21 Genus Ashmeadiella Cockerell and 22-40, flowers Cryptantha mwicata var. denticdata (Timberlake and Michener, 1950:438). Poppet Flat, 2 mi. E., San Jacinto Mountains This is a large, strictly American genus related (Timberlake and Michener, 1950:438). Vandevanter to Anthocopa but differing from that genus, as Flat, 2 9, VI-4-40, flowers Cryptantha (Timber- well as from all our other megachilines, by the lake ani Michener, 1950438, O.S.C.). Mt. San presence of a carina separating the shining, Jacinto, 4,000 ft., 3, 3 9, V-28-39 (R. M. Bohart, weakly punctate anterior face of each mesepister- G.E.B.,U.C.L.A.); 3 C?, 9, VI-6-42 (R. M. Bohart, num from the more coarsely punctate lateral face G.E.B.). Pition Flat, San Jacinto Mountains, 9, (pl. 2, fig. 2). A more noticeable character in IV-21-53 (F. X. Williams, C.A.S.). Banning, 8, the males is the strongly quadridentate sixth V-28-28 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.). metasomal tergum (pl. 24, figs. 132-141). The San Benito Co.: Pinnacles National Monument, species of Ashmeadiella are of small to moderate 8 c?, IV-24-48 (Timberlake and Michener, 1950: size, robust in form, and nonmetallic. The first 438). metasomal tergum has the anterior face broadly San Bernardino Co.: San Bernardino, 9, V-28- concave and bounded by a carina. 36 (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.). Deep Creek, 9, V-P The genus Ashmeadiella was revised by 36 (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.). Mill Creek, San Michener (1939). Since that time a few new Bernardino Mountains, 4,400-4,700 ft., 4 8, 13 9, species have been described and a few nomen- V-30-37, flowers Cryptantha intermedia (Timber- clatorial changes made. These are indicated lake and Michener, 1950:438, U.C.R.). Mill Creek, under the appropriate species below. San Bernardino Mountains, 4,800 ft., 3, 2 9, The genus Ashmeadiella ranges from Canada V-13-40, flowers C. intermedia (P. H. Timberlake, to southern Mexico and from the Atlantic to the U.C.R.). Seven Oaks, San Bernardino Mountains, Pacific. However, it is common only in the more 2 9, VI-14-50, flowers C. intermedia (P. H. or less arid parts of the continent. In spite of Timberlake, U.C.R.). Forest Home (Timberlake its abundance in many places, little is known of and Michener, 1950:438). its nesting habits. Some species (A. califomica San Diego Co.: Warner's Hot Springs, (Timber- californica, A. aridula astragali) nest in twigs lake and Michener, 1950:438). or stalks of plants. A. femorata has been reared Trinity Co.: Carrville, 2,400-2,500 ft., 9, VI- from a nest of Pseudomasasis, one section of 18-34, 8, V-21-34 (Timberlake and Michener, which must have been taken over by the bee. An 1950:439, G.E.B.). Coffee Geek, C?, VI-7-34 undetermined species was apparently reared from (Timberlake and Michener, 1%0:438, G.E.B.). the shell of a snail in Texas. Dis cussion : Although most species of Ashmeadiella fly Timberlake and Michener (1950:439) state principally in spring and early summer, some that the flower visited in southern California is remain active well into the fall. For example, A. usually Cryptantha intermedia, but it also has californica has been collected at Riverside, been collected on C. micrantha var. Iepida. The California, from April 11 to November 1. Other flower records for the more northern collections species, principally the oligotropic forms in the are given as Cryptantha. These authors state more specialized subgenera, have relatively re- that the dates of collection for males range from stricted seasons of flight in any one place, April 20 to June 23, for the females from April although climatic variations connected with 20 to July 5. differences of altitude and latitude may give In the collection of the University of Cali- them a rather long season from the standpoint fornia, Davis, there are two specimens (male of the entire range. and female) from Copco, Jackson County, Oregon, The species of the genus have widely dif- which were collected by C. Fitch on June 1, ferent flower-visiting' habits. Certain forms, 1951. This record is the first for that state of perhaps the majority of those in the subgenus the genus Proteriades. Ashmeadiella, s. str., visit flowers of many This species is very easily recognized by species of plants. For example, bigelouiae is its elongate form, broad genal areas, the keeled found regularly on flowers of several families, clypeus, the large and virtually tridentate male and bucconis and caliiotnica visit many Com- mandibles (fig. 100). and the long and nearly positae. However, opuntiae appears to be oligo- straight margin between the upper two teeth of tropic on cactus, and prosopidis on Prosopis. In the female mandibles (fig. 98). the other subgenera, the majority of the species 154 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY seem to be restricted in their regular pollen- small legumes such as Lotus and Astragalus; collecting visits to a single genus of plants. For salviae, Salvia; and australis, Penstemon. example, erema visits chiefly Dalea; timberlakei,

Key to the Subgenera of Asbmeadiella Males4 Mandibles tridentate ...... Chilosima (p. 213) Mandibles bidentate ...... 2 Lateral margins of sixth metasomal tergum distinctly and rather evenly convex throughout, lateral teeth broad, apices nearly right angles ...... Cubitognatba(p. l95,215), Corythochila(p. 195, 211), Arogochila (p. 195) Lateral margins of sixth tergum straight, feebly convex, or sinuate; lateral teeth with apices usually acute ...... As,hmeadiella (p. 155), Titusella (p. 155, 192) Females Outer side of mandible, measured along lower carina, more than twice as long as scape; clypeus, if produced over base of labrum, not truncate, or if so with margins laterad to ends of truncation, sinuate or l0be65...... 2 Outer side of mandible, measured along lower carina, at most twice as long as scape; clypeus produced well over base of labrum, its apex with the usual truncation (sometimes concave) found in many other small megachilines. (Clypeus usually punctate throughout; mandibles tridentate) ...... AslJmeadiella (p. 155) Mandibles rather slender, distance from first tooth to inner apical angle less than half length ofmandible...... 3 Apices of mandibles greatly broadened, distance from first tooth to inner apical angle at least half length of mandible. (Clypeus in California species partly impunctate) ...... Titusella (p. 192) Mandibles not elbowed, three- or four-toothed; clypeus punctured throughout , upper margin not protuberant ...... 4 Mandibles elbowed, bidentate; clypeus impunctate, upper margin protuberant (pl. 24, fig. 129) ...... Cub itognatha (p. 2 15) Clypeus with apex irregularly rounded or not produced much beyond lower ends of eyes, in the latter case with strong lateral angles; mandibles quadridentate (except in occasional specimens of A. rhodognatha) ...... 5 Clypeus with apical margin produced and usually variously lobate, the minimum projection being a median, abruptly projecting truncation on either side of which is a shoulder (foxiellu, pl. 23, fig. 116) or small lobe (leacbi); mandibles usually tridentate ...... Arogochila(p. 195) Apex of clypeus broadly, irregularly rounded, without lateral angles, produced well below lower ends of eyes (pl. 24, fig. 128) ...... Chilosima(p. 213) Apex of clypeus with prominent, projecting lateral angles, scarcely produced below lower ends of eyes (pl. 24, figs. 126, 127) ...... Corythochila (p. 211)

4The male of the subgenus Chitognatha has the lateral margins of the sixth metasomal tergum less strongly convex than in Amgochila and might be run to Ashmeadiella and Titusella. It differs from males of Asbmeadiella and Titusella in the strongly emarginate apex of the labrum. In the keys to species, that to males of Arogocbila includes also the species of Corythochila. whereas the key to the males of Ashmeadiella proper includes also the males of Titusella. 'Except in A, (7'itusella) biscopda Michener from Arizona, in which the clypeus is somewhat produced over the labrum and has what may be considered a very broad truncation. THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 155

Subgenus Ashmeadiella Cockerel1 num bears a transverse depression which is usually more coarsely and less closely punctate F'emales of this subgenus may be easily recog- than the rest of the sternum. nized by the somewhat produced, truncated This is the largest and most widely distributed clypeus, similar to that of females of many subgenus of Ashmeadiella. It contains numerous Osmia (subgenera Acanthosmioides and Noth- closely related species and differentiation of osmia), with a pair of brushes of orange hair them is at times difficult. A considerable number beneath the margin. In all known species of this of specimens remain unidentified in collections subgenus, the apex of the labrum is rounded, and because it seems undesirable to describe new the hypostomal carinae are low and unmodified. species from only one or two specimens, and The mandibles are relatively short and robust, because as more material is collected it some- twice as long as the antennal scape or slightly times is possible to place these odd specimens less. In most species the sixth metasomal ster- as variants of previously known forms.

Key to the California Species of the Subgenus Ashmeadiella

Males

(Including those of the Subgenus Titusella)

1. Proboscis short, not extending beyond proboscidial fossa in repose; maxillary palpi very short, shorter than basal width of galea; tarsi testaceous to reddish brown .... 2 Proboscis normal, extending well beyond proboscidial fossa in repose; maxillary palpi longer than basal width of galea; tarsi usually concolorous with rest of legs ...... 3 :1). Anterior ocellus with anterior margin at mid-point between antennal bases and posterior edge of vertex; posterior ocellus, seen in profile, with horizontal space twice its diameter behind it, before vertex begins to slope steeply posteriorly; maxillary palpi four segmented ...... altadenae (p. 166) Anterior ocellus well behind mid-point between antennal bases and posterior edge of vertex; posterior ocellus seen in profile with horizontal space as wide as its diameter behind it, before vertex begins to slope steeply posteriorly; maxillary palpi two-segmented ...... rufitarsis (p. 166) 3(1). Hind tibial spurs short, robust, and rather strongly curved, inner one with about three coarse teeth on outer side. (Median teeth of sixth metasomal tergum considerably longer than basal widths) ...... 4 Hind tibial spurs longer, more slender, straight or little curved, with numerous fine teeth. . 5 4(3). Tegulae light rufotestaceous ...... titusi (p. 172) Tegulae infuscated ...... fernorata (p. 170) 5(3). Median teeth of sixth metasomal tergum short, less than one and one-half times as long as broad (as in pl. 24, fig. 134); median concavity of sixth tergum usually shorter than a semicircle ...... 6 Median teeth of sixth metasomal tergum long, one and onehalf times as long as broad (as in pl. 24, fig. 137) except in some cases where they are broadened basally; median concavity of sixth tergum longer than a semicircle ...... 14 6(5). Metasoma and legs black to brown, or if legs partly red, metasoma also partly red ... 7 Metasoma black or nearly so; legs with considerable red coloration. ..bigeloviae(p. 172) 7(6). Anterior ocellus slightly (or considerably) closer to posterior margin of vertex than to antennal bases (pl. 24, fig. 130); body less coarsely punctate ...... 8 Anterior ocellus slightly (or considerably) farther from posterior margin of vertex than from antennal bases (fig. 131); body very coarsely punctate ...... bucconis (p. 166) BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Upper part of clypeus with punctures much finer than those of frons ...... 9 Upper part of clypeus with punctures nearly as coarse as those of frons or coarser . . 12 Anterior ocellus with anterior margin behind mid-point between antennal bases and posterior margin of vertex (as illustrated in pl. 24, fig. 130) ...... 10 Anterior ocellus with anterior margin at mid-point between antennal bases and posterior margin of vertex ...... (Titusella) cubiceps (p. 192) Mesoscutal punctures not coarser than those of vertex and rarely separated by as much as a puncture width; anterior margin of mesoscutum without dense pubescence or with a pair of densely pubescent spots ...... 11 Mesoscutal punctures markedly coarser than those of vertex and separated by almost their diameters; anterior margin of mesoscutum with a broad transverse band of dense white pubescence ...... Zeucozonn (p. 177) ll(10). Shortest distance between eyes about two-thirds the length of an eye; metasoma without red areas ...... prosopidis (p. 161) Shortest distance between eyes more than two-thirds the .-ngth of an eye; metasoma, in California subspecies, partly red ...... gizlettei (p. 179) 12(8). Punctation of upper part of clypeus about as coarse as the punctation of frons .... 13 Punctures of upper part of clypeus coarser than the fine and extraordinarily dense punctation of frons ...... foveata (p. 177) 13(12). Genal areas at least two-thirds as wide as eye seen from side; front part of mesoscutum much more finely punctate than rear part, punctures of latter as coarse as those of vertex ...... cockereili(p. 192) Genal areas little more than half as wide as eye seen from side; front part of mesoscutum not much more finely punctate than rear part, punctures of latter finer than those of vertex ...... cactorum (p. 159) 14(5). Distance from posterior ocelli to posterior edge of vertex hardly more than and often less than distance between posterior ocelli ...... 15 Distance from posterior ocelli to posterior edge of vertex nearly one and one-half, or more, times distance between posterior ocelli ...... opunriae (p. 192) 15(14). Median ocellus much less than twice as far from antennal bases as from posterior edge of vertex; length 5 mm. or more ...... 16 Median ocellus about twice as far from antennal bases as from posterior edge of vertex (fig. 130); length 4.5 mm. or less ...... sonora (p. 163) lb(l5). Legs dark (or hind femora sometimes red in diJugitu); mesoscutum without band of dense white pubescence across front margin ...... 17 Legs largely red; mesoscutum with broad anterior transverse band of dense white pubescence ...... rufipes(p. 175) 6). Hairs in vicinity of subapical angle of genital coxopodite about as long as width of coxopodite at that point; body usually more finely punctate ...... 18 Hairs in vicinity of subapical angle of coxopodite about half as long as width of coxopodite at that point; body usually more coarsely punctate ...... 19 7). Clypeus about as coarsely punctate as frons, the two projections of apical margin separated by distance nearly equal to distance from one of them to eye margin; hind femora sometimes red...... difugita (p. 180) Clypeus usually more finely punctate than frons, the two projections of apical margin less widely separated; hind femora black ...... califomi cu (p. 186) 19(17). Tegulae pale brown or testaceous; punctures of upper part of clypeus finer than those of frons ...... ariduZu (p. 183) Tegulae black or nearly so; punctures of upper part of clypeus as coarse as those of frons ...... meliloti (p. 182) THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 157 Females

Proboscis short, not extending beyond proboscidial fossa in repose; maxillary palpi very short, shorter than basal width of galea, tarsi testaceous to reddish brown .... 2 Proboscis normal, extending well beyond proboscidial fossa in repose; maxillary palpi longer than basal width of galea; tarsi usually concolorous with rest of legs ...... 3 Maxillary palpi two-segmented; clypeal punctation similar to that of frons .rufitarsis (p 166) Maxillary palpi four-segmented; clypeal truncation much finer than that of frons ...... altadenae (p. 166) Anterior margin of clypeus with shining, smooth, or somewhat roughened, apical margin . 4 Anterior part of clypeus finely and closely punctate, without smooth apical margin. (Meso- scutum more finely punctate than vertex) ...... cactoncm (p. 159) Anterior ocellus at or behind mid-point between bases of antennae and posterior margin of vertex (pl, 24, fig. 130); truncation of clypeus not sinuate ...... 5 Anterior ocellus in front of mid-point between bases of antennae and posterior margin of vertex (pl. 24, fig. 131); truncation of clypeus slightly sinuate because of weak notch on either side of middle ...... bucconis (p. 166) Truncation of clypeus equal to or shorter than distance from end of truncation to lateral angle of clypeus (pl. 24, fig. 113); end of truncation narrowly rounded ...... 6 Truncation of clypeus longer than distance from end of truncation to lateral angle of clypeus (pl. 24, fig. 114); ends of clypeal truncation marked by small but slightly produced angles ...... opuntiae (p. 192) Genal area narrower than eye, seen from side ...... 7 Genal area as wide as eye, seen from side. (Distance from first to third mandibular tooth greater than length of last three antennal segments taken together) . . cali/omica(p. 186) Hind tibial spurs short, robust, and curved; outer margin of inner spur with about six very large teeth. (Posterior femora usually red) ...... 8 Hind tibial spurs longer, slender, little curved; outer margin of inner spur with eight or more fine teeth or with teeth very low and oblique ...... 9 Clypeal truncation distinctly angularly emarginate; middle femora black; tibial spurs black ...... femorata (p. 170) Clypeal truncation slightly, evenly concave; middle femora red; tibial spurs red ...... titusi(p. 172) Punctures of mesoscutum separated by less, usually much less, than a puncture width . 10 Punctures of mesoscutum large and separated by more than a puncture width ...... leucozona (p. 177) Legs partly red (at least hind femora); metasoma black ...... 11 Legs black, or if partly red, metasoma also partly red ...... 13 ll(10). Distance between posterior ocelli greater than distance to eye margin; middle femora red; anterior margin of mesoscutum with pair of densely pubescent spots or broad densely pubescent band...... 12 Distance between posterior ocelli equal to distance to eye margin; middle femora black; anterior margin of mesoscutum without densely pubescent areas ....dzfugita(p. 180) 12(11). Clypeus with somewhat shiny apical margin of truncation rather broad and roughened by shallow depressions; punctation coarse ...... bigelouiae (p. 172) Clypeus with apical margin of truncation very narrowly smooth and appearing minutely reflexed; punctation fine ...... rufipes (p. 175) lS(l0). Sixth metasomal sternum without a transverse depression or with a shallow one which is not so coarsely pitted; posterior part of sixth sternum finely punctured like rest of body . 14 158 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Map 77. Distribution of Ashmeadiella cactorum (Cockerell), the subspecies basal is indicated by open circles; and the subspecies cactorum by solid circles. THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 159

Sixth metasomal sternum with a broad, deep, transverse depression, the surface of which is exceedingly coarsely pitted; smooth surface with scattered pits reaching posterior margin of sternum at least medially...... foueata (p. 177) 1413). Genal area over half width of eye seen from side; polished area of propodeum smaller so that punctures nearly reach sides of at least the sublateral propodeal pits .... 15 Genal area half the width of eye or less seen from side; polished area of propodeum large so that punctured areas do not approach sides of median pit or lower sublateral pits of propodeum ...... senora (p. 163) 15(14). Distance between posterior ocelli not much greater than distance from one of them to eye margin; more robust species with finer punctation, usually without irregular smooth spaces among punctures of depression of sixth sternum ...... 16 Distance between posterior ocelli usually markedly greater than distance from one of them to eye margin; slender black species with coarse punctation, ordinarily with rather extensive irregular polished areas (some of them about a puncture width in diameter) among coarse punctures of depcession of sixth metasomal sternum ....ptosopidis(p. 161) 16( 15). Metasoma black; sixth sternum with concavity shallow, usually not broader (measured along axis of insect) than convexity behind it...... 17 Metasoma largely red (in California subspecies); sixth metasomal sternum wjth transverse concavity distinct, rather deep, and broader (measured along long axis of insect) than convexity behind it ...... gillettei (p. 177) 17( 16). Mesoscutum rather coarsely punctured with more shining space between punctures; punctures of upper part of clypeus not or scarcely coarser than those of frons ...... 18 Mesoscutum more finely and densely punctured; punctures of upper part of clypeus much coarser than those of frons. (In known specimens of the subspecies which runs here, the clypeal truncation has a small median emargination demarked by projecting angles) ...... di/ugzta (p. 180) 18(17). Tegulae black; clypeus more convex above, its coarsest punctures as large as those of mesoscutum ...... meliloti (p. 182) Tegulae testaceous; clypeus flatter, its coarsest punctures much finer than those of mesoscutum ...... an'duIa(p. 183)

AshmeadieZZa cactorum (Cockerell) of which can be separated from all other Cali- fornia Ashmendiella by the absence of the usual Heriades cactorum Cockerell, 1897, Ann. Mag. impunctate anterior margin of the clypeus. The Nat. Hist. (6) 20:140, 9. clypeal punctation becomes progressively finer Geographic range: Arizona, British Columbia, toward the entirely dull margin. The male posses- California, Colorado, Montana, Mexico, Oregon, ses no such distinctive feature, but among the Texas, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming (see small species cactomm is the only one in which map 77). the upper part of the clypeus is as coarsely Discussion: punctate as the rest of the face or more coarsely This is the species listed as curriez Titus in s 0. the revision (Michener, 1937). The name cactorum The sixth metasomal sternum of the female is is now known to be PO older name for the same slightly depressed and coarsely punctate basally, species (see Michener, 1742). more finely and closely punctate in the convex A. cactorum is a small species, the female apical half of the sternum.

Key to the Subspecies of Asbmeadiella cactorum

1. Metasoma black ...... cactotum (p. 160) Metasoma red basally ...... basalis (p. 160) 160 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Ashmeadiella cactorum cactorum (Cockerell) Throughout its range, this subspecies varies (PI. 24, fig. 112) considerably. From Texas to the deserts of southern California, most of the specimens have Heriades cactorurn Cockerell, 1897, Ann. Mag. the tegulae brownish and the mesoscutum con- Nat. Hist., (6) 20:140, $. Type $, Santa Fe, spicuously more finely punctate than the vertex. New Mexico (U.S.N.M.). North of this region, that' is, from Colorado and Synonymy: curriei Titus, 1904; echinocerei Idaho to British Columbia and northern California, Cockerell, 1911;6 nigta Michener, 1936. the mesoscutum is usually about as coarsely Geographic range: Arizona, British Columbia, punctured as the vertex. The name curriei Titus California, Colorado, Montana, Mexico, New might be used for this northern form. However, Mexico, Oregon, Texas, Utah, Washington, the two merge indistinguishably, and an anoma- and Wyoming (see map 77). lous situation exists because the southernmost California records: known specimens (San Bernardo, Sonora) have Inyo Co.: Bishop, 9, VII-28-40 (D. E. Hardy, the mesoscutum as coarsely punctured as the K.U.). Bishop Creek, 8,000 ft., VI-22-37, flowers vertex. For this reason, only a single black sub- Nama rothrockii (Michener, 1939:16). Independ- species of cactorum is here recognized. Popula- ence, 2 9,VI-1-37 (W. C. Reeves, U.C.R.). Little tions of particularly finely punctured specimens Lake, 4 VII-25-40 (D. E. Hardy, K.U.). Lone occur in the Sierra Nevada of California. Pine Canyon, 8,000 ft., 6, 9, flowers Cryptantha In Arizona cactorum proper has been collected (Michener, 1739:16). Mazourka Canyon, Inyo on flowers of Asclepias tuberosa at Flagstaff; Mountains, V-25-37 (Michener, 1937:16). on Ceuntia at Carrizo Creek and Flagstaff; and Lassen Co.: Bridge Creek Camp, 9, VII-9-49 on blue Penstemon at Flagstaff. In Oregon it (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). has been taken on flowers of Phacelia at Crater Mono Co.: Mammoth, VI-21-36 (Michener, 1939: Lake. In Texas it has been recorded (Michener, 16); 9,VII-21-36 (G.E.B.). 1951:s) from flowers of Dalea argyraea at 25 Plumas 20.: Bucks Lake, 6, VI-23-47 (J. W. miles southeast of Dryden and on D. pogonatheru MacSwain, C.I.S.). Quincy, 4 mi. W., $!, VI-25-49 at Quemada. (F. Morishita, U.I.). Riverside Co.: Dos Palmos, 9, 111-28-34 (Michener, 1739:16). Ashmeadiella cactorum basalis Michener San Bernardino Co.: Cedar Canyon, Providence Mountains, 9, V-27-50 (H. E. Cott, U.C.D.). As hmeadie 1 la basal is bas a 1is Miche ner , 173 6, Shasta Co.: Mt. Lassen, 4 VII-21 to 22-37 Amer. Mus, Novitates, 875:6, 6, q. Type 6, (Michener, 1937:16, U.C.R.). Altadena, California (Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.). Trinity Co.: Big Flat, Coffee Creek, 6, VI- Geographic range: California (see map 77). 20-34 (Michener, 1939:16, G.E.B.). Carrville, California records: 2,400-2,500 ft., $, VI-1934 (G. E. Bohart, G.E.B.). Alameda Co.: Arroyo Mocho, 25 mi. S., Liver- Tuolumne Co.: Dodge Ridge, r$ VII-15-51 more, &, VII-3@47 (J. E. Gillaspy, K.U.). (A. T. McClay, C.I.S.). Pinecrest, & VII-18-53 Inyo Co.: Surprise Canyon, 2 9, IV-28-53, (J. G. Rozen, C.I.S.). Strawberry, 9, VI-23-51 flowers Dalea fremontii (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); (C. A. Downing); 9, VI-21-51 (E. G. Linsley and 2 6, IV-27-53, flowers Cryptantha inaequata (P. J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.);.g VI-23-53 (J. W. Mac D. Hurd, Jr., C1.S.). Westgard Pass, V-26-37 Swain, C.I.S.). (Michener, 1742:47); 3 9, VII-10-53, flowers Dis c us s ion: Cryptantha (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.); same locality, This is the widespread subspecies of cac- 3 mi. W., 2 4 6 9, VI-25-53 (J. W. MacSwain, tonrm, ranging east to Texas and north to British c .I.S .). Columbia. In California it occurs in the northern Los Angeles Co.: Big Pines Camp, VII-13-27, part of the state and in the arid regions east of VII-14-27, flowers Cordylanthus neuinii, Mirnulus, the principal divides, occasionally even in and Phacelia ramosissima (Michener, 1739:17). strictly desert regions. Lone Pine Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, 6,

6The name echinocerei Cockerell is a synonym of cactorm It was tentatively regarded as a distinct subspecies in 1939, but additional material from Arizona shows that the characters upon which it was recognized at that time vary too much within populations to be useful in subspecific recognition. THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 161

VII-21-36 (Michener, 1939:17, U.C.R.). Swartout ft., 3 8, VII-7-46, flowers Erigeron divergens Valley, 8, VI-3-28, flowers Phacelia heterophylla (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Mountain Home (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Creek, 11 9, VIII-14-34, flowers Phacelia Marin Co.: San Rafael, 2 9 (Michener, 1939: ramosissim (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 3 9, 17, U.C.R.). VIII-15-34, flowers Penstemon ternntus (P. H. Napa Co.: Wing Canyon, 950 ft., 8, &, VIII- Timberlake, U.C.R.). Rim of the World, 5 miles 10-35 (P. H. Baldwin, K.U.). from Big Bear Dam, 8, VII-6-34, flowers Cryptantha Placer Co.: Applegate, 8, VI-24-51 (J. C. (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Santa Ana River, Hall, U.C.D.). San Bernardino Mountains, 6,200 ft., VIII-23-52, Plums Co.: Quincy, 4 mi. W., 4 VI-22-49 flowers Cutierreziu cali/ornica (P. H. Timberlake, (W. F. Ehrhardt, U.C.D.); 6; 9, VI-24-49 (P. D. U.C.R.). Upper Santa Ana River, 9, VII-27-46 Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 9, VI-25-49 (F. Morishita, (G. H. and J. L. Sperry, K.U.). C.I.S.); 6, 9, VII-2-49 (J. E. Gillaspy, C.I.S., San Diego Co.: Descanso Junction and Japatul K.U.); 9, VII-3-49 (P. D. Hud, Jr., C.I.S.); 3 8, Road, 3, VIII-16-46, flowers Gutierrezia calilornia 9, VII-16-39 (R. M. Bohart, U.C.D.); 8 (E, VII- (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). 16-49 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S., K.U.). Santa Clara Co.: Searsville Lake, near Stanford Riverside Co.: Hidden Lake, San Jacinto University, VIII-2-37 (Michener, 1939:17). Mountains, 8, VII-23-28, flowers Lotus nevadensis Tulare Co.: Coffee Camp, VI-8-25, flowers (Michener, 1939:17, U.C.R.). Idyllwild, VII-14-12 Phacelia (Michener, 193917, U.C.R.). (Michener, 1939:17, U.C.R.); VII-12-33, flowers Yo10 Co.: Davis, 2 9,VI1-17-51 (E. I. Schling Lotus nrgopbyllus (Michener, 193917, U.C.R.); er, U.C.D.). VI-25-28 (Michener, 1939:17, C.A.S.). Palm Discussion: Springs, 3 mi. S., 9, VIII-29-51, flowers Chitopsis This subspecies is found in cismontane Iinearis (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Riverside, central and southern California. There are also 111-19 to V-28, flowers Encelia farinosa, Ho- apparently isolated populations of this form on sackia rosea, Hugelia virgata, Lotus glaber, L. some of the desert ranges (Clark, Inyo, and scoparius, and Phacelia mmosissima (Michener, Panamint mountains j of eastern California; these 1939:17, U.C.R.). Santa Rosa Mountain, 6,OOCL isolated populations are presumably surrounded 7,500 ft., V-31-40, VI-8-40, VI-16-40; flowers by populations of typical cactosum The situation Lotus davidsonii (Michener, 1 942:49, K.U.).Vande- is the more remarkable since in these locations vanter Flat, San Jacinto Mountains, 8, VI-11-39 the principal subspecific character is accen- (E. S. Ross, C.I.S.). Whitewater, 9, VII-3-50 tuated, specimens from these regions often (H. L. Hansen, C.I.S.). having more red than specimens from coastal San Bernardino Co.: Big Bear Valley, San California. A long series from Westgard Pass, Bernardino Mountains, 9, VII-7-34, flowers Inyo County, includes every intergrade from Phacelia heteropbylla (Michener, 1939:17, completely black cactorum-like specimens to U.C.R.). Cajon Valley, -1-14-33, flowers Tri- specimens with red on every metasomal segment chostema hnaturn (Michener, 193917, U.C.R.). and with the first three terga largely red. Since Clark Mountain, 4,000 ft., 9, VII-7-38, flowers more than 75 per cent of the specimens from Baileya multiradiata (Michener, 193917, U.C.R.); this locality have at least some red, the West- same locality, 5,000 ft., 8, VII-8-38, flowers gard Pass population is indicated as basalis on Salvia pachyphylla (Michener, 1939:17, U.C.R.). the map. Forest Home, San Bernardino Mountains, 8, VII- 25-28, flowers Eriogonum fasciculatum (W. H. Thorp, U.C.R.). Mill Creek, San Bernardino Mountains, 6,000 ft., 6, VI-20-37, flowers Pen- stemon grinnellii; 3 4 VII-23-39, flowers Cbstilleia Asbmeadiella prosopidis (Cockerell) and Eriogonum wrightii subscaposum; 6,VII-2-44, (Pl. 24, fig. 132) flowers Cryptantha mimntha var. lepida; 8, 2 9, VIII-25-44, flowers Cordylanthus nevinii; 9, Heriades prosopidis Cockerell, 1897, Ann. Mag. VIII-14-45, flowers Eriogonum wrightii sub- Nat. Hist. (6) 20:140, 9 (6 is a misidentifica- scaposum; &, 9, VIII-3-47, same flower; 2 6, tion). Type 9, Mesilla, New Mexico. VII-15-51, flowers Cordylanthus nevinii and Synonymy: subangusta Cockerell, 194; Ash- Monardella linoides var. strictu (all collected by meadiella scbwarzi Titus, 1904, Proc. Ent. P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Mill Geek, 6,200 Soc. Wash. 6:98, 2, c?(new synonym). 162 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Map 78. Distribution of Ashmeadieila prosopidis (Cockerell). THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 163

Geographic range: Arizona, California, Mexico, the female has a broad transverse depression in New Mexico, Texas (see map 78). which the punctures are larger than elsewhere California re cords : and well separated; the punctures are well Imperial Co.: Potholes, IV-7-28 (Michener, separated although smaller almost to the posterior 1939:34, C.A.S.). Westmorland, V-25-30, flowers margin of the sternum medially. Salix nigra (Michener, 1939:34, U.C.R.). Coachella A large series of males from Furnace Creek, Valley, 9,VI-12-32 (M. Cook, U.C.R.). Death Valley, shows considerable variation in Inyo Co.: Furnace Creek, Death Valley, 39 d, head shape, a few of the specimens having the 57 $!, IV-8-39, flowers Prosopis (E. G. Linsley, broader-than-usual head of A. schwarzi Titus. C.I.S., K.U., U.C.R.); 76 6, 67 9,IV-1-51, flowers The latter is therefore to be regarded as a Heliotropium (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S., K.U.); synonym of prosopidis. 4 6, 9, 111-31-53 (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.); 6, 9, A. prosopidis has been taken in Lower Cali- IV-7-39 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.). Furnace Creek fornia on flowers of Larrea at 20 miles south of Camp, Death Valley, IV-14-38, flowers Pluchea Palacio, on Prosopis chilensis glandulosa at sericea (Michener, 1939:34). El Mayor, and on Sphaeralcea ambigua at 15 Riverside Co.: Indio, o”, IV-5-51 (P. D. Hurd, miles south of Palacio. Michener (1951:65) has Jr., C.I.S.). Indio, 5 mi. W., IV-10-36, flowers recorded it as visiting flowers of Prosopis Prosopis chilensis glandulosa (Michener, 1939: chilensis glandulosa at Hot Springs, Big Bend 34); 6, IV-22-50, flowers Melilotus (E. G. Linsley, National Park, Texas. C.I.S.). Indio, 6 mi. W., 3 3, 8 9, IV-30-49, flowers Melilotus (E. G. Linsley, R. F. Smith, and J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S., K.U.). Andreas Ashmeudiella sonora Michener Canyon near Palm Springs, IV-10-36, flowers (Pl. 24, fig. 130) Prosopis chilensis glandulosa (Michener, 1939: 34). Mecca, 2 9, IV-21-35 (G.E.B.). Mecca (near), Ashmeadiella (Ashmeadiella) sonora Michener, 9, IV-13-34, flowers Heliotropium curassavicum 1939, Amer. Midland Nat., 22:35, o”, 9. Type (Michener, 1939:34). Coachella, IV-23-27, flowers 3, Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico (Calif. Acad. Sci.). Prosopis chilensis glandulosa (Michener, 1739: Geographic range : Arizona, California, Mexic 0, 34). Box Canyon, IV-13-34, flowers Acacia and Utah (see map 79). greggii (Michener, 1939:34). Palm Springs, 9, California records: V-11-35, flowers Acacia greggii (P. H. Timber- Glenn Co.: Orland, 6 mi. W., C?, 2 9,VII-2-52, lake, U.C.R.). Palm Desert, 8, IV-12-50 (P. D. flowers Asclepias (H. L. Hansen, C.I.S.); 3, 2 ?, Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). Blythe, 3 o”, V-20-47 (J. W. same data (R. F. Smith, C.I.S.). MacSwain, c.I.s.); 9, V-8-47, flowers Prosopis Inyo Co.: Panamint Mountains, 9, IV-7-38 (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.); 3, V-7-48(E. G. Linsley, (E. G. Linsley, K.U.). C.I.S.). Palm Canyon, c?, IV-15-38, flowers Acacia Riverside Co.: Shavers Well, 3, IV-8-34 (Mich- g~eggii(G.E.B.). Tahquitz Canyon, San Jacinto ener, 193937, U.C.R.). Box Canyon, 9, IV-12-34, Mountains, 3, IV-16-38 (G.E.B.). flowers Olneya tesota (Michener, 193937, U.C.R.). San Bernardino Co.: Gamer Junction, 15 mi. Palm Springs, 6 mi. S., VI-8-37, flowers Hugelia E., 9,VII-6-51 (J. W. MacSwain and R. F. Smith, virgata (Michener, 1739:37, U.C.R.). Desert Cen- K.U.). Twentynine Palms, 6 IV-14-38 (G. E. and ter, 3.7 mi. E., C?, 9, X-23-51, flowers Euphorbia R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.). Yermo, 8, V-23-40 (G. E. polycarpa var. hirtella (P. H. Timberlake, Bohart, G.E.B.). U.C.R.); 2 3, same data (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). San Diego Co.: Borego, 3, IV-29-52 (J. G. Rancho Mirage, 2 mi. N., 8 6 9, VII-27-50, Rozen, C.I.S.); c$ 9, III-31-53, flowers Cryptantha flowers Eriogonum trichopes (P. H. Timberlake, barbigera (P.D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). U.C.R.). Palm Desert, 8, 9, IV-12-50 (W. F. Discussion: Barr, U.I.). Magnesia Canyon, 4 VI-28-52 (J. IC. Most individuals of this species can be dis- Hester, U.C.D.). tinguished from other similar small black forms San Bernardino Co.: Morongo Valley, IV-20 by having the posterior ocelli in both sexes (Michener, 1739:37, K.U.). Vidal, 9, VII-6-51, separated by a distance much greater than the flowers Pecfis papposa (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). distance from one ocellus to the eye margin. San Diego Co.: Tub Canyon, Borego, 3, 11-28- The finely and closely punctate clypeus of the 47 (G. H. and J. L. Sperry, C.I.S.). male also separates this species from certain Shasta Co.: Redding, 9, MI-6-18 (E. P. Van similar forms. The sixth metasomal sternum of Duzee, C.A.S.). ______~

Map 79. Distribution of Ashmeadiella sonora Michener. i al C aJ 4 .rl E rr, .N rr, L U U c3 h U Y.-I 3P,

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y.( 0 c 0 .rlU n1 .rl Uu v) .rl P P

4 m 4 E 166 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Tulare Co.: Wood Lake, V-21, VI-12, 18-1947 Ashmeadiella rufitarsis Michener (Michener, 1951 :52). Discussion : Ashmeadiella (Ashmeadiella) rufitarsis Michener, This small species which occurs in the desert 1937;Amer. Midland Nat., 22:37, 6, 9. Type and in the Great Valley of California is similar 9,Mt. Diablo, Contra Costa County, California, to A. prosopidis, from which it differs in the 3,800 ft., flowers Eriogonum gracile (Timber- long median teeth of the sixth tergum of the lake collection, U.C.R.). male and in the narrow genal areas of the female, Geographic range: California (see map 81). which are less than half as wide as the width of Ca li f orn ia records : the eye seen from the side. The sixth metasomal Butte Co.: Pulga, VIII-19-39, flowers Eriogonum sternum of the female has a shallow transverse gracile (Michener, 1951:54, K.U.). depression with punctures coarser than elsewhere Contra Costa Co.: Mt. Diablo, 3,800 ft., V- and somewhat separated from one another. 14-33, flowers Eriogonum gracile (Michener, Specimens from the Great Valley of California 1939: 39, U.C. R.). average slightly more finely punctate than those Monterey Co.: San Lucas, VIII-2G35, flowers from the deserts and tend to have pale brownish Eriogonum gracile (Michener, 1939:37, U.C.R.). rather than white pubescence. Riverside Co.: Perris, 1% mi. W., VI-21-38 In Arizona, A. sonora has been recorded (Michener, 1939:39, U.C.R.). (Michener, 1951: 52) as visiting flowers of Baileya San Bemardino Co.: Camp Baldy, 9, VII-7-52 multiradiata at Casa Grande. (R. M. Bohart, C.I.S.). Discussion : For comments concerning the peculiar features of this species, see the discussion of A. alta- Ashmeadiella altadenae Michenet denae and also Michener (1951~). The sixth metasomal sternum of the female has a shallow Ashmeadiella altadenae Michener, 1936, Pan- median depression in which the punctures are a Pacific Ent., 12:63, 8. Type c$ Altadena, little larger and considerably more widely sepa- California (Calif. Acad. Sci.). rated than elsewhere on the sternum, but the Geographic range: California (see map 80). ground between the punctures is exceedingly dull, California records: owing to fine roughening, so that the depression Los Angeles Co.: Altadena, 4 V-12-34 (C. D. is not shining as in most species. Michener, U.C.R.). Arroyo Seco, San Gabriel Mountains, 9, VII-6 (K.U.). Monterey Co.: Hastings Natural History Reser- Ashmeadiella bucconis denticulata (Cresson) vation, near Jamesburg, V1-8,14, 24-1938, flowers Adenostoma fasciculatum and Lotus scoparius Heriades ? denticulatum Cresson, 1878, Trans. (Michener, 1937:37, K.U.). Amer. Ent. SOC., 7:108, 6. Type 6, Colorado Discuss ion: (Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.). This species and A. rufitarsis are remarkable Synonymy: rotundiceps (Cresson), 1877; wislizeni in having short proboscides, not extending be- Cockerell, 1722. yond the proboscidial fossa in repose, and in Geographic range: Arizona, British Columbia, having maxillary galeae with a row of hairs California, Colorado, Idaho, Mexico, Montana, along their outer margins. The maxillary palpi Nebraska, Nevada,, New Mexico, Oregon, are very short, although four-segmented in al- Texas, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. The tadenae as in other Ashmeadiella; they are two- nominate subspecies ranges to the east of segmented in rufitarsis. In both species, the this subspecies into Indiana and Wisconsin tarsi are brown, paler than the rest of the legs. (see map 82). In altadenae (both sexes) the median ocellus is California records : not very far behind the mid-point between the Calaveras Co.: Mokelumne Hill, 9, VII-28-31 antennal bases and the posterior margin of the (Michener, 193920, C.A.S.). vertex; in rufitarsis the median ocellus is well Eldorado Co.: Snowline Camp, 9, VII-19-48, behind this point. The sixth metasomal sternum flowers Grindelia camporum (P. D. Hurd, Jr., of the female is as in rufitarsis. C.I.S.).

168 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Inyo Co.: Big Pine, 4 2 9, VII-17 to 20-29 PiGon Flat, San Jacinto Mountains, 4 V-24-3 9, (Michener, 193920, C.A.S.); 9, VI-17-51 (R. C. flowers Encelia (E. S. Ross, C.I.S.); 9, V-30-39 Bechtel, U.C.D.); same locality, 3 mi. E., 9, (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.). Ripley, 2 9, VIII-19-46, VII-10-53 (H. Washburn, C.I.S.). Bishop, 9, VI- flowers Aster (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); same 20-28 (Michener, 1939:20, C.A.S.). Independence, locality, 7 mi. S., 9, X-19-51, flowers Aster 2 3, VI-11-23 (R. L. Usinger, C.A.S.). Olancha, tephrodes (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Riverside, 3 mi. S., 3 $?,VIII-6-48 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., and $6 99, V-I7 to M-14, flowers Chaenactis J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). Westgard Pass, 7 mi. glabriuscula, Coreopsis lanceolata, Encelia W., 9, VI-19-53, flowers Encelia, 9, VI-24-53, farinosa, Erigeron foliosus var. stenophyllus. 2 9, VI-24-53, flowers Encelia (J. W. MacSwain, Gutierrezia californica, Heterotheca grandiflora, C.I.S.). Senecio douglasii, and Solidago californica Lassen Co.: Bridge Creek Camp, 9, VII-9-49 (Michener, 1939:20, U.C.R.). San Jacinto River, (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). San Jacinto Mountains, 2,500 ft., 9, VI-13-40, Los Angeles Co.: Altadena, 9, VIII-2-34, flowers Encelia farinosu (C. D. Michener, C.I.S.). flowers Senecio douglasii (C. D. Michener, Santa Ana Mountains, above Elsinore, IV-18-34, C.I.S.). Big Pines Camp, VI-17-27, flowers flowers Cryptantha intermedia (Michener, 1939: Erigeron foliosus var. stenophyllus (Michener, 20, U.C.R.). The Gavilan, V-15-30, hiding in 1939:20, U.C.R.). Crystal Lake, San Gabriel yucca stem (Michener, 1939:20, U.C.R.). Van- Mountains, 9, VI-23-50 (A. T. McClay, U.C.D.). devanter Flat, $?,VI-11-39 (E. s. Ross, C.I.S.). Palmdale, VIII-1-35 (Michener, 1939:20, K.U.). San Bernardino Co.: Apple Valley, 9, X-21-51, Puente Hills, VII-31-27, flowers Encelia cali- flowers Cbrysotbamnus (P. H. Timberlake, fomica (Michener, 193920, U.C.R.). Tanbark U.C.R.). Cedar Canyon, Providence Mountains, Flat, San Dimas Experimental Forest, 2 9, VI- 4 V-27-50 (C. D. MacNeill, C.I.S.). Clark Moun- 30-50 (D. C. Bldget, U.C.D., U.C.L.A.); 9, tains, 4,000 ft., VII-2-38, flowers Baileya multi- VII-20-52 (C.I.S.). radiata (Michener, 1939:20, U.C.R.). Hinkley, Mariposa Co.: Mariposa, 9, VI-13-38 (Michener, v, X-7-28, flowers lsocoma ucmdenia (Michener, 193920, G.E.B.); VI-13-38, flowers Nuvuwetia 1939:20, U.C.R.). Mill Creek, San Bernardino uiscidula (R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.). Mountains, 9, VIII-1-46, flowers Erigeron diuer- Modoc Co.: Buck Creek, 4 9, VII-21 and 25-22 gens (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Mill Creek (Michener, 193920, C.A.S.). Canby (near), 9, Canyon, San Fkrnardino Mountains, 9, IX-24-23 VIII-1-38, flowers Heliantbus (E. C. Van Dyke, (Michener, 193920, C.A.S.). Morongo, 3, 9, IX- C.A.S.). Davis Creek, 9, VII-13-22 (Michener, 11-40, flowers Gutierrezia Zucida (p. H. Timber- 193920, C.A.S.). Lake City, 9,VII-31-2 2 (Mich- lake,U.C.R.). Or0 Grande, 2 8, IX-14-35, flowers ener, 193920, C.A.S.). Lassen Creek, 9, VII- Isocoma veneta (C. D. Michener, K.U.). Redlands, 22-22 (Michener, 193920, C.A.S.). 3, 9, V-15-36, flowers Encelia farinosa (Mich- Mono Co.: Grant Lake, 9, VIII-5-48 (P. D. ener, 1939:20, K.U.). Twentynine Palxvs, 9, Hurd, Jr., and J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). Mammoth, IX-3-46, flowers Pectis papposa (P. H. Timber- 3, VII-24-33 (Michener, 1939:20, G.E.B.). lake, U.C.R.); same locality, 17.5 mi. W., & Orange Co.: Yorba Linda, q, VXII-14-20, IX-5-46, flowers Baileya. multzradzata (P. H. flowers Grindelia (Michener, 1939:20, U.C.R.). Timberlake, U.C.R.); same locality, 20 mi. W., Placer Co.: Alta, 9, VI-15-51 (E. I. Schlinger, flowers Baileya multiradiata (Michener, 1939:20, U.C.R.). American River, 9, VIII-20-16 (L. Bruner, U.C.R.). Vivian Creek Trail, San Bernardino U.N .). Mountains, VII-21-3 5, flowers Erigeron foliosus Plumas Co.: Quincy, 4 mi. W., s), VI-25-49 var. stenopbyllus (Michener, 193220, U.C.R.). (W. F. Ehrhardt, U.C.D.); 2 8, VI-26-49 (P. D. Warmers Well, Mojave Desert, X-22-27, flowers Hurd, Jr., C.1.S.h VII-2-49 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., Encameria teretifoliu (Michener, 1939:20, U.C.R.). c .I.S. ). Yermo, 9, V-23-30 (M. A. Cazier, W. C. Reeves, Riverside Co.: Cabazon, 9, X-26-52 (E. G. P. C. Ting, U.C.R.). Yucca Valley, 9, D[-3044, Linsley and R. F. Smith, C.I.S.). Hemet, & VII- flowers Gutierrezia lucida (P. H. Timberlake, 3-50 (E. G. Linsley and J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). U.C.R.). Daggett to Needles, 9, VI-9-42 (E. C. Idyllwild, 2, VII-7-28 (Michener, 1939:20, C.A.S.); Van Dyke, C.A.S.). Upper Santa Ana River, 9, 2 c?, 9, VI-10-39 (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.); $, VI- IX-2-46 (G. H. and J. L. Sperry, C.A.S.). 13.40 (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.). Keen camp, San San Diego Co.: Campo, 9, VIII-10-35 (Mich- Jacinto Mountains, 9, VI-10-39 (E. G. Linsley, ener, 193920, K.U.). Jacumba, 9, X-3-25 (Mich- C.I.S.); 9, same data (E. S. Ross, C.I.S.). Pine ener, 1939:20, C.A.S.). Pine Hills, 9, VIII-8-51, Meadows, San Jacinto Mountains, 9 (C.A.S.). flowers Grindelia (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). i c9) 9) c .*V z D H 0

\E D -.u 39, ; 4w i u4 0 C 0 .-.Iu n7 ..4 ULl

.-.Ifn c, h a3 4 E 170 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Shasta Co.: Cayton, 9, VII-13-18 (Michener, helianthoides (Carns), Peta 10s te mon (Lincoln ) 1939:2 0, C.A .S. 1. and Sideranthus (Halsey); in New Mexico on Solano Co.: Rio Vista, 9, VIII-16-50 (J. E. flowers of Helenium laciniatum (Carrizoza); in Gillaspy, C.I.S.). North Dakota on flowers of Brauneria pallida Stanislaus Co.: Adobe Creek, 9, M-14-48 (Mott), Grindelia squurrosa (Carpi0 and 'Fargo), (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). Lactuca pulchella (Kathryn), and Solidago Trinity Co.: Trinity River Camp, 4 VII-18-53 (Beach); in Texas on flowers of Ambrosia (A. T. McClay, U.C.D.). psilostuchya (Grand Prairie), Gaillardia pulchella Tulare Co.: Coffee Camp, VI-25-29, flowers (Denton), and Tetmgonotheca ludoviciana (Kerr- Senecio douglasii (Michener, 1939:2 0, U.C.R.). ville 1. Kaweah, VI-1936 (Michener, 193920). Tuolumne Co.: 'Pinecrest, 9, VIII-4-48 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., and J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.); 8, VII- Ashrneadiella femorata (Michener) 15-52 (J. I. Stage). Twain-Harte, 2 8, 9, VII- (Pl. 24, fig. 133) 1937 (F. E. Blaisdell, C.A.S.). Discussion: Osmia femora& Michener, 1936, Bull. So. Calif. This is the most coarsely punctate member Acad. Sci., 35:91, 9. Type q, Ten miles of the genus Ashmeadiella and after some ex- east of Borego Valley, California (Calif. perience can be distinguished by this feature Acad. Sci.). alone. It may also be distinguished from other Geographic range: Arizona, California, and species, except for some Tituselk, by having Nevada (see map 83). the anterior ocellus (pl. 24, fig. 131) farther from California records: the posterior margin of the vertex than from the Imperial Co.: Andrade, 111-6, flowers Larrea antennal bases. The sixth metasomal sternum (Michener, 193924, U.C.R.). of the female is feebly depressed basally, but Inyo Co.: Mazourlca Canyon, Inyo Mountains, everywhere closely punctured and but little more V-25-37, flowers Dalea fremontii (Michener, 1939: coarsely so in depressed region than elsewhere. 24, K.U.). Olancha, 6 mi. S., VI-20-37 (Michener, As shown by the above records, this species 193924). Surprise Canyon, Panamint Mountains, has a long season of flight and visits many J, IV-2P53, flowers Larrea (R. 0. Schuster, flowers. However, it appears to collect pollen C.I.S.). Westgard Pass, 3 9, VI-3-37 (E. C. Van principally from the Compositae. Although not Dyke, C.A.S., K.U.). primarily a desert species, it occurs in various Riverside Co.: Andreas Canyon near Palm localities in the desert as well as west of the Springs, 9, IV-7-40 (M. R. and R. M. Bohatt, principal divides in California (see map 82). It G.E.B.). Box Canyon, 2 8, 9,111-31-34, IV-13-24, has been collected as far south as Nombre de flowers Cercidium torreyanum (Michener, 1939: Dios in Durango, Mexico. 24, U.C.R.). Cathedral City, IV-10-36, flowers The subspecies denticulata has been taken Lanea glutinosa (Michener, 1939:24). Cotton- in Arizona on flowers of Buileya (Turner), and on wood Springs, Joshua Tree National Monument, a yellow compqite at Pepper Sauce Canyon, 5 J, IV-12-50 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S., K.U.). Santa Catalina Mountains. At Harrison, Nehraska, Dos Palmos, 9, 111-13.34, 9, III-28-34 (Michener, it has been found on flowers of Grindelia and 193924, G.E.B.). La Quinta, 4 111-2-34, 4 III- . Helianthus. In Oregon the following floral records 17-34, flowers Larrea glutinosa (Michener, 1939: are available: Chrysothamnus (Hereford, Prairie 24, U.C.R.); 2 8, 9, 111-4-36, flowers Hyptis City, and Prineville), Grindelia nana (Ontario), emoryi (Michener, 1939:24, U.C.R.); 6 9, IV- and Solidago (Baker, Juntura, and North Powder). 24-38, flowers Cercidium floridtun (P. H. Timber- At Petersboro, Utah, it has been collected on lake, U.C.R.). Oasis, 2 mi. s., 8, IV-19-25, Grindelia. flowers Cercidium totreyanurn (Michener, 1939 The nominate subspecies has been collected 24, U.C.R.); 8, 111-8-36, flowers Larrea glutinosa in Arkansas at flowers of Anthemis cotula (De (Michener, 1939:24, U.C.R.). Painted Canyon, Queen); in Kansas on flowers of Helianthus IV-18-25, flowers Cercidium torreyanum (Mich- petiolaris (Arkansas City) and Monarda (Medicine ener, 193924, U.C.R.). Palm Canyon, 3, IV-5- Lodge); in Nebraska on flowers of Bmuneria 25, flowers Larrea glutinosa (Michener, 1939:24, (Springville Bridge, Brown County), Cullirrhije U.C.R.). Palm Desert, 2 8, IV-11-50, 9,IV-12-50 involucmta (Red Cloud), Helianthus (Carns and (W. F. Barr, U.I.); 2 9, IV-12-50 (P. D. Hurd, Warbonnet Canyon, Sioux County), Heliopsis Jr., C.I.S., K.U.); 2 9, IV-24-50 (C.D. MacNeill, THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 171

Map 85. Distribution of Ashmeadiella bigelouiae (Cockerell). 172 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

C.I.S.); same locality, 1 mi. S., 6 III-16-50, gracilentus (Michener, 1939:26). flowers Larrea glutinosa (P. H. Timberlake, Discuss ion : U.C.R.). Palm Springs, 9, IV-16-39 (R. M. Bohart, Unlike its closest relative, A. femorata, this G.E .B.); $1, IV-3-44, flowers Larrea glutinosa species is unknown in the deserts but is found (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Tahquitz Canyon, in cismontane southern California, where it is San Jacinto Mountains, 2 $1, IV-16-38, flowers apparently quite rare. Larrea glutinosa (Michener, 1739:24, G.E.B.). San Bernardino Co.: Vidal Junction, 7 mi. N., IV-3-51 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). San Diego Co.: Ocotillo, 8 mi. W., 9, IV-27-41, Ashmeadiella bigeloviae (Cockerell) flowers Larrea glutinosa (P. H. Timberlake, (Pl. 24, fig. 134) U.C. R. ). Discussi on: Heriades bigelwiae Cockerell, 1897, Ann. Mag. This species, known only from the desert Nat. Hist., (6) 20136, 8, 9. Type 8, Las regions, is the commonest of the little group in Cruces, New Mexico (U.S. Nat. Mus.). which the hind tibial spurs are robust and Geographic range: Arizona, California, Mexico, strongly curved. This group includes the remark- Nevada, New Mexico, and Texas (see map 85). able species truncativentris Michener, recently California records : described from Texas, which has a peculiarly Imperial Co.: Fkal’s Well, 2 mi. N.E., $1, V- enlarged and truncate sixth metasomal sternum 25-49, flowers Spbaeraicea ambigua (R. C. Dick- in the female, and tztrrsi from California. The son, U.C.R.). Plaster City, 2.5 mi. N., (s; V-1-52, latter differs from femorata in having the middle flowers Coldenia palmeri (P. H. Timberlake, as well as the hind femora red, in having paler U.C.R.). Westmorland, 3 c?, V-31-30, flowers tegulae, and a gently concave rather than rnedi- Heliotropium curassavicum, Sesuvium sessile, ally angulate clypeal apex. The sixth metasomal and Sphemlcea (Michener, 1939:27, U.C.R.). sternum of the female of femorata is slightly Inyo Co.: Darwin Falls, 4 9, VII-15-53 (R. M. depressed medially, but little more coarsely Bohart, U.C.D.); 4 4 3 9, same data (E. I. punctate in depression than elsewhere. Schlinger, U.C.D.). Furnace Creek, Death Valley Two males and a female of this species from National Monument, 5 4 6 $1, IV-1-51, flowers La Quinta, Riverside County, and two females Heliotropium (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). Independ- from Westgard Pass, Inyo County, differ from ence, 9, VI-2-37 (W. C. Reeves, U.C.R.). Lone others in having the legs entirely without red. Pine, V-24-37, flowers Heliotropium curassavicum A. femorata has been taken at flowers of (Michener, 1739:27, K.U.). Mazourka Canyon, Cercidium torreyanwn in Arizona near Cave Inyo Mountains, V-25-37, flowers Dalea fremontii Creek, north of Phoenix. (Michener, 1939:27, K.U.); 2 $1, VII-2-53 (J. W. MacSwain, C.1.S); 9, same data (W. D. McClellan, U.C.D.); 2 9, same data (H. Nakakihara, C.1.S.h Ashmeadiella titusi Michener 9, VII-3-53 (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). Olancha, (s; V-20-37 (J. W. Johnson, G.E.B.);same locality, Ashmeadiella (Ashmeadieiia) titusi Michener, 3 mi. S., 2 (s; 7 9, VIII-6-48 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., 1939, Amer. Midland Nat., 22:25, 3, 9. Type and J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S., K.U.). Panamint 9, Riverside, California, flowers Lotus Springs, 5 &, 9 9, VII-15-53 (R. M. Bohart, sc opar ius ( Timber lake collection, U. C. R .). U.C.D.); 24 (s; 13 9, same data (E. 1. Schlinger, Geographic range: California (see map 84). U.C.D.). Stovepipe Wells, Death Valley National Ca lifornia re c ords : Monument, 6, 111-31-51, (J. W. kcswain, C.I.S.). Los Angeles Co.: Tanbark Flat, San Dimas Surprise Canyon, Panamint Mountains, 6: IV-28- Experimental Forest, 9, VII-17-52 (A. T. McClay, 53, flowers Dalea fremontii (P. D. Hurd, Jr., U.C.D.). c.I, s. ). Riverside Co.: Riverside, 9, V-22-27, flowers Kern Co.: Tehachapi 6, VI-17-47 (J. W. Phacelia ramosissima (Michener, 1937:26); V- MacSwain, C.I.S.). 24-28, flowers Lotus scoparius (Michener, 1939: Los Angeles Co.: Piute Butte, 3, V-10-40, 26). San Jacinto River, San Jacinto Mountains, flowers Monardeila exziis (P. H. Timberlake, 3,000 ft., 3, V-30-40 (C. D. Michener, K.U.). U.C.R.). San Bernardino Co.: Mill Creek, San Bernar- Monterey Co.: Priest Valley, & IV-10-38 (G. din0 Mountains, 2,000 ft., d flowers Helzanthur E. Bohart, G.E.B.). THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 173

Riverside Co.: Blythe, 8, VI-17-46 (J. W. (C. D. Michener, K.U.); 9, VI-8-37, flmws MacSwain, C.I.S.); c?', 4 8, V-20-47 (J. W. Mac Hugelia uirgata (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 3 9, Swain, C.I.S., K.U.); same locality, 3 mi. N., VI-24-52 (L. D. and R. H. Beamer, w. LaBerge, 9,VI-20-46, flowers Medicago sativa (J. W. Mac C. Liang, C. Winer, and A. Wolf, K.U.); 4 4 8, Swain, C.I.S.); same locality, 18.1 mi. W., 9, VI-24-52, flowers Eriogonum trichopes and X-24-51, flowers Pectis papposa (P. H. Timber- Hugelia uirgata (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); q, lake, U.C.R.); same locality, 20 mi. W., 2 c$ VII-22-52 (D. E. Barcus, C.I.S.). Palm Springs, 2 9, VII-6-51, flowers Asclepias (J. W. Nac 4 mi. S., 9, VI-25-41, flowers Hugeliu uirgata Swain and R. F. Smith, C.I.S.); same locality, (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Palm Springs, 6 mi. 25 mi. W., 9 6, 9,VI-1937 (J. C. Elmore, O.S.C.). N.W., 6 8, VI-25-41, flowers Hugeliu uirgata Box Canyon, 8, IV-13-34, flowers Acai-iu greggii (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Palm Springs (sand (Michener, 1939:27, U.C.R.). Cathedral City, dunes), 4 IV-23-33, flowers isomeris arbotea IV-1 G36, flowers Cercidium totreyanum (Mich- (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Rancho Mirage, 2 ener, 193927); 6, Vd-46, flowers Acacia greggii mi. N., 8, VII-27-50, flowers Eriogonum trichopes (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Coachella, 5 mi. S., (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Riverside, 9, IV- 6 8, 111-7-36, flowers Heliotropium curassauicum - 19-25. flowers Gutierrezia califmica (Michener. (Michener, 1939:27, U.C.R.). Cottonwood Springs, l939:>7, U.C.R.). Shavers We'll, 2 9, IV-8-34 Joshua Tree National Monument, 5 8, 4 9, IV- (Michener, 1939:27, U.C.R.). Stone Creek, San 12-50 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S., K.U.); 8, same Jacinto Mountains, 9, V-21-40, flowers Lotus data (L. W. Quate, C.I.S.). Dos Palmos, & III- dauidsonii (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Tahquitz 19-34 (Michener, 1939:27, G.E.B.); c$ same data Canyon, San Jacinto Mountains, 6, IV-16-38 (M. A. Cazier, K.U.). Edom (=Thousand Palms), (G.E. B. 1. 6, V-27-36, flowers Larrea glutinosp @'. H. San Bernardino co.: Barstow, 4 3 8, VI1-28- Timberlake, U.C.R.). Hopkins Well, 8, X-19-51, 28, flowers Cleomella obtusifolia (P. H. Timber- 9, X-23-51, 8, X-24-51, flowers Pectis papposa lake, U.C.R.). Barstow, 35 mi. E., ?, VI-30-52 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). Indio, 2 6, X-15-47, (R. H. Beamer, K.U.). Essex, 5 mi. W., 9, Vl- flowers isocomr acradenia (P- H. Timberlake, 30-52, flowers Hymenopappus flauescens (R. H. U.C.R.). Indio, 2 mi. E., IV-10-36, flowers Geraea Beamer, K.U.), Helendale, 8, M-14-35, flowers cunescens (Michener, 1939:27, U.C.R.). Indio, Cleomella (C. D. Michener, K.U.). Hinkley, 6, 2 mi. N.W., 9, X-26-52 (E. G. Linsley and R. F. X-7-28, flowers isocoma acmdenia (Michener, Smith, C.I.S.). Indio, 5 mi. N.W., 2 6, X-26-52 1939:27, U.C.R.). Hodge, 2 4 M-14-35, flowers (E. G. Linsley and R. F. Smith, C.I.S.). Indio, Cleomella (C. D. Michener, K.U.); 6, M-14-35, 6 mi. N.W., 4 8, X-15-47, flowers Isocoma flowers Cleomella obtusifolia (P. H. Timberlake, acradenia (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Indio, U.C.R.). Kramer Junction, 8, V-1-53 (P. D. Hurd, 5 mi'. W., 6, IV-9-36, flowers Prosopis (P. H. Jr., C.I.S.). Kramer Junction, 15 mi. E., 9, VII- Timberlake, U.C.R.); IV-10-36, flowers Cercidiurn 6-51 (J. W. MacSwain and R. F. Smith, C.I.S.). toireyanum (Michener, 1939:27, K.U.); 4 6, 3 8, Ludlow, 6 mi. W., 8 9, X-17-51, flowers Geraea IV-22-50 (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S., K.U.). Indio, canescens (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S., K.U.); 2 9, 6 mi. W., 6, IV-30-47, flowers Melilotus (E. G. same data (R. F. Smith, K.U.). Ludlow, 14 mi. Linsley, J. W. MacSwain, R. F. Smith, K.U.). W., 9, VI-30-52 (R. H. Beamer, K.U.). Or0 Grande,, La Quinta, 8, 111-7-34, flowers Larrea glutinosa & X-7-28, flowers Cleomella obtusifolia (P. H. (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 8, 2 9, IV-7-36, Timberlake, U.C.R.). Renoville, 9, IV-2-51 (P. flowers Cercidium torreyanum and Larrea glu- D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). Seven Oaks, San Bernardino tznosa (Michener, 1939:27, U.C.R.). Mecca (near), Mountains, 3, VI-14-50, flowers Cryptantha inter- 9, IV-13-34, flowers Heliotropium cyassavicum media (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Twentynine (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Oasis, 3 9, III-27- Palms, VIII-3-33, flowers Wislizenia refracta 34, flowers Cercidium totreymum (Michener, (Michener, 193927, U.C.R.); 4 6, IV-14-38 173927, U.C.R.). Oasis, 2 mi. N., d, XI-8-36, (Michener, 1939:27, G.E.B., U.C.D.); 2 6, III- flowers Heliotropium (E. G. Linsley, K.U.). 25-47, flowers Latrea glutinosa (P. H. Timber- Painted Canyon, 8, IV-18-25, flowers Prosopis lake, U.C.R.). Twentynine Palms, 7.5 mi. s., (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Palm Desert, 9 6, 2 9, V-7-46, flowers Eriogonum lasciculatum var. IV-12-50 (W. F. Barr, U.I.); 2, same data (P. D. polzfolium (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Twenty- Hurd, Jr., K.U.). Palm Springs, 8, IV-22-27, nine Palms, 10 mi. S., 8, IV-13-35, flowers flowers Phacelia crenulata (P. H. Timberlake, Zsomeris arborea (Michener, 193927, U.C.R.). U.C.R.); 6, VIII-28-34, flowers Petalonyx thurberi Victorville, 4 IX-14-35, flowers Cleomella (C. P THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 175

D. Michener, K.U.). Vidal, 6, 9, VII-6-51, flowers California records : Pectis papposa (J. W. kcswain, C.I.S.). Vidal Imperial Co.: Travertine Rock (near), 9, Junction, 7 mi. N., 2 (r, IV-3-51 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., V-25-33, flowers Dalea mollis (P. H. Timberlake, C.I.S.); 8, same data (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.). U.C.R.). Westmorland, 4 9, V-31-30, flowers Yermo, 2 9, VI-19-39, flowers Cleomellu obtusi- Heliotropium curmssavicum and Da lea emoryi folia (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). (Michener, 193928, U.C.R.). San Diego Co.: Anta State Park, 9, IV-23-51 Inyo Co.: Argus Mountains, 2 d; VI-4-39 (R. (E. I. Schlinger, U.C.D.). Borego, 2 9, 111-31-53, M. Bohart, U.C.D., U.C.L.A.). Lone Pine, 5 c?, flowers Cryptantha barbigera (P. D. Hurd, Jr., VI-2-37 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.); 2 3, V-4-37, C.I.S.). San Felipe Road, IV-18-34 (Michener, E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.); 3, V-31-37 (E. C. Van 193 9:2 7). Ocotillo, 111-6-47 (Mic he ner , 194945). Dyke, C.A.S.); q, VI-2-37 (E. C. Van Dyke, Discussion: C.A.S.); 2 6, 9, VI-4-37 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S., This is the most common of the group of K.U.); 9, VI-10-37 (A. E. Meier, C.I.S.); 2 9, species in which there is red on the legs but VI-13-37 (U.C.D., U.C.L.A.); CT, VII-13-37 (G. E. not on the body. It differs from other members of and R. M. Bohart, U.C.D.). Owens Lake (west this group by the slender, gently curved hind shore), VI-2-37, flowers Petalonyx thurberi tibial spurs, the short median teeth of the sixth (Michener, 1939:28, K.U.). Panamint Springs, metasomal tergum of the male (the concavity 32 6, 10 Q, IV-28-53, flowers Petalonyx thurberi between them being semicircular, not deeper, (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 9, same data (G. A. pl. 24, fig. 134), the presence of red on the Marsh, C.I.S.). middle femora, and the presence of a broad Riverside Co.: Blythe, 18.1 mi. W., 9, X-24- shining margin across the clypeal truncation of 51, flowers Pectis papposa (P. H. Timberlake, the female. The sixth metasomal sternum of the U.C.R.). Dos Palmos, 111-1934 (Michener, 1939: femaie is depressed sub-basally, the punctures 28). Edom, 4 V-7-36, flowers Palafoxia linearis in the deptession being coarser and more widely (Michener, 1939:28, U.C.R.). Indio, 8, VII-19-47 separated than elsewhere. The species is un- (A. C. Michener, K.U.); 3 3, 2 9, IV-5-31 (P. D. usually variable in size. It is widespread in Hurd, Jr., C.I.S., K.U.). Palm Desert, 2 9, IV- desert and semidesert regions of the southwest. 12-50 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S., K.U.). Palm Springs, In Arizona it has been taken on flowers of 5 6, 2 8, VIII-2&34, flowers Petalonyx thurberi Dalea spinosus (30 miles northeast of Yucca), (C. D. Michener, K.U.); 9, VIII-28-39, flowers Eriogonum (Wickenburg), E. trichopes (Beaver Petalonyx thurberi (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); Dam), Heliotropiurn curassavicum (Buckeye), 6, 11-3-46 (C.I.S.). Ripley, 7 mi. S., 9, X-13-51, Larrea glutinosa (Picacho Pass), Verbesina flowers Pectis papposa (P. H. Timberlake, auriculata (10 miles south of Tucson), and a U.C.R.). Shavers Well, 9, V-27-46 (R. M. Bohart, yellow composite (Tucson and Wenden). In New G.E.B.). Mexico it is known to visit flowers of Asclepias San Bernardino Co.: Baker, 6, VII-27-50 (H. E. galioides (Las Cruces), Euphorbia (Hot Springs), Cott, U.C.D.). Rice, 12 mi. S.W., 9, IV-21-51 Helenium Iaciniatum (Carrizozo), Marrubim (C. D. MacNeill). vulgare (Carrizozo), Melilotus alba (Carrizozo), San Diego Co.: Borego, 4 9, 111-31-53, flowers and Pyrrhopappus multicaulis (Carrizozo). Cryptantha barbigera (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). Camp Pendleton, near Santa Margarita River, 3, 9, IV-23-46, flowers Cryptantha intermedia (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Ocotillo, 3 mi. W., Ashmeadiella rufipes Titus 6, IV-22-51 (R. C. Bechtel, U.C.D.). (PI. 24, fig. 135) Discussion: This species differs from others in the group Ashmeadiella rufipes Titus, 1904, Proc. Ent. with red legs and a black body in having the Soc. Wash. 6:99, 8. Type 9, San Diego legs almost wholly red in most individuals, and County, California (US. Nat. Mus.). in the abundance of snowy white pubescence. Synonymy: As hmeadie lla haemropoda Cockerell, A few individuals which have the fore and middle 1924. Proc. Calif. Acad. Si., (4) 12:555, legs partly black occur in most if not all Cali- (new synonym); Ashmeadiella rhodopus Mich- fornia populations of rufipes. ener, 1936, Pan-Pacific Ent., 12:59, 6 ?(new A. rufipes has usually masqueraded as haemat- synonym). opodu Cockerell, with those individuals having Geographic range: California and Mexico (see dark areas on the front and middle legs being map 86). called either rhodopus Michener or rujipes Titus. Map 88. Distribution of Ashmeadiella joueata Michener. Map 89. Distribution of Ashmeadiella difugita Michener, the subspecies difugita indicated by open circles, and the subspecies emarginatula by solid circles. THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 177

That all three names apply to the same species San Bernardino Co.: Twentynine Palms, 2 d, is shown by the complete intergradation of the IV-14-38 (G. E. and R. M. Bohart, G.E.B., characters. As indicated previously (see Mich- U.C. D .1. ?ner, 1939), the few specimeris available from Discuss ion : Baja California ( rhodopus) and extreme southern This species can be easily distinguished California (rufipes) have the fore and middle from similar ones by the shining mesoscutum legs partly dark and the punctation slightly with coarse punctures separated by nearly a coarser than most specimens from the California puncture width. The sixth metasomal sternum of deserts. Some of the latter specimens, however, the female is broadly depressed, not quite so have partly dark legs. deeply as in foveata but with the depression Moreover, the type of haemtopoda, the only occupying most of the exposed surface so that known specimen from Sonora, also has this only a narrow convex region is behind it; almost coarser punctation, although its legs are entirely entire sternum rather coarsely punctate with red. It therefore seems evident that rhodopus broad spaces between punctures. and haemtopoda are synonyms of rufipes, and it is possible that when adequate Mexican series are available, the finely punctate California form will be separabl; as a weak subspecies. Ashmeadiella foveata Michener All three names are based on specimens which Ashmeadie lla (Ashmeadiella) f oveata Michener are slightly more coarsely punctate than most , her. Midland Nat., 22:39, Type California populations. 1939, 9. 9, A. haematopoda and rhodopus were considered Tamalpais, California (Timberlake collection, U.C.R.). distinct from rufipes previously (Michener, 1939) by the very finely and closely punctate dorso- Geographic range: Arizona, California, Nevada, lateral areas of the first tergum of the latter. and Utah (see map 88). This is a good character but applies to a con- California records: siderable extent to all populations of the species Contra Costa Co.: Mt. Diablo, 9, V-30-51 I. Schlinger, U.C.D.); V-28-52 (F. as it is now understood. The two specimens (E. & X. (holotype and topotype) recognized as rufipes Williams, C.A.S.); 6, IV-21-53 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., in 1939 were badly rubbed and the finely punctate C.I.S.). areas therefore were exposed. Normally these Inyo Co.: Big Pine Geek, 4,500 ft., 2, VI- areas are covered with white hairs so that the 13-42 (R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.); same locality, dense punctation is invisible and would not be 6,000 ft., 4 VI-16-42 (R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.). suspected. Independence, 9, VI-2-37 (W. C. Reeves, U.C.R.). The sixth metasomal sternum of the female Oak Creek Canyon, near Independence, VI-11-37 is very broadly and shallowly depressed, the (Michener, 1939:40). Westgard Pass, 6, 3 9, VI- punctures being somewhat coarser in the de- 26-53, flowers Dalea (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.); pression than elsewhere. 9, VI-26-53 (H. Nakakihara, C.I.S.). Los Angeles Co.: Tanbark Flat, San Dimas Experimental Forest, 9, VII-2-50 (Michener, 1951:54, K.U.); 9, VII-8-52 (A. T. McClay, Ashmeadiella leucozona Cockerell U.C.D.). Palmdale, 9, IV-11-36 (G. E. and R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.). Ashmeadiella leucozona Cockerell, 1924, Proc. Madera Co.: San Joaquin Experimental Range, Calif. Acad. Sci., (4) 12:556, 4 9. Type $, 9, IV-18-53, flowers Phacelza platyloba (P. D. Guaymas, Sonora (Calif. Acad. Sci.). Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). Geographic range: California and Mexico (see Marin Co.: Tamalpais, 9, VI-20-26, flowers map 87). Erigeron miser (Michener, 193940, U.C.R.). California records : Mariposa Co.: Vernal Falls, Yosemite Valley, Imperial Co.: Potholes, 9, IV-8-23 (E. P. 4 VI-27-26, flowers Monardella lanceolata (P. H. Van Duzee, C.A.S.). Timberlake, U.C.R. j. Pohono Trail, Yosemite, Riverside Co.: Blythe, 18 mi. W., 9, IV-30-52, 4 VI-26-26, flowers Collinsia torreyi (P. H. flowers Teunium depressurn (P. H. Timberlake, Timberlake, U.C.R.). U.C.R.). Indio, 5 mi. N., c$ IV-10-36, flowers Riverside Co.: Aguanga, 6 V-9-36, flowers Cercidium tmeyanurn (C. D. Michener, K.U.). P~osopis(P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Perris, 178 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Map 90. Distribution of Ashmeadiella gillettei Titus, the subspecies cismontanzca indicated by upper half solid circles, the subspecies gillettei by solid circles, the subspecies rubra by right half solid circles, and the subspecies rufiventris by open circles. THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 179

1% mi. W., 9, V-12-50, flowers Heliotropium finely and closely punctured mesoscutum, as curassauicum var. oculatum (P. H. Timberlake, well as by numerous other characters. [J.C.R.). PGon Flat, San Jacinto Mountains, V-24-39, flowers Encelia (Michener, 1947:46). San Bernardino Co.: Cajon Canyon (mouth of), IV-25-36, in nest under stone (Michener, 1947: Ashmeadiella gillettei Titus 46). Cedar Canyon, Providence Mountains, V- 27-50 (Michener, 1951:54, U.C.D.). Trail above Ashmeadiella gillettei Titus, 1904, Proc. Ent. Glen Ivy, San Bernardino Mountains, 9, V- SOC.Wash., 6:100, 9. 13-28, flowers Helianthus gracilentus and Lotus AshmeadieIla (Ashmeadiella) gillettei, Michener, scoparius (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). 1951, Pan-Pacific Ent., 27:66. Solano Co.: Green Valley, VI-9-33, flowers Geographic range: California, Colorado, Mexico, Diplacus aurantiacus (Michener, 193940, U.C.R.). Nebraska, New Mexico, South Dakota, and Discussion: Texas (see map 90). This species is easily distinguished from our Discussion: other species by the deep fovea of the sixth In addition to the two subspecies listed below, metasotnal sternum of the female. This fovea is A. gillettei, includes gillettei proper from the shining and has very coarse, irregularly placed, . western Great Plains and gillettei rubra from and widely separated punctures. This type of Texas and New Mexico. These extralimital sub- sculpturing reaches nearly to the posterior mar- species have been taken at flowers of Dalea gin of the sternum. The Texas A. vandykiella fotmosa (Sanderson, Texas) and Sedum stencr Michener is similar in this characteristic and pelalum (Harrison, Nebraska). may be only subspecifically distinct: Among In this species, the sixth metasomal sternum California species a somewhat similar sternal of the female bears a distinct transverse de- fovea is found in A. leucozona, but it is shal- pression which is more coarsely punctate than lower. A. loveata differs from leucozona by the the remainder of the sternum.

Key to the California Subspecies of Asbmeadiella gillettei

1. Metasoma very largely red, last exposed metasomal tergum at least partly red ...... ruliuentris (p. 177) Metasoma black apically, last metasomal tergum wholly black in female ...... cismontanzca (p. 180)

Ashmeadiella gillettei rufiventris Michener Riverside Co.: Desert Center, 4 mi. E., 9, IV-5-51 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). Indio, 9, IV- Ashmeadiella (Ashmeadiella)rufiventris Michener, 5-51 (P. D. Hurd, jr., C.I.S.). Indio, 5 mi. W., 1939, Amer. Midland Nat., 22:32, 4 9. Type IV-I 0-36, flowers Prosopis chilensis glandulosa 9, Dos Palmos, Colorado Desert, California (Michener, 193933, K.U.). Palm Springs, IV-3-36, (Calif. Acad. Sci.). flowers Cercidium taeyanum (Michener, 1933: Geographic range: California and Mexico (see 33, U.C.R.); 111-2632, flowers Phacelia distans map 90). (Michener, 1939:33, U.C.R.). Edom, 2 mi. S., Ca lif orn ia records: 111-8-36, flowers Ceraea canescens (Michener, Imperial Co.: Westmorland, 6, 111-23-38, flowers 1939:33, U.C.R.). Heliotropium cumssavicum (Michener, 1939:33, San Bernardino Co.: Adelanto, 9 mi. N., IV- U.C.R.). 25-37, flowers Astragalus lremontii (Michener, Inyo Co.: Keeler, 2 mi. S.E., flowers Mala- 193933, U.C.R.). Twentynine Palms, JV-14-38 cothrix (Michener, 193933). Olancha, ?, V-20- (Michener, 1939:33). Manix, 6 mi. N., 9, IV-25- 37 (F. L. Blanc, G.E.B.). Olancha, 6 mi. S., 53, flowers Stephanomeria (G. A. Marsh, C.I.S.). VI-20-37 (Michener, 193933); 9, V-20-37 (C. D. San Diego Co.: Borego, 4 2 9, IV-5-40 (R. M. Michener, K.U.). Panamint Mountains, 9, V-29- Bohart, G.E.B.). 37 (N. W. Frazier, G.E.B.). 180 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Discuss ion: Hugelia uirgata (Michener, 1951:67). This subspecies is known only from the desert Discuss ion : regions of California and a single locality (El This subspecies occurs in the dryer lowland Mayor) in Lower California. Two males collected areas of cismontane California and in the Great in Box Canyon (March 31, 1934, and April 27, Valley. There is a possibility that the Contra 1952, on flowers of Cercidium torreyanum and Costa County record is an error. Chaenactis carphoclinia) and a female from Borego (March 16, 1950) appear to be morphologically different from rufiuentris and have been AshmeadieZla difugita Michener excluded from this treatment. Ashmeadie lla (Ashmeadiella) difugita Mic hener , 1739, Amer. Midland Nat., 22:41, 3, 9. Ashmeadiella gillettei cismontanica Michener Ashmeadiella difugita, Michener, 1751, Jour. Kansas Ent. SOC., 24:53, 4 9. Ashrneadie lla (Ashmeadiella) gillette i cismon- Geographic range : California, Idaho Nevada, tunica Michener, 1951, Pan-Pacific Ent., 27: and Oregon (see map 89). 67, 9. Type 9, 1% miles west of Perris, Discussion: California, flowers Heliotropium curassau icum Individuals of this species in which the var . oculat urn (Timber lake collection, U.C .R. ). posterior femora are red are easily recognized Geographic range: California (see map 90). by the entirely black middle kgs and other California records: characters. Individuals in which the legs are Contra Costa Co.: Clayton, IV-23-49 (Mich- wholly black are more difficult to recognize. ener, 1751 :53, C.I.S.). They are similar to A. aridula but markedly mcre Fresno Co.: Mendota, 2 2, 15 9, IV-23-49, finely punctate. They have a hairband on the flowers Melilotus (Michener, 1951 :52, C.I.S., fifth tergum of the female (as in aridula astragali) K.U.). Mendota, 3 mi. E., IV-23-49, flowers but have only scattered fine punctures on the Melilotus (Michener, 1951:52, C.I.S.). tegulae (astragali has distinct and coarser Riverside Co.: Perris, 1% mi. W., V-29-46, punctures ). Fortunately , a 11 blac k-legged speci- flowers Cryptantha intermedia (Michener, 1951: mens known belong to the subspecies emargina 67); 12 9, V-12-50, flowers Heliotropium curas- tula, which has a very distinctive small clypeal sauicum var. oculatum (P. H. Timberlake, K.U., emargination, not found in any other species U.C.R.). Perris, 4% miles W., V-14-48, flowers of the genus.

Key to the Subspecies of Asbmeadiella difugita Females 1. Clypeal truncation entire ...... difugita (p. 180) Clypeal truncation with small median emargination ...... emarginatda(p. 182)

Ashmeadiella difugita difugita Michener north of Azusa, VII-2-50 (Michener, 1951:53). Big Pines Camp, San Gabriel Mountains, 8, VII- Ashmeadiella (Ashmeadiella) difugita Michener, 13-27, flowers Verbena (Michener, 1939:41, 1939, Amer. Midland Nat., 22:41, C$ 9. Type U.C.R.). Camp Baldy, C$ VIII-21-39, flowers 9, Lone Pine Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, Eriogonum fasciculatum (Michener, 1939:42); California, flowers Eriodictyon trichocalyx 9, VII-11-50 (Michener, 195153). Swartout (Timberlake collection, U.C.R.). Valley, 2 4 VI-3-28, flowers Phacelia hetero- Geographic range: California (see map 89). phylla and pink Gilia (Michener, 1939:42). Tan- Calif ornia rec ord s : bark Flat, San Dimas Experimental Forest, g, Inyo Co.: Tuber Canyon, Panamint Mountains, VII-2-50 (P.D. Hurd, Jr., K.U.). 8,000 ft., 2 6, VI-18-37 (Michener, 1939:42). San Bernardino Co.: Mill Creek Canyon, near Los Angeles Co.: San Gabriel Mountains, falls, 6,200 ft., San Bernardino Mountains, 9, THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 181

Map 9 1. Distributions of Ashmeadiella aridula Cockerell, the subspecies aridula indicated by upper half solid circles, and the subspecies astragali by solid circles; and Ashmeadiella meliloti (Cockerell), the subspecies crassa indicated by right half solid circles,, and the subspecies meliloti by open circles. 182 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

VIII-15-34, flowers Chrysopsis fastigiata (Mich- California records: ener, 1939:41, U.C.R.). Mill Creek, San Bernar- Inyo Co.: Big Pine, 9, VI-17-51 (G. C. Bechtel, din0 Mountains, 8, 9 (in copulo), V-28-50 (P. H. U.C.D.). Westgard Pass, 6, 4 9, VII-1G53, Timberlake, U.C.R.). flowers Cryptantha (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.); same Discussion: locality, 7 mi. W., 4 9, VI-26-53, flowers Dalea This southern California subspecies has red (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). on the posterior femora of all known specimens. Los Angeles Co.: Lovejoy Buttes, 6 V-5-40 The Inyo County specimens are both males and (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). their placement in this subspecies is provisional. Riverside Co.: Blythe, VII-15-38, flowers Prosopis chilensis glandulosa (Michener, 1939: 43, U.C.R.). Andreas Canyon near Palm Springs, X-27-34, flowers Solidago cali/ornica (Michener, Asheadiella difugita emarginatula Michener 1939:43, U.C.R.). Riverside, IX-15-32, flowers Eriogonum gracile and Phacelia ramosissima Ashmeadiella difugita emarginaiula kchenet, (Michener, 1939:43, U.C.R.); 4 6, 17 9, WI-1, 1951, Jour. Kansas Ent. Soc., 2433, 9. Type E-28, flowers Heliotropium curassauicum var. 9 9, Bridge Creek Camp, Lassen County, Cali- oculatwn, one on Acamptopappus (P. H. Timber- fornia (Calif. Acad. Sci.). lake, U.C.R.). Stone Creek, San Jacinto Moun- Geographic range: California, Idaho, Nevada, tains, 8, 9, VI-21-40, flowers Lotus dauidsonii Oregon (see map 89). (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Mt. San Jacinto, California records: 4,000 ft., 9, VI-6-42 (R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.). Inyo Co.: Big Pine Geek, 6,000 ft., & 2 8, Ribbonwood, 8, V-21-40, flowers Ctyptantha VI-16-42 (R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.); same locality, (C. D. Michener, K.U.). 7,500 ft., 4 VI-1242, 2 9, VI-17-42 (R. M. San Bernardino Co.: Yucca Valley, 9, IX-28- Bohart, G.E.B.). 49, flowers Hugelia uirgata (P. H. Timberlake, Lassen Co.: Bridge Creek Camp, 9, VIE949 U.C.R.). Morongo Valley, 4 IX-13-40, flowers (Michener, 1951:53, C.1.S.h 9, VII-3-49 (W. F. Gutierrezia lucida (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Ehrhardt, U.C.D.); 9, same data (P. D. Hurd, Clark Mountains, 4,000-4,500 ft., V-7-38, flowers Jr., C.I.S.);. 9, same data (W. H. Wade, C.I.S.). Baileya multiradiata (4,000 ft.) and Viguiera Hallelujah Junction, 9, VI-27-49 (Michener, nevadensis (4,500 ft.) (Michener, 193943, U.C.R. 1. 1951:53, C.I.S.). McCoy Flat, 8, VII-8-49 (P. D. San Diego Co.: San Felipe Creek, VI-5-36, Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). flowers Opuntia megacatpa (Michener, 1939:43 Mono Co.: West Walker River, 7,200 ft., 6, 9, E-1 &38, flowers Gutiewezia califonzica (Mich- VI-25-37 (C. D. Michener, K.U.). ener, 1939:43, U.C.R.). Nevada Co.: Hobart Mills (neat), 9, IX-8-52 Discussion: (R. M. Bohart, U.C.D.). Truckee, VII-9-27 (Mich- This is the form listed as cactorum cactorum ener, 1951:53). by Michener in 1939. As shown by the same Discuss ion: author in 1942, that name is applicable to another This subspecies, found in central and northern species. California and thence to Oregon (Steens Moun- A. meliloti is exceedingly close to A. aridula tains) and Idaho, has red on the hind femora of and the two have, indeed, been considered as about 50 per cent of known specimens. In Idaho only subspecifically distinct in all recent papers. it has been taken on flowers of Eriogonum (5 It is now evident, however, that the ranges of miles northeast of Midvale) and Grindelia (Coyote the two overlap broadly, at least in southern Grade, Nez Perce County). California, without intergradation. They are, therefore, considered to be distinct species although the differences between them are slight. Ashmeadiella meliloti meliloti (Cockerell) A. meliloti is on the average larger, and its tegulae are almost black, whereas they are Heriades meliloti Cockerell, 1897, Ann. Mag. brown in aridula. Certain minor but significant Nat. Hist. (6) 20:141, 2, 9. Type 9, Santa differences in punctation are indicated in the Fe, New Mexico (U.S. Nat. Mus.). key to the species. The tegulae are scarcely Geographic range : Arizona, California, Mexico, punctured in meliloti. The fifth rnetasomal tergum New Mexico, and Texas. This species is of the female lacks an apical white pubescent represented by another subspecies, crussa fascia. The fifth metasomai sternum has a shal- Cockerell, in Baja California. (see map 91). low depression in which the punctures are THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 183 coarser than elsewhere and separated by shining Ashmeadiella aridula Cockerell interspaces . As the floral records listed above suggest, a wide variety of flowers are visited. Additional Ashmeadiella aridula Cockerell, 1910, Entomolo- floral information from other parts of .the gist, 43:91, 6: range may be summarized as follows. In Arizona Geographic range: California, Colorado, Idaho, it has been taken on flowers of Acacia greggii Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and (Duncan), Chilopsis linearis (Sedona), Crusea Wyoming (see map 91). subulata (5 miles north of Prescott), Lepidium Discuss ion: montanun (Chino), Penstemon (5 miles north of This species is a close relative of meliloti. Prescott), and Prosopis (Duncan); in New Mexico In general it is found in less arid and more on flowers of Chilopsis (Rincon), Cleome (6 northern regions than meliloti, from which it miles east of Embudo), Marrubium vuIgare differs principally by the testaceous or pale (Carrizozo), Melilotus alba (Carrizozo), and brown tegulae. It is on the average smaller than Pyrrhopappus multicaulis (Carrizozo); and in meliloti. The reasons for recognizing aridula and Texas on flowers of Dalea argyraea (Marathon), meliloti as separate species are indicated in the D. formosa (Sanderson), and D. pogonathera discussion of the latter. (Quemada ).

Key to the Subspecies of Ashmeadiella aridula

1. Tegulae distinctly punctate; fifth metasomal tergum of female with distinct apical pubescent fascia...... astragali (p. 184) Tegulae nearly impunctate; fifth metasomal tergum of female without apical pubescent fascia ...... an'dula (p. 183)

Ashmeadiella aridula aridula Cockerell Creek, San Jacinto Mountains, 3, VI-24-34 (Michener, 1939:45, C.A.S.). Herkey Creek, 4 Ashmeadiella aridula Cockerell, 191 0, Entomolo- VI-24-34 (I. McCracken, C.A.S.); same locality, gist, 43:91, c? Type 3, Rifle, Colorado (Tim- 4,000 ft., flowers Lotus americanus (Michener, berlake collection, U.C.R. ). 1939:45, U.C.R.). Idyllwild, 3, VI-29-28 (Mich- Geographic range: California, Colorado, Idaho, ener, 1939:45, C.A.S.); 2, VI-20-40 (E. C. Van Nevada, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming (see Dyke, C.A.S.). Pine Flat, San Jacinto Mountains, map 91). 2 6, VI-13-40, flowers Cryptantha micrantha (C. CaMornia records: D. Michener, C.I.S.). Picon Flat, San Jacinto Imperial Co.: Holtville , 111-24-30, flowers Mountains , 9, VII-29-46, flowers Eriogonum (P. Heliotropium curassavicum var. oculatum (Mich- 0. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). Riverside, 83, ??, VII-12 ener, 1939:45, U.C.R.). to IX-25, some on flowers Heliotropium curassa- Los Angeles Co.: Arroyo Seco, 2 & 2 9, VI- vicum var. oculatum (Michener, 193945, U.C.R.). 25-40, flowers Cryptantha, Lotus, and Nama Santa Ana Mountains above Elsinore, IV-28-34, parryi (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). Lovejoy Buttes, flowers Cryptantha intermedia (Michener, 1939: 9, V-11-44 (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Mt. 45, U.C.R.). Stone Creek, San Jacinto Mountains, Wilson Road, 6, VII-24-39 (R. M. Bohart, U.C.D.). 3, 9, VI-21-40, flowers Lotus davidsonii (P. H. Tanbark Flat, San Dimas Experimental Forest, Timberlake, U.C.R.). Temecula, 9, VIM-50 9, VI-22-50 (J. D. Paschke, C.I.S.); 9, VI-25-50 (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.). (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 9, VII-8-50 (F. X. San Bernardino Co.: Barstow, E-12-24, flowers Williams, C.A.S.); 9, VII-G-52 (Joan Linsley, Cleomella obtusifolia (Michener, 193945, U.C.R.). C.I.S.); 9, VII-11-52 (A. T. McClay, U.C.D.). Crestline, 7, V-23-36, flowers Lotus (Michener, Whittier, VIII-13-20 (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). 193945, C.I.S.). Lytle Creek, VII-4-28 (Michener, Riverside Co.: Banning, 6, V-28-28 (Michener, 1939:45). Morongo, 6, 9, E-13-40, flowers 1939:45, C.A.S.). Hemet Lake Road at Herkey Gutierrezia lucida (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). 184 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Redlands (Michener, 1939:45, U.S.N.M.). Yermo, 9, VIII-25-11 (Michener, 193245, K.U.). 6, V-23-40 (M. A. Cazier, W. C. Reeves, P. C. Eldorado Co.: Chile Bar, 4 VII-5-48 (L. W. Ting, U.C.R.). Quate, C.I.S.). Placerville, 2 9, VIII-9-53 (E. I. San Diego Co.: Cuyamaca, 9, VII-4-20 (L. D. Schlinger, U.C. D. ). Anderson, K.U.). Cuyamaca Park, 6, V-20-43 Fresno Co.: Firebaugh, 6, IX-9-48 (V. M. (E. W. Clark, C.I.S.). Escondido (Michener, 1939, Stern, C.I.S.); same locality, 4 mi. N.W., 6, IX- 45). 9-48, flowers Solidago (R. F. -Smith, C.I.S.). Discussion: Friant, 2 6, $!, V-24-36 (E. S. Ross, C.A.S.); This subspecies, which occurs in much of the V-24-36 (Michener, 1939:45). Mendota, 8, V-1936 intermountain region and in southern California, (E. S. Ross, C.A.S.); 9, E-14-48 (V. M. Stern, intergrades with astragali. Occasional speci- C.I.S.). Fresno (Michener, 1939:45, U.S.N.M.). mens, even from the San Gabriel Mountains, in Hmboldt Co.: Eureka and Weaverville (road southern California, have a few rather large between), VII-20-37 (Michener, 1939:45). punctures on the tegulae; in the Great Valley Inyo Co.: Big Pine, VI-8-37, flowers Dalea of California, although the tegulae are distinctly polyudeniu (Michener, 1939:44, K.U.); same local- punctate as in astragali, there is every grade ity, 3 mi. E., ?, VII-10-53 (W. D. McClellan, between the subspecies so far as the fascia of U.C.D.); 2 9, same data (H. Nakakihara, C.I.S.). the fifth tergum is concerned. Bishop, 4 VI-21-37 (E. P. Van Duzee, C.A.S.); S, VIII-4-37 (G. E. and R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.). Deep Springs, 9, VII-11-53 (J. W. MacSwain, Ashmeadiella midula astragali Michener C.1.S.h 9, same data (H. Nakakihara, C.I.S.); 9, VII-16-53 (R. M. Bohart, U.C.D.); 2 6, 4 2, Same Ashmeadiella (Ashmeadiella) cactorum astragali data (E. I. Schlinger, U.C.D.); C$ 2 9, VII-17-53 Michene., 1939, Amer. Midland Nat., 22:44, (W. D. McClellan, U.C.D.). Independence, &, 8, 9. Type 9, Lone Pine, Inyo County, Cali- IV-14-37 (U.C.D.); 6, 3 9, VI-14-37 (E. C. Van fornia (Calif. Acad. Sci.). Dyke, C.A.S.); 9, VI-1&37 (V.C.D.). Lone Pine, Geographic range: California, Nevada, Oregon, 6, 9, V-21-37 (C.I.S.); 2 9, VI-10-37 (A. E. and perhaps Wyoming (see map 91). Meier, C.I.S.); 9, VI-14-37 (G.E.B.); 9, VI-1 8-37 Ca I if orn ia re cords : (G.E.B.). Olancha, 9, VII-15-53 (E. I. Schlinger, Alameda Co.: Tesla, q, X-4-51 (J. G. Rozen, U.C.D.). Owens Lake (north end), VI-4-37, C.I.S. ). flowers Trilolium (Michener, 193744, K-U.). Alpine Co.: Hope Valley, 2 9, VII-18-48 (K. Westgard, 8, V-26-37 (G.E.B.). W. Tucker, C.I.S.). Kern Co.: Walker Pass, 9, VI-26-49 (L. W. Butte Co.: Chico, 2 9, 11-16-12 (J. A. Kusche, Isaak, U.C.D.). K.U.). Oroville, 9, VI-24-27 (H. H. Keifer, Lake Co.: Middletown, 2 9, IX-11-48, flowers C. A.S.). Trichostema laxum (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). Calaveras Co.: Mokelumne Hill, 6, June Madera Co.: Bass Lake, 9, VII-23-34 (Mich- (Michener, 1939:45, C.A.S.). Murphys, 2,500 ft., ener, 193945, C.A.S.). 4 3, VI-1938 (F. E. Blaisdell, C.A.S.). Mariposa Co.: Yosemite Valley, VI-24-21, Colusa Co.: College City, 9, VI-22-16, flowers flowers Lotus (Michener, 1939:45). Alarrubium vulgare (R. Stinchfield, L.S., Jr., U.). Mendocino Co.: Longvale Creek, 9, VII-27-38 Sycamore Slough, 9, VII-11-16 (R. Stinchfield, (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.). Ryan Creek, 3 6, VII- L.S., Jr., U.). 15-49 (R. Craig, C.I.S.). Contra Costa Co.: Antioch, 3, 9, VIII-9-36, Merced Co.: Dos Palos, 7 mi. E., & VIII-6-49, flowers Heliotropium (C. D. Michener, K.U.); flowers Lotus umericanus (E. G. Linsley and VIII-9-36 (Michener, 1939:45); 3, VIII-23-36 R. F. Smith, C.I.S.); 9, WI-16-49, same flower (Michener, 193945, C.A.S.); 2 9, VIII-30-36 (E. G. Linsley, J. W. MacSwain, .R. F. Smith, (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.); 8, 9, IX-26-37 (G. E. C.I.S.); same locality, 3 mi. S., 8, 9, VI-18-52 and R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.); 2 6, E-8-48 (J. W. (R. F. Smith, C.1.S.h same locality, 8 mi. S., MacSwain, CIS.% 9, V-24-49, flowers Lotus 2 9, VIII-10-52, flowers Heliotropium curassa- (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 2 6, V-8-50 (P. D. uicum var. oculatum (G. A. Marsh, C.I.S.). Los Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 9, VII-8-50 (J. E. Gillaspy, Banos, 2 & 9, V-23-18 (Michener, 1939:45, K.U.). C.I.S.); 6, V-17-52 (G. A. Marsh, C.1.S.k 9, Modoc Co.: Lake City, q, VIII-1-22 (C. L. VIII-12-52 (W. F. Barr, C.I.S.). Avon, 6, 9, VIIE Fox, C.A.S.). 29-37 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.). Marsh Creek, Mono Co.: Topaz, 9, VII-17-51 (1. W. Mac THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 185

Map 92. Distributions of Ashmeadiella calijornica (Ashmead), the subspecies Calijornica indicated by solid circles, the subspecies flotissantensis by half-solid circles, and the subspecies sierraensis by open circles. 186 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Swain, C.I.S.); 2 9, VIII-17-51 (E. I. Schlinger, 19-29 (Michener, 1939:45). Wood Lake, 8 S, V-5 U.C.D.). West Walker Canyon, 9, VII-9-34 (E. P. to XI-16-47 (N. W. Frazier, C.I.S.). Van Dutee, C.A.S.). Tuolumne Co.: Pinecrest, VII-20-29, flowers Napa Co.: Knoxville, 2 9, IX-1-53 (E. I. Solidago californica (Michener, 1939:45, U.C.R.). Schlinger, U.C.U.). Pope Valley, 6, VI-1 1-39 Rawhill, 9, VIII-10-12 (R. Stinchfield, L.S., Jr., (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.). U.). Placer Co.: Applegate, 6, VI-24-51 (J. C. Yo10 Co.: Davis, 9 d, 13 9, VI-6 to IX-14 Hall, U.C.D.). Auburn, 2 6, VII-27-15 (L. Bruner, (R. C. Bechtel, G. E. Bohart, A. T. McClay, E. U.N.); 3 2, VIII-24-18 (L. Bruner, U.N.). Nicolaus, I. Schlinger, U.C.D.). 9, VI-27-35 (J.Beamer, K.U.). Discussion: Plumas Co.: Bucks Lake, 8, VII-1-49 (R.G. This subspecies is almost unique among Howell, C.I.S.). Lake Almanor, 9, VII-8-49 (D. species of the genus in the coarseness of puncta- Cox, C.I.S.). Quincy, 4 mi. W., 2 8, VII-16-49 tion of the tegulae. The subspecific characters (P. D. Hurd, Jr., K.U.). are strongest in the valleys such as the Owens Sacramento Co.: Sacramento, VII-4-14 (Mich- Valley along the east side of the Sierra Nevada. ener, 193945); 8, VIII-10-16 (L. Bruner, U.N.); This is curious, since farther east in the inter- 2 2, IX-23.16, flowers Melilotus alba (L. Bruner, mountain region typical aridula is usually found. U.N.); 9, X-10-16 (L. Bruner, U.N.). Populatians classified as astragali from cismon- San Bernardino Co.: Yermo, 2 9, V-23-40 (G. tane cential and northern California and Oregon E. Bohart, G.E.B.). are intermediate between astragali and typical San Joaquin Co.: Stockton, 3 8, 9, VIII-20-19 aridula. (Michener, 1939:45, C.A.S., K.U.). Tracy, 9, From its presence in the intermountain region, VI-7-49, 8, VI-13-49, 8, VII-2M9 (J. W. MWC one might assume that the species aridula is a Swain, C.I.S.); 9, VI-21-49 (R. F. Smith,C.I.S.). desert-bee. This is not true, for it usually occurs Santa Barbara Co.: Santa Barbara, 2 8 (W. M. in local mesic situations. Probably the sub- Giffard, C.A.S.). Santa Maria, 38 mi. E., 3 d", species aridula is found in drier situations than 4 9, VI-20-52, flowers Heliotropium curassavicum astragali This may explain the anomalous dis- var. obovatum (L. D. Beamer, R. H. Beamer, C. tribution of the two subspecies, for the mesic Liang, W. LaBerge, A. Wolf, K.U.). situations along the east flank of the Sierra Shasta Co.: Burney, 5 mi. E., 6, VI-9-41 (C. Nevada are often very moist owing to waters D. Michener, K.U.); 9, VII-22-46 (C.I.S.). Redding, from the mountains, even though the area is 4 VIM-18 (E. P. Van Duzee, C.A.S.). otherwise desert or semidesert. One specimen Sierra Co.: Calpine, 6, VIII-27-48, flowers from Wyoming (Grand Teton National Park) agrees Solidago (E. G. Linsley, C.LS.). Sierraville, 9, with astragali. Here, too, is a relatively moist VIII-26-48, flowers Solidago (R. F. Smith, C.I.S.). region. Solano Co.: Rio Vista, 2 9, V-24-49, flowers The subspecies astragali has been taken in Lotus (J.W. MacSwain, C.I.S.); 9, VI-2-49 (R. S. Oregon on flowers of Melilotus alba at Murphy Beal, C.I.S.); 8, VIII-16-50 (J. E. Gillaspy, and on flowers of Solidago at Juntura. C.I.S.). Ryer Island, 2 c?, VI-10-49, flowers Heliotropium (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.). Sonoma Co.: Cloverdale, 9, VIII-24-53 (E. I. Ashmeadiella californica (Ashmead) Schlinger, U.C.D.). (Pl. 10; pl. 23, fig. 113; pl. 24, fig. 136) Stanislaus Co.: Patterson, 2 9, VI-22-49 (T. F. Leigh, C.I.S., K.U.). Turlock, a& $9, Chalicodoma californica Ashmead, 1897, Proc. V-1 0 to VIII-22-52, flowers Centromadia pungens So. Calif. Acad. Sci.., 1(3):1, 3, 9. and Heliotropium curassavicum var. ocula tum (R. Ashmeadiella ( Ashmeadiella) calif ornica, Mich- R. Snelling). ener, 1939: Amer. Midland Nat., 22:48-52. Tehama Co.: Vina, 2 c$ 9, M-22-51 (J. C. Geographic range: British Columbia, California, Holland, E. I. Schlinger, U.C.D.). Colorado, Idaho, Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, Trinity Co.: Carrville, 2,400-2,500 ft., VI- Utah, and Washington (see map 92). 20-34 (Michener, 193945); 6, VI-18-34 (G. E. Discussion : Bohart, G.E.B.). This species is closely related to aridula Tulare Co.: Coffee Camp, VI-8-25, flowers and meliloti, from which males can be distin- Lotus glaber (Michener, 1939:45). Lindsay, VI- guished by the finer punctation, especially of THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 187 the metasoma and by the longer hairs of the metasomal sternum has a slight depression in gonoforceps, hairs Rear the angles of these which the punctures are scarcely coarser than structures being as long as the width of the elsewhere on this sternum. gonoforceps at this pbint. Females are more Two of the three recognized subspecies are clearly distinguishable because of the broad known from California. The third, llorissantensis, genal areas (as wide as eye, seen from side) has been recorded from Colorado, Idaho, and New and the broad mandibular apices. The sixth Mexico (see map 92).

Key to the Females of California Subspecies of Ashmeadiella califomica

1. Punctures of middle of second metasomal tergum fine, separated by their diameters or more ...... szewaensis (p. 189) Punctures of middle of second metasomal tergum coarser, separated by less than their di- ame te rs ...... cali/omica (p. 187)

Ashmeadiella califomica californi.ca (Ashmead) Eldorado Co.: Camino, 3 mi. S., q, VI-26-48 (L. W. Quate, C.I.S.). Pollock Pines, 2 9, VI- Chalicodoma califomica Ashmead, 1897, Proc. 16-52 (E. I. Schlinger, U.C.D.). Snowline Camp, So. Calif. Acad. Sci., l(3h1, 4 9. Type 9, 9, VI-24-48 (J. W. MacSwain, K.U.); 2 9, VII-4- near Los Angeles, Calif. (US. National 48, flowers Pbacelia (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.J.S.); Museum). 9, VII-7-48 (C. Chan, U.C.D.); 2, VII-14-48, Synonym: coquilletti Titus, 1704. flowers Grindelia campmum (P. D. Hurd, Jr., Geographic range: British Columbia, California, C.I.S.); 9, VII-20-48 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., K.U.); 9, Idaho, Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, and VII-20-48 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., K.U.). Washington (see map 92). Fresno Co.: Coalinga (near), C$ VI-8-41 (R. M. California records: Bohart, G.E.B.). Friant, 9, V-24-36 (Michener, Alameda Co.: Niles Canyon, d, VII-16 (W. M. 193950). Mendota, 14 6, 9, IV-23-49, flowers Giffard, K.U.). Oakland, c$ V-27-53 (R. 0. Melilotus (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S., K.U.), same Schuster, C.I.S.). locality, 5 mi. E., 5 6, IV-23-49, flowers Melilotus Amador Co.: Clipper Gap, 9, VI-5-30 (Mich- (E. G. Linsley, J. W. MacSwain, R. F. Smith, ener, 1939:49, C.A.S. ). C.I.S.). Butte Co.: Yankee Hill, 9, V-12-49 (P. D. Glenn Co.: Arcois, 2 4 VI-3-53 (J. W. Mac Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). Swain, C.I.S.). Calaveras Co.: Mokelumne Hill, 9, IX-6-96 Inyo Co.: Big Creek, 7,500 ft., 9, VI-12-42, (Michener, 1939:50, C.A.S.). 8, VI-17-42 (R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.). Glacier Colusa Co.: College City, 2 2, VI-14-16, Lodge, 9, VII-30-53 (J. G. Rozen, C.I.S.). Lone flowers Grindelia and Medicago sativa, 9, VI- Pine, 9, V-24-37, flowers Sesuviwn sessile 17-16, flowers Grindelia, 6, VI-22-16, ?, VII-1G (C. D. Michener, K.U.); same locality, 3 mi. N., 16, flowers Grindelia (all collected by R. Stinch- 9,VII-3-53, flowers Asclepias (J. W. MacSwain, field, L.S., Jr., U.). Maxwell, 2 4 VIII-11-53 C.I.S.). (E. I. Schlinger, U.C.D.). Sycamore, 2, VII-I.5-16 Lake Co.: Blue Lakes, 9, V-16-22 (Michener, (R. Stinchfield, L.S., Jr., U.). 193949, C.A.S.). Contra Costa CO.: Antioch, 9, IX-8-48 (J. W. Lassen Co.: Bridge Geek Camp, 3, 2 9, VII- MacSwain, C.I.S.); 8, 9, V-8-50 (R. S. Beal, Jr., 949(P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S., K.U.). 2 4 9, same C.I.S.); 9, same data (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); data (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S., K.U.). Susan River 2 9, IX-23-51 (J. G. Rozen). Martinez, 6 VI- Camp, 8, Vu[-1649 (K. C. Bechtel, U.C.D.); 6 22-50 (J. E. Gillaspy, C.I.S.). Mt. Diablo, VI- same data (3. E. Gillaspy, C.I.S.); 6, same data 14-33 (Michener, 1939:50, G.E.B.); & V-18-47 (A. T. McClay, U.C.D.). (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 9, VII-10-47 (P. D. Los Angeles Co.: Altadena, & IX-13-34, Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 2 9, VII-16-53 (A. D. Telford, flowers Aster (C. D. Michener, K.U.). Big Pines U.C.D.). Oakley, 9, VIII-22-37 (E. C. Van Dyke, Camp, VI-17-27, flowers Erigeron foliosus var. K.U.). stenophyllzu (Michener, 193950, U.C.R.). Eagle 188 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Rock, 9, VII-1-36 (C. D. Michener, K.U.). La Placer Co.: Auburn, 6, VIII-24-18 (L. Bruner, Crescenta, 6, VIII-7-38 (R. M.. Bohart, C.I.S.). U.N.). Brockway, 8, 2 9, MI-1941 (G. E. Bohart, Pasadena, 9, IX-13-34, flowers Stephanomeria G.E.B.). Cisco, VI-18-36 (Michener, 1939:50). (C. D. Michener, K.U.). Piute Butte, q, V-1940 Colfax, 9, VI-18-36 (R. M. Bohart, U.C.D.). (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Puente Hills, 6, Plumas Co.: Bucks Lake, 6, VII-1-49 (W. F. V-11 (Micheher, 193950, U.C.R.). Snta Monica, Ehrhardt, U.C.D.). Lake Ahanor, 2 9, VII-8-49 3, VI-30-35 (Michener, 193950, C.I.S.); 4 9, (R. C. Bechtel, U.C.D.). VIII-15-35 (Michener, 1939:50, C.I.S.); 2 8 (F. Riverside Co.: Herkey Creek, San Jacinto C. Clark, C.A.S.). Swartout Valley, VI-3-28, Mountains, 9, VI-4-39 (E. S. ROSS, C.1.S.h 9, flowers Phacelia (Michener, 1939:50, U.C.R.). VI-11-39 (E. S. Ross, C.I.S.). Idyllwild, VII-22- Tanbark Flat, San Dimas Experimental Forest, 35 (Michener, 193950, U.C.R.). Keen Camp, San 6, VI-22-50 (H. L. Hansen, C.I.S.); 9, VII-2-50 Jacinto Mountains, 9v VI-10-39 (E. G. Linsley, (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 9, same data (A. T. K.U.); 2 9, same data (E. S. Ross, C.I.S.). McClay, U.C.D.); 4 VII-7-52 (A. T. McClay, Marion Mountain Camp, San Jacinto Mountains, U.C.D.); 9, VII-13-50 (P. 0. Hurd, Jr., K.U.). 9, VII-1-52 (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). Mt. San Westwood Hills, 2 9, VI-3-35 (E. G. Linsley, Jacinto, 4,000 ft., 4VI-6-42(R.M.Bohart,G.E.B.). C.I.S.); 2 9, VII-27-35 (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.); Riverside, 64 99, IV-1 to.XI-1, flowers Cryptan- 6, 8 9, VIII-11-35 (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S., K.U.). tha intermedia, Encelia farinosa, Erigeron foliosus Whittier, q, VIII-13-20 (Michener, 193950, var. stenophyllus, Eriogonum fasciculatum, Gilia U.C.R. 1. mult icaulis, Gutierrezia ca lifornica, Hemizonia, Madera Co.: Bass Lake, 4 9, VI-6-38 (Mich- Het erotheca grandiflora, Huge Iia uirgat a, Lot us ener, 193950, G.E.B.). americanus, Stephanomeria exigua (Michener, Mariposa Co.: El Portal, 2 C$ 9, V-18-38 (R. 1939:50, U.C.R.). The Gavilan, VI-21-38, flowers M. Bohart, G.E.B.). Mariposa, 4 6, VI-13-38, Hugelia uirgata (Michener, 1939:50, U.C.R.). flowers Nauurretia uiscidula (R. M. Bohart, Sacramento Co.: Sacramento, 9, IX-28-16 (L. G.E.B.); 4 VI-13-38 (J. R. Warren, K.U.); 9, Brunet, U.N. 1. VI-7-40 (T. H. G. Aitken, B. Brookman, M. A. San Bernardino Co.: Mill Creek, San Bernar- Cazier, C.I.S.). Wawona, 6, VI-6-42 (E. G. dino Mountains, 9, D(-7-38 (C. D. Michener, Linsley, C.I.S.). Vernal Falls, Yosemite, VI-27- K.U.). Tetley Park, San Bernardino Mountains, 26, flowers Aster adscendens var. yosemitanus V-23-36, flowers Potentilla glandulosa (Michener, (Michener, 193950, U.C.R.). 193750, U.C.R.). Merced Co.: Dos Palos, 6, VIII-6-50 (J. C. San Diego Co.: Campo, 9, VIII-1G35 (E. I. Hall, U.C.D.). Beamer, K.U.). Descanso and Japutul Roads, 9, Modoc Co.: Davis Creek, 9, VII-13-22 (Mich- VIII-16-46, flowers Gutierrizea californica (P. H. ener, 1939:49, C.A.S.). Timberlake, U.C.R.). Encinitas, s( (T. D. A. Mono Co.: Blanco?s Corral, White Mountains, Cockerell, K.U.). Julian, 9, IX-13-49 (R. A. 10,000 ft., 6, 9, VII-20-53 (J. W. MacSwain, Flock, U.C.R.). La J olla, 9, VIII-14-11 (Michener, C.I.S.). Grant Lake, 2 3, VIII-5-48, flowers 1939:50). Mission Valley, 9, IX-11-27 (J. C. Chrysothamnus (P. D. Hurd, Jr., and J. W. Mac von Bloeker, K.U.). Oceanside, 9, VIII-17-46, Swain, C.I.S.). flowers Grindelia elata (P. H. Timberlake, Monterey Co.: Hastings Natural History Reser- U.C.R.). Pala, 9, V-7-49(R. M. Bohart, U.C.D.). vation, near Jamesburg, V-21 to VI-1-38 (Mich- Warner Springs, UI-22-38 (Michener, 1939:50). ener, 1939:50). Jamesburg, 2 9, VIII-11-38 (Jean San Joaquin Co.: Stockton, 9, VI-12-16, Russel and R. I. Sailer, K.U.). flowers Grindelia camporum (R. Stinchfield, L.S., Napa Co.: Knoxville, 2 c$ 9, IX-1-53 (E. I. Jr., U.). Tracy, c$ VI-3-49 (J. W. MacSwain, Schlinger, U.C.D.). Samuel Spring, 9, V-30-53 C.I.S.); 9, VIII-1-47 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). (J. C. Hall, U.C.D.). Santa Barbara Co.: Santa Maria, VIII-15-36, Nevada Co.: Hobart Mills, 7 mi. N., 2 9, flowers Ifemizonia (Michener, 1939:50). Sunset VIII-26-48, flowers Chrysothamnus (J. W. Mac Valley, VII-14-38 (Michener, 1939:50). Swain, C.I.S.); 9,same data (R. I;. Smith, C.I.S.). Santa Clara Co.: Palo Alto (Michener, 1937 Jackson Creek, 4, VIII-5-51 (E. I. Schlinger, 50). San Anronio Ranger Station, 7 mi. S., 8 s, U.C.D.). Nevada City, 9, VI-26-49 (R. M. Bohart, 9, VI-27-53, flowers Monardella douglasii (C. D. U.C.D.). Sagehen, near Hobart Mills, 9, VII- MacNeill, C.I.S.); 32 6, 9, same data (G. A. 10-51, flowers Eupatorium occidentale (E. G. Marsh, C.I.S.); c$ same data (R. 0. Schuster, Linsley, C.I.S.); 9, VIII-26-52 (R. F. Smith, C.I.S.). San Antonio Valley, 3 9, IX-14-48 (R. v. C.I.S. ). d. Bosch, C.I.S.); 4 2, IX-14-48, flowers Eriogonum THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 189

(P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 8, VI-21-51 (W. C. Eldorado Co.: Echo Lake, 9, VII-21-48 (A. Bentinck, C.I.S.). San Francisquito Creek, Bartel, C.I.S.); 9, VII-14-51 (W. W. Middlekauff, Stanford University Campus, 8, IX-22-15, flowers K.U.). Pyramid R.S., 9, VIII-1-49 (J. W. Mac Verbena prostrata (R. Stinchfield, L.S., Jr., U.). Swain, C.I.S.). Solano Co.: Rio Vista, 9, V-14-49, flowers Fresno Co.: Huntington Lake, 7,000 ft., VII- Lotus (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). 12 (Michener, 193951); ?, VII-7-19 (E. P. Van Stanislaus Co.: Modesto, 9, X-3 to 6-33 (J. Duzee,C.A.S.); c$VII-22-19 (F. C. Clark, C.A.S.). C. Chamberlin, O.S.C.). Turlock, 88, ??, V-3 Inyo Co.: Rock Creek Lakes, 9,700 ft., VII- to VIII-I6 (R. R. Snelling). 9-34 (Michener, 193951). Bishop, 9, VII-28-49 Trinity Co.: Carrville, 2,400-2;500 ft., & (E. E. Kenaga, K.U.). VI-1 934 (G. E. B. ). Mono Co.: Mammoth Lakes, VII-24 and 25-36 Tulare Co.: Badger, 9, VI-26-29, flowers (Michener, 1939:51); 9, VII-27-36 (G. E. and Lessingia leptoclada (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.). Mammoth, &, VII-22-36, Coffee Camp, VI-25-53, flowers Senecio dou lasii 4 VIII-7-36 (G. E. and R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.). (Michener, 1939:50, U.C.R.). Wood Lake, f, IX- Dude Lake, 9, VIII-10-37 (G. E. and R. M. Bohart, 6-49, 9, IK-8-48 (N. W. Frazier, C.I.S.). G.E.B.). East Walker River, 9, VI-25-37, flowers Tuolumne Co.: Dodge Ridge, 8, VII-13-51 (E. Aster (C. D. Michener, K.U.). I. Schlinger, U.C.D.); 8, VII-15-51, 9, VII-18-51 Nevada Co.: Truckee, VI-17-27 (Michener, (A. T. McClay, U.C.D.). Pinecrest, 9, VIII-4-48, (Michener, 193951). flowers Solidago (P. D. Hurd, Jr., and J. W. Placer Co.: Donner Lake, 9, VIII-24-16 (L. MacSwain, C.I.S.); 8, VIII-19-51 (E. I. Schlinger, Bruner, U.N.). Lake Forest, Lake Tahoe, 8, U.C.D.); 9, VI-27-52 (J. I. Stage); 4 VII-12-53 VII-14-49, flowers Solidago (E. G. Linsley, (J. G. Rozen, C.I.S.). Strawberry, 9, VI-19-51 C.I.S.). Lake Tahoe, c?, 9, VIII-22-16, 8, VIII- (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.). Tuolumne City, 4 VI- 23-16 (L. Bruner, U.N.). 3-53,2 d: VI-14-53,2 & ?, VI-22-53 (J. G. Rozen, Shasta Co.: Mt. Lassen, 6,0058,000 ft., 5 9, C.I.S.). Twain-Harte, 8, 3 9, VII-1937, flowers VIII-2-38 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S., K.U.). Summit Grindelia (F. E. Blaisdell, C.A.S.). Lake, Mt. Lassen, 6,700 ft., VII-21 to 22-37 Yo10 Co.: Davis, 84 99, V-14 to VIII-30 (E. (Michener, 193 950). I. Schlinger, U.C.D.). Sierra Co.: Calpine, (TI 2 9, VIII-27-48, flowers In addition to the floral records enumerated Solidago (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S., K.U.); 9, VIII- above, this subspecies has been collected in 27-48, flowers Helianthus (R. F. Smith, C.I.S.). Idaho on flowers of Grindelia (Squaw Creek, 10 Gold Lake, ?, VII-11-21 (C. L. Fox, C.A.S.). miles east of Emmett); and in Oregon on flowers Sierraville, 9, VIII-26-48 (J. W. MacSwain, K.U.); of Aster (Scott Lake, Three Sisters), Grindelia 2 9, VIII-26-48, flowers Helianthus (R. F. Smith, (8miles east of Pendleton), atld G. nana((3ntario). C.I.S., K.U.). The subspecies florissaniensis has been Tulare Co.: Giant Forest, Sequoia National taken in Colorado on flowers of Aster (Cuchara Park, VII-18-23 (Michener, 1939:51); 9, VII-2-23 Camp), and Chtjrsolepis (near Monument Lake). (C. L. Fox, C.A.S.). Mineralking, IX-3-33, flowers The records of floral visitations for the sub- Aster (Michener, 193951); VIII-1 to 2-35 (Mich- species siermensis are listed in the treatment ener, 1939:51); 9, VIII-5-35 (G. E. Bohart, of that form. G.E.B.); 9, VIII-4-39 (C.I.S.). Tokopah Valley, Sequoia National Park, VIII-26-33, flowers Aster adscendens (Michener, 1339351). Ashmeadiella califomica sierraensis Michener Tuolumne Co.: Dardanelles, 6, VI-26-51 (A. T. McClay, U.C.D.); $?? same data (R. W. Morgan, Ashmeadie lla (Ashmeadie lla) calif ornica s ier- C.I.S.); ?, VII-13-51 (A. T. McClay, U.C.D.). raensis Michener, 1939, her. Midland Nat., Sonora Pass, 9, VII-12-51 (E. I. Schlinger, 22:51 c$ 9. Type $, Giant Forest (Sequoia U.C.D.). National Park), Tulare County, California Discussion : (Calif. Acad. Sci.)., This subspecies is very close to californica Geographic range: California (see map 92). proper and apparently intergrades completely California records: with it. It is peculiar in occupying a range in the Alpine Co.: Dead Man Canyon, 8,500 ft., d, higher Sierra Nevada completely surrounded by VI-26-37 (C. D. Michener, K.U.). Hope Valley, the more widely distributed subspecies cali- 9, VII-18-48 (K. W. Tucker, C.I.S.). lorn ica. Map 93. Distribution of Ashmeadiella cockerelli Michener. Map 94. Distribution of Ashmeadiella cubiceps ( son), the subspecies clypeata indicated by open circles, and the subspecies cubiceps by solid circles. THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFOKNIA 191

Map 75. Distribution of Ashmeadieila opuntiae (Cockerell). 192 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Ashmeadiella cockerelli Michener Opuntia parryi (Michener, 1939:52, U.C.R.); 2 8, IV-24-34, flowers Opuntia vaseyi (Michener, Ashmeadiella cockerelli Michener, 1936, Pan- 1939:52, U.C.R.). The Gavilan, 2 8, 9, V-2-52, Pacific Ent., 12:62, c.? Type 4 Altadena, flowers Opuntia parryi(P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); California (Univ. of Kansas). 2 9, V-28-52, same flower (P. H. Timberlake, Geographic range: California (see map 93). U. C.R. ). California records: (known only from the type). San Bernardino Co.: Arrastre Canyon, 2 4 Discussion : VI-20-41, flowers Echinocereus engelmannii (P. It seems likely that this species, described H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Cedar Canyon, Providence from a single specimen, was based on an abnormal Mountains, 9, V-27-50 (Michener, 1951:54, individual of A. californica californica. It is U.C.D.). Clark Mountains, 4,500 ft., 4 flowers smaller than most californica specimens, but Viguiera nevadensis (Michener, 1939:52, U.C.R.). equally small and otherwise typical californica San Diego Co.: Banner, 2 mi. E., 3, V-20-41 are known. Its distinctive feature is the short (R. C. Dickson, U.C.R.). San Felipe Creek, 9, rather than long median teeth of the sixth tergum. VI-5-36, flowers Opuntia megacarpa (Michener, Other cases are known where an occasional 193 9:5 2 1. individual differs from the species as a whole Dis c us s ion : in length of these teeth. This large species is easily recognized in the female by the broad clypeal truncation, the ends of which project somewhat (pl. 23, fig. 114). The A shmeadiella op un t iae (Cockere 11 ) male is easily recognizable because the distance (Pl. 23, fig. 114; pl. 24, fig. 137) from the posterior ocelli to the rear margin of the vertex is about one and one-half times the Heriades opurrtiae Cockerell, 1897, Ann. Mag. distance between the posterior ocelli. The sixth Nat. Hist., (6)20:139, 9. Type 3, Soledad metasomal sternum of the female is feebly de- Canyon, Organ Mountains, New Mexico. pressed medially, the punctures in the depression Synonyms: submaxima Michener, 1936; Ashmea- neither larger nor more widely separated than diella arizonensis Michener, 1939, Amer. Mus. those elsewhere, the punctation becoming finer Novitates, 875:3, d’(new synonym). toward the posterior margin of the sternum. Geographic range: Arizona, California, Colorado, This species is found principally in desert Mexico, New Mexico, Texas, and Utah (see regions, although occasionally outside of them. map 95). It is probably restricted in its pollen collecting California records: to flowers of Opuntia and other cacti. Imperial Co.: Mountain Spring, 3, IV-21-50 The name arizonensis is here placed in (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). Palo Verde, 12 mi. S., synonymy with opuntiae for the first time, al- 8, 1.V-30-52 (J. G. Rozen, C.I.S.). though the synonymy was suggested previously Inyo Co.: Big Pine Creek, 7,500 ft., q, VI- by Michener (1939). A series now available from 20-42 (R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.). southern Arizona shows that the supposed spe- Kern Co.: Willow Springs, q, IV-27-36 (Mich- cific characters are nonsegrega ble variations. ener, 1939:52, 1951:54, K.U.). A. opuntiae has been taken in Arizona on Los Angeles Co.: Whittier, 3 6, 111-13-26, flowers of Echinocactus (5 miles west of Oracle); f 1ow e r s Opunt ia (Mic he ne r , 193 9 :5 2). in Colorado on flowers of Penstemon, though the Mono Co.: Grant Lake, 9, VIII-5-48 (P. D. pollen on the scopa is that of Opuntia (Swiss- Hurd, Jr., and J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). vale); and in Texas on flowers of Opuntia at Riverside Co.: Cathedral City, d, 9, flowers Cotulla. Echinocactus cylindraceus (Michener, 1737:52). Palm Desert, 9, IV-ll-SO(P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); d, IV-24-50 (C. D. MacNeill, K.U.). Palm Canyon, d, IV-3-25, flowers Opuntia (P. H.. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Palm Springs, 9, V-17-17 (E. P. Van Subgenus Titasella Cockerell Duzee, C.A.S.); 6, 1V-2-37, llowers Opuntia echinocarpa (Michener, 1939:52, K.U.). Piiion The females of this subgenus have the mandibles Flat, San Jacinto Mountains (E. C. Van Dyke, unusually tcoadened apically, from four- to six- C.A.S.); 2 9, V-21-40, flowers Opuntia (C. D. toothed, and can be distinguished by this feature Michener, K.U.). Riverside, 9, IV-14-34, flowers alone from other subgenera. The mandibles are THE MEGACHILINE BEE‘S OF CALIFORNIA 193 not only broader but also longer than in Ashmead- Ashmeadiella s. str., since there are no sub- iella proper, so that they are more than twice generic characters that distinguish these sub- as long as the antennal scape. They also have genera in that sex. the clypeus shortened, and in California forms, lobte or emarginate apically and partly or largely impunctate (except with scattered punc- Ashmeadiella cubiceps (Cresson) tures in occasional specimens of A. cubiceps clypeata). Otherwise, Titusella is essentially as Heriades ? cubiceps Cresson, 1879, Trans. Amer. in Ashmeadiella proper, and, indeed, the gap Ent. SOC.,7:205, 2. between the two subgenera is parily bridged by Ashmeadiella cubiceps, Michener, 1939, Amer. A. fA.) califmica, A. (A.) opuntiae, and A. (T.) Midland Nat., 22:55. biscopula. The trends in this series of species Geographic range: California, Nevada, and Oregon are (1) increasing mandibular breadth (three- (see map 94). toothed in the first two, four-toothed in the third) Discuss ion: and (2) shortening of the clypeus and correlated This is the only California Ashmeadiella increasing breadth of the clypeal truncation. which is all black and has a largely impunctate Titusella is a small subgenus containing but or sparsely punctate clypeus in the female. As three species, only one of which occurs in in other members of the subgenus Titusella, the California. The others aie found in Arizona and sixth sternum of the female has no distinct con- the Rocky Mountains. The male of our species cavity or it is scarcely noticeable and the puncta- of Titusella is included in the key to males of tion is little coarser in it than elsewhere.

Key to the Subspecies of Ashmeadiella cubiceps

1. Median apical emargination of clypeus deep; distance from mandibular apex to inner apical tooth equal to distance from latter point to base of mandible . . . . .cubiceps (p. 193) Median apical emargination of clypeus shallow; distance from mandibular apex to inner apical tooth less than distance from latter point to base of mandible. . . . . clypeata (p. 193)

Ashmeadiella cu biceps cubiceps (Cresson) G.E.B.). Sardine Creek, 8,500 ft., 3, VII-6-51 (Pl. 23, fig. 115) (A. T. McClay, U.C.D.). Nevada Co.: Sagehen near Hobart Mills, 9, Heriades ? cubiceps Cresson, 1879, Trans. Amer. VIII-26-52 (R. F. Smith, C.I.S.). Truckee, 9, Ent. Soc., 7:205, 9. Type 9, Nevada (Acad. VII-4-27 (E. P. Van Duzee, C.A.S.). Nat. Sci. Phila.). Placer Co.: Glen Alpine Creek, Lake Tahoe, Geographic range: California, Nevada, and Oregon 9, VI-17-15 (E. P. Van Duzee, C.I.S.). (see map 94). Shasta Co.: Summit Lake, Mt. Lassen, 9, California records: 6,700 ft., VII-21, 22-37 (Michener, 1939:56, Alpine Co.: Hope Valley, 9, VII-18-48 (P. D. U. C. R. ). Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 9, same data (K. W. Tucker, Sierra Co.: Gold Lake, 4 9, VII-25-21 (Mich- C.I.S.); 9, same data (C. D, MacNeill, C.I.S.). ener, 193956, C.A.S.). Eldorado Co.: Echo Lake, 9, VII-21-48 (1’. D. Tulare Co. : Monanche Meadows, VII-26-35 Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). Camp Snowline, 9, VI-25-48 (Michener, 193956). (P. D. Hurd, Jt., C.I.S.). Discuss ion : Lassen Co.: Bridge Creek Camp, 9, VII-9-49 In California this subspecies is found only (W. F. Ehrhardt, U.C.D.). Summit Camp, q9 VI- at rather high altitudes in the Sierra Nevada. 28-49 (W. F. Ehrhardt, U.C.D:). Madera Co.: Agnew Meadows, 9, VII-30-36 (Michener, 193956, U.C.D.). As hmeadiella cu bicep s cl ypeata (Michene r ) Mono Co.: Mammoth, 9, VII-19-33, 9, VIII-5- 36 (G. E. and R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.). Dead Man’s Titusella clypeata Michener, 1936, Bull. So. Creek, 9, VII-28-36 (G. E. and R. M. Bohart, Calif. Acad. Sci., 35:93, 9. Type 9, Eagle P THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 195

Rock Hills, Los Angeles County, California regions. It intergrades completely with cubiceps (Calif. Acad. Sci.). proper on the slopes of the Sierra Nevada. Geographic range: California (see map 94). California records: Inyo Co.: Westgard Pass, 9, VI-15-37 (Mich- ener, 193957, G.E.B.); same locality, 7 mi. W., Subgenus Arogochila Michener 2 2, VI-19-53, flowers EnceZia(J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.); 3 2, VI-24-53, (J. W. MacSwain, C1.S.); In the females of this subgenus, the clypeus is 2 9, VI-26-5'3 (H. Nakakihara, C1.S.). Lone usually produced to a lobate or snoutlike apex, Pine, 9, V-24-37 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.). overhanging the base of the labrum. In a few rare Mazourka Canyon, 9, VII-3-53 (J. W. kcswain, species, the median part of the clypeus is trun- C.I.S. 1. cate, but the construction is quite different from Fresno Co.: Mendota, 46 d, 12 9, IV-23-49, that of Ashrneadiella proper, for the margins flowers Melilotus (Michener, 1951 :54, C.I.S., laterad to the truncation are not straight and K.U.). oblique as in that subgenus, but bear a small Los Angeles Co.: Mint Canyon, V-3-36, flowers lobe, or at least a shoulder, on each side of the Cryptantha (Michener, 1939:57). Little Rock, 2 truncation. The brushes of orange hair beneath c?, IV-11-36 (Michener, 1937:57, G.E.B.). Mojave the clypeal margin of the female are reduced or Desert, Highway 138, 3,600 ft., 9, V-13-44, absent. The apex of the labrum is commonly flowers Stenotopsis linearifolius (P. H. Timber- emarginate, although there are exceptions (e.g., lake, U.C.R.). male cazieri). The hypostomal carinae are ele- Mono Co.: Deadman Creek, VII-28-36 (Michener, vated and produced at their posterior extremities 1939:36). Mammoth, VII-19-33 (Michener, 1939:57). in females. The mandibles of the female are Nevada Co.: Truckee, 9, VII-4-27 (Michener, slender, more than twice as iong as the antennal 193957, G.E.B.). scape, usually tridentate, but in a few rare Riverside Co.: Riverside, V-5-37, flowers species quadridentate. The sixth metasomal Cbaenactis (Michener, 1939:57). sternum of the female is not depressed and is San Bernardino Co.: Windmill Station, Q, IV- punctate throughout. 6-53, flowers Sphaeralcea (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.). This is a large subgenus, the females of San kteo Co.: Visitation Valley, 9, VI-4-23 which are quite easily identified by the excellent (Michener, 1939:57, C.A.S.). specific characters of the clypeus. Fifteen Santa Cruz Co.: Felton, 9, VI-11-52, flowers species are known, all from western North Haplopappus (R. H. Beamer, K.U.). America. D is cuss ion: Males of Corythochila and Cubitognatha are This subspecies is known principally from included in the keys below, since no subgeneric mesic regions at low and middle altitudes. A few characters distinguish them from Arogochila in records are, however, from thoroughly desert that sex.

Key to the California Species of the Subgenus Arogochila

Males

(Including the males of the subgenera Corythochila and Cubitognatha)

1. Teeth of sixth metasomal tergum low, and rounded; lateral ones with apex a very obtuse angle, median ones generally much broader than long (fig. 139); metasoma red, or terga with small black areas medially ...... eurynorbyncba (p. 205) Teeth of sixth metasomal tergum longer, lateral ones with apices about right angular, median ones generally longer than broad; metasoma with much more black ...... 2 2(1). Median teeth of sixth metasomal tergum much less than twice as long as broad . . . . 3 Median teeth of sixth metasomal tergum twice as long as broad (pl. 24, fig. 141) (anterior rnargin of clypeus not emarginate medially)...... australis (p. 209) 196 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

3(2). Punctures of clypeus fine and close, except for the thickened, shiny, impunctate, usually somewhat concave anterior margin ...... 4 Punctures of clypeus coarse and rather widely separated; anterior margin not, or hardly, emarginate (metasorna black) ...... /oxiella (p. 197) 4(3). Distance between posterior ocelli considerably more than distance to nearest eye margin; genal areas little over half as wide as eyes, seen from side ...... 5 Distance between posterior ocelli about equal to distance to nearest eye margin; genal areas much more than half as wide as eyes, seen from side ...... 8 S(4). Concavity of anterior margin of clypeus narrower than distance between antennae and delimited laterally by a distinct angle on each side...... 6 Concavity of margin of clypeus weak, as broad as, or broader than, distance between antennae, and not distinctly delimited laterally by angles ...... cazien'(p. 208) 6(5). Metasomalargely red; clypeus covered with white pubescence ...... 7 Metasoma black; clypeus covered with pubescence only laterally . . clypeodentata (p. 205) 7(6). Lower parts of cheeks and areas between eyes and lateral ocelli with punctures approximate or nearly so; hind tibial spurs strongly toothed . . (Corythoch.ila) inyoensis(p. 211, 213) Lower parts of cheeks and areas between eyes and lateral ocelli with punctures often rather widely separated; hind tibial spurs nearly edentate .. .( Corythochila) breviceps (p. 211) 8(4). Posterior legs black; clypeal emargination not bounded by angles ...... 9 Posterior femora largely red; clypeal emargination bounded by distinct angles .... 10 9(8). Sixth rnetasomal tergum largely black; length 5 to 6 mm...... salviae(p. 208) Sixth nietasomal tergum red except for small central spot; length 4.5 to 5 mm...... stenognatha(p. 205) lO(8). Clypeal punctures at least as coarse as those of frons and vertex and separated by a little shining ground; red of metasoma less extensive, there being a large black area on first metasomal tergum ...... 11 Clypeal punctures exceedingly dense and finer than those on frons and verteq red of metasoma extensive, there being little or no black on first tergum ...... ( Cubitognatha) xenomastax (p. 2 15) ll(10). Punctures of posterior half of dorsum of second metasomal tergum separated by more than their diameters; red markings dark red; lateral teeth of sixth metasomal tergum black ...... lateralis (p. 202) Punctures of posterior half of dorsum of second tergum usually separated by less than their diameters; red markings light red; lateral teeth of sixth tergum red . . timberlakei (p. 199)

Females

1. Median apical lobe of clypeus conspicuous, not truncate, not more than three times as broad as long ...... 2 Median apical lobe of clypeus inconspicuous, broadly truncate, several to many times as broad as long ...... 9 2(1). Notches separating median from lateral lobes of clypeus deep, nearly parallel sided (if more or less V-shaped, deeper than broad); median lobe of clypeus broad, narrower basally than subapically or medially ...... 3 Notches separating median from lateral lobes of clypeus variable, V-shaped, or if nearly parallel-sided, then several times as broad as deep, sometimes nearly wanting; median lobe of clypeus broadest basally, tapering apically (except in etema) ...... 5 3(2). Apical part of median lobe of clypeus short, so that lobe is widest subapically; metasorna not all red ...... 4 THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 197

Apical part of median lobe of clypeus elongated so that lobe is widest in the middle (pl. 24, fig. 125); metasoma red ...... eutynorhyncha (p. 205) Emargination of median lobe of clypeus broad and shallow (pl. 23, fig. 119); lateral lobes of clypeus rounded; metasoma black ...... clypeodentata (p. 205) Emargination of median lobe of clypeus deep and narrow (pi. 23, fig. 120); lateral lobes of clypeus acutely pointed; metasoma red laterally ...... stenognatha (p. 205) Median lobe of clypeus larger and lateral lobes smaller, so that line drawn between their apices cuts median lobe in basal half; median lobe not, or but weakly, notched at apex. .6 Line drawn between apices of lateral lobes of clypeus crosses median lobe in its apical half; median lobe notched at apex (pl. 23, figs. 117, 118) ...... timberlakei (p. 199) Apex of labrum tapering to a notched or narrowly truncate apex less than half as wide as mandible at narrowest point...... 7 Apex of labrum bidentate, apices of teeth separated by a distance about equal to width of mandible at narrowest point...... 8 Median lobe of clypeus with lateral margins subparallel, either converging, or diverging apically, its upper surface projecting at an angle of 90° to llOo to lower part of disc of clypeus (pl. 23, fig. 121); disc of clypeus with punctures separated by a puncture width medially ...... eremu (p. 208) Median lobe of clypeus with lateral margins strongly converging, often almost at right angles to one another, its upper surface projecting at an angle of about 135' to lower part of disc of clypeus (pl. 24, fig. 123); disc of clypeus with punctures separated by less than a puncture width ...... cazien (p. 208) Median lobe of clypeus directed forward, nearly at right angles to adjacent disc of clypeus, its margin not irregular (pl. 23, fig. 122) ...... saluiae(p. 208) Median lobe of clypeus directed downward, its margin irregularly eroded . .australis (p. 209) Lateral lobes of clypeus mere rounded angles exceeded by median lobe ...... 10 Lateral lobes of clypeus acute, exceeding median lobe (pl. 24, fig. 1241, metasoma black ...... sculleni(p. 199) Median lobe of clypeus projecting much beyond lateral lobes; width of median lobe about two-thirds distance from side of median lobe to lateral angle of clypeus (p1.23, fig.116). .l 1 Median lobe of clypeus projecting but little beyond lateral lobes; width of median lobe slightly less than distance from side of median lobe to lateral angle of clypeus. .barben' (p. 197) 1NO). Metasoma with extensive red areas laterally ...... leachi (p. 199) Metasoma black ...... foxiella (p. 197)

Ashmeadiella barberi Michener Ashrneadiella foxiella Michener (Pl. 23, fig. 116)

Ashmead ie 1la ( Arogoc h ila) barber i Mi ch en er , Ashmeadiella (Arogochila) foxiella Michener, 1939, Amer. Midland Nat., 22:61, 2. Type 9, 1939, Amer. Midland Nat., 22:73, $. Type 8, Ashfork, Arizona (US.Nat. Mus.). Eagle Ridge, Klamath Lake, Oregon (Calif. Geographic range : Arizona. Acad. Sci.). Discussion : Synonym: washingtonensis Michener, 1939. This species is known only from Ashfork, Geographic range: California, Idaho, Oregon, and Arizona. It is included here since it may be dis- Washington (see map 96). covered in eastern California. It is closely re- California records :- lated to A. leachi; differentiating features are Nevada Co.: Truckee, 6, VI-19-27, 2 3, VI- discussed under that species. 20-27 (Michener, 1939:74, C.A.S.). Map 99. Distribution of Ashmeadiella timberlakei Mich- Map 98. Distribution of Ashmeadiella sculleni Michener. ener, the subspecies solida indicated by solid circles, and the subspecies timberlakei by open circles. THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 199

Shasta Co.: Hat Creek, 6. 2 9, VI-4-41, flowers but differs in its slightly finer punctation, the whitish Penstemon (Michener, 1942:50, K.U.). shorter and broader head, and the presence of gurney, 5 mi. E., 3 4 VI-8-41, flowers Phacelia red on the metasoma. A. leachi may be only a (C. D. Michener, K.U.). subspecies of foxiella. Discuss ion: Among the Arogochila without red markings, the female of this species is unique in its lack Ashmeadiella sculleni Michener of clypeal lobes on either side of the median (Pl. 24, fig. 124) clypeal truncation (pl. 23, fig. 116). The male may be distinguished from all other black species Ashmeadiella (Arogochila) sculleni Michener, of Arogochila by the coarse and well-separated 1939, Amer. Midland Nat., 22:60, 9. Type 9, clypeal punctures. The fema€e of this species Burns, Oregon (Calif. Acad. Sci.). was described in 1939 under the specific name Geographic range: Oregon (see map 98). washingtonensis Michener. The association of Dis c us s ion : the sexes was established in a subsequent This species is as yet known only from Burns paper (Michener, 1942). and Cornucopia, Oregon; it may be expected, however, in northeastern California. It is a large species without red areas. It is the only species with a short, broadly truncate median clypeal Ashmeadiella leachi Michener projection (pi. 24, fig. 124) that has tridentate mandibles. Ashmeadiella (Arogochila) leachi Michener, 1949, Jour. Kansas Ent. SOC., 22:43, 9. Type 9, Inyo County, California (Calif. Acad. Sci,). Geographic range: California (see map 97). Ashmeadiella timberlakei Michener California records: San Bernardino Co.: Vidal Jct., 7 mi. N., 2 9, Ashmeadiella tiniberlakei Michener, 1936, Pan- IV-3-51 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). Pacific Ent., 12:56, J, 8. Discussion: Ashmeadiella (Arogochila) timberlakei, Michener, This species, known only from two localities, 1939, Amer. Midland Nat., 22:66-68, 4 9. is a representative of a group of species (foxiella, Geographic range: California, Nevada, and Oregon barberi, leachi) in which the median lobe of the (see map 99). clypeus of the female is short and broadly trun- Discussion: cate, but exceeding the lateral lobes (mere This is the commonest Arogochila outside shoulders in ioxiella), and in which the mandibles the desert regions in California. The female may are quadridentate. A. leachi is the only member be recognized by the medially elevated hypo- of this group, known to occur in California, that stomal carinae, a character not shared by other has red on the metasoma. A. barberi, however, California Ashmeadiella. The hypostomal areas occurs in Arizona not far from the California are also convex medially, lateral to the elevation border. A. leachi is related to barberi, but differs or angle of the carina. The related species, in its smaller size (4.5 mm.), in the more pro- lutzi, from southwestern Colorado and Utah, duced and keeled median lobe of the clypeus,and is the only other form having this configuration in the shorter and broader head(as long as broad, of the hypostomal carinae and areas. It seems longer than broad in barberi). It is actually probable that timberlakei is a subspecies of much more closely related to A. foxiella, having lutzi, but specimens from intervening regions a clypeal margin almost exactly like that species, which might show this relationship are unknown.

Key to the Subspecies of Ashmeadiella timberlakei Males

1. Labrum distinctly emarginate apically ...... t imberlakei (p. 200) Labrum but slightly emarginate apically ...... solida (p. 202) 200 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY Females

1. Median lobe of clypeus nearly three times as broad as long (pl. 23, fig. 117) ...... timbe~lakei(p. 200) Median lobe of clypeus somewhat more than twice as broad as long (pl. 23, fig. 118) ...... soIidu(p. 202)

Ashmeadiella timberlakei timberlakei Michener Lotus (C. D. Michener, K.U.). Keen Camp, 6, (Pl. 23, fig. 117) VI-6 to 12-17 (Michener, 1939:67, C.A.S.); same locality, 8 mi. W., 9, V-17-39 (E. S. ROSS, C.I.S.). Ashmeadiella timberlakei Michener, 1936, Pan- Idyllwild, 9, VI-25-28 (Michener, 193967, C.A.S.); Pacific Ent., 12:56, 6, ?. Type ?, Altadena, c$ VII-22-33, flowers Lotus argopbyhs (P. H. California (Calif. Acad. Sci.). Timberlake, U.C.R.); 9, VI-5-40, flowers Lotus Geographic range: California (see map 99). (C. D. Michener, K.U.); 6, 3 9, VI-13-40 (E. C. Ca lif or nia re c ords : Van Dyke, C.A.S.). Marion Mountain Camp, San Los Angeles Co.: Altadena, 2 q, VII-3-36, Jacinto Mountains, 4 6, 9, VII-1-52 (J. W. Mac flowers Phacelia ramosissima (C. D. Michener, Swain, C.I.S.). Mt. San Jacinto, 4,000 ft., 2 6, Y.U.). Big Pines Camp, 9, VII-12-27, flowers 9, VI-6-42 (R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.). Murrieta, 3 6, Phacelia heterophylla (Michener, 1939:67); $!, IV-18-50 (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). Palm Canyon, VII-13-27, flowers Phacelia ramosissima (P. H. 9, IV-15-38 (G.E.B.). Perris, 1% mi. W., 6, V- Timberlake, U.C.R.). Claremont, 8, V-4-45, 14-48, flowers Lotus scoparius (P. H. Timberlake, flowers Cryptmtha intermedia (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Pine Cove, San Jacinto Mountains, 8, U.C.R.). Crystal Lake, 9, VI-29-50 (P. D. Hurd, VI-3-39, flowers Lotus dauidsonii (P. H. Timber- Jr., C.I.S.). Lone Pine Canyon, 4,000 ft., VI- lake, U.C.R.). Piiion Flat, San Jacinto Mountains, 6-22, flowers Lotus scoparius (Michener, 1939: 5 9, VI-4-39, flowers Lupinus concinnus (P. H. 67); 9, VI-16-28, flowers Lotus scoparius (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Riverside, 36, 99, III-19 Timberlake, U.C.R.). Mint Canyon, 4 V-3-36, to V-24, flowers Lotus glaber, and L. scoparius flowers Chaenactis (E. G. Linsley, K.U.). Mt. (Michener, 1939:67, U.C.R.). San Jacinto River, Wilson, 9, Aug. (K.U.). Palmdale, IV-11-36 8, V-30-40, flowers Phaceliu (C. D. Michener, (Michener, 1939:68). Puente Hills, V-11-30 K.U.). Santa Rosa Mountain, 6,000-7,500 ft., (Michener, 193967, U.C.R.). Sheep Creek, San V-31-40? flowers Lotus dauidsonii (C. D. Michener, Gabriel Mountains, VI-3-28, flowers Lotus K.U.). Stone Creek, San Jacinto Mountains, 2 6, scoparius (Michener, 193967, U.C.R.). Swartout 3 9, VI-21-40, flowers Lotus scoparius (P. H. Valley, VI-3-2 8, flowers Phacelia dauidsonii Timberlake, U.C.R.). Temecula to Wamers, 9, (Michener, 193967, U.C.R.). Tanbark Flat, San V-2041 (R. C. Dicksan, U.C.R.). Temecula, 10 Dimas Experimental Forest, 2 9, VI-22-50 (P. D. mi. S.E., 9, IV-18-50, flowers Lotus (E. G. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); ?,VI-23-5O(J. C. Hall, U.C.D.); Linsley, C.I.S.). The Gavilan, VI-24-38, fiowers 9, VI-25-50 (T. R. big, C.1.S.h 9, same data Lotus scoparius (Michener, 1939:67, U.C.R .). (P. D. Hurd, Jr., K.U.); 2 9, same data (J. W. San Bernardino Co.: Big Bear Lake, 6, VII- MacSwain, C.I.S.); 5 9, same data (F. X. Williams, 3-34 (I. McCracken, C.A.S.). Cajon Valley, VII- C.A.S.); 3 9, VI-30-50 (A. T. McClay, U.C.D.); 4-33, flowers Lotus scoparius (Mchenet, 1939:67, 2 9, VII-2-50, flowers Lotus (P. D. Hurd, Jr., U.C.R.). Green Valley, VI-9-33, flowers Lotus C.I.S.); 9, VII-3-50 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); scoparius (Michener, 193967, U.C.R.). Lake 3 $, VII-7-52 (A. T. McClay, U.C.R.); 9, VII- Arrowhead, VII-20-35 (Michener, 193967, U.C.R.). 11-52 (K. M. Bohart, U.C.D.). Morongo, 9, IV-19-37, flowers Lotus arizonicus Riverside Co.:. Andreas Canyon near Palm (Michener, 193968, U.C.R.); 6, IV-20 (T. D. A. Springs, IV-11-36, flowers Eriodictyon trichocalyx Cockerell, K.U.); 9, V-7-39, flowers Daleu (Michener, 1939:67). Dark Canyon, San Jacinto cuLifornicu (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Mountains, 3, VI-15-40 (C.1.S.); 3 9, VI-21-40, San Diego Co.: Campo, 6, VI-20-39 (R. M. flowers Lotus scoparius (P. H. Timberlake, Bohart, U.C.D.). La Yesa, 9, IV-2-53 (F. X. U.C.R.). Fern Basin, San Jacinto Mountains, Williams, C. A. S. ). 6,000 ft., d”, 9,VI-15-40, flowers Lotus duuidsonii San Luis Obispo Co.: San Luis Obispo, 9, (C. D. Michener, C.I.S., K.U.). Herkey Creek, VI-1 5-38, flowers blue PhaceLia (I. McCracken, San Jacinto Mountains, 9, VI-10-40, flowers C.A.S. ). Lp 100. Distribution of Ashmeadiel la lateralis Michener. Map 101. Distribution of Ashmeadiella eurynorhyncha Michener. 202 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Ashmeadiella timberlakei solida Michener Nevada Co.: Nevada City, $!, VI-26-49 (R. M. (Pl. 23, fig. 118; pl. 24, fig. 138) Bohart, U.C.D.). Placer Co.: Brockway, c$ VII-1941 (G. E. Ashmeadiella (Arogochila) tirnberlakei solida Bohart, G.E.B.). Michener, 1939, Amer. Midland Nat., 22:68, Plumas Co.: Quincy, 4 mi. W., 9, VI-22-49 2, 9. ~ype8, Lone Pine, ~nyoCounty, Cali- (W. F. Ehrhardt, U.C.D.); 6, VI-24-49 (P. D. fornia (Calif. Acad. Sci.). Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); & 9, VI-26-49 (W. F. Ehrhardt, Geographic range: California, Nevada, and Oregon U.C.D.); 9, same data (E. I. Schlinger, U.C.D.); (see map 99). 9, VI-29-49, €lowers Phacelia (P. D. Hurd, Jr., California records: C.I.S.); 9, VI-30-49 (W. F. Ehrhardt, U.C.D.); Contra Costa Co.: Antioch, 6, 9, V-2633 3 9, VI-30-49, flowers Pbaceliu (P. D. Hurd, (G. E. and R. M. Bohart, K.U.); 6, V-11-37 (G. JK., c.I.s., K.u.); 9, VII-6-49 (J. W. MacSwain, E. and R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.); IV-18, IV-21, V-5 C.I.S.). (Michener, 193967); 4 IV-23-50 (P. D. Hurd, Santa Clara Co.: Alum Rock Park, 2 9, V-22- Jr., C.I.S.); 6, V-8-50 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). 52 (D. Burdick). San Antonio Ranger Station, ?, Mt. Diablo, 2 4 9, V-7-39 (C.I.S., K.U.). VI-27-53 (G. A. Marsh, C.I.S.). Eldorado Co.: China Flat, 4 VI-28-48 (K. W. Santa Guz Co.: 9, VI-1-36 (G.E.B.). Tucker, C.I.S.). Snowhe Camp, 9, VI-25-48 Shasta Co.: Burney, 5 mi. E., 2 9, VI-8-41, (J. W. MacSwain, K.U.); 9, VII-20-48 (P. D. flowers Phacelia (Michener, 1942:50, K.U.). Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). Strawberry, 6, 3 9, VII-1-50 Tulare Co.: Badger, VI-26-29, flowers Lotus (C. D. Michener, K.U ). neuadensis (Michener, 193967, U.C.R.). Coffee Fresno Co.: Coalinga (near), 2 2, VI-8-41 Camp, VI-8-25, flowers Lotus glaber (Michener, (R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.). Delpiedra, 5 mi. W., C$ 193 9:6 7); VI-2 5- 2 9, flowers Trif ol ium vat iega t urn IV-25-53, flowers Trifolium (H. L. Hansen, (Michener, 1939:67). Giant Forest, 2 9, VII-22-23 C.I.S.). Huntington Lake, 7,000 ft., 9, VII-4-19 (Michener, 1939:67, C.A.S.). Mineralking, 8,000 (Michener, 1939:67, C.A.S.). ft., .9, VII-7-42 (R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.); 8, VIII- Jnyo Co.: Big Pine, Glacier Lodge, c$ 2 9, 1-35 (Michener, 193967, G.E.B.). VI-23-37 (E. C. Van Dyke, K.U.). Bishop Creek, Tuolumne Co.: -Pinecrest, 2 9, VII-2-52, 8,000 ft., VI-22-37, flowers Nama rotbrockii flowers Solidago californica (J. I. Stage). Straw- (Michener, 193968, K.U.). Glacier Lodge, 1% berry, 4 9, VI-21-51, 6, 2 9, VI-23-51, 2 6, 2 9, mi. E., VI-21-37 (Michener, 193968). Lone Pine, VI-18-51, 2 6, VII-15-51, 9, VII-14-51 (J. W. 8, 4 9, V-19-37, V-24-37, VI-5-37, flowers MacSwain, C.I.S., K.U.); 8, VI-13.51, 6, VI-23-51 Astragalus bolanderi (Michener, 1939:68, C.A.S., (A. T. McClay, U.C.D.); 2 9, VII-5-53, 2 C$ VII- K.U.); 8, V-24-37 (G.E.B.); 9, VI-637 (E. C. 10-53, flowers Lot= (J. G. Rozen, C.I.S.). Van Dyke, K.U.). Westgard Pass, 3 mi. W., 2 9, Dis cussion : VI-19-53, flowers Astragalus (J. W. MacSwain, The name solida is here interpreted in a C.I.S.). broader sense than previously. It was based on Lake Co.: Cobb Mountain, 2 6 9, V-7-36 series of large specimens from east of the Sierra (Michener, 193967, G.E.B.). Nevada, characterized further by the slightly Madera Co.: Bass Lake, 4 4 VI-6-38 (Michener, longer median clypeal lobe of the females (pl. 1933.67, G.E.B., U.C.R.). 23, fig. 118) and the not, or scarcely, emarginate Marin Co.: Tamalpais, VII-20-36, flowers labrum of the males. All cismontane populations Lotus glaber (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). were then called timberlakei proper. It is now Mariposa Co.: El Portal, 2 6, V-23-38 (Mich- evident that cismontane populations of central ener, 1939:67, G.E.B., U.C.D.). Yosemite, 3,880- and northern California are intermediate between 4,000 ft., 3 S, VI-16-38 (R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.); solida and typical timberlakei from southern V-3 1-38 (Michener , 1939 67). California. They have &en assigned rather Mono Co.: Blanco’s Corral, White Mountains, arbitrarily to the subspecies solida. 10,000 ft., 9, VU-23-53 (J. W. MacSwain, C1.S.). Monterey Co.: Hastings Natural History Reser- Ashmeadiella latera lis Michener vation, near Jamesbutg, 2,000 ft., 9, V-22-38, 9, VI-1-38 (Michener, 193967, K.TJ.). Ashmeadiella lateralis Michener, 1936, Pan- Nap Co.: 4 2 9, VIII-6-39 (C. D. Michener, Pacific Ent., 12:60, 6. Type & Eagle Rock K.U.). Putah Canyon, 4 V-25-51 (E. I. Schlinger, Hills, Los Angeles County, California (Univ. U. C. D. ). of Kansas). THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 203

Map 102. Distribution of AshmeadielIa clypeodentata Michener, the subspecies clypeodentata indicated by solid circles, the subspecies simpliciot by open circles.

THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 205

Geographic range: California (see map 100). Ashmeadiella eurynorhyncha Michener Discuss ion: (Pl. 24, figs. 125, 139) This species is known from the unique male holotype. A regxamination of the type supports Ashmeudiella (Arogochila) eurynorhyncha Mich- the suspicion expressed previously (Michener, ener, 1939, Amer. Midland Nat., 22:62, 3, 9. 1939) that lateralis is a synonym of timberlakei. Type 9, west of Lone Pine, Inyo County, Nonetheless, in a large series of that species California, 6,500 ft. (Calif. Acad. Sci.). available, no specimen exists that matches the Geographic range: California (see map 101). peculiar characters of lateralis. These characters California records: are the darkness of the red coloration, ip limita- Inyo Co.: Argus Mts., V-28-37 (Michener, tion to the sides of the metasoma (the lateral 1939:63). Independence, 9, VII-2-37 (G.E.B.). teeth at the apex of the metasoma are dark red), Lone Pine (west of), 3 C$ 5 9, V-19-37, on sand the coarse punctation of the scutum compared (Michener, 1939:63). Lone Pine, V-19-37 (Mich- to that of the vertex, and especially the narrower ener, 193963); 9, V-21-37 (C.I.S.). Mazourka median truncation of the apex of the clypeus, Canyon, Inyo Mountains, V-25-37, flowers Dalea which is not broadly concave as in tiniberlakei. Jremontii (Michener, 1939:63). Westgard Pass, 9, V-18-47 (K. M. Bohart, U.C.D.); same locality, 7 mi. W., 2 9, VI-26-53, flowers Dalea (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). Ashmeadiella clypeodentard clypeodentata Riverside Co.: Cottonwood Springs, Joshua Michener Tree National Monument, $!, IV-12-50 (W. F. (Pl. 23, fig. 119) Barr, U.I.). Discuss ion: Ashmeadiella clypeodentata Michener, 1936, Pan- The metasoma of this small desert species is Pacific Ent., 12:57, s). Type $!,Puerto Refugio, 6 largely or wholly red. This species differs Angel de la Guania Island, Gulf of California further from A. stenognatha in having the median (Calif. Acad. Sci.). lobe of the clypeus not, or scarcely, notched (fig. Geographic range: California and Mexico. A sub- 12 5). species, simplicior Michener, has been recently described from Arizona and western Texas (see map 102). California records: Imperial Co.: Kane Springs, 6.2 mi. S.E., 9, IV-15-49, flowers Dalea emoryi (P. H. Timber- Ashmeadiella stenognatha Michener lake, U.C.R.). Mexicali, 20 mi. W., ?, IV-19-39, (Pl. 23, fig. 120) flowers Prosopis (C. D. Michener, K.U.). Riverside Co.: Indio, 5 mi. W., IV-10-36, flowers Prosopis chilensis glandulosa (Michener, Ashmeadiella (Arogochila) stenognatha Michener, 1939:65). Dos Palmos (Michener, 1939:65). Box 1939, Amer. Midland Nat., 22:63, $. Type 9, Canyon, 9, 111-3-34, flowers Cercidium torreyanum east side of bft. Baldy, Panamint Mountains, (Michener, 1939:65); $!,IV-14-35, flowers Cerci- Inyo County, California, 9,000 ft. (Calif. dium torreyanum (Michener, 193965). Painted Acad. Sci.). Canyon, 2 6, IV-18-25, flowers Cercidium Geographic range: California (see map 103). torreyanum and Prosopis chilensis glandulosa Calif orn ia re cords : (Michener, 1939:65). Palm Springs, 9, IV-9-36, Madera Co.: San Joaquin Experimental Range flowers Cercidium torreyanum (Michener, 1937 near O’Neals, 2 8, IV-18-53, flowers Phacelia 65). Banning, 3, V-3-25, flowers Phacelia hispida platyloba (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Discuss ion: San Bernardino Co.: Bennett Wash, Parker This species, known only from two localities, Dam, 9,IV-22-51 (C. D. MacNeill, C.I.S.). is black with the metasoma partly red. It is San Diego Co.: The Narrows, Anza State Park, probably most closely related to A. eurynorhyncha, 2 mi. W., 6, 9,IV-22-51 (R. C. Bechtel, U.C.D.). but differs in having a shorter, broader face. Discussion: The median lobe of the clypeus of the female This is our only desert species of Arogochila is broad, with a narrow median apical notch (pl. which lacks red marking. 23, fig. 120). 206 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Map 105. Distribution of Ashmeadiella erema Michenet.

208 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Ashmeadiella erema Michener California records: (Pl. 23, fig. 121) Inyo Co.: Inyo Mountains, c$ V-23-37 (W. C. Reeves, K.U.). Mazourka Canyon, Inyo Mountains, Ashmeadiella (Arogochila) eremu Michener, 1739, V-2 5-3 7, flowers Da 1ea fremont ii (Mic h ener , Amer. Midland Nat., 22:65, 9. Type 9, west 1939:73). Surprise Canyon, Panamint Mountains, side of Westgard Pass, Inyo County, California, 2 ~3, 8 9, IV-28-53, flowers Dalea fremontii (P. flowers Dalea fremontii (Calif. Acad. Sci.). D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). Wcstgard Pass (west side), Geographic range: Arizona, California, and Texas V-27-37, flowers Dalea /remontii (Michener, 1939 (see map 105). 73, same locality, 7 mi. W., 4 9, VI-26-53, flowers Ca 1if orn ia re c ords : Dalea (J.W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). Inyo Co.: Mazourka Canyon, Inyo Mountains, Riverside Co.: Box Canyon, 111-31-2 9, flowers 9, V-25-37, flowers Dalea fremontii (Michener, Cercidium torreyanum (Michener, 1737:73). Dos 1739:66). Westgard Pass (west side), 2 9, VI- Palmos, J, 2 9, III-28-34 (Michener, 1737:73, 15-37, flowers Dalea fremontii (Michener, 1739 G.E.B.). Edom, 9, IV-17-37 (E. G. Linsley, 66); same locality, 7 mi. W., 4 9, VI-26-53, C.I.S.). Painted Canyon, IV-18-25, flowers flowers Dalea (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). Cercidium torreyanum (Michener, 1737:73). Palm Discussion: Desert, 2, IV-11-50 (W. F. Barr, U.I.). White- This is a species with the metasoma largely water, J, V-20-51 (E. I. Schlinger, U.C.D.). red. It is most closely related to eurynorhyncha San Bernardino Co.: Warrens Well, 6, VI-1-37 and stenognatha, from which the female is easily (S. C. Varley, U.C.R.). distinguished by the broad space between the Discuss ion : median and the lateral lobes of the clypeus Among the species with the metasoma largely (fig. 121). The male is unknown. The clypeus red, this species is readily recognized by the of the female is unusually variable in the shape snoutlike, narrowly truncated, median apical of the median lobe. In the original series from lobe of the clypeus of the female (pl. 24, fig. Westgard Pass, the lateral margins of this lobe 123). The narrowly truncated labrum and less diverge apically. In a series from seven miles abruptly projecting median lobe of the clypeus west of Westgard Pass, it is evident that these distinguish this species from salviae in the margins may also be parallel or even distinctly female. The male is distinguished from salviae convergent apically. In these specimens the by the more finely punctate clypeus. median lobe of the clypeus is broader than long, as it is also in the single known specimen from Texas. Ashmeadiella salviae Michener In a series from an intermediate locality, (Pl. 23, fig. 122; pl. 24, fig. 140) Grand Canyon, Arizona, 7,000 feet altitude, June 6, 1940 (R. M. Bohart), the median lobe, although Ashmeadiella (Arogochila) salviae Michener, highly variable, is much narrower; therefore it 1939, Amer. Midland Nat., 22:67, 6, 8. Type is longer than broad. A specimen from Sierrita 9, Eagle Rock, California (Calif. Acad. Sci.). Mountains,Arizona, March 5 to 25 (C. T. Vorhies) Geographic range: California (see 'map 106). is intermediate in this characteristic. California records: In an earlier work (Michemer, 1937), specimens Contra Costa Co.: Byron, 9, V-18-20 (E. P. with a tapering median clypeal lobe key to Van Duzee, K.U.). Mt. Diablo, 3 9, VI-25-37 salvzae, from which they differ by the narrow (Michener, 1942:51, C.A.S., K.U.); 9, V-7-37 apex of the labrum. (G. E. Bohart, G.E.B.); 9, VI-30-52 (F. X. Williams, C.A.S.); same locality, 2,000 ft., 9, VI-14-43 (F. X. Williams, C.A.S.). Ashmeadiella cazieri Michener Fredno Co.: Coalinga (near), 9, VI-8-41 (R. (Pl. 24, fig. 123) M. Bohart, G.E.B.). Inyo Co.: Westgard Pass, VI-3-37 (Michener, Ashmeadiella ( Arogochila) cazieri Michener, 1939:70., C.A.S., K.U.); same locality, 7 mi. W., 1739, Amer. klidland Nat., 22:72, 6, ?. Type 9, VI-26-53, flowers Dalea (J. w. MacSwain, 9, Dos Palmos, Riverside County (Colorado C.I.S.). Desert), California (Calif. Acad. Sci.). Los Angeles Co.: Altadena, 6, 2 9, VII-3-36, Geographic range: Arizona and California (see flowers Salvia mellifera (Michener, 173 7:70, map 104). C.A.S., K.U., U.C.R.). Big Dalton Dam, 2 q, THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 209

VI-25-50 (D. C. Blodget, U.C.D., U.C.L.A.). Eldorado Co.: Pilot Hill, 3, VI-14-53 (R. M. Eagle Rock, IV-7-36, V-9-36, flowers Salvia Bohart , U.C .D. ). mellifera (Michener, 1937:70); IV-14-33, flowers Inyo Co.: Whitney Portal, 9, VIII-6-48 (P. D. Rhamnus crocea (Michener, 1939:70). Montebello, Hurd, Jr., and J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). Oak 9, V-1-34 (Michener, 1739:70, G.E.B.). Mt. Creek Canyon near Independence, flowers Wilson, q7 VI-20-4G (R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.). Penstemon breviflorus (Michener, 1937:72). San Gabriel Mountains, 3,000 ft., V-28-10 (Mich- Los Angeles Co.: Crystal Lake, 9, VI-29-50 ener, 1939:70). Santa Monica Mountains, 2 4 (W. C. Ekntinck, C.I.S.); 2 9, same data (T. R. V-20-50 (U.C.D., U.C.L.A.). Tanbark Flat, San Haig, C.I.S.); 9,same data (J. C. Hall, U.C.D.); Dimas Experimental Forest, 9, VI-20-30, flowers 3 8, same data (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S., K.U.); Brassica (W. C. Bentiack, C.I.S.); 4 2 9, VI- 2 9, VII-952 (R. M. Bohart, U.C.D.); v, same 20-50 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S., K.U.); & ?, V1- data (J. K. Hester, C.I.S.); 9v same data (Joan 24-50 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 4 8, VI-25-50 Linsley, C.I.S.). San Antonio Canyon, north of (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.); 8, same data (F. X. Ontario, 9, VI-20-31 (Michener, 1937:72, O.S.C.). Williams, C.A.S.); 9, VII-7-52 (A. T. McClay, Madera Co.: Bass Lake, 6, VI-6-38 (R. M. U.C.D.); 2, VII-&52 (R. M. Bohart, U.C.D.); 6, Bohart, G.E.B.). VII-11-52 (R. M. Bohart, U.C.D.); 7, VII-13-52 Mariposa Co.: Briceburg, 6, VI-3-38 (R. M. (A. T. McClay, U.C.D.); 3 9, VU-15-52 (3. W. Bohart, G.E.B.). Tenaya Lake Trail, Yosemite MacSwain, C. I.S.). National Park, 6, VII-21-36 (Michener, 1939:72). Monterey Co.: Bryson, 2 3, V-18-20 (Michener, Yosemite Valley, 4 VIil9-21 (Michener, 1939:71, 1939:70, C.A.S.). C.A.S. ). Riverside Co.: Palms to Pines Highway, San Mono Co.: Benton Station, 2 4 VII-25-50 Jacinto Mountains, 9, V-24-39 (E. S. Ross, (H. A. Hunt, K.U., U.C.D.). Leevbhg, 6, VII- c. I. s. ). 23-53 (J. G. Rozen, C.I.S.). Mammoth, a, VII- San Bernardino Co.: Ontario, 9, VI-22-18 6-33 (G. E. and R. M. Bohart, U.C.D.). (Michener, 1737:70). Riverside Co.: h4arion Mountain Camp, San Ventura Co.: Santa Paula, c$ 9, VI-5-27, Jacinto Mountains, g, VII-1-52 (J. W. MacSwain, flowers Salvia mellifera (Michener, 1939:70, C.I.S.). U.C.R. ). Sacramento Co.: Folsom, 3, V-30-52 (T. R. Discuss ion: Haig, C.I.S.). This is primarly a cismontane species which San Bernardino Co.: Bear Valley, San Bernar- is ordinarily recognizable in the female by the din0 Mountains, 4 VIII-1913 (F. C. Clark, C.A.S.); very abruptly projecting median lobe of the 9, VIII-9-33, flowers Penstemon grinnellii clypeus (pl. 23, fig. 122). Some females of A. (Michener, 193972, U.C.R.). Big Bear Lake, erema, however, have an almost equally abruptly San Bernardino Mountains, 3 9, VII-7-34 (I. protruding lobe. The black hind femora distinguish McCracken, K.U.). Forest Home, San Bernardino this species from several others which have red Mountains? 3, VI-17-50 (G P. Taylor, U.S.A.C.). on the metasoma. This species is apparently Green Valley Lake, San Bernardino Mountains, restricted to Salvia mellifera in its pollen col- 9, VU-15-50 (C. D. Michener, K.U.). Mill Creek, lecting. San Bernardino Mountains? 6,000 ft., 64 79, V- 30 to VIII-7, flowers Penstemon grinnellii (one Q on Monardella linoides var. strictu) (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); same locality, 6,300 ft., Ashmetzdiellu australis (Cockerell) 4 VII-6-46, flowers Penstemon grinnellii (P. H. (PI. 24, fig. 141) Timberlake, U.C.R.); same locality, 7,400 ft., 4 VI-29-42 (R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.). Chelostoma .australis Cockerell, 1702, Bull. So. Tuolumne Co.: Pinecrest, 9, VI-20-27, flowers Calif. Acad. Sci., 1:137, 9. Type 9, near Solidago californica (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Los Angeles , California. Tuolurnne City, 4 VI-22-53 (3. G. Rozen, C.I.S.). Synonym: nana (Cockerell), 1925. Ventura Co.: Frazier Park, 6, V-18-40 (R. M. Geographic range: California, Nevada, and Utah Bohart, G.E.B.). (see map 107). Discussion: Ca lif orn ia records : This large ad easily recognized species is Calaveras Co.: Camp Wolfboro, 9, VIII-1-39 apparently restricted to Penstemon in its pollen- C.I.S.). collecting habits. Outside California it has been P

P THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 211 collected at Connors Pass, White Pine County, fossa which is narrowed posteriorly. The male Nevada, on Penstemon, and at Red Rock Canyon, is essentially indistinguishable from that of near Paragonah, and Beaver Canyon in Utah. Arogochila. The brushes of orange hair beneath the clypeal margin are absent. 'The apex of the labrum is emarginate. The hypostomal carinae are elevated and produced at their posterior extremities in females. The mandibles of the Subgenus Corythochila Michener females are slender, more than twice as long as the antennal scape. The sixth metasomal This small subgenus is related to Arogochila, but sternum of the female is not depressed and is differs from most species by the quadridentate punctate throughout. female dndibles. The short, unproduced, and The subgenus contains but two species, both characteristically lobed clypeus is also char- inhabitants of desert areas. They are small acteristic of females, as is the proboscidial species with the metasoma largely red.

Key to the Species of the Subgenus Corythocbila Males

1. Lower parts of cheeks and areas between eyes and lateral ocelli with punctures approximate or nearly so; hind tibial spurs strongly toothed ...... inyoensis(p. 213) Lower parts of cheeks and areas between eyes and lateral ocelli with punctures often rather widely separated; hind tibial spurs nearly edentate ...... bteuiceps(p. 211)

Females 1. Apex of clypeus with small, rounded, median projection (pl. 24, fig. 127). . inyoensis (p. 213) Apex of clypeus with small, emarginate, median projection, often so reduced as to be hardly distinguishable (pl. 24, fig. 126) ...... breviceps (p. 211)

Ashmeadiella breviceps Michener IV-10-37, flowers Larrea glutinosa (Michener, (Pl. 24, fig. 126) 1939:78, U.C.R.). La Quinta, 111-17-34, V-2-34, 111-4-36, flowers Hyptis emoryi and. Larrea glutinosa (Michener, 193978, U.C.R.). Ashmeadiella (Corythochila) bteviceps Michener, San Bernardino Co.: Gamer Hills, 9, Vy3-39, 1939, Amer. Midland Nat., 22:77, 8, 9. Type flowers Larrea glutinosa (P. H. Timberlake, 9, Cathedral City, Riverside County, Cali- U.C.R.). Manix, 6 mi. N., 9, IV-25-53, flowers fornia (Calif. Acad. Sci.). Stepbubomeria (G. A. Marsh, C.I.S.); same locality, Geographic range : Ar hona , California , Mex ic 0, 22 mi. N., 2 9, IV-26-53, flowers Larrea (P. D. and Nevada (see map 108). Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 9, same data (R. 0. Schuster, California records : C.I.S.). Twentynine Palms, 5 4 IV-1938 (G. E. Inyo Co.: Death Valley, 9, 111-20-51 (D. and R. M. Bohart, G.E.B.). Burdick). Stovepipe Wells, 5 d: 2 8, III-31-51, San Diego Co.: Borego, 6, IV-2-53, flowers flowers Larrea (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S., K.U.). Cryptantha barbigeta (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). Riverside Co.: Cathedral City, IV-I 0.36, Discussion: flowers Larrea glutinosa (Michener, 1939:78). In their general areas of distribution, this Cottonwood Springs, Joshua Tree National species and the next overlap broadly and in Monument, 6, 9, IV-12-50 (W. F. Barr, U.I.); 3 4 spite of their similarity do not intergrade. In IV-12-50 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S., K.U.). Dos Nevada, breviceps has been taken at flowers of Palmos, 111-1 9-34 (Michener, 1939:78). Edom, Dipetalia linijolia at Las Vegas, and in Lower 2 mi. W., 111-26-36, flowers Lazrea glutinosa California (El Mayor, and 20 miles west of (Michener, 1939:78); same locality, 5 mi. W., & Mexicali) on flowers Prosopis.

THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 2 13

Ashmeadiella inyoensis Michener California re cords : (Pl. 24, fig. 127) Inyo Co.: Big Pine, 9, VI-8-37 (W. C. Reeves, U.C.R.). Furnace Creek, Death Valley National Ashmeadiella (Corythochila) inyoensis Michener, Monument , IV-14-3 8, flowers Pluchea s ericea 1939, Amer. Midland Nat., 22:75, 8, ?. Type (Michener, 1939:79); 5 6, IV-7-39 (E. C. Van 9,Lone Pine, Inyo County, California (Calif. Dyke, C.A.S.); 52 ~$59, IV-8-39, flowers Prosopis Acad. Sci.). (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S., K.U., U.C.R.); 3 4 5 9, Geographic range: California (see map 109). IV-1-51, flowers Heliotropium (J. W. MacSwain, California records: C.Ls.1. Lone Pine, 9, VI-9-37, flowers Dalea Inyo Co.: Lone Pine, 2 c$ 9, VI-9-37,, polyadenia (C. D. Michener, K.U.); 9, VI-9-37 flowers Dalea polyadenia (Michener, 193976, (G.E.B.); 3 8, 9, VI-13-37, flowers Dalea C.A.S.); 2 9, VI-3-37 (A. E. Meier, C.I.S.); 4 9, polyadenia (Michener, 193979, C.A.S., K.U.); VI-13-37 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S., C.I.S.); 9, 9, VI-13-37 (E. C Van Dyke, G.E.B.). Mazourka VI-1 5-37, flowers Dalea polyadenia (Michener, Canyon, Inyo Mountains, 2 9, V-25-37, flowers 1939:76, K.U.); c$ VI-13.37 (G.E.B.). Dalea Iremoniii (C. D. Michener, K.U.). Surprise Riverside Co.: Edom, 5 mi. E., 9, IV-10-37, Canyon, Panamint Mountains, 4 9, IV-28-53, flowers Dalea schottii (Michener, 193976, flowers Dalea fremontii (P. D. , Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). U.C.R.). Westgard Pass, 4 V-27-37, flowers Dalea fremontii (C. D. Michener, K.U.); same locality, 7 mi. W., 9, VI-26-53, flowers Dalea (J. W. Mac Subgenus Chilosima Michener Swain, C.I.S.). This is a subgenus immediately recognizable Riverside Co.: Box Canyon, 111-31-34, IV-13- in the male by the tridentate rather than bidentate 34, flowers Cercidium torreyanum (Michener, mandibles. The female, except for a few unusual 193979); 6, IV-26-52 (G. A. Marsh, L1.S.); 9, specimens in which the third mandibular tooth IV-27-52, flowers Cryptantha angustifolia (P. H. is undeveloped, have quadridentate mandibles . Timberlake, U.C.R.). Cathedral City, 2 9, IV- The clypeus of the female is very broadly, ir- 10-36, flowers Cercidium torreyanum and Dalea regularly rounded, projects well over the base schottii (Michener, 1939:79). Dos Palmos, 9, of the labrum, and lacks orange brushes beneath 111-2844 (G. E. Bohart, K.U.). Edom, 4 mi. E., 4 the margin. The apex of the labrum is rounded or IX-17-37, flowers Dalea schottii (Michener, subtruncate. The hypostomal carinae are low and 193979, U.C.R.). Indio, 9, IV-8-25, flowers not produced posteriorly. Prosopis (J. C. Elmore, O.S.C.); same locality, The mandibles of the female are slender, 5 pi. W., 9, Iv-3.36, flowers Prosopis chilensis more than twice as long as the antennal scape. glandulosa (E. G. Linsley, K.U.); same locality, The sixth metasomal sternum of the female is 5% mi. N.W., IV-836, flowers Prosopis chilensis not depressed and is punctate throughout. glandulosa (Michener, 193979); same locality, This subgenus contains only a single Cali- 6 mi. W., 5 9, IV-30-49, flowers Melilotus (E. G. fornia species. There is but one other species Linsley, J. W. MacSwain, R. F. Smith, C.I.S.). in the subgenus (holtii Cockerell), for the form Oasis (near), IV-13-25, flowers Cercidium described as A. (Chilosima) washingtonensis twreyanum (Michener, 193979, U.C.R.). Painted Michener (1939) proves to be the female of A. Canyon, IV-18-25, flowers Cercidium torreyanum (Arogochila)foxiella (see Michener, 1942). (Michener, 1339:79, U.C.R.). Palm Desert, 3 9, IV-11-50 (W. F. Barr, U.I.); 8, 3 9, IV-12-50 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S., K.U.); 9, IV-24-50 (C. D. Ashmeadiella rhodognatha Cockerell MacNeill, :.I.S.). Palm Springs, 2 9, IV-24-40, (Pl. 24, fig. ,128) (R. M. Bohart, U.C.D., U.C.L.A.). Shavers Well, 6, IV-26-52, flowers Dalea (G. A. Marsh, C.I.S.). Ashmeadiella nhodognarha Cockerell, 1924, Proc. San Bernardino Co.: Morongo, 4 9, V-7-39, Calif. Acad. Sci., (4) 12557, 9. Type 9, San flowers Dalea cali/ornica (P. H. Timberlake, Jose Island, Gulf of California (Calif. Acad. U.C.R.). Morongo Valley, 9, V-24-41 (E. C. Van Sci.). Dyke, C.A.S.). Geographic range: California, Mexico, Nevada, San Diego Co.: Borego, 6, JY-3-50 (L. W. and Texas (see map 110). Quate, C.I.S.). 2 14 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

c-(

Plate 11. Lateral view of Diceratosmia sub fasciata s~/asciata.(Cresson),male. THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 2 15

Discuss ion: VI-6-39, flowers Eriogonum fasczculatum (R. M. This is a short, robust, black species with Bohart, U.C.D.). Olancha, 9, V-20-37 (J. W. much white pubescence. This form is perhaps Johnson , G. E. B. ). only subspecifically distinct from A. holtii, a Riverside Ca.: Edom, 5 mi. E., y, IV-10-37, structurally similar species with the legs and flowers Dalea schottii (Michener, 1939:82, metasoma largely red. A. holtii is known from U. C. R. 1. Arizona and New Mexico; rhodognatha from San Bernardino Co.: Arrastre Canyon (near), 6, California, Lower California, Nevada, and Texas. V-20-41 (P. H. Timberlake, U.CR.). Kramer Hills In Lower California, it has been taken on flowers 9, V-1-53 (R. 0. Schuster, C.I.S.). Kramer Junc- of Prosopis chilensis glandulosa at El Mayor tion, 9, V-1-53 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). Manix, and 20 miles west of Mexicali. In Nevada (Reno, 8 mi. N., 9, IV-25-53 (R. 0. Schuster, C.I.S.). 29 mi. E.) it has been found at flowers of Dalea Morongo Valley, 9, V-7-39, flowers Dalea polyadenia, and Michener (1951:71) has recorded caliJornica (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Victor- it from flowers of Dalea neomexicana at Cooper’s ville, 3 mi. S.W., & 5 ?, V-12-37, flowers Dalea Store, Big Bend National Park, Texas. saundersii, one on Phacelia distans (Michener, 194251, K.U., U.C.R.); 4 V-9-41, flowers Chaemcfisxaniiana (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); same locality, 8 mi. S., 9, V-22-32, flowers Subgenus Czlbitognatha Michener Lupinus odoratus (Michener, 1939:82, U.C.R.). Discussion: This remarkable monotypic subgenus diff ers in A. xenomastaw is a unique desert species, the female from all the other subgenera by the the male of which was unknown in 1939, but has elbowed bidentate mandibles (fig. 129). The been described subsequently (Michener, 1342). clypeus of the female is not produced over the base of the labrum and lacks orange brushes; the upper margin of the largely impunrtate clypeus is strongly protuberant. The proboscidial Genus Dkeratosmia Robertson fossa is greatly narrowed posteriorly in the female; the hypostomal carinae are produced This genus is closely related to Osmia and posteriorly in the female much as in Arogochila. should perhaps be regarded as a subgenus of The labrum is emarginate at the apex in both that genus. It differs,however, in a feature which sexes. The sixth metasomal sternum of the is usually of generic importance elsewhere in the female is not depressed and is punctate through- family, namely, the carina on the inner ventral out. The male agrees in most respects with that angle of each hind coxa (pl. 2, fig. 4) which is of Arogochila, but the lateral margins of the distinct in Diceratosmia, absent in Osmia. Also sixth metasomal tergum are not so uniformly the parapsidal lines are longer in Diceratosmia convex; they are slightly sinuate, the lateral than in Osmia. Like Osmia, Diceratosmia con- teeth not as broad as in Arogochila, yet broader tains robust bees, species occurring in the than usual in Ashmeadiella proper. United States being metallic blue with the pubescence entirely pale. American species of the genus were revised by Michener (1749b). Ashmeadiella xenomastax Michener Diceratosmia is a holarctic group which con- (Pl. 24, fig. 129) tains only three species in the United States, only one of which occurs in California. Ashmeadiella ( Cubitognatha) xenomastax Mich- ener, 1739, Amer. Midland Nat., 22:81, 9. Type 9, Big Pine, Inyo County, California, Diceratosmia sub/asciata sub/asciata (Gesson) flowers Dalea polyadenia (Calif. Acad. Sci.). (Pl. 11; 13, figs. 24, 25) .Geographic range: California, Nevada, and Mexico (see map 111). Osmia sublasciata Gesson, 1872, Trans. Amer. California records: Ent. SOC., 4:261, & 9. Type 9, Texas (Acad. Inyo Co.: Big Pine, 4 9, VI-8-37, flowers Nat. Sci. Phila.). Dalea polyadenia (Michener, 1939:82, C.A.S., Synonym: Osmia punctata Michener, 1936, Bull. K.U., U.C.R.). Lone Pine, 3 9, VI-15-37, flowers Southern Calif. Acad. Sci., 35:85 (new DaIea polyadenia (Michener, 1939:82, K.U.); 8, synonym).

THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 2 17

Geographic range: Arizona, California, Kansas, As will be observed from the floral records Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma, Tennessee, enumerated above, this bee in California appears and Texas. A single specimen from New to obtain its nectar and pollen principally from Jersey is possibly erroneously labeled. An- the flowers of Heliotropium and Prosopis. Linsley other subspecies, conjunctoides Robertson, (1746:24) has stated that subfasciala was an occurs in peninsular Florida. (see map 112). effective pollinator of alfalfa in at least three California re cords : fields studied in the Blythe area of California. Imperial Co.: Holtville, 3, 111-24-30, flowers It was observed tripping flowers at the rate of Heliotropium cumssauicum oculatum (P. H. Tim- 7.5 per minute at 8:30 A.M. on a clear, warm day. berlake, U.C.R.). Westmorland, &* 111-23-30, The species was nesting in old burrows of wood- flowers Prosopis (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). boring beetles, especially those of bostrichids, Inyo Co.: Furnace Creek, Death Valley Na- cerambycids, and buprestids. The three fields tional Monument, 20 & 37 9, IV-7-39 (E. C. Van of alfalfa studied by Linsley were in outlying Dyke, C.A.S.); 49 & 11 9, IV-8-39, flowers areas adjacent to thickets of willow, mesquite, Prosopis (Michener, 1949263, C.A.S., K.U., and other trees containing suitable burrows. C.I.S., U.C.R.); & 111-31-51 (E. G. Linsley, Linsley (ibid) found that the populations of C.I.S.); 15 4 2 9, VI-1-51, flowers Heliotropium Diceratosmia were large, and they represented (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 3, same data (J. W. a high percentage of the effective pollinators in MacSwain, C.I.S.); 2 9, 111-31-53, some on the fields studied. Pluchea sericea (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.); 4 III- Elsewhere in the geographic range, sub- 31-53 (R. F. Smith, C.I.S.); 2 4 IV-1-53, flowers fasciata has been taken on a wide variety of Pluchea sericea (R. F. Smith, C.1.S.h same flowers. In Kansas it has been collected at locality, 20 mi. S., 2 4 4 9, IV-8-37, flowers flowers of Amorpha (Miami County) and Melilotus Prosopis (E. G. Linsley, U.C.R.). officinalis (Kalvesta). In Oklahoma it has been Riverside Co.: Blythe, 3 9, VII-12-45, flowers taken at flowers of Monarda citriodora at Hugo Medicago sativa (Linsley, 1946:24; Michener, and flowers of Rubus at Ardmore. 1947:263, C.I.S., K.U.). Coachella, 8, IV-20-34 In Texas it has been found on flowers of (Michener, 1949:263, U.C.R.). Gilrnan Hot Springs , Acacia greggii (Alfred), Achillea (Ladonia), & 111-11-36, flowers Lotus scoparius (F. R. Amorpha fruticwa (Dallas), Machaemnthera Platt, K.U.). (his, 2 & 111-7-36 (Michener, tenacetifolium (Uvalde ), Cercis canadensis 1749:263, K.U.); same locality, 2 mi. N., 4 3, (Dallas), Gaillardia (Rockport), G. pulchella 111-7-36, flowers Heliotropium curassauicum (Dallas and Devil’s River), Helenium tenuifolium oculatum and Palafoxia linearis (P. H. Timber- (Wolfe City), He lianthus (Falfurrias), Lesquerella lake, U.C.R.). (1 0 miles north of Mason), Marilaunidium origani- Discussion : folium (Devil’s River), Marrubium uulgare (Kerr- This .blue bee is widespread and locally ville and Pitts burg), Monarda (Ladonia, Mineral common in the deserts of California. Since 1936 Well, Weatherford, and Wichita Falls), M. citriodora it has seemed that the California populations (Brownsville and Dallas), yellow Oxalis (Waco), could be separated from populations occurring in Phacelia (Concan, San Benito, and 5 miles Texas and to the eastward. In 1%9 it was real- southwest of Tivoli), Prosopis (Hidalgo and ized that the differences were very slight, but Laredo), P. juliflora (Corigo Springs), Prunus since the species was unknown across Arizona (Dallas), Rhus (Devil’s River), Rubus (Dallas and New Mexico, it seemed best to recognize the and Waco), Salix (Luling), Sphaeraloea (San California form as a subspecies. Although the Ygnacio), and Vicia (Santa Maria). range still seems disjunct, adequate series now available show no differences whatever in size or in other characters between California and Texas series. The characters ascribed (Michener, Genus Osmia Panzer 1949b) to the California race were larger size, coarser punctation, and longer vertex. With This genus can be distinguished from all other larger series now available from Texas, it is genera by the punctiform parapsidal lines (pl. 2, evident that large size occurs equally frequently fig. 1). Each line is represented merely by a there and that the other characters are correlated small, shining, often elevated area, sometimes with large size, perhaps owing to the phenomenon no larger than one OL two punctures, sometimes of allometric growth. no more conspicuous than other unusually large 2 18 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY interspaces between punctures, although usually tergum. There are seven exposed metasomal definitely different from and larger than other terga in the male, and the sixth metasomal tergum interspaces. Diceratosmia is similar but has of the male is not dentate laterally. somewhat longer parapsidal lines (pl. 2, fig. 3) Osmia is widely distributed in the holarctic and has carinae along the inner ventral angles region and contains numerous American species of each hind coxa (pl. 2, fig. 4). Such carinae which have been arranged in five subgenera. A are absent in Osmia. In Osmia the body is robust, key to the subgenera is presented below. The usually metallic blue or green, with the metanotum genus was revised by Sandhouse (1939) and the and propodeum vertical or nearly so, the latter subgenus Acanthosmioides by White (1 952), but with no horizontal basal zone. The first meta- further revisional studies must be completed somal tergum has the anterior face broadly con- before the species can be treated properly. For cave, with a distinct line or carina separating this reason, no keys or accounts of species are this concavity from the dorsal surface of the included in the present study.

Key to the American Subgenera of Osmia'

Malar space almost absent, lacking a depression in the female; middle femora of male without projections ...... 2 Malar space at least nearly as long as pedicel, bearing a small depression in ternale; middle femora of male with a projection on lower margin ...... Osmia Metasomal terga two to six with apical impunctate bands or if hairs reach near margins, they are simple; clypeal truncation of female with only the usual two tufts of hair; apical margin of fifth metasomal sternum of male neither thickened nor transversely sulcate laterally. -3 Metasomal terga two to six with subapical fimbriae of plumose hairs; clypeus of female with two small median tufts of hair on margin in addition to usual large tufts; apical margin of fifth metasomal sternum of male thickened and lateral parts transversely sulcate ...... Chalcosmia Labrum but little longer than broad; metanotum declivous throughout; clypeus of female densely punctured; apical margin of third metasomal sternum of male usually convex, margin of fourth usually emarginate ...... 4 Labrum considerably longer than wide; metanotum anteriorly with median horizontal part; clypeus of female sparsely punctate to nearly impunctate; apical margin of third and usually sf fourth sterna, truncate ...... Cephalosmia Strongly metallic, without the combination of charakters below ...... 5 Black, or, if dark blue, head of female much broader than thorax, clypeal margin thickened and male with lateral margins of sixth and seventh metasomal terga reflexed and middle tarsal segments modified...... Melanosmia Mandibles constricted a short distance from base, widened to apical margin which is about twice (female) or one and one-half (male) times as wide as narrow part; second metasomal sternum of male with at least longitudinal median band of bristles, usually an elevated median Proce s s ...... A can t bo smio ides Mandibles narrow at base, apical margin not so wide as in Acanthosmioides, second metasomal sternum of male not modified as above ...... Nothosmia

'Modified from that of Sandhouse (1939). THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 2 19 Genus Megachile Latreille were revised by Mitchell (1934-1937). Important studies on California species have not been carried on subsequently; therefore the various This large genus can be distinguished from other species are not treated further herein. One subgenera by the absence of arolia combined with genus, the Palaearctic Eutrzcharaea, has been rounded axillae. The body is slender or robust, found recently to be established in California nonmetallic. (Hurd, 1954). The following key (modified from American species of this world-wide genus that of Mitchell) will separate the subgenera.

Key to the Nearctic Subgenera of Megachilea Males Metasoma with four exposed sterna; body commonly robust ...... 2 Metasoma with three exposed sterna; body slender ...... Chelostomoides Mandibles lacking inferior. projection ...... 3 Mandibles with inferior projection ...... 4 Small slender species with short pubescence; apical metasomal terga not conspicuously tomentose; disc of sixth metasomal tergum above carina subhorizontal ...Neomegachile Larger, more robust species with long erect pubescence; fourth and fifth metasomal terga densely covered with pale tomentum; disc of sixth metasomal tergum above carina vertical ...... Cressonieila Carina or transverse ridge of sixth metasomal tergum usually with a definite median emargination, sometimes obscured by lateral denticulation ...... 5 Carina or transverse ridge of sixth metasomal tergum without median emargination, though often denticulate or serrate ...... 18 Front coxae each with a large spine...... 6 Front coxal spines vestigial or absent ...... Megachile, sensu stricto Middle tibial spurs absent ...... 7 Middle tibiae each with the usual apical spur...... 10 Mandibles quadridentate; middle basitarsi not protuberant beneath ...... 8 Mandibles tridentate; middle basitarsi conspicuously protuberant beneath, . . Xanthosatus Mandible without median ventral angle; posterior face of front femur not carinate above; middle tibia without spurlike apical projection, although often angulate or protuberant. . 9 Mandible with median sharp angle or tooth on lower margin; posterior face of front femur sharply carinate above; middle tibia with spurlike apical projection. .. Pseudocentron Middle tibiae dilated apically; front basitarsi not much produced apically, subequal in length to segments two to five together ...... Acentron Middle tibiae not dilated apically, inner margin with slight angle just before apex; front basitarsi much produced apically, length along posterior margin not much exceeding length of second segment...... Melanosarus Middle coxae not spined...... 11 Middle coxae each with long, slender spine ...... Xanthosarus 11( 10). Front basitarsi dilated, usually brightly colored ...... 12 Front basitarsi simple, usually dark in color ...... 13 12( 11). Mandibles tridentate; metasoma rather long and slender, parallel-sided; claws usually each with a sharp basal tooth ...... Sayapis Mandibles quadridentate; metasoma rather short and robust; claws without basal teeth ...... Delomegachile

“Modified from that of Michener (1944) which was in turn a modification of that of Mitchell (1934). 220 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

13( 11). Mandibles distinctly quadridentate ...... 14 Mandibles tridentate ...... 15 14(13). Sixth metasomal tergum with apical margin (not carina) with four conspicuous teeth; front coxae more or less pubescent anteriorly and without a patch of red bristles anterior to each spine ...... Argyropile Sixth metasomal tergum with apical margin without conspicuous teeth; front coxae bare anteriorly, with a dense patch of red bristles anterior to each spine ... Delomegachile 15(13). Sixth metasomal tergum with morphological apical margin (not carina) without evident teeth; fifth metasomal tergum usually conspicuously pale tomentose...... 16 Sixth metasomal tergum with apical margin with either median or lateral teeth'or both; fifth tergum with, at most, inconspicuous pale tomentum across base ...... 17 16(15). Sixth metasomal tergum with carina or transverse ridge entirely laterad of the definite median emargination; mandible with indistinct tooth between the definite apical and median teeth ...... Leptoracbis Sixth metasomal tergum with carina usually denticulate laterally, median emargination inconspicuous; mandibles definitely tridentate (Palaearctic subgenus, introduced into the United States) ...... Eutrichmaea 17( 15). Seventh metasomal tergum produced medially to conspicuous spinelike projection; lateral teeth of apical margin of sixth metasomal tergum conspicuous, median ones not evident; fifth metasomal tergum entirely lacking pale tomentum ...... Sayapis Seventh metasomal tergum not conspicuously protuberant medially; apical margin of sixth meta:samal tergum with evident, although small, median and lateral teeth, median pair carinate, lateral ones acute; fifth metasomal tergum often with narrow band of pale tomen- tUKt basally ...... L itomegachile 18(4). Fourth metasomal sternum with small but distinct median tubercle on apical margin; large robust species, front tarsi broadly dilated but only slightly excavated anteriorly...... '...... Phaenosarus Fourth metasomal sternum not tuberculate ...... 19 19(18). Proboscis very long, second segment of labial palpi 1.7 to 4 times length of first ...... Megachiloides Proboscis shorter, second segment of labial palpi at most 1.5 times length of first . . 20 20(19). Second segment of labial palpi at least slightly longer than first; fifth metasomal sternum with a robust, basal, median, apically directed spinelike projection. ....Derotropis First and second segments of labial palpi subequal in length; fifth metasomal sternum usually lacking in a basal median projection ...... Xeromegachile

Females 1. Metasoma parallel-sided; narrow, slender species ...... 2 Metasoma cordate or ovoid...... 3 2(1). Mandibles with a cutting edge between the two median teeth; claws each with a sharp basal tooth, basal grooves of metasomal terga not fasciate; apex of sixth metasornal tergum gradually concave; maxillary palpi neither densely nor conspicuously pubescent. . Sayupis Mandibles lacking definite cutting edge; claws without sharp basal teeth; basal grooves of metasomal terga often fasciate; maxillary palpi denseiy pubescent; sixth metasomal tergum usually abruptly concave or grooved apically ...... Chelostomoides 3(1). Mandibles with five well-defined teeth ...... 4 Mandibles with three or four teeth, or obscurely five dentate ...... 7 4(3). Mandibular teeth not with two apical teeth separated from three inner ones by rather long cutting edge; middle basitarsi usually somewhat longer than middle tibiae; species with pale metasomal fasciae ...... 5 THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 221

Mandibles with two apical teeth separated from three inner ones by rather long cutting edge; middle basitarsi as long as middle tibiae, robust black species .....Melanosarus Metasoma more cordate; emargination between second and third mandibular teeth much shal- lower than that between third and fourth...... 6 Metasoma more ovoid; emargination between second and third mandibular teeth as deep as, or deeper than, that between third and fourth ...... Megachile, sensu stricto Sixth metasomal tergum broad and short, broadly rounded apically, with pubescence erect nearly to tip; sixth sternum not at all protruding beyqnd apex of tergum . . Xanthosams Sixth metasomal tergum rather long, apex narrowly rounded or subtruncate, pubescence of apical half appressed; sixth sternum slightly exceeding the tergum ....Phaenosancs Mandibles distinctly or obscurely quadridentate, without a long cutting edge as in Derotropis ...... 8 Mandibles tridentate, with two apical teeth and a very long cutting edge extending to the inner angle ...... Derotropis Proboscis of usual length, second segment of labial palpus but little, if any, longer than first; mandibles distinctly quadridentate ...... 9 Proboscis very long, second segment of labial palpus 1.7 to 4 times as long as first; third mandibular tooth vestigial, a short cutting edge between it and inner angle . Megachiloides Innermost mandibular tooth either rounded or broadly and sharply truncate, not acute . . 10 Innermost mandibular tooth acute...... 12 Larger forms (12 mm. or more) with much longer and denser pubescence; sixth metasomal tergum with abundant erect pubescence visible inprofile ...... 11 Smaller forms (9 mm. or less) with short pubescence; metasoma rather acutely pointed; pubescence of sixth metasomal tergum appressed in large part; with short, suberect hairs visible toward base in profile ...... Neomegachile 11( 10). Lateral ocelli considerably nearer to posterior edge of vertex than to eyes; innermost mandibular tooth broadly truncate ...... Ctessoniella Lateral ocelli usually nearer to eyes than to edge of vertex, but, if not, innermost mandibular tooth rounded ...... Delomegachile 12(9). Metasomal sterna lacking apical fasciae ...... 13 Metasomal sterna with definite pale apical fasciae beneath scopa .....Eutn'chataea 13( 12). Emargination between third and fourth mandibular teeth slightly angulate, giving an approach to the five-toothed condition. (Pubescence of sixth metasomal tergum mostly or entirely appressed...... 14 Emargination between third and fourth mandibular teeth evenly concave ...... 15 1413). Metasoma more ovoid; sixth metasomal tergum distinctly concave in profile; Jypeal margin with median incurved area ...... Megachile, sensu stricto Metasoma more cordate; sixth metasomal tergum at most but slightly concave in profile, usualIy straight; clypeal margin straight ...... L itomegachile 15(13). Sixth metasomal tergum distinctly concave in profile ...... 16 Sixth metasomal tergum straight in profile ...... 18 16(15). Sixth metasomal tergum with abundant erect pubescence visible in profile ..... 17 Sixth metasomal tergum with no erect hairs visible in profile, uniformly and entirely covered with fine pale tomentum ...... Argyropile 17( 16). Clypeal margin denticulate...... Delomegachile Clypeal margin entire ...... Litomegachile 18(15). Sixth metasomal sternum largely bare OK but thinly pubescent, usually with bare rim or ridge extending beyond or above apical fringe of short hairs ...... 19 222 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Sixth metasomal sternum densely pubescent, without apical bare rim or ridge.. .Xeromegachile 19(18). Apical rim of sixth metasomal sternum not reflexed upward or forward ...... 20 Apical rim of sixth rnetasomal sternum reflexed upward or forward ...... Argyropile 20(19). Third mandibular tooth truncate, without a cutting edge between it and second tooth . . 21 Third mandibular tooth acute, an incomplete cutting edge between it and second tooth ...... P seudocentron 21(20). Apical rim of sixth metasomal sternum very inconspicuous; cheeks narrower than eyes, vertex very narrow behind eyes and lateral ocelli; third mandibular tooth broadly truncate ...... L ep to rach is Apical rim of sixth metasomal sternum- definite and rather conspicuous, cheeks below subequal in width to eyes; vertex broader behind eyes and ocelli...... Acentmn

Genus Coelioxys Latreille This genus is world-wide in distribution and is parasitic in the nests of other bees, principally Like Megachile, this genus lacks arolia, but is those of the genus Megachile. The females lay readily distinguished from Megachile by the their eggs in the Megachile cells, and the young produced and acute axillae. The thorax is robust, larvae destroy the young Megachile, then feed but the metasoma tapers posteriorly and is quite on the stores provided by the Megachile. elongate. Additionally, Coelioxys has the eyes There has been no recent work on the Cali- hairy in the American species, a character not fornia species, but useful keys will be found in shared by Megachile. the works of Crawford (1914)and Cockerel1 (1 925). Literature Cited

COCKERELL, T. D. A. Formicapis, Robertsonella, and Pro- 1925. Bees of the genus Coelioxys in the chelos toma (Hymen ., Megachilidae). collection of the California Academy of Ent. News, 49:127-132. Sciences, Pan-Pacific Ent., 1:145-151. 1939. A revision of the genus Ashmeadiella COMSTOCK, John Henry (Hymen., Megachilidae). Amer. Midland 1924. An introduction to entomology, xix+1044 Nat., 22:l-84, 1 fig., 2 pls., 1 map. pp., Ithaca, N.Y.: Comstock Publishing 1941. A generic revision of the American co. Osmiinae with descriptive notes on Old CRAWFORD, J. C. World genera (Hymenoptera , Megachi- 1914. Some species of the bee genus Coeli- lidae). Amer. Midland Nat., 26:147-176, oxys, Ann. Ent. SOC.Amer., 7:148-159. 21 figs. 1942. Taxonomic notes on the genera Chelo- DAVIDSON, A. stoma and Ashmeadiella (Hymenoptera, Alcidamea producta Cress. and its 1896. Megachilidae). Ent. News, 53:47-51. parasites. Eat. News, 7:216-218, 1 fig. 1943. The American bees of the genus Antho- GRAENICHER, S. copa with notes on Old World subgenera. 1905. Some observations on the life history Ann. Ent. SOC. Amer., 36:49-86, 1 pl. and habits of parasitic be&. Bull. 194412. Comparative external morphology, Wisconsin Nat. Hist. 3:153-167, Soc., phylogeny, and a classification of the

~ 8 figs. bees (Hymenoptera). Bull. Amer. Mus. HICKS, Charles H. Nat. Hist., 82:157-326, 246 text figures, 1926. Nesting habits and parasites of certain 13 diagrams. bees of Boulder County, Colorado. Univ. 1944b. Ihe distribution of the Osmiine bees of Colorado Studies, 15:217-252. the deserts of North America. Amer. 1933. Observations on a chrysidid parasite Nat., 78:257-266, 1 map. and its host (Hymenop. : Chrysididae, 1947~.A revision of the American species of Megachilidae). Ent. News, 49:206-209, Hopliti s (Hymenoptera, Me gachilidae). 2 figs. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 89257-318, HURD, Paul D., Jr. 59 text figures. 1954. Distributional notes on Eutricharaea, a 1947b. A character analysis of a solitary bee, Palearctic subgenus of Megachile, Hoplitis albifrons (Hymenoptera , Mega- which has become established in the chilidae). Evolution, 1:172-185. United States. Ent. News, 65:93-95. 1949~Records and descriptions of American LINSLEY, E. Gorton Megachilid bees (Hymenoptera). Jour. 1346. Insect pollinators of alfalfa in Cali- Kansas Ent. SOC., 22:41-59, 18 figs. fornia, Jour. Econ. Ent., 39(1):18-29. 1949b. A revision of the American species of LINSLEY, E. G., and J. W. MACSWAIN Diceratosmia (Hymenoptera, Megachil- 1942. The parasites, predators, and inquiline idae). Ann. Ent. SOC. Amer., 42:258- associates of Anthophora linsleyi. Amer. 264, 1Ofigs. Midland Nat., 27:402-417, 11 figs. 1951a. Records of small Megachilid bees 1943. Observations on the life history of (Hymenoptera). Jour. Kansas Ent. SOC., Trichodes ornatus (Coleoptera, Cleridae ), 24 :50-5 5. a larval predator in the nest of bees 1951b. Records and descriptions of Megachilid and wasps. Ann. Ent. SOC. Amer., 36: bees from Texas (Hymenoptera). Pan- 589-601, 1 fig., 2 pls. Pacific Ent., 27:61-71, 13 figs. MICHENER, Charles D. 1954~.Descriptions and records of North 1938a. American bees of the genus Heriades. American Anthocopa (Hymenoptera, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 31:514-531, 26 Megachilidae). Pan-Pacific Ent., 30: figs. 37-52, 9 figs. 1938b. American bees of the genus Chelostoma. 1954b. Records and descriptions of North Pan-Pacific Ent., 14:36-45, 11 figs. American Megachilid bees. Jour. Kansas 1938~.The bees of the genera Chelostomopsis, Eat. SOC., 27:65-78. 224 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

MILLER, Alden H. Osmia (Hymen0ptera:Apoidea ). Mem. Ent. 1951. An analysis of the distribution of the SOC.Washington, 1:ii+167 pp. birds of California. Univ. Calif. Publ. TIMBERLAKE, P. H., and C. D. MICHENER Zoiil., 50(6):531-644, plates 32-40, 5 1950. The bees of the genus Proteriades figs. (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae). Univ. MITCHELL, Theodore B. Kansas Sci. Bull., 33:387-440, 1 pi. 1934-1937A revision of the genus Megachile in TITUS, E. S. G. nearctic region. Trans. Amer. Ent. SOC., 1904. Some new Osmiinae in the United States 5 9: 295- 361; 61: 1-44, 155-2 05; 62~117- National Museum. Proc. Ent. SOC. 166, 323-382; 63:45-83, 175-206, 381- Washington, 6:9&1 02. 42 6. RAU, Phil WHITE, Jimmy R. 1928. The nesting habits of the pulp-making 1952. A revision of the genus Osmia, sub- bee, Alcidamea producta Cress. Psyche, genus Acanthosmioides (Hymenoptera, 35:lOO-107, 1 fig. Megachilidae). Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., SANDHOUSE, Grace A. 35 :2 13.3 07. 1939. The North American bees of the genus 6- variolosa 13 4 7 cressoni occidental is

8 L 14 microptholma variolosa sv co rina to

IO v 15 c resson i carinata

16 cressoni occidentalis

17 mic rop t halmo g roc il ior

Plate 12. Heriades. Figs. 610, profile of first metasomal sternum of male, with apex of the sternum to the left. Fig. 11, sixth metasomal sternum of Heriades occidentalis. Figs. 12-17, females, lower part of face. E 2251 19 20

californicum phacelioe cockerelli w w 21 22 23

incisulum minutum morg ino t um

24 25

subfosciota su bfoscia to Chelostomopsis

Plate 13. Chelostoma (figs. 18-33), Dicetatosmia (figs. 24, 25), and Chelostomopsis (fig. 26). Figs. 18-23, males, apex of seventh metasomgl tergum. Fig. 24, female, lower part of face of Dicet- atosmia subfasciata subfasciata (Cresson). Fig. 25, male, apex of metasoma in dorsal view of Dicetatosmia sub/a.sciata sub/asciata (Cresson). Fig. 26, head as seen from in front of female Chelostornopsis rubiflon's (Cockerell). [22Gl 28 fulgida 29 howordi

35 biscutelloe Q 34 ttuncata v

Plate 14. Hoplitis. Figs. 27-35, antennae of males, with different views of apical segment of some. 12271 36 hypoctito

37 grinnelli 38 producto producto

39 loevibullo to e7 40 plagiostamo 9

41 sombuci Plate 15. Hoplitis. Figs. 36-41, antennae of males, with different views of apical segment of some. c2283 42w 43w 44 howardi bunocephala bullifacies

linsdolei truncoto hy pocr it0

Y748 4w 2if sombuci producta ponomlntona product0 ptoducto

Plate 16. Hoplitis. Figs. 42-50, males, apex of metasoma in dorsal view. L.2291 fulgida fulgida loui sae fulgida plotyura

albif rons plogiostomo Ioevi bulla to

w 57

rufina biscutellae paroseloe

Plate 17. Hoplitis. Figs. 51-59, males, apex of metasoma in dorsal view. ho] 60 61 6273 T- ? porose lae f ulgido fulgida albifrons olbifrons

63 65 P 64 7P 5 P hypocrito biscutellae tufino c- 66 c 68 P 67 2 8 howordi hypocrito truncoto

69 P productac grocilis ol bif rons a I bif rons Plate 18. Hoplitis, Figs. 60-70, apex of mandible. i2311 71 72 73 2T 3 3 onthodyta anthodyta ponorni ntensis noma tophila

75 3 76 3 robustulo triodonto triodonto segregoto

77 79 ?d 7

copelandica enceliae mortua rupest ris

803 823 rubrella rubrel la enceliae7 enceliae nitid ivit to

Plate 19. Anthocopa. Figs. 71-82, females, apex of mandible. h21 45 > 83 84 85

anthodyta robustula nit idivit ta

86 87 88 triodonto triodonto mirif ico panomintensis

89 90 91

encelioe enceliae rupestris cope landi ca

Plate 20. Anthocopa. Figs. 83-91, males, apex of mandible. c 2331 92

hamulicornis

94 95 caudex bident icoudo

96 97 boharti semirubra

98Tl 99 L P jacintana semi rubra jacintana

Plate 21. Proteriades. Figs. 92-97, antennae of males. Figs. 98-99, females, apex of mandible. Fig. 100, male, apex of mandible. h1 101 102 103

caudex sem itu bro bidenticaudo w 104 105 106

dsserticolo boharti nonulo nonulo

w 108 107 dcsl lw hamulicomis incanescens nevadensis

jacintono xeroph f la

Plate 22. Ptotetiades. Figs. 101-111, males, apex of metasoma in dorsal view. [2351 I12 113

coctotum coctorum calif orn ico

I I4 I I5 I I6 fox iella opuntioe cubiceps cubiceps

117 I I8 119 timberlakei timbetlakei t imberlokei solido clypeoden to to w I20 121 122

stenognat ha erema solviae

Plate 23. Ashmeadzella. Figs. 112-122, females, lower part of face. E2361 124 125

cozieti sc uI Ie ni eu rynorhyncha

127 128 I26 w breviceps inyoensis rhodog notha

12 9 130 131

xenomostox sonora bucconisQ bucconis 132 133 I34 135 w w w w prosopidis femorato big elovioe tuf ipes

136 I37 138 139 W w w LPJ colifornico opuntiae timberlakei solido eury norhyncha

140 L,,+ 141 L\n/d solviae oustrolis

Plate 24. Ashmeadzella. Figs. 123-129, females, lower part of face. Figs. 130, 131, females, lateral view of head. Figs. 132-141, males, apex of seventh metasomal tergum. c2371

Index to the California Megachiline Bees

(Synonyms are in italics) abjecta (Anthocopa), 96, 97, 99 californicum (Chelostoma), 26, 27 Acanthosmioides, 155, 218 carinata (Heriades), 14, 16, 18, 24 Acentron, 219, 222 caudex (Proteriades), 131, 133, 145 Acrosmia, 8, 46, 48, 78 cazieri (Ashmeadiella), 196, 197, 208 albicinctum (Chelostoma), 27 ceanothi (Chelostomopsis), 37 albifrons (Hoplitis), 46, 54, 81, 83 Cephalosmia, 218 albomarginata (Anthocopa), 123, 125 Chalcosmia, 218 Alcidamea, 3, 8, 46, 48, 54, 74, 75 Chelostoma, 1, 8, 10, 24, 37, 96 alta (Anthocopa), 97, 99, 101, 103 Chelostomoides, 219, 222 altadenae (Ashmeadiella), 155, 157, 166 Chelostomopsis, 1, 8, 10, 37 Andronicus, 46, 47 Chilosima, 154, 213 anodontura (Anthocopa), 109 Chlorosmia, 81 Anthocopa, 1, 8, 10, 94, 129, 153 cismontanica (As hmeadiella), 179, 180 anthodyta (Anthocopa), 97, 99 clypeata (Ashmeadiella), 193 arefacta (Anthocopa), 125, 126 clypeata (Hoplitis), 54 argentifrons (Hoplitis), 83 clypeodentata (Ashmeadiella), 196, 197, 205 Argyropile, 220, 221, 222 cockerelli (Ashmeadiella), 156, 192 aridula (Ashmeadiella), 156, 159, 182, 183 cockerelli (Chelostoma), 26, 32, 67, 96 arizonensis (Ashmeadi el la), 19 2 Coelioxys, 1, 8, 10, 222 Arogochila, 154, 195 colei (Hoplitis), 56, 67, 74, 96 Ashmeadiella, 1, 3, 8, 10, 48, 54, 94, 153, 154, conjunctoides (Diceratosmia), 2 17 155 copelandica (Anthocopa), 123 asten's (Heriades), 14 coquilletti (Ashmeadiella), 187 astragali (Ashmeadiella), 153, 183, 184 Corythochila, 154, 195, 196, 211 Atoposmia, 3, 8, 94, 96, 103, 107 crassa (Ashmeadiella), 182 attonita (Proteriades), 137 cressoni (Heriades), 14, 16 australis (Ashmeadiella), 154, 195, 197, 209 Cressoniella, 219, 221 cryptanthae (Proteriades), 131, 132, 145 barbatus (Heriades), 14 cubiceps (Ashmeadiella), 156, 193 barberi (Ashmeadiella), 197, 199 Cubitognatha, 154, 195, 196, 215 basalis (Ashmeadiella), 159, 160 curriei (Ashmeadiella), 159, 160 basingeri (Proteriades), 132, 139, 141 cylindrica (Hoplitis), 46, 54 beameri (Anthocopa), 109 Cyrtosmia, 46, 54, 74, 75 bequaerti (Anthocopa), 99 bernardina (Hoplitis), 60, 62, 65, 69 daleae (Anthocopa), 109 bernardinum (Chelostoma), 26, 29 Dasyosmia, 3, 8, 46, 47, 48, 54, 75 bidenticauda (Proteriades), 130, 134, 145, 149 Delomegachile, 219, 220, 221 bigeloviae (Ashmeadiella), 153, 155, 157, 172 denticulata (Ashmeadiella), 166 biscopula (Ashmeadiella), 154, 193 Derottopis, 220, 221 biscutellae (Hoplitis), 46, 75, 77 deserticola (Proteriades), 130, 132, 149 boharti (Proteriades), 131, 141, 149 Diceratosmia, 1, 10, 44, 215, 218 brachyodonta (Hoplitis), 46, 56, 74 difugita (Ashmeadiella), 156, 157, 159, 180 breviceps (Ashmeadiella), 192, 211 dolichosoma (Chelostoma), 27 bucconis (Ashmeadiella), 153, 155, 157, 166 bullifacies (Hoplitis), 48, 52 echinocerei (Ashmeadiella), 160 bunocephala (Hoplitis), 48, 49 edwardsii (Chelostomopsis), 37 elongata (Anthocopa), 96, 97, 103 cactorum (Ashmeadiella), 156, 157, 1.60 elongaticeps (Hoplitis), 56, 67, 69, 74 californica (Ashmeadiella), 153, 156, 157, 186, emarginatula (Ashmeadiella), 180, 182 19 2 enceliae (Anthocopa). 109, 110, 117, 119 240 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY erema (Ashmeadiella), 154, 197, 208 mallognat ha (Anthocopa), 119 Eremosmia, 3, 8, 94, 107, 109 marginatum (Chelostoma), 26, 27, 36, 37 eurynorhyncha (Ashmeadiella), 195, 197, 205 maryae (Anthocopa), 109 Eutricharaea, 219, 220, 221 maura (Hoplitis), 46, 83, 85 evansi (Proteriades), 132, 151 mazourka (Hoplitis), 48, 52 Megachile, 1, 8, 10, 219 femorata (Ashmeadiella), 153, 155, 157, 170 Megachiloides, 220, 221 f loris s anten si s (As hme adi el la) 187 Melanosarus, 219, 221 Formicapis, 8, 44, 47, 48, 54 Melanosmia, 218 foveata (Ashmeadiella), 156, 159, 177 meliloti (Ashmeadiella), 156, 159, 182, 183 foxiella (Ashmeadiella), 196, 197, 199 mesae (Hoplitis), 99 fulgida (Hoplitis), 46, 81, 83, 90 mescalerium (Hoplitis), 60 micropthalma (Heriades), 11, 14 gillettei (Ashmeadiella), 156, 159, 179 minutum (Chelostoma), 26, 34 glomeruns (Heriades), 18 mitifica (Anthocopa), 109, 110, 117, 119 graciliot (Heriades), 16, 18 mojavensis (Hoplitis), 48, 52 gracilis (Hoplitis), 46, 60, 62, 67, 69 Monumetha, 3, 8, 46, 74, 81 grinnelli (Hoplitis), 46, 56, 69, 71, 74 mortua (Anthocopa), 117, 119 haematopoda (Ashmeadiella), 175, 177 namatophila (Anthocopa), 109, 110, 121 hamulicornis (Proteriades), 131, 134, 145, 147 nanula (Proteriades), 132, 133, 141 hebitis (Anthocopa), 96, 97, 106, 107 nmus (Chelostomopsis), 209 hemizoniae (Anthocopa), 107, 109, 110, 112, 121 Neomegachile, 219, 221 Heriades, 1, 8, 10, 11, 44 Neotrypetes, 11 hesperia (Hoplitis), 49 nevadensis (Proteriades), 135 hesperius (Andronicus), 85 nigra (Ashmeadiella), 160 Hexosmia, 8, 94, 123 nigra (Proteriades), 139 holti (Ashmeadiella) 213, 215 nigrella (Proteriades), 132, 133, 137 Hoplitina, 8, 47, 48 nigtior ( Anthocopa), 99 Hoplitis, 1, 8, 10, 4,94, 96, 129 nitidivitta (Anthocopa), 109, 110, 112 howardi (Hoplitis), 48, 49 Nothosmia, 155, 218 hurdiana (Anthocopa), 109, 110, 112, 121, 123 hypocrita (Hoplitis), 46, 74 occidentdis (Heriades), 14, 16, 22 hypostomalis (Anthocopa), 109, 110, 113 odontophora (Heriades), 14 odontura (Chelostoma), 27 incanescens (Proteriades), 8, 129, 131, 133, 134 opuntiae (Ashmeadiella), 153, 156, 157, 192 135 oregona (Anthocopa), 96, 97, 101 incisuloides (Chelostoma), 36, 37, 38 Osmia, 1, 8, 10, 94, 155, 215, 217, 218 incisulum (Chelostoma), 26, 27, 36 interior (Hoplitis), 60, 69 palmarum (Proteriades), 130, 133, 139 inyoensis (Ashmeadiella), 196, 211, 213 panamintana (Hoplitis), 60, 62, 65 panamintensis (Anthocopa), 96, 101, 103 jacintana (Proteriades), 129, 130, 132, 151 paroselae (Hoplitis), 75, 77 pentamera (Hoplitella), 49 laevibullata (Hoplitis), 78, 81 perissocera (Hoplitis), 78, 81 lateralis (Ashmeadiella), 196, 202 phaceliae (Chelostoma), 26, 29 Iawae (Hoplitis), 90 phaceliarum (Anthocopa), 123, 126 leachi (Ashmeadiella), 197, 199 Phaenosarus, 220, 221 Leptorachis, 220, 222 Phaeosrnia, 107, 109 leucozona (Ashmeadiella), 156, 157, 177 Physostetha, 11, 14 linsdalei (Hoplitis), 48, 52 piagiostoma (Hoplitis), 78, 81 Litomegachile, 220, 221 platyura (Hoplitis), 90 louisae (Hoplitis), 81, 83, 88 Prochelostoma, 8, 10, 24 producta (Hoplitis), 44, 46, 56, 57, 60, 62, 69 macswaini (Anthocopa), 121 productus (Heriades), 14 THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 241 prosopidis (Ashmeadiella), 153, 156, 159, 161 solida (Ashmeadiella), 199, 200, 202 Proteriades, 1, 3, 8, 10, 48, 94, 129, 130, 153 sonora (Ashmeadiella), 156, 159, 163 Pseudocentron, 219, 222 sparsa (Proteriades), 141, 143 punctata (Diceratosmia), 215 stenognatha (Ashmeadiella), 196, 197, 205 purpurascens (Heriades), 14 subangusta (Ashmeadiella), 16 1 pycnognatha (Anthocopa), 96, 97, 106, 107 subfasciata (Diceratosmia), 2, 215 pygmaea (Proteriades), 132, 133, 143 subgracilis (Hoplitis), 60, 69 submaxima (Ashmeadiella), 192 reducta (Proteriades), 131, 134, 143 remotula (Proteriades), 8, 129, 131, 133, 134 tetramerum (Chelostoma), 26, 29 rhodognatha (Ashmeadiella), 21 3 timberlakei (Anthocopa), 109, 110, 112. rhodopus (Ashmeadiella), 175, 177 timberlakei (Ashmeadiella), 154, 196, 197, 199, Robertsonella, 8,44, 46, 47, 48 200, 205 robustula (An'thocopa), 109, 110, 112 timberlakei (Heriades), 16, 18 rot undiceps (Heriade s), 166 Titusella, 154, 155, 156, 192 rubifloris (Chelostomopsis), 37 titusi (Ashmeadiella), 155, 157, 172 rubra (Ashmeadiella), 179 tota (Proteriades), 135 rubrella (Anthocopa), 109, 110, 112, 121 triodonta (Anthocopa), 3, 96,97, 103, 105, 106 rubrior (Anthocopa), 121, 123 tristis (Proteriades), 132, 133, 135 rufina (Hoplitis), 48, 78, 81 truicauda (Proteriades), 131, 134, 145, 147 rufipes (Ashmeadiella), 156, 157, 175, 177 tmncata (Hoplitis), 56, 60 rufitarsis (Ashmeadiella), 155, 156, 157, 166 truncativentris (Ashmeadiella), 172 rufiventris (Ashmeadiella), 177 rupestris (Anthucopa), 109, 110, 112 usingeri (AnthOCOpa), 105 uvulalis (Hoplitis), 56, 57, GO, 69, 74 salviae (Ashmeadiella), 154, 196, 197, 208 sambuci (Hoplitis), 46, 56, 57 variolosa (Heriades), 11, 14 Sayapis, 219, 220 viguierae (Anthocopa), 109, 110, 112, 119 schwarzi (Ashmeadiella), 161 viridimicans (Hoplitis), 83, 30 sculleni (Ashmeadiella), 197, 199 segregata (Anthocopa), 109, 110, 115 washingtonensis (Ashmeadiella), 197, 199, 213 seminigta (Proteriades), 129, 132, 134, 137, 139, wislizeni (Ashmeadiel la), 166 145 semirubra (Proteriades), 131, 132, 150 Xanthosarus, 219, 221 septentrionalis (Hoplitis), 71, 72 xenomastax (Ashmeadiella), 196, 215 shastensis (Anthocopa), 105, 106 Xeromegachile, 220, 222 sierraensis (Ashmeadiella), 187, 189 xerophila (Proteriades), 130, 133, 147 similis (Proteriades), 129, 133, 139 Xerosmia, 94 simplicior (Ashmeadiella), 205 solata (Anthocopa), 107 yosemitensis (Proteriades), 137, 139

Index to the Floral Visitational Records

Acaciagreggii, 163, 173, 183, 217 Castilleia, 42, 64, 69, 161 Acamptopappus, 182 Ceanothus, 41, 42, 72 Achillea millefolium, 62 Ceanothus cuneatus, 42 Adenostoma fas ciculatum, 166 Ceanothus integerrimus, 42 Allium, 85 Ceanothus pantijolius, 42 Allium diehlii, 94 Centromadia, 93 Ambrosia psilostachya, 170 Centromadia pungens, 186 Amorpha, 14, 217 Cercidium floridum, 115, 170 Amorpha fruticosa, 59, 62, 217 Cercidium torreyanum, 170, 172, 173, 177, 179, Amsinckia, 37 180, 205, 208, 213 Amsinckia douglasiana, 75 Cercis canadensis, 217 Angelica tomentosa, 22 Cercocarpus ledifolius, 42 Anthemis cottcla, 170 Chamaebatia foliolosa, 40 Apocynum, 85 Chaenactis, 195, 200 Arbutus menziesii, 41 Chaenactis carphoclinia, 117, 180 Arctostaphylos, 40, 42 Chaenactis glabriuscula, 74, 168 Arctostaphylos drupacea, 42 Chaenactis stevioides v=. brachypappa, 177 Arctostaphylos nevadensis, 42, 85 Chaenactis xantiana, 215 Arctostaphylos patula, 42 Chilopsis, 183 Asclepias, 134, 163, 173, 187 Chilopsis linearis, 161, 183 Asclepias eriocarpa, 59 Chorizmrthe staticoides, 41, 71 Asclepias galioides, 175 Chrysolepis, 189 Asclepias syriaca, 22 Chrysopsis, 18 Asclepias tuberosa, 160 Chrysopsis fastigiata, 182 Aster, 168, 189 Chrysothamnus, 18, 168, 170, 188 Aster adscendens, 189 Cbrysotbamus pumilis, 16, 18 Aster adscendens var. yosemitanus, 188 Chrysothamnus viridulus, 18 Aster canescens, 16, 18 Cirsium, (14), 57, 85 Aster parishii, 16 Clarkia elegans, 64, 88 Aster tephrodes, 168 Cleome, 60, 183 Astragalus, 62, 64, 75, 85, 112, 115, 154, 202 Cleome smulata, 22, 85 Astragalus antisellii, 59, 75 Cleomella, 173 Astragalus bolanderi, 65, 202 Cleomella obtusifolia, 173, 175, 183 Astragalus coulteri, 115 Coldenia palmeri, 172 Astragalus fremontii, 72, 112, 179 Collinsia, 92 Astragalus goniatus, 75 Collinsia bicolor, 40 Astragalus parishii, 65, 75 Collinsia tinctorum, 63 Astragalus pornonensis, 75 Collinsia torreyi, 63, 71, 177 Astragalus tenet, 75 Collinsia wrighti, 125 Compositae, 40, 57, 94, 109, 153, 170, 175 Baileya, 170 Convolvulus aruensis, 18 Baileya multiradiata, 161, 166, 168, 182 Cordylanthus neuinii, 160, 161 Baptisia, 60 Coreopsis lanceolata, 168 Brassica, 209 Craet egus, 62 Brassica campestris, 75 Crusea subulata, 183 Brauneria, 170 Cryptantha, 3, 8, 30, 34, 40, 41, 42, 57, 63, 71, Brauneria pallida, 170 72, 92, 129, 130, 134, 139, 143,145, 147, 150, Brodiaea laxa, 29 151, 153, 160, 161, 182, 183, 195 Cryptantha angustijolia, 137, 139, 143, 149, 213 Callirrhoe involucrata, 170 Cryptantha barbigera, 52, 115, 139, 143, 149, 150, Calyptridium umbellatum, 64, 78 153, 175, 211 244 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Cryptantha flaccida, 29, 143, 151 Eriogonum elongazum, 18 Cryptantha inaequata, 143, 160 Eriogonum fasciculatum, 24, 72, 161, 180, 188, Cryptantha intermedia, 24, 30, 32, 37, 41, 42, 49, 21 5 71, 72, 87, 92, 93, 126, 129, 134, 137, 139, Eriogonum jasciculatum var. polifolium, 173 141, 143, 145, 150, 151, 153, 168, 173, 175, Eriogonum gracile, 166, 182 180, 183, 188, 200 Eriogonum nudum, 16 Cryptantha micrantha, 42,137, 145, 147, 151, 183 Eriogonum trichopes, 163, 173, 175 Cryptantha micrantha var. lepida, 143, 153, 161 Eriogonum wrightii subscaposum, 161 Cryptantha muricata var. denticulata, 153 Eriophyllum, 16 Cryptantha racemosa, 71, 137 Eriophyllum multicaule, 150 Eucnide urens, 71 Dalea, 67, 154, 177, 182, 205, 208, 213 Eupatorium occidentale, 188 Dalea argyraea, 160, 183 Euphorbia, 175 Dalea californica, 115, 200, 213, 215 Euphorbia albomarginata, 18 Dalea gmoryi, 175, 205 Euphorbia polycarpa var. hirtella, 163 Dalea formosa, 179, 183 Dalea fremontii, 67, 72, 77, 112, 115, 123, 160, Fragaria californica, 41 170, 172, 205, 208, 213 Fragaria vesca, 94 Dalea mollis, 123, 175 Frasera parryi, 24 Dalea neomexicana, 215 Dalea pogonathera, 160, 183 Gaillardia, 217 Daleapolyadenia, 77, 115, 184, 213, 215 Gaillardia pulcheila, 170, 217 Dalea saundersii, 115, 215 Gayophytum diffusum, 64 Dalea schottii, 115, 213, 215 Gayopbytum ramosissimum, 16 Dalea spinosus, 175 Gentiana parryi, 94 Delphinium, 40 Geraea canescens, 77, 173, 179 Dicentra, 6s Geranium, 85, 94 Dicentra chrysanthq 59 Geranium caespitosum, 94 Dipetaiia linifolia, 211 Geranium fremontii, 85 Diplacus aurantiacus, 179 Geranium maculatum, 62 Draperia systyla, 34 Geranium richardsonii, 16 Gilia, 36, 40, 60, 62, 85, 180 Echinocact us, 192 Gilia exilis, 30, 32, 42, 64, 65 Ecbinocactus cylindraceus, 192 Gilia multicaulis, 188 Echinocereus engelmannii, 192 Cilia tricolor, 36 Encelia, 119, 168, 179, 195 Glycyrrhiza lepidota, 65 Encelia actoni, 119 Grindelia, 14, 18, 75, 168, 170, 182, 187, 189 Encelia californica, 168 Grindelia camporum, 166, 187, 188 Encelia fatinosq 77, 117, 119, 121, 161, 168, 188 Grindelia elata, 188 Enceliopsis argophylla var. gradi/lora, 119 Grindelia nana, 170, 189 Ericameria teretifolia, 168 Grindelia squmtosa, 170 Erigeron, 18, 30, 85 Gutierrezia, 18 Erigeron divergens, 34, 161, 168 Gutierrezia californica, 16, 161, 168, 173, 182, Erigeron foliosus, 18 188 Erigeron foliosus var, stenophyllus, 16, 30, 168, Gutierrezia lucida, 168, 182, 183 187, 188 Gutierrezia sarothrae, 14 Erigeron miser, 177 Erigeron philadeiphicus, 14, 62 Haplopappus, 195 Eriodictyon, 24, 32, 37, 40, 42, 63, 67, 86, 87, Haplopappus gracilis, 18 90, 96 Helenium bigelovii, 16 Eriodictyon cali/ornicum, 27, 42, 65, 75 Helenium laciniatum, 170, 175 Eriodictyon crassifolium, 37, 57 Helenium tenuifolium, 217 Eriodictyon tricbocalyx, 22, 27, 32, 34, 67, 87, Heliantbus, 14, 22, 40, 57, 65, 168, 170, 189, 217 112, 180, 200 Helianthus gracilentus, 121, 172, 179 Eriogonum, 24, 30, 57, 65, 71, 86, 88, 143, 151, Helianthus petiolaris, 62, 170 175, 182, 183, 188 Heliopsis helianthoides, 14, 170 THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 245

Heliotropium, 163, 172, 173, 184, 186, 213, 217 Machaeranthera tanacetifolia, 217 Heliotropium curassavicum, 74, 163, 172, 173, Malacothrix, 179 175, 179 Malacothrix glabrata, 126 Heliotropium curassauicum vat. obouatum, 186 Malua parviflora, 149 Heliotropium curassauicum var. oculatum, i79, Malva silvestns, 14 180, 182, 183, 184, 186, 217 Marilaunidium origanifolium, 217 Hemizonia, 188 Marrubium vulgare, 71, 92, 175, 183, 184, 217 Hemizonia paniculata, 121 Medicago sativa, 22, 59, 62, 75, 173, 187, 217 Heterotheca grandiflora, 168, 188 Melilotus, 14, 22, 42, 62, 163, 173, 180, 187, 195, Horkelia, 42 213 Hosackia rosea, 161 Melilotus alba, 14, 22, 175, 183, 186 Hugelia virgata, 67, 71, 163, 173, 180, 182, 188 Melilotup indica, 71 Hymenop app us fl av escens, 173 Melilotus officinalis, 22, 62, 217 Hyptis emoryi, 77, 119, 170, 211 Mentha, 14 Mentha canadensis, 14, 22, 62 tris missouriensis, 87 Mentzelia albicaulis, 92 lsocoma acradenia, 168, 173 Mertensia franciscana, 85 Isocoma veneta, 168 Mimulus, 32, 34, 42, 64, 69, 92, 73, 160 Isomeris arborea, 173 Mimulus (dwarf red), 72 Mimulus (yellow), 29 Lactuca pulchella, 170 Mimulus fremontii, 32, 34, 42, 65 Lappula, 93 Mirabilis Iaevis, 87 Larrea, 77, 78, 149, 163, 170, 211 Monarda, 14, 22, 217 Larrea glutinosa, 72, 77, 112, 170, 172, 173, 175, Monarda citriodora, 2 17 211 Monarda pectinata, 62 Lathyrus, 75 Monardella douglasii, 188 Layia, 40 Monardella exilis, 172 Layia glandulosa, 57 Monardella lanceolata, 177 Layia platyglossa, 27 Monardella linoides var. strictu, 161, 209 Lepidium mo-ntanum, 183 Lesquerella, 62, 217 Nama demissum, 52, 67, 112, 121, 143 Lessingia leptoclada, 189 Namaparryi, 30, 32, 40, 105, 183 Linum, 72 Nama rothrockii, 85, 160, 202 Lomatium dasycarpum, 37 Navarretia viscidula, 168, 188 Lonicera intetrupta, 22, 59, 88 Nemophila, 29, 34, 40, 44, 63, 78, 81, 86, 92, 93, Lotus, 30, 32, 40, 49, 57, 59, 63, 64, 65, 67, 71, 94, 126 72, 74, 75, 86, 154, 183, 184, 186, 189, 200, 202 Nemophila maculata, 41, 72 Lotus americanus, 183, 184, 188 Nemophila menziesii vat. integrifolia, 27, 29, 34 Lotus argophyllus, 161, 200 41, 87, 73, 126 Lotus arizonims, 200 Nemophila pulchella, 37 Lotus crassifolius, 74 Nolina parryi, 24 Lotus davidsonii, 41, 42, 64, 87, 161, 173, 182, 183, 200 Oenothera, 60 Lotus glaber, 42, 49, 59, 71, 72, 75, 161, 186, Olneya tesota, 163 200, 202 Opulaster, 85 Lotus nevadensis, 63, 161, 202 Opuntia, 18, 24, 85, (153). 192 Lotus scoparius, 40, 49, 57, 59, 63, 71, 72, 74, Opuntia echinocarpa, 172 75, 86, 161, 166, 172, 200, 217 Opuntia megacalpa, 182, 192 Lotus strigosus, 49, 71, 72 Opuntia parryi, 172 Lupinus, 41 Opuntia vaseyi, 192 Lupinus (silvery), 59 Oxalis (yellow), 217 Lupinus breweri, 63 Lupinus concinnus, 71, 200 Palafoxia linearis, 112, 115, 175, 217 Lupinus formosus, 59 Parosela See Dalea Lupinus odoratus, 112, 215 Part henocissus quinquefolia, 22 Lupinus paynei, 59, 75 Pectis papposa, 163, 168, 173, 175 246 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Pedicularis groenlandica, 85 Prosopis, 71, 163, 173, 177, 183, 205, 211, 213, Penstemon, 22, 32, 41, 59, 60, 62, 64, 65, 75, 94, 217 96, 105, 154, 183, 192, 207, 211 Pmsopis chilensis glandulosa, 78, 163, 179, 182, Penstemon(( blue), 160 205, 213, 215 Penstemon (white), 199 Prosopis juliflora, 217 Penstemon antirrhinoides, 107 Prunus, 217 Penstemon breuiflorus, 40, 107, 209 Prunus me1 anocarp a, 94 Penstemon cordifolius, 65 runu us pennsylvanica, 14 Penstemon cyananthus, 72 Pyrrhopappus multicaulis, 175, 183 Penstemon grinnellii, 65, 101, 161, 209 R adicula nasturtium-aquaticum, 42 Penstemon heterophyllus, 106 R anunculus, 42, 87, 94 Penstemon hirsutus, 62 Ratibida, 14 Penstemon Iabrosus, 105 Rhamnus mcea, 37, 40, 72, 207 Penstemon laetus, 37 Rhus, 217 Penstemon leonmdi, 75 Rhus tn'lobata, 37, 41, 92 P enst emon p almeri, 10 1 Ribes roezlii, 42 Penstemon spectabilis, 57, 63, 65, 105 Rosa, 85 Penstemon ternatus, 161 Rubus, 60, 217 Petalostemon, 170 Rubus argutus, 62 Petalostemon candidus, 22 Rubus deliciosus, 94 Petalonyx thurberi, 173, 175 Rubus leucodemis, 59, 63 Phacelia, 24, 27, 29, 30, 32, 34, 36, 37, 40, 42, 52, 57, 59, 62, 63, 64, 65, 78, 81, 85, 86, 87, Salix, 57, 63, 217 88, 70, 92, 93, 94, 103, 112, 125, 126, 160, Salix nigra, 163 161, 187, 188, 199, 200, 202, 217 Salvia, 40, 47, 154 Phacelia (white), 24, 27 Salvia camosa, 27, 40, 74 Phacelia brachyloba, 42 Salvia columbariae, 37, 40, 107 Phacelia californica, 30, 34, 40, 87 Salvia mellifera, 37, 40, 57, 71, 208, 209 Phacelia nenulata, 173 Salvia pachyphylla, 161 Phacelia dauidsonii, 27, 29, 34, 42, 64, 200 Sambucus, 75 Phacelia distans, 27, 27, 30, 32, 34, 36, 37, 63, Sambucus glauca, 60 64, 72, 87, 92, 73, 112, 125, 126, 177, 215 Sedum stenopetalum, 179 Phacelia dubia, 62 Senecio, 18, 42, 85 Phacelia fremontii, 52 Senecio douglasii, 168, 170, 189 Phacelia aff. fremontii, 52 Senecio ionophyllus, 18 Phacelia glandulosa, 85 Sesuuium sessile, 172, 187 Phacelia heterophylla, 34, 86, 87, 92, 125, 161, Sidalcea, 64 180, 200 Sidalcea calycosa, 64 Phacelia hispida, 29, 30, 37, 205 Sidalcea malvaeflora, 22 Phacelia hydrophylloides, 126 Sideranthus, 170 Phacelia leucophylla, 85, 94 Solidago, 14, 18, 22, 62, 170, 184, 186, 189 Phacelia linearis, 34, 62, 65, 74, 74 Solidago californica, 16, 18, 24, 168, 182, 186, Phacelia minor, 37 202, 209 Phacelia platyloba, 27, 36, 37, 71, 177, 205 Solidago confinis, 16, 18 Phacelia ramosissima, 30, 34, 71, 87, 92, 160, Solidago petradoria, 16 161, 172, 182, 200 Solidago rigida, 14 Phacelia 'tanacetifolia, 29, 92 Sphaeralcea, 77, 172, 195, 217 Photinia arbuti folia, 16 Sphaeralcea ambigua, 72, 78, 163, 172 Plagiobothrys nothofuluus, 29, 42 Sphaeralcea fasciculatum, 92 Pluchea sericea, 163, 213, 217 Spiraea sorbifolia, 85 Pogonia graminifolia, 60 Stachys californica, 93 Polygonum scandens, 22 Stanleyapinnata, 57, 59, 74, 86 Potentilla, 30, 93, 94 Stenotopsis linearifolius, 42, 77, 195 Potentilla glandulosa, 42, 59, 64, 85, 188 Stephanomeria, 22, 179, 188, 211 Potentilla gracilis, 16 Stephanomeria exigua, 188 THE MEGACHILINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 247

Taraxacum, 54 Verbena, 180 Teucrium depressum, 177 Verbena prostrata, 40, 183 Tephrosia virginiana, 60, 62 Verbesina auriculata, 175 Tetradymia canescens, 22 Vernonia, 14 Tetragonotheca ludoviciuna, 170 Vicia, 22, 57, 60, 75, 85, 217 Thelesperma gracile, 14 Vicia americana, 65 Trichostema lanatum, 32, 161 Viguiera multiflora var. nevadensis, 182, 192 Trichostema laxum, 184 Viguiera parishii, 119 Trichostema ovutum, 59 Viola purpurea, 81 Trifolium, 62, 72, 74, 92, 184, 202 Trifolium melananthwn, 44 Wi s I izenia r ef ractu, 17 3 Trifolium tridentatum, 40 Wyethia, 42 Trifolium variegatum, 64, 202