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Herpetofauna from an Urban Pampa Fragment in Southern Brazil: Composition, Structure and Conservation

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Herpetofauna from an Urban Pampa Fragment in Southern Brazil: Composition, Structure and Conservation 12 5 1964 the journal of biodiversity data 23 September 2016 Check List LISTS OF SPECIES Check List 12(5): 1964, 23 September 2016 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/12.5.1964 ISSN 1809-127X © 2016 Check List and Authors Herpetofauna from an urban Pampa fragment in southern Brazil: composition, structure and conservation Omar Machado Entiauspe-Neto1*, Tângela Denise Perleberg1 and Marco Antonio de Freitas2 1 Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Sul Rio Grandense, Câmpus Pelotas Visconde da Graça, Av. Engenheiro Ildefonso Simões Lopes, 2791; 96060-290; Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil 2 Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio), PARNA do Catimbau, Vila Catimbau, CEP 56537-000, Buíque, Pernambuco, PE, Brazil * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Faunistic inventories regarding natural histo- (Quintela and Loebmann 2009). ry of amphibians and reptiles are considered scarce and Although indispensable to the knowledge and very little is known about their assemblages in urban conservation of amphibians and reptiles, faunistic areas; the Pampas morphoclimatic domain, also known inventories are few in Brazil (Haddad 1998; Santos et al. as Uruguayan Savannah or Southern Grasslands, is also 2005). Most of these studies are conducted in relatively poorly known regarding their faunal composition. Here- well-preserved areas, with few data being gathered in in, we present a checklist of 16 amphibian and 20 reptile areas with significant anthropic action (Santos et al. species recorded over a course of four years in the Insti- 2005; Hamdan et al. 2013). These areas, even small tuto Federal de Educação, Ciências e Tecnologia, Câm- fragments, are crucial to local fauna conservation, and pus Pelotas-Visconde da Graça, in Pelotas, Rio Grande in most cases, represent the only areas with favorable do Sul, Brazil. We also present data on natural history habitats to native species in urban areas, known as and discuss conservation efforts to be undertaken in the “green islands” (Barbo et al. 2011; Hamdan et al. 2013). area, in one of the least preserved and known Brazilian Amphibians and reptiles also suffer from several morphoclimatic domains, providing insights into urban pressures to coexistence with humans in urbanized herpetofaunal diversity patterns and showing the im- areas (Hamer and McDonnel 2008; Toledo 2009; portance of modified areas in its conservation. Puorto 2012), leading to a decrease of specialist and an increase in opportunistic species, eg. inharmonious Key words: natural history; amphibians; reptiles; relationships with humans, habitat fragmentation and Uruguayan Savannah; Rio Grande do Sul pollution (Magura et al. 2004; Rubbo and Kiesecker 2005; McKinney 2006; Purkayastha et al. 2011). In order to provide an inventory of herpetofauna INTRODUCTION and contribute to understanding the impacts of The state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil, can be urbanization, this work seeks to assess richness split into two morphoclimatic domains: Atlantic Forest and species composition of amphibian and reptile in its northern portion, and Pampa, also known as Uru- assemblages in an urban area of Pampa, Pelotas, RS, guayan Savannah or Southern Grasslands, occurring Brazil. principally south of the 30th parallel. Although occur- ring in other countries, in Brazil Pampa is restricted to MATERIALS AND METHODS RS (Ab’Sáber 1977; Olson et al. 2001; IBGE 2004). Only Study site 41% of its original habitat remains, in various stages of The study was conducted in the Instituto Federal de conservation, contrasting with no protected areas under Educação, Ciências e Tecnologia, Câmpus Pelotas-Visconde categories I–IV under its sensu strictu (IBGE 2004) da Graça (Figures 1 and 2; 31°43′27″ S, 052°18′27″ W, 30 concept. Therefore it is one of the least protected mor- m above sea level). The area is approximately 809,300 phoclimatic domains in Brazil (Maury 2002; IBGE 2004; m², located in the urban region of Pelotas municipality, Hasenack and Cordeiro 2006). Although it supports Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The site is in the Coastal Plains important species diversity, the faunal composition and of the Pampa morphoclimatic domain, with grasslands, structure of Rio Grande do Sul Pampa are poorly known wetlands and native forests. There is a strong anthropic Check List | www.biotaxa.org/cl 1 Volume 12 | Number 5 | Article 1964 Entiauspe-Neto et al. | Herpetofauna from an urban Pampa fragment in southern Brazil Figure 1. (White polygon): Location of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Figure 2. General aspect of study site (A) Altered open area; (B) Open area with little alteration; (C) Altered forest area; (D) Forest area with little to no alteration. Check List | www.biotaxa.org/cl 2 Volume 12 | Number 5 | Article 1964 Entiauspe-Neto et al. | Herpetofauna from an urban Pampa fragment in southern Brazil alteration in the Campus, due to the suppression of or local inhabitants, or roadkilled individuals in the native vegetation for pasture and cultivation. The region collection of the Campus Pelotas-Visconde da Graça is characterized by its horizontal heterogeneity, with (CHIF). This method was modified from Cunha and short shrubs, forest areas with native trees of reduced Nascimento (1978) and Vanzolini (1986). Taxonomy stature and plain physiognomy, and sand dunes (Burger follows Costa and Bérnils (2014) and Segalla et al. (2014). and Ramos 2007). Specific identifications and the term “cf.” (abbreviation of the Latin word “confer”) follow Abegg and Entiauspe- Data collection Neto (2012) and Quintela et al. (2006). Unless stated Fieldwork was carried out sporadically, usually 16 in Appendix I (index of the 20 voucher specimens used times a month, with an unspecified range of hours, from in this study) or in the species accounts, specimens July 2012 to April 2015, for a total of 34 months, and were not collected, but are herein represented by a 544 search days. For recording observations, we used photographic record. the following methods: Time-constrained active search: This method was RESULTS modified from Campbell and Christman (1982), Oliveira From 2012 to 2015, we recorded 162 amphibians in (1998) and Bernarde and Abe (2006), consisting of 16 species and 37 reptiles in 20 species (Tables 1 and 2). walking slowly (approximately 100 m per 30 minutes) Among the amphibians, anurans of the families Bufoni- during day (07:30–17:00) or night (18:30–04:30), with dae (one species), Odontophrynidae (one species), the objective of observing individuals. For crocodilians Hylidae (seven species), Leptodactylidae (five species) and chelonians, we used binoculars for passive observa- and Microhylidae (one species) as well as an Apoda of tion. For amphibians, we employed a modified version the family Typhlonectidae were recorded. Among the of quantitative counting based on listening points and Reptiles, snakes of the families Dipsadidae (10 species) the “Índice Pontual de Abundância” methodology of and Viperidae (two species) were recorded as well as liz- Vielliard et al. (2010). This allowed for causual move- ards of the families Gymnophtalmidae (one species) and ment of the observer within the limitations of the Teiidae (two species), chelonians of the family Emydidae terrain (as opposed to the strict transect methodology) (one species) and Chelidae (two species), one crocodil- and significantly reduced recounted specimens. ian of the family Alligatoridae and one amphisbaenian Road search: This method consists of repeated vehicle of the family Amphisbaenidae. travel over roads in search of live or roadkilled specimens. In all years there was a marked difference in activity Occasional records: Specimens which were not found by correlated to the temperature in colder (autumn to win- the previous methods, recorded either by photographic ter) and warmer (spring to summer) months (Figure 3). evidence or collected specimens, or by other researchers The majority of the reptiles were found from November Figure 3. Occurrence of reptile and amphibians in the study site from 2012 to 2015 (see Materials and Methods), correlated with mean temperature in the city of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Check List | www.biotaxa.org/cl 3 Volume 12 | Number 5 | Article 1964 Entiauspe-Neto et al. | Herpetofauna from an urban Pampa fragment in southern Brazil Table 1. Amphibian species recorded at Campus Pelotas-Visconde da Graça, Pelotas, Brazil. OA = Open areas; FL = Forested areas; WA = Wet areas (Includes swamps and seasonal wetlands); G = Generalist (Species assigned for all anterior options); activity pattern: D = Diurnal; N = Nocturnal; G = Generalist. Substrate: AQ = Aquatic; AR = Arboreous; FO = Fossorial or cryptozoic (Species recorded either under the substrate or soil, including hibernating or inactive individuals); TE = Terrestrial; G = Generalist; record type: AS = Active search; RS = Road search; OR = Occasional records. Unknown categories are indicated with a (?). Taxon Habitat Activity pattern Substrate Record type GYMNOPHIONA Typhlonectidae Chtonerpeton indistinctum (Reinhardt & Lütken, 1862) WA G AQ/FO AS, RS, OR ANURA Bufonidae Rhinella dorbignyi (Duméril & Bibron, 1841) G G AQ/ FO/TE AS, RS, OR Odontophrynidae Odontophrynus americanus (Duméril & Bibron, 1841) ? ? ? RS Hylidae Dendropsophus sanborni (Schmidt, 1944) FL N AR AS Hypsiboas pulchella (Duméril & Bibron, 1841) G N AR/TE AS Scinax fuscovarius (Lutz, 1925) OA N AR AS Scinax cf. granulatus (Peters, 1871) OA N AR OR Scinax nasicus (Cope, 1862) OA
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