virosa Škorničk. & Q.B.Nguyễn, sp. nov. (Lowiaceae), a new species endemic to northern Vietnam

Jana LEONG-ŠKORNIČKOVÁ The Herbarium, Singapore Botanic Gardens, 1 Cluny Road, 259569 (Singapore) [email protected]

Quốc Bình NGUYỄN Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoàng Quốc Việt Street, Cầu Giấy, Hanoi (Vietnam)

Otakar ŠÍDA Department of Botany, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740, Praha 9, Horní Počernice 19300 (Czech Republic)

Leong-Škorničková J., Nguyễn Q. B. & Šída O. 2014. — Orchidantha virosa Škorničk. & Q.B.Nguyễn, sp. nov. (Lowiaceae), a new species endemic to northern Vietnam. Adansonia, sér. 3, 36 (2) : 237-243. http ://dx.doi.org/10.5252/a2014n2a6

ABSTRACT Orchidantha virosa Škorničk. & Q.B.Nguyễn, sp. nov. (Lowiaceae), a new species from Phú ọ province, northern Vietnam is described and illustrated here. e new species is unique among other species in Vietnam and in KEY WORDS its robust habit and size (up to 2 m) and the non-petiolate leaves in mature Orchidantha, Vietnam, individuals. e key to Orchidantha N.E.Br. species of Laos and Vietnam is new species. accordingly updated.

RÉSUMÉ Orchidantha virosa Škorničk. & Q.B.Nguyễn, sp. nov. (Lowiaceae), une nouvelle espèce endémique du nord Vietnam. Orchidantha virosa Škorničk. & Q.B.Nguyễn, sp. nov. (Lowiaceae), une espèce nouvelle de la province de Phú ọ (au nord du Vietnam) est décrite et illus- trée ici. Elle se distingue des autres espèces connues au Vietnam et au Laos par MOTS CLÉS son port robuste, sa grande taille (jusqu’à 2 m) et ses feuilles sessiles dans les Orchidantha, Vietnam, individus adultes. La clé de détermination des Orchidantha N.E.Br. du Laos et espèce nouvelle. du Vietnam est révisée en conséquence.

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INTRODUCTION SYSTEMATICS

Lowiaceae Ridl., with a single Orchidantha Genus Orchidantha N.E.Br. N.E.Br., is one of the three small families in Zin- giberales, currently accommodating 20 species. Orchidantha virosa A brief introduction to the genus has been given Škorničk. & Q.B.Nguyễn, sp. nov. recently by Trần & Leong-Škorničková (2010) (Figs 1; 2) and therefore is not repeated here. Even though most of the Orchidantha species are usually locally Similar to O. fimbriata Holttum in its robust habit and non-petiolate leaves in mature individuals, but differs by common, the fact that most of them are endem- greenish sepals with more or less purple tinge externally, lateral ics and occurs within very limited area has direct sepals overlapping at tips and supporting the deep purple conservation implications. to maroon labellum, and stigma with minutely fimbriate e number of Orchidantha species has increased margin and Y-shaped viscidium (versus dark purple sepals, nearly double-fold in last twenty years with latest lateral sepals spreading, labellum with narrow dark purple O. stercorea base and creamy white distal part, and stigma with long additions from southern Vietnam, fimbriae and broadly v-shaped viscidium in O. fimbriata). H.Đ.Trần & Škorničk., and from Peninsular Malaysia, O. lengguanii Škorničk. Lowiaceae are TYPUS. — Vietnam. Phú ọ Province, Tân Sơn District, severely under-represented in herbaria and are Xuân Sơn National Park, alt. 497 m, 21°06’36.5”N, sometimes misidentified. e “ordinary” looking 104°57’50.2”E, mixed broadleaved evergreen forest on limestone, fl., 10.IV.2013, Leong-Škorničková J., leaves, which in sterile stage can be easily mistaken Nguyễn Q. B., Šída O. & ame A. JLS-2149 (holo-, for Hanguana Blume, Aspidistra Ker Gawl., Tupistra SING! [mounted on two sheets SING 0200289 & Ker Gawl. or other monocot genera, do not at- SING 0200290 ; incl. spirit] ; iso-, E!, P!, PR! [incl. tract particular attention. e flowers are seasonal spirit], VNMN! [incl. spirit]). and usually hidden in leaf-litter, so they get rarely PARATYPI. — Vietnam. Phú ọ Province, Tân Sơn noticed. e foul smell emitted by flowers, often District, Xuân Sơn National Park, fl., 2.V.2011, Bình, reminding of dead rotten animal or dungs further Nguyễn Q. B. VNM-B0001356 (SING, VNMN) ; ibi- divert any potential collectors, except specialists. dem, Xuân Sơn commune, proximity of Cỏi village, While it can be expected that more species yet alt. 280 m, 21°09’09”N, 104°56’30”E, fl., 13.IV.2013, Leong-Škorničková J., Nguyễn Q. B., Šída O. & ame remain to be found in both peninsular Asia as A. JLS-2179 (PR, SING, VNMN). well as in , the increase in species diversity is not expected to be as steep as in e.g., Aspidistra ETYMOLOGY. — e specific epithet “virosa” refers to (Asparagaceae Juss.), which is another excellent the strong pungent smell reminding of a dead rat. example of herbaceous monocot genus, of which vast diversity has been overlooked until recently DESCRIPTION (e.g., Tillich & Averyanov 2012). Robust herb to 2 m. Leaves of juvenile dis- e second author noticed the new Orchidan- tinctly petiolate, petiole up to half length of the entire tha species in 2004 and 2011, but only during leaf. Leaves of mature plants not petiolate, leaf blades a recent effort to monograph the family by the mid green up to 2 m long, up to 22 cm at widest first author, we have been able to verify that this point in upper ⅓, narrowly oblanceolate, midrib species is indeed new. During our recent expedi- impressed above and prominent beneath, lamina tion to northern Vietnam we were able to collect gradually tapering into narrow wings in lowermost ample amount of flowering material, which en- part of the leaf. Inflorescence on branched, cream- able us to describe and illustrate this species in coloured, burrowing stem with prominent bracts detail below. e key to the species Orchidantha and/or their scars. Prophyll, second and third bracts in Vietnam and Laos given by Trần & Leong- cream to light green ; prophyll 26-33 × 16-22 mm Škorničková (2010) is modified to include the with two keels, second bract 32-34 × 18-20 mm, latest addition. third bract 38-40 × 17-29 mm. Floral bract appear-

238 ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2014 • 36 (2) New Orchidantha N.E.Br. from Vietnam

AB

CD

E F

FIG. 1. — Orchidantha virosa Škorničk. & Q.B.Nguyễn, sp. nov. : A, habit of mature plants ; B, (front view) ;C , young plants with petiolate leaves ; D, base of clump with ; E, young fruit in floral bract ; F, detail of lateral overlapping stigma. Photos by Jana Leong-Škorničková.

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ing above the soil or with the proximal part burried, Vietnam, Laos and Thailand. The leaves, which dark purple, minutely mucronate, 48-77 mm long, are not petiolate in adult individuals as well as c. 30 mm wide, sheathing the 75-90 mm long ovary large flowers make it quite distinct and easy extension. Flowers open in the morning, are pre- to recognize among other Orchidantha spe- sented above the ground, and emit a strong smell cies in the Indochinese floristic region (sensu of dead rats. Pedicel up to 50 mm, ovary exten- Takhtajan 1986). In peninsular Southeast Asia sion 70-90 mm, cream white with purple tinge in it vegetatively reminds of O. fimbriata Holttum, apical third. Sepals greenish internally, with more a native to the Malay Peninsula, but the latter or less purple tinge externally, minutely cuspidate, has flowers with dark purple sepals and labellum unequal ; dorsal sepal obovate, 78-110 × 28-33 mm ; with narrow dark purple base and creamy white lateral sepals overlap at tips, and support the labellum and somewhat mucilaginous distal part which 78-117 × 10-13 mm. Lateral petals overlapping at is usually three-lobed (Holttum 1790). In its base covering stamens and style, purple-black with habit and non-petiolate adult leaves, Orchidantha velvety appearance, unequally oblong, apiculate, in- virosa Škorničk. & Q.B.Nguyễn, sp. nov. also ternal margin straight, exposed margins irregularly resembles most of the robust Bornean species, of fimbriate, 23-30 × 7-8 mm. Labellum deep purple which O. quadricolor L.B.Pedersen & A.L.Lamb to maroon, fairly shiny (“plastic” looking), narrow at (Pedersen 2001), O. inouei Nagam. & S.Sakai basal third (c. 16 mm wide), rhomboid at apical ⅔, (Nagamasu & Sakai 1999) and O. grandiflora with a median raised midrib c. 5 mm broad, margins Mood & L.B.Pedersen (Pedersen 2001) dif- slightly crenulate and serrate, 71-105 × 35-38 mm. fer by lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate dor- Stamens 14-15 mm long ; filaments 4-5 mm long, sal sepal strongly reflexed at anthesis, and the dark purple-black at base, cream-coloured towards latter two species also by having lateral sepals thecae, thecae cream-coloured, introrse, c. 10 mm spreading at anthesis (vs dorsal sepal obovate, long, longitudinally dehiscent throughout the length. not reflexed and lateral sepals overlapping at Style purple, c. 13 mm long, stigma 11 mm long, tips and supporting the labellum in O. virosa deeply 3-lobed, the lobes forming a tube, truncate, Škorničk. & Q.B.Nguyễn, sp. nov.). Orchidan- conduplicate, minutely fimbriate at the margins, tha holttumii K.Larsen (Larsen 1993), O. su- fimbriae of equal length, unbranched ; lateral lobes ratii L.B.Pedersen, J.Linton & A.L.Lamb and c. 5 mm long ; median lobe 8-9 mm, viscidium O. sabahensis L.B.Pedersen & A.L.Lamb (both (secretion tissue on ventral side) Y-shaped and Pedersen 2001) have similarly positioned sepals pronounced in side view forming a small bump. like O. virosa, but differ in shape of labellum, Young fruit 3-locular, loculicidal capsule embedded which is in all three species broadly to narrowly in the soil, cream coloured (parts in the ground), lanceolate with apical part more or less undu- tinged with maroon to very dark purple (exposed late and up to some degree involute (vs straight parts above ground), ovoid, somewhat trigonous, labellum with narrow basal third and rhomboid capsule c. 45 mm long and 18 mm in diameter, at apical part). Orchidantha virosa sp. nov. is with a beak c. 20 mm long. Seeds (immature, still also unique by its Y-shaped viscidium (vs V- white and soft) 6-7 mm long, 5-6 mm in diameter, shaped, broadly U-shaped and heart-shaped puberulent, ampulliform with a seed coat swelling viscidia previously reported in the genus). The forming a neck that bears 4-7 white, 3-8 mm long intriguing anatomy of the stigma in Lowiaceae aril-threads. e description is based on living ma- has been described in detail by Pedersen & Jo- terial of JLS-2149 & JLS-2179. hansen (2004). e genome size of this species (methodology REMARKS as outlined in Leong-Škorničková et al. 2007) has With leafy shoots reaching up to 2 m, Orchi- been estimated at 2C = 5.67 pg (internal standard dantha virosa sp. nov. is larger and more robust Bellis perennis 2C = 3.42 pg). is value is near- that any other species previously recognised in est to genome size of O. laotica K.Larsen (2C =

240 ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2014 • 36 (2) New Orchidantha N.E.Br. from Vietnam

AB

C

FIG. 2. — Orchidantha virosa Škorničk. & Q.B.Nguyễn, sp. nov. : A, inflorescences (scale in cm above, inches below) ;B , dissec- tion of flower : entire flower with flower bract and labellum attached, third bract, second bract and prophyll, dorsal sepal and two lateral sepals (scale in cm above, inches below) ; C, details of petals, anthers and stigma unmanipulated (left), with sepals removed and style, stigma and anthers joined (middle), dorsal view of style and stigma (right) (scale in mm). Photos by Jana Leong-Škorničková.

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KEY TO ORCHIDANTHA N.E.BR. IN LAOS AND VIETNAM 1. Labellum more than 6 cm long ; ovary extension 7-9 cm long ...... 2 — Labellum up to 5 cm long ; ovary extension 3-4 cm long ...... 3 2. Robust up to 2 m high, leaves of adult plants not petiolate, lateral petals purple- black, labellum narrow at basal third, rhomboid at apical 2/3, 7-10.5 × 3.3-3.8 cm ...... O. virosa Škorničk. & Q.B.Nguyễn, sp. nov. — Plant up to 0.8 m tall, leaves of adult plants petiolate, petioles 10-27 cm, lateral petals whitish cream with a light violet tinge, labellum lanceolate 6.5-7.8 × 2.0-2.2 cm ...... O. vietnamica K.Larsen 3. Plant up to 0.8 m ; petiole up to 45 cm long ; floral bract longer than ovary extension ; labellum 2.0-2.5 cm long, brown with yellow stripes ...... O. laotica K.Larsen — Plant up to 1.2 m ; petiole up to 70 cm long ; floral bract as long as or shorter than ovary extension ; labellum 3.3-3.9 cm long, dark violet with a yellow-cream patch at base ...... O. stercorea H.Đ.Trần & Škorničk.

6.04 pg) and O. stercorea H.Đ. Tr ần & Škorničk. is acknowledged for his wholehearted help during (2C = 5.44 pg), and within the variation range of the fieldwork. We thank to local authorities, in par- genome sizes of Indochinese Orchidantha species, ticular Mr. Phạm Văn Long, Director of Xuân Sơn ranging from 2C = 5.03 pg in O. foetida Jenjitt. & National Park for permit to carry out the research K.Larsen to 2C = 6.25 pg in O. siamensis K.Larsen. in Xuân Sơn NP. Prof. Nguyễn Đình Công, the Director of Vietnam National Museum of Nature, ECOLOGY, DISTRIBUTION & and Prof. Lưu Đàm Cư, the Deputy Director for PRELIMINARY IUCN ASSESSMENT providing research facilities for second author. We So far known only from Xuân Sơn National much appreciate constructive comments for this Park where it grows around 250-500 m asl. on manuscript by the two reviewers, Dr Hidetoshi slopes and wet places. Extent of occurrence is less Nagamasu and Dr ierry Deroin, as well as help than 20 000 km2, the area of occupancy is less of the latter to translate the abstract into French. than 2000 km2 and is known from less than ten Our research has been funded by National Parks locations. According to the IUCN guidelines ver- Board, Singapore, the Czech Science Foundation, sion 3.1. (IUCN 2012), the species is suggested to GAČR (grant no. P506-14-13541S) and Ministry of be treated under the category Vulnerable – VU B1 Culture of the Czech Republic (DKRVO National + 2ab(ii,iii) ; C2a(i). Museum 2014/10, Prague).

Acknowledgements REFERENCES We thank curators of AAU, BK, BKF, HN, K, P, QBG, SAN, SING and VNM herbaria for letting HOLTTUM R. E. 1970. — e genus Orchidantha (Low- iaceae). e Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 25 : 239-247. us examine Lowiaceae specimens in their care, the IUCN 2012. — IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria : Asian Information Centre at the version 3.1. Second edition. Gland, Cambridge: IUCN. Singapore Botanic Gardens for providing proto- LARSEN K. 1993. — A new species of Orchidantha (Lowiace- logues and related references. Singapore Botanic ae) from Borneo. Nordic Journal of Botany 13 : 285-288. Gardens is also acknowledged for granting a fel- LEONG-ŠKORNIČKOVÁ J., ŠÍDA O., JAROLÍMOVÁ V., SABU M., FÉR T., TRÁVNÍEK P. & SUDA J. 2007. — Chromo- lowship to the second (2012) and third authors some numbers and genome size variation in Indian (2010) to work on Vietnam Zingiberaceae and species of Curcuma (Zingiberaceae). Annals of Botany Lowiaceae respectively. Mr. Aung ame (SING) (Oxford) 100 : 505-526.

242 ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2014 • 36 (2) New Orchidantha N.E.Br. from Vietnam

LEONG-ŠKORNIČKOVÁ J. 2014. — Orchidantha lengguanii American Journal of Botany 91 : 299-305. (Lowiaceae), a new species from Peninsular Malaysia, TAKHTAJAN A. 1986. — Floristic Regions of the World, and typification of O. maxillarioides. Gardens’ Bulletin trans. T. J. Crovello & A. Cronquist). University of Singapore 66 (1): 15-25. California Press, Berkeley, 522 p. NAGAMASU H. & SAKAI S. 1999. — Orchidantha inouei TILLICH H. -J. & AVERYANOV L. V. 2012. — Four new (Lowiaceae), a new species from Borneo. Nordic Jour- species of Aspidistra Ker-Gawl. (Asparagaceae) from nal of Botany 19 : 149-152. and Vietnam with a comment on A. longifolia PEDERSEN L. B. 2001. — Four new species of Orchi- Hook. f. and A. hainanensis W. Y. Chun & F. C. How. dantha (Lowiaceae) from Sabah. Nordic Journal of e Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 64 (1) : 201-209. Botany 21 : 121-128. TRN H. Ð. & LEONG-ŠKORNIKOVÁ J. 2010. — Orchi- PEDERSEN L. B. & JOHANSEN B. 2004. — Anatomy dantha stercorea sp. nov. (Lowiaceae) from Vietnam. of the unusual stigma in Orchidantha (Lowiaceae). Nordic Journal of Botany 28 : 299-303.

Submitted on 4 July 2013; accepted on 4 March 2014; published on 26 December 2014.

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