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PRRU Prozeßdatenverarbeitung Skriptum PRRU Prozeßdatenverarbeitung © 1996 by Mag. Dr. Klaus Coufal Mag. Dr. Klaus Coufal - prru3_g.doc - 17. Januar 1997 1 Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis .............................................................................................................................. 2 I Grundlagen für PRRU ...................................................................................................................... 6 1 PHYSIK....................................................................................................................................... 6 1.1 Einheiten und Symbole ......................................................................................................... 6 1.2 Ohm´sches Gesetz................................................................................................................ 8 1.3 Kirchhoff´sche Regel ............................................................................................................. 8 1.4 Verhältnisse bei mehreren Widerständen .............................................................................. 9 1.5 Quellen- und Klemmenspannung .......................................................................................... 9 1.6 Spannungs- und Strommessung inkl. Meßfehler...................................................................10 1.7 Spannungsteiler ...................................................................................................................10 1.8 Elektrische Leistung .............................................................................................................11 2 GEDV.........................................................................................................................................11 2.1 Logische Verknüpfungen und ihre Darstellung......................................................................11 2.2 Schaltalgebra .......................................................................................................................13 2.2.1 RS-Flip-Flop ..................................................................................................................14 2.2.2 RS-Flip-Flop mit NAND-Gatter.......................................................................................14 2.2.3 JK-Flip-Flop ...................................................................................................................15 2.2.4 JK-Flip-Flop mit NAND-Gatter .......................................................................................15 2.2.5 T-Flip-Flop (Toggle).......................................................................................................16 2.2.6 D-Flip-Flop (Delay, Data) ...............................................................................................16 2.2.7 Getaktete Flip-Flops ......................................................................................................16 2.2.8 Zähler ............................................................................................................................17 2.2.9 Schieberegister..............................................................................................................17 2.2.10 Realisierung.................................................................................................................17 2.3 Adreßdekoder ......................................................................................................................18 2.3.1 Einführung und Begriffe.................................................................................................18 2.3.2 Mögliche Arten (nach der Funktion unterschieden).........................................................19 2.3.3 Mögliche Arten (nach ihrer Realisierung unterschieden).................................................19 II PRRU-Theorie ...............................................................................................................................21 1 SCHNITTSTELLEN ....................................................................................................................21 1.1 Parallele Schnittstelle (Centronics) .......................................................................................21 1.1.1 Allgemeines...................................................................................................................21 1.1.2 Zur Verwendung der parallen Schnittstelle eines PC´s ...................................................21 a.) reservierte Bereiche im I/O-Adreßraum:.........................................................................21 b.) Basisadressen der PORT´S in der BIOS-Tabelle............................................................21 c.) Register einer parallen Schnittstelle: ..............................................................................21 d.) DB25-Stecker:................................................................................................................22 e.) Centronics-Stecker:........................................................................................................22 f.) Kommunikationsablauf:...................................................................................................22 g.) Signalrichtung: ...............................................................................................................22 1.2 Serielle Schnittstelle (RS-232C, V.24) ..................................................................................23 1.2.1 Allgemeines...................................................................................................................23 1.2.2 Zur Verwendung der seriellen Schnittstelle eines PC´s...................................................23 a.) reservierte Bereiche im I/O-Adreßraum:.........................................................................23 b.) Basisadressen der PORT´S in der BIOS-Tabelle............................................................23 c.) Konfiguration und Status der seriellen Schnittstelle (INT14): ..........................................23 d.) Abbildung eines DB-9- auf einen DB-25-Stecker (PC)....................................................24 1.2.3 DB25-Stecker ................................................................................................................24 1.2.4 Verwendete Spannungen ...............................................................................................25 1.2.5 Übertragungsbeispiel .....................................................................................................25 1.2.6 Kabel .............................................................................................................................26 1.2.7 Normen für andere serielle Schnittstellen.......................................................................26 1.3 ADC .....................................................................................................................................26 1.3.1 Allgemeines...................................................................................................................26 1.3.2 Die wesentlichen Fehler bei der Digitalisierung sind:......................................................27 a.) Der Digitalisierungsfehler (Quantisierungsfehler)............................................................27 b.) Integrale Nichtlinearität ..................................................................................................27 c.) Differentielle Nichtlinearität ............................................................................................27 d.) Rauschen.......................................................................................................................28 Mag. Dr. Klaus Coufal - prru3_g.doc - 17. Januar 1997 2 e.) Abtasttheorem................................................................................................................28 1.3.3 Blockschaltbild...............................................................................................................29 1.3.4 Kenndaten .....................................................................................................................29 a.) Anzahl und Art der Eingänge..........................................................................................29 b.) Spannungsbereich .........................................................................................................29 c.) Auflösung.......................................................................................................................29 d.) Wandlungsrate...............................................................................................................29 e.) Fehler ............................................................................................................................29 f.) Sonstiges (Umgebungsbedingungen, Stromverbrauch, ... ...............................................30 g.) Beispiel zu Spannungsbereich, Auflösung und Fehler ....................................................30 1.3.5 Formeln für die Umrechnung .........................................................................................30 1.3.6 Verfahren.......................................................................................................................30 a.) Zählverfahren ................................................................................................................30 b.) Sukzessive Approximation .............................................................................................31
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