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Minke's Struggle for Social Equality Potrayed In MINKE’S STRUGGLE FOR SOCIAL EQUALITY POTRAYED IN PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER’S “FOOTSTEP” A THESIS BY: DEPIKA SHAELA DAMANIK REG. NO. 100705011 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2015 i MINKE’S STRUGGLE FOR SOCIAL EQUALITY POTRAYED IN PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER’S “FOOTSTEP” A THESIS BY DEPIKA SHAELA DAMANIK REG. NO. 100705011 SUPERVISOR CO-SUPERVISOR Dr. Siti Norma Nasution,M.Hum. Drs. Siamir Marulafau M.Hum Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatra Utara Medan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from Department of English DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2015 i Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatra Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination. Head, Secretary, Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS. Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph.D. ii Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatra Utara,Medan. The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatra Utara on Thursday April 16, 2015 Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatra Utara Dr.H.Syahron Lubis, MA NIP.19511013 197603 1 001 Board of Examiners Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS. …………………………….. Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph.D. …………………………….. Dr. Siti Norma Nasution, M.Hum. …………………………….. Drs. Parlindungan Purba, M.Hum …………………………….. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENT Assalamualaikum Warrahmatullahi Wabarakatuh First of all I would like to give my biggest gratitude to Almighty Allah Subhanahu wa Ta’ala for blessing and endownments in my life, especially during the process of finishing this thesis. Nothing is impossible to happen without his permission. I am also grateful to the Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatra Utara, Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA, for giving all students facilities to support their study. The gratitude is also expressed to the Head of English Department Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S and the Secretary of English Department Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph.D. for the easiness and the facilities given to me during my study. I am proud to be a student of this Department. I also would like to express my gratitude and appreciation to Dr. Siti Norma Nasution, M.Hum. and Drs. Siamir Marulafau M.Hum as my supervisor and my Co- Supervisor respectively. I am thankful for helps, guidance, and contributions in my thesis. My lovely thanks are due to my beloved family, Giman Damanik. SH and Dra. Aisah for giving me the good times and hard times too, so I can stand here as myself today. Next, I would like to thank to my beloved brother and sister . Gani Abdullah Damanik and Zakiya Shafira Damanik. Big thanks to those friends who has been giving me the helps, joy, laughter and many other things, Syahfitri, Mentari, Siti Nurhafizah, Fatih Amalia, Dedek i Rasmin, Tengku Putri, Puput Julianti, Rahmat Rivai, and Arafat Syam. Thank you for sticking with me for all these years. Hope our friendship can last for many more years. Next, thank you for every person whom I cannot mention one by one in this limited space, who has given and contributed their ideas and excellent knowledge, before, during and after writing on this thesis. May Allah SWT compensate whatever you have given to me. Medan, April2015 Depika Shaela Damanik ii AUTHOR’S DECLARATION I, DEPIKA SHAELA DAMANIK DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION. Signed : Date : 28 April 2015 iii COPYRIGHT DECLARATION NAME : DEPIKA SHAELA DAMANIK TITLE OF THESIS : MINKE’S STRUGGLE FOR SOCIAL EQUALITY POTRAYED IN PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER’S “FOOTSTEPS” QUALIFICATION : S-1/SARJANA SASTRA DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR REPRODUCTION AT THE DISRECTION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF SUMATRA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA. Signed : Date : 28 April 2015 iv ABSTRACT The title of this thesis is Minke’s Struggle for Social Equality Potrayed in Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s “Footstep”. This topic is very interesting because social equality in literature is a reflection of a social life in a certain era. Besides, this novel is written by Indonesian author, Pramoedya Ananta Toer and tells story of his homeland and its people in Dutch Colonial Reign. Pramoedya has won many awards such as PEN/Barbara Goldsmith Freedom to Write Award, Ramon Magsaysay Award for Journalism, and is frequently discussed as Indonesia's and Southeast Asia's best candidate for a Nobel Prize in Literature. The aims of this research are to find out the struggle for social equality in this novel, toward whom the criticisms are directed, the reason why this novel was banned and the author idealism that reflected in the main character. Basically, most of Pramoedya’s works contains of social criticisms and his idealism. This thesis uses a qualitative descriptive method, because it analyzes social equality of the main character that reflected the author idealism in a written words or verbal expressions from the characters and behaviors. The writer also uses the primary data, which is the novel Footsteps and takes secondary data such as references from the author biography, theories books, and internet. Pramoedya’s idealism of equality that reflected in the main character. In brief, the writer wishes that Minke’s struggle for social equality would provide some knowledge for all readers. v TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENS ................................................................................ i AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ...................................................................... iii COPYRIGHT DECLARATION .................................................................. iv ABSTRACT ......................................................................................... v TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................... vi CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of The Study .............................................. 1 1.2 Problems of The Study ................................................... 4 1.3 Objective of The Study ................................................... 4 1.4 Scope of The Study ........................................................ 5 1.5 Significance of The Study ................................................ 5 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1 Literature of Sociology ................................................... 6 2.2 Historical background of Prmoedya Ananta Toer’s........ 7 2.3 The Aspect of Social Class ............................................ 10 a. The Lower Class ......................................................... 10 b. The Working Class ..................................................... 11 c. The Middle Class ....................................................... 13 d. The Upper Class ........................................................ 14 2.4 The Social Problem ....................................................... 15 2.5 The Colonialism ............................................................. 16 2.6 The Novel ....................................................................... 19 Historical novel ...................................................................... 20 vi Connection to nationalism ............................................. 21 CHAPTER III : METHOD OF RESEARCH 3.1 Research Design ............................................................. 23 3.2 Data Collection ............................................................... 24 3.3 Data Analysis ................................................................. 25 CHAPTER IV : ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS 4.1 ANALYSIS 4.1.1 Historical Background of The Novel “Footstep”......... 26 4.1.2 Characters of the Novel ............................................... 29 4.1.3 Minke’s Struggle ......................................................... 30 4.1.4 Minke’s Strategies ....................................................... 34 4.2 FINDING ....................................................................... 40 CHAPTER V : CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1 Conclusion ..................................................................... 41 5.2 Suggestion ...................................................................... 42 REFERENCES ................................................................................... 43 APPENDICES vii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of The Study Pramoedya wrote four novels were serialized, the four novels are; This Earth of Mankind, Child of All Nations, Footsteps and House of Glass. But in this thesis I will talk about the novel Footsteps. if we look back to the history of Indonesia , it remains a terrible memory. It is about the discrimination on 1940 in Batavia. Then Pramoedya Ananta Toer criticize their lives by novel. In reading the novel, the writer found that those novel
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