Central Questions Patterns of Evolution • What are gradualism and punctuated equilibrium? Compare and contrast Extinction them. • What are adaptive radiation and Speed and Path of Evolution convergent evolution? Compare and Adaptive Radiation contrast them. Convergent Evolution • Give a possible example of coevolution not explained in class. Coevolution • What is speciation and how does it Speciation usually happen?

Extinction Speed and Path of • Extinction generally means the species no Evolution longer has living members, but an exact definition is kind of tricky • Gradualism- evolutionary • 99% of all species that have lived on this change is slow and gradual planet are now extinct! • Species go extinct for a variety of reasons. • Punctuated Equilibrium- long • Mass extinctions have happened many periods of stability interrupted times in Earth’s history, resulting in large by brief periods of major changes in numbers and types of species. change

Adaptive Radiation Convergent Evolution • A single original species • Different, unrelated species evolves into many forms that evolve to live similar lives. live in different ways. These plants aren’t • AKA related but Divergent both have similar Evolution structure because it works well.

1 Coevolution Speciation • Evolution of different species • Speciation is the development of are connected based on their new species ecological interactions • Usually starts when groups from • Evolution of flowers and their same species are separated pollinators are good examples –Separated groups cannot interbreed –Lack of interbreeding results in new species forming Why?

Isolating Mechanisms Population Genetics • Behavioral Isolation- population is • An alternate definition of evolution separated because of what they is “change in the frequency of do alleles in a population”. What • Geographic Isolation- separated does that mean? by where they live (new obstacle • As the relative amounts of each may cause this) allele changes, that means the • Temporal Isolation- separated by population’s genetics are when they are active and breed changing.

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Central Questions • The Hardy-Weinberg Equation is a • What are gradualism and punctuated equilibrium? Compare and contrast way to determine the relative them. frequency of the alleles in a • What are adaptive radiation and population. convergent evolution? Compare and contrast them. • The equation remains an • Give a possible example of coevolution equilibrium when no evolution is not explained in class. taking place: no new mutations, no • What is speciation and how does it changes in environment, etc usually happen?

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