1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 5059 lution with reference to an American National Astrological the President had approved· and signed the following acts Council; to the Committee on the Judiciary. and joint resolution: 7716. Also, petition of A. A. of S. E. R. and M. C. E. of A., S. 2505. An act to amend an act to provide for the fif­ Gary, Ind., petitioning consideration of their resolution with teenth and subsequent decennial censuses and to provide for reference to Senate bill 591, United States Housing Authority apportionment of Representatives in Congress, approved program; to the Committee on Banking and Currency. June 18, 1929, so as to change the date of subsequent 7717. Also, petition of Carpenters Local No. 985, Gary, Ind., apportionments; petitioning consideration of their resolution with reference to S. 2599. An act to amend the Naval Reserve Act of 1938 Senate bill 591, United States Housing Authority program; (Public, No. 732, 52 Stat. 1175) ; to the Committee on Banking and Currency. S. 3528. An act authorizing the adoption for the Foreign 7718. Also, petition of the Daughters of the American Revo­ Service of an accounting procedure in the matter of disburse­ lution, Washington, D. C., petitioning consideration of their ment of funds appropriated for the Department of State; and resolution with reference to the strengthening of the armed S. J. Res. 218. Joint resolution to provide for the quartering, forces and fortifications of the United States; to the Com­ in certain public buildings in the District of Columbia, of mittee on Military Affairs. troops participating in the inaugural ceremonies. 7719. Also, petition of Local No. 274, Building and Com­ CALL OF THE ROLL mon Laborers, Lafayette, Ind., petitioning consideration of Mr. MINTON. I suggest the absence of a quorum. their resolution with reference to Senate bill 591, United The VICE PRESIDENT. The clerk will call the roll. States Housing Authority program; to the Committee on The Chief Clerk called the roll, and the following Sen­ Banking and Currency. ators answered to their names: 7720. Also, petition of the Glass Bottle Blowers Association, Ada~ Danaher Lodge Sheppard No. 133, Indianapolis, Ind., petitioning consideration of their Ashurst Davis Lucas Shipsteaa resolution with reference to Senate bill 591, United States Austin Donahey Lundeen Slattery Housing Authority program; to the Committee on Banking Bailey Downey McKellar Smathers Bankhead Ellender McNary Smith and Currency. Barbour Frazier Maloney Stewart 7721. Also, petition of Adam Dombrowski, Pittsburgh, Pa., Barkley George Mead Taft Bilbo Gerry Miller Thomas, Idaho petitioning consideration of his resolution with reference to Bone Gillette Minton Thomas, Okla. antialien bills; to the Committee on Immigration and Nat­ Bridges Glass Murray . Thomas, Utah uralization. Brown Guffey Neely Townsend Bulow Gurney Norris Truman 7722. Also, petition of Isaac Brasser, of East Williamson, Burke Hale Nye Tydings N. Y., petitioning consideration of his resolution with refer­ Byrd Hatch O'Mahoney Vandenberg ence to general welfare bills for national relief; to the Com­ Byrnes Hayden Overton VanNuys Capper Herring Pittman Wagner mittee on Ways and Means. Caraway Hughes Reed Walsh Chandler Johnson, Cali!. Reynolds Wheeler Clark, Idaho Johnson, Colo. Russell White Clark, Mo. King Schwartz Wiley SENATE Connally La Follette Schwellenbach FRIDAY, APRIL 26, 1940 Mr. MINTON. I announce that the Senator from Florida [Mr. ANDREWS], the Senator from New Mexico [Mr. CHAVEZ], (Legislative day of Wednesday, April 24, 1940) the Senator from Alabama [Mr. Hn.L], the Senator from . The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian, on the expiration West Virginia [Mr. HoLT], the Senator from Oklahoma [Mr. of the recess. LEE], the Senator from Nevada [Mr. McCARRAN], the Senator The Chaplain, Rev. Z~Barney T. Phillips, D. D., offered the from Florida [Mr. PEPPER], and the Senator from Maryland following prayer: [Mr. RADCLIFFE] are detained from the Senate on public business. We thank Thee, 0 Father, for this beauteous world in which Thou hast placed us, and since it is Thy creation and The Senator from Rhode Island [Mr. GREEN] and the Sena­ we ourselves are part of it, may we humbly learn its laws and tor from Mississippi [Mr. HARRISON] are unavoidably detained. trust its mighty powers. In our high and noble calling, help Mr. AUSTIN. I announce that the Senator from Vermont us, like all true men, to relate our vocation to the God in (Mr. GIBSON], the Senator from Oregon [Mr. HOLMAN], and whom we believe and to the higher life of the people whom the Senator from New Hampshire [Mr. ToBEY] are neces­ we serve, knowing that our supremest end is activity in the sarily absent. path of highest excellence, which carries the mind upward so The VICE PRESIDENT. Eighty-three Senators have an­ that in rare moments it -ean share the beatitude of the Eternal swered to their names. A quorum is present. Mind. Make us worthier of that better, higher world opened RETIRED PAY OF CERTAIN ARMY OFFICERs-VETO MESSAGE (S. DOC. for us in the Saviour's broken heart. NO. 189) We thank Thee for the universe of love and purity in Him, The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate the follow­ for the grace of His forgiveness, and the renewing crimson ing message from the President of the United States, which flood of His great sacrifice. May we never shrink from the was read, and, with the accompanying bill, referred to the searching and surpassing glory of this world revealed in Committee on Military Affairs and ordered to be printed: Christ, and when for us it shall fade away may we not fear to commit ourselves in perfect trust to that other world which To the Senate: shall be our everlasting home in the Father's house of heav­ I return herewith, without my approval, S. 1918, a bill enly mansions where we shall see Him face to face and where "relating to the retired pay of certain retired Army officers." we shall know even as we ourselves are known. Amen. Under the War Department Appropriation Act for 1923, officers retired under the provisions of that act having more THE JOURNAL than 10 and less than 20 years' commissioned service were On request of Mr. BARKLEY, and by unanimous consent, authorized pay at the rate of 2% percent of their active pay the reading of the Journal of the proceedings of the calendar at time of retirement multiplied by the number of years of day of Thursday, April 25, 1940, was dispensed with, and the such service, and the officers retired with more than 20 years' Journal was approved. commissioned service were authorized pay at the rate of MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT-APPROVAL OF BILLS AND JOINT 3 percent of their active pay multiplied by the complete years RESOLUTION of such commissioned service. Messages in writing from the President of the United This bill would allow certain officers who have performed States were communicated to the Senate by Mr. Latta, one active duty since retirement under that act to credit such of his secretaries, who also announced that on April 25, 1940, service to increase the multiple of years of commissioned 5060 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE APRIL 26 service in the computation of their retired pay. These offi­ applicable to officers of the Navy and Marine Corps included cers under the present law are credited with such service within the provisions of the enrolled enactment that would for increase of longevity and period pay purposes, as are all follow the form and secure the same benefits to these ofiicers other retired officers who have performed active duty since as is provided by the act of May 13, 1938, for Army ofiicers so retirement, but such service is not credited to increase the situated; that is, place the ofiicers in the same situation they multiple of years of commissioned service or the percentage would have been in had they been assigned quarters under of active-duty pay to be paid as retired pay, which was defi­ the jurisdiction of the Navy Department. nitely fixed by the law under which they were retired. FRANKLIN D. RoosEVELT. The War Department in reporting upon this measure is of THE WmTE HOUSE, April 25, 1940. the opinion that the provisions of the War Department Appropriation Act for the fiscal year 1923, pertaining to pay REPORT OF ALASKAN INTERNATIONAL HIGHWAY COMMISSION for those retired under the act, are based upon sound prin­ The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate the following ciples and are as liberal to the interest of the individual message from the President of the United States, which was as is consistent with due regard to the best interest of the read, and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations: Government. In view of the foregoing, I do not feel justified in giving To the Congress of the United States: this bill my approval. In accordance with the provisions of the act of Congress "to create a Commission to be known as the Alaskan Interna­ FRANKLIN D. RoOSEVELT. tional Highway Commission," approved May 31, 1938, I trans­ THE WHITE HOUSE, April 25, 1940. mit herewith for the information of the Congress the report ALLOWANCES TO CERTAIN NAVAL OFFICERS IN THE CANAL ZONE­ of the Commission. VETO MESSAGE (S. DOC. NO. 190) FRANKLIN D. RoOSEVELT. The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate the following THE WHITE HOUSE, April 25, 1940. message from the President of the United States, which was [Note: Report accompanied similar message to the House read, and, with the accompanying bill, referred to the Com­ of Representatives.] mittee on Naval Affairs and ordered to be printed: SUPPLEMENTAL ESTIMATE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (S. DOC. To the Senate: NO.· 188) I return herewith, without my approval, S. 2348, an act The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a communi­ relating to allowances to certain naval officers stationed in cation from the President of the United States, transmitting the Canal Zone for rental of quarters. The purpose of the supplemental estimates of appropriations for the Department enactment is to authorize payments of rental allowance to of the Interior, fiscal year 1941, in the amount of $12,410,500, officers of the Navy and Marine Corps who occupied quarters which, with the accompanying paper, was referred to the belonging to the Government and under the jurisdiction of Committee on Appropriations and ordered to be printed. the Panama Canal or the Panama Railroad Co. during the ESTATES OF INDIANS DYING INTESTATE WITHOUT HEIRS fiscal years 1935 and 1936 for which they paid rental, the The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a letter from law in effect during these years providing that the rental the Secretary of the Interior, transmitting a draft of pro­ allowance paid such officers should not exceed the rental rate posed legislation to provide for the disposition of trust or re­ charged for such quarters on March 5, 1934. Certain items stricted estates of Indians dying intestate without heirs, which, • of cost to the ofiicers in connection with the rented quarters with the accompanying paper, was referred to the Committee were by interpretation excluded from the term "rental rate" on Indian Affairs. and the ofiicer was thus not reimbursed all of his costs for PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS quarters. Section 3 of the act of May 13, 1938, Private, No. 510, 52 Statute 1307, applicable to ofiicers of the Army so situ­ The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate telegrams in ated authorized the refund of any collections for such excess the nature of petitions from Colonel Crawford Camp, No. 105, payments, or payment of such excess costs to the ofiicer, and United Spanish War Veterans, by Jessie Murphy, adjutant, of Connellsville, Pa., and the 'l'hirteenth Minnesota United S. 2348 is represented as placing ofiicers of the Navy and Marine Corps so situated on the same basis as were ofiicers of States Volunteers, by F. W. Pederson and George M. Landon, the Army by the act of May 13, 1938. The bill, however, pro­ of St. Paul, Minn., praying for the enactment of the bill vides that notwithstanding any other provision of law relat­ (H. R. 289) for the relief of ofiicers and soldiers of the vol­ ing to rental allowances ofiicers of the N"avy and Marine Corps unteer service of the United States mustered into service for so situated shall receive the full amount of the rental allow­ the War with Spain and who were held in service in the ance of their grade and period pay authorized by law (37 Philippine Islands after the ratification of the treaty of peace U. s. C. 10). This provision would give them the maximum April 11, 1899, on reconsideration, the objections of the Pres­ amount authorized by the permanent law, woUld be greatly ident of the United States to the contrary notwithstanding, in excess of the payments made by them, and greatly in excess which were referred to the Committee on Claims. of the amount payable to an Army ofiicer in the same situation He also laid before the Senate a resolution of the District under the act of May 13, 1938. For example, it appears a of Columbia Chapter, National LaWYers Guild, protesting major of the Army was reimbursed $4.50 excess payment un­ against the enactment of the so-called Barden, Norton, and der section 3 of the act of May 13, 1938, while under this enact­ Ramspeck bills, proposing to amend the Fair Labor Stand­ ment a Navy or Marine Corps ofiicer of the equivalent grade ards Act of 1938, which was referred to the Committee on and length of service would receive $1,178.37. Furthermore, Education and Labor. this amount woUld include the 5-percent economy deduction He also laid before the Senate resolutions of the District in effect from July 1, 1934, to March 31, 1935, which would of Columbia Chapter, National Lawyers Guild, protesting not have been payable even though the provision for reduc­ against amendment of the National Labor Relations Act as tion of rental allowance under these circumstances had not recommended by the so-called Smith committee in House been in effect. bill 8813, and also the so-called Norton bill, being House bill There is also in section 2 of the enactment a disparity in 9195, which were referred to the Committee on Education and the amounts reimbursable among ofiicers of the Navy and Labor. · Marine Corps identically situated. REPORTS OF COMMITTEES I see no basis for providing so much more generously for Mr. MURRAY, from the Committee on Education and ofiicers of the Navy and Marine Corps than for officers of the Labor, to which was referred the bill (S. 3607) to authorize Army serving under identical conditions, and feel compelled, research by the Public Health Service relating to the cause, · therefore, to withhold my approval of the enrolled enactment. diagnosis, and treatment of dental diseases, reported it With­ I woUld not object, however, to the enactment of legislation out amendment and submitted a report (No. 1528) thereon. 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 5061 Mr. TOWNSEND, from the Committee on Claims, to which S. 3865. A bill to amend and clarify certain acts pertaining was referred the bill (S. 2883) for the relief of Daniel Steele, to the Coast Guard, and for other purposes; to the Committee reported it with an amendment and submitted a report (No. on Commerce. 1529) thereon. By Mr. THOMAS of Oklahoma: Mr. ELLENDER, from the Committee on Agriculture and S. 3866. A bill for the relief of George W. Coon; to the Forestry, to which was referred the joint resolution (S. J. Committee on Claims. Res. 225) relating to the conditions.for payment with respect By Mr. MEAD: to sugarcane harvested from certain plantings in the main­ S. 3867. A bill to establish a ratio within which banks may land cane-sugar area, reported it with an amendment and expand their deposit liabilities based upon their capital, sur­ submitted a report (No. 1530) thereon. plus, and undivided profits, and for other purposes; to the Mr. SHEPPARD, from the Committee on Military Affairs, Committee on Banking and Currency. to which were referred the following bills, reported them each By Mr. BURKE: with an amendment and submitted reports thereon: S. 3868. A bill for the relief of certain former disbursing S. 3653. A bill for the relief of Algy Fred Giles (Rept. No. officers for the Civil Works Administration and the Federal 1531); and Emergency Relief Administration; to the Committee on H. R. 7074. A bill to amend an act to authorize the Secre­ Claims. · tary of War and the Secretary of the Navy to make certain By Mr. HAYDEN: disposition of condemned ordnance, guns, projectiles, and S. 3869. A bill to authorize the participation of States in other condemned material in their respective Departments certain revenues from national parks, national monuments, Germany. and Communist Russia. Now, their leaders into the bastille. We had a dose of it back in 1920 what is the source and what is the purpose of this widespread in Attorney General Palmer's "red raids" of nearly 5,000 homes of labor leaders in a single night. The stage is set for a repeat per­ and incessant attack upon the F. B. I.? Whence come these formance. And J . Edgar Hoover, who was chief trigger-man for charges that the F. B. I. is an Ogpu or a Gestapo? If we Palmer, is set to play the lead again. will but study the source of the attack, I think we shall have On February 16, without legal warrants, the Government storm· Mr. troopers broke into 11 homes in Detroit in the middle of the the answer to the purpose. The purpose, President, is night, ransacking their belongings, terrorizing their families, and to destroy another American citadel of faith and decency. finally dragging 11 people through the streets as common crim­ Also, let us not forget that the first step in the demoraliza­ ~~ . tion of a nation is the undermining and discrediting of its And you know what their "crime" was? Aid to Spain. Using the flimsy excuse that they were looking for one of the law-enforcement agencies. Detroit "criminals," the G-men struck again, breaking into the The origin of the camp~.ign is quite clear. It was the New York office of the Friends of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade. arrest in Detroit, early this year, of 17 Communists who had Then, 2 weeks ago, the Worcester frame-up. The G-men had planted a "fink" in the Worcester Youth Council sometime ago. been indicted by a Federal grand jury on charges of solicit­ To ferret out "foreigners"? No! To wreck the rising progressive ing recruits to fight in the recent war in Spain. These cases youth movement in Worcester. were subsequently ordered dismissed· by Attorney General And how many more stool pigeons are planted in progressive Jackson, although, as I pointed out in my recent remarks organizations in order to spy on them and smash them? The F. B. I. announces it is combatting espionage and sagotage concerning the Department of Justice, cases of a like nature in industry. But have they turned up a single ca~;e of espionage are being pressed against members of the so-called Christian or sabotage? They have not. They are not interested in that. Front in New York. Naturally, I hold no brief whatever for Their self-confessed aim of planting informers, stool pigeons, and labor spies in over 500 industrial plants in this country is aimed the Christian Front; but I. cannot understand why the at you-at your union-at labor. It's a program for spy hunting. charges against one ideological group are dismissed, while And while the G-men wield the club and gun in the North, the those against the other are pressed. Ku Klux Klan rides again in the Southland. Notwithstanding that these Detroit Communists have been But the G-men refuse to stop this mob violence, vigilantism, and lynching. . freed, the radical forces, the false liberals, and the "pinks" They refuse-just as they refuse to prosecute any un-American throughout the cotmtry are up in arms against Mr. Hoover activity. That isn't their job. Their job is to push America into and the F. B. I. Around ·washington my colleagues know as the war-and the more b. utally the better. This is an attack upon you-upon your organization-upon your well as I there are rumors that prominent new dealers are liberties. Be vigilant. Watch for this un-American, antilabor using ~orne of these radical elements to "get" J. Edgar Hoover. activity. Expose it wherever you find it. 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 5063 Detroit slowed up the work of this American Gestapo. The Attorney General Jackson has just issued an order that there must American people, with labor leading the way, can stop it, once and not be any eavesdropping on the telephone lines. for all. But actually the amount of wire tapping practiced by G-roen Your peace and your life are at stake. was relatively insigniftcant and was confined to kidnaping and cer­ tain types of criminal action wholly disconnected from any political Mr. BRIDGES. Mr. President, the indisputable evidence or social questions. is that the F. B. I. did not effect these arrests. The arrests Digging into the facts of such a tangled piece of intrigue, one finds several forces in America anxious to break down the highly were made by the United States marshal. I hold in my hand efficient staff of the F. B. I. One is the underworld, which would an article by the International News Service, published in the be happy, indeed, to see J. Edgar Hoover out of the picture. An­ Washington Times-Herald on March 16, which not only other is the group of agents of foreign governments who are en­ makes this clear but throws further light upon the coddling gaged in espionage right now because of the large amount of war treatment which the Department of Justice has given these contracts placed here by the allies. so-called citizens. I ask that this article be inserted in the EFFECTIVE INQUffiY INTO COMMUNISM The attack on J. Edgar Hoover, who has for many years been a RECORD as part of my remarks. career man in the Government service without any political affilia­ The PRESIDENT pro tempore. .Without objection, it is tions, comes at a time when communistic activity is being investi­ so ordered. gated a little· more effectively than ever before. Thus the arrest of certain persons in Detroit for securing enlistments for the Span­ The article is as follows: ish Loyalists has been made the occasion of a general barrage from HOOVER MADE "GOAT" IN QUIZ OF LoYALISTs--PROSECUTOR DENIES "left wing" quarters in America. The facts show that whatever F. B. I. CHIEF ORDERED PROBE was done in Detroit was at the instance of Frank Murphy when he DETROIT, March 16.-Back of the Spanish Loyalist investigation . was attorney general, and that alleged raiding at an early hour in 1n Det roit, which has been made a part of the Communist-inspired the morning and other incidents complained of were done by the campaign to smear J. Edgar Hoover, Chief of the F. B. I., is a story local United States attorney and United States marshal, who have of switched orders and misrepresentation with Hoover's Department accepted full responsibility. as the apparent "goat." But the effort to besmirch the F. B. I. has not been confined to That story came today from United States District Attorney John alien forces. Some of it has arisen in the Senate itself where, C. Lehr and United States Marshal John L. Bare. It disproves the though confessing that he had no facts, a denunciation of the loose gossip that Hoover- F. B. I. was made by Senator Norris of Nebraska. ~. Instigated the investigation; For several years there has been a feud between the various detec­ 2. Chained the prisoners taken as a result of the recruiting tive agencies of the Government. Sometimes it has been good­ probe; or natured rivalry and sometimes it i.S interdepartmental jealousy and 3. Made any special issue of the case. sometimes there has been bad feeling due to the prominence of one bureau as against another. But apart from this sort of skirmishing RELEASE PROTESTED between the detective agenci€s, which most everybody who is Bare said sentiment was against dropping the cases, as they later familiar with Washington affairs has noted off and on during both were on orders from Attorney General Robert H. Jackson. Republican an.d Democratic administrations, there has been much "The better element of Detroit--the patriots and patriotic socie­ discussion about the F. B. I. from the standpoint of its use for ties-protested the release of these people,'' he asserted. political purposes. Lehr told International News Service that the recruiting of men USE OF SECRET· SERVICE CHARGED for the Loyalist forces came to his attention in 1938. He informed Assistant United States Attorney General Brien MacMahon, in Back in the administration of Pr€sident Theodore Roosevelt, the Washington, on May 12 of that year. Secret Service was allegedly used by the President to watch members of Congress, and the law specifically was amended to limit the INQUIRY ORDERED activities of the agents of the Treasury Department. A few weeks later Assistant United States Attorney John Rogge Many persons outside of Washington claim their wires have been asked Lehr who told him to start the investigation. He replied, tapped and that the administration tries to apply Ogpu or Gestapo "MacMahon," and was told by Rogge to drop the probe. Later methods. But there is not the slightest foundation for such Rogge reversed the order. reports. The most persuasive reason for saying so is that J. Edgar In December 1939 Rogge ordered Lehr to put his information Hoover is the type of public official whose character and integrity before a Federal grand jury. On February 3 indictments were would prevent misuse of the F. B. I. He has had the respect of handed down. every Attorney General under whom he has worked and he is known Lehr asked bonds of $20,000 in six cases and $10,000 in four cases. to have the confidence of President Roosevelt. But this seemingly He believed that if freed on a lower bond, the defendants would does not prevent some of the "left wingers" hereabouts from seeking leave the jurisdiction of the court. to undermine the F. B. I. and its able chief, and it is quite possible TWO-THOUSAND-FIVE:...HUNDRED-DOLLAR BOND FOR GffiL that Mr. Roosevelt does not know what is often being said and done in his behalf by the little group of "liberals" who seek to carry out Bond in the case of the single girl arrested was set at $2,500, their own purposes in government. . and the same bonds were set for two doctors. If the "left wing" should get control of the F. B. I. and use it According to Marshal Bare, after arraignment, the prisoners be­ for its own purposes, there would be justification for a decided came his charges, and the F. B. I. had nothing further to do with change in the confidence which the public now has in the F. B. I. them. If politics or political chicanery is permitted to enter the one bureau Following his usual custom, the prisoners were handcuffed to a which heretofore has been kept absolutely free from such cancers, chain and taken to a cell block, where the handcuffs were removed. the public would lose J. Edgar Hoover, for he is not the type of The girl was not handcu.ffed at an y time, according to Bare. official to remain a moment in the service if either a Gestapo or There are only four deputy marshals in the Detroit court, and it an Ogpu is simulated by those who seek nowadays to control gov­ is common practice to handcuff prisoners to a chain when their ernmental bureaus for allegedly sociological reasons. The carefully number exceeds that of the marshal's staff. direct€-d attack on the F. B. I. warrants watching and if there is Lehr and Bare were of the opinion that the cases should have to be an investigation by Congress, it would be interesting to have been prosecuted and that if they had been prosecuted there would the inquiry broad enough to include the recent activities of all have been no subsequent uproar about the handling of the the enemies the F. B. I. has made by its vigilant enforcement of prisoners. Federal statutes or by investigations ordered specifically by the men Mr. BRIDGES. David Lawrence discusses the matter in who have served as Attorney General. It may be, of course, that it is a mere coincidence that some of his syndicated article which appeared in the Evening Star of the influences with a grudge against the F. B. I. are engaging in a March 19. He calls the attack on Mr. Hoover a "tangled smear campaign against the Bureau and its Chief, but Congress piece of intrigue." I ask that this article be inserted in the might find it interesting to go into it anyway. REcoRD as part of my remarks. Mr. BRIDGES. I have in my hand an attack by the west The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Without objection, it is so coast radical whom Mme. Perkins refuses to deport, Harry ordered. Bridges. He delivered his attack at Harvard University, and The article is as follows: it is duly reported in the Communist organ, the Daily Worker "LEFT WING" ATTACK SEEN oN F . B. I.--OBSERVER DEFENDs BUREAU's of February 29. I ask that this article be inserted in the RECORD UNDER HOOVER RECORD as part of my remarks. (By David Lawrence) The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Without objection, it is so Every now and then a smoke screen is drawn across the face of ordered. a controversy hereabouts which makes it seem one thing on the surface when quite another set of influences is at work under cover The article is as follows: of an attack. BRIDGES RAPS F. B. I. IN HARVARD TALK-TELLS STUDENT UNION BUREAU Such a situation envelops the recurring bombardment that is IS GUILTY OF "CORRUPT PRACTICES"-RIDICULES BELIEF THAT WE being visited on the Federal Bureau of Investigation, commonly POSSESS A FREE PRESS known as the F. B. I., and headed by J. Edgar Hoover. Lately, for CAMBRIDGE, February 28.-Harry Bridges, west coast C. I. 0. leader, instance, there has been a hue and cry about wire tapping, and attacked the F. B. I. for its "corrupt practices" in an address here 5064 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE APRIL 26 before 600 members of the Harvard Student Union. In his first in its grip, and there is no doubt in my mind that they have public appearance since deportation proceedings against him were dropped by the Department of Labor, Bridges said that evidence pretty well directed it. of frequent violations of civil liberties had been presented to the I realize that my remarks will bring down upon my head F. B. I. by union leaders, but that no action had ever been taken the charge that I am witch hunting. But I venture to say, on these charges. Mr. President, that the Norwegian people today wish they Much of the evidence recently published concerning Willie Bioff, Hollywood A. F. of L. leader, had been giv€n ·the Bureau by union had more carefully scrutinized those who, as a result of men, Bridges declared, but no action was taken on them. Norway's democratic institutions, were allowed to filter in The F. B. I. was included in a group of "employers and Federal and establish themselves, and who, at a given signal, com­ and State agencies" concerning which evidence of corrupt practices mitted the overt acts which paralyzed the nation politically, has been disclosed at his own hearing on the deportation charges. "Belief that we have a free press is utterly ridiculous," Bridges while the aggressor from across the narrow sea appeared said in a section of his address concerning the press. "The radio," with his battleships and troop transports to storm yet he asserted, was "little better." · another citadel of democracy. Mr. BRIDGES. Mr. President, I could name several per­ Almost a.s often as once a week this administration sons who have wittingly or unwittingly permitted themselves: through some act or word seeks to concentrate our atten­ to be made vehicles of this smear campaign. There is no tion on the happenings in Europe, but at no time, Mr. need to do so, however. President, has it done anything to direct attention to what We have the amazing paradox, Mr. President, of subversive is happening right here at home. Instead, it has sought in in:fiuences which refer to the President as "a war-mad reac­ every way at its command to discourage those who have tionary" receiving encouragement in the administration over attempted to expose these happenings. which Mr. Roosevelt presides. I say this is true if there is Mr. President, the lesson which the world has learned as any basis whatever for the rumors we hear. a result of the recent happenings in Norway should be taken If it is true that members of the left-wing school in the to heart, especially by Americans, for here, just as the Nazis New Deal are trying to "get" Mr. Hoover, it makes no differ­ through secret infiltration into the lives of the Norwegians ence to me what their purpose is. They are playing the same were subsequently able to seize the country with amazing game as the subversive in:fiuences. You ask why I should rapidity, so have alien forces been steadily undermining our bring these rumors to the Senate :floor. I reply that they are own body politic for the past few years. Let us watch the being freely aired in the press; and, furthermore, there is not Trojan horse in this country. one of my colleagues who does not know that some new Mr. President, a very amazing story has been written by dealers have been engaged in intrigue ever since they have Mr. Leland Stowe, of the Chicago Daily News, relative to the been here. so-called Trojan-horse occurrence in Norway. It appeared But, leaving aside any intrigue on their part, it seems to in two articles in the Washington Evening Star, and I ask be an indisputable fact that these subversive influences are that the articles be reprinted as a part of my remarks. either intimidating the Department of Justice or finding it The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is there objection? willing to cooperate. One or the other is true. There being no objection, the articles were ordered to be Why were the Detroit cases dismissed? printed in the RECORD, as follows: Why have not countless other Communists been prosecuted [From the Washington Evening Star of April 15, 1940] for failing to register at the State Department as foreign NAVAL GuNS SPIKED, MINES DISCONNECTED, REPORTER DECLARES--VAST agents? PLOT LET GERMANS WALK IN WITHOUT RESISTANCE, HE SAYS (By Leland Stowe) Mr. President, I suppose Mr. Hoover has his failings just as STOCKHOLM, April 15.-For the first time the story behind Ger­ the rest of us mortals have. But here is a man who has many's paralyzing 12-hour conquest of vital Norwegian ports on instilled in the minds of millions of youngsters the desire to Tuesday, April 9, can be told. Between midnight and noon on the be O-men instead of Dillingers, and has given peace of mind bewildering day, Norway's capital, all her principal seaports, and her most strategic coastal defense fell into German hands like an to thousands of parents whose children are potential victims overripe plum. of kidnapers. Norwegian people were stunned as the Belgian people must have I, for one, do not intend to remain silent and permit the been stunned in 1914 and most of them still have not the slightest conception of how this incomprehensible tragedy could have hap­ desttuction of this man and the organization which he heads. pened. The attack upon ~im is bigger than one man or any group I spent these hours in Oslo, together with the only other American of men. newspapermen who were on the spot--Warren Irvin, of the Na­ tional Broadcasting Co., and Edmund Stevens, of the Christian In the past 12 years the F. B. I. has investigated 52,000 cases Science Monitor-and we ourselves could scarcely believe the evi­ from which convictions have resulted. In not a single one dence of our own eyes. of these cases was there a reversal by the court of appeals But I had to remain in Oslo through 4 days of German occupa­ on the grounds that civil liberties had been violated, on tion to learn how this miracle of lightning naval and military occu­ pation was made possible. Then I could scarcely believe my ears. charges of brutality, inhuman treatment, or third-degree After that, with the last train connections to Sweden severed Irvin tactics. and myself decided to try somehow to get across the border. it was Recently the Federal district attorneys of the whole Nation the only possible way to give a detailed account of the most aston­ ishing thing that has happened since the second World War began. commended the F. B. I. for its preservation of constitutional PORTS SEIZED BY GIGANTIC CONSPIRACY rights and civil liberties. Since 1932 the F. B. I. has success­ Norway's capital and great seaports were not captured by armed fully solved 177 of 179 kidnaping cases. force. They were seized with unparalleled speed by means of a The Nazis landed in Norway through disguise, by posing gigantic conspiracy which must undoubtedly rank among the most audacious, most perfectly oiled political plots of the past century. as friends, by playing bands and singing. They held out­ By bribery and extraqrdinary infiltration on the part of Nazi stretched :flowers and concealed daggers. They abused the agents and by treason on the part of a few highly placed Norwegian tolerance of a friendly people. civilian and defense officials, the German dictatorship built a Trojan horse inside of Norway. Then, when t}!.e hour struck the German Mr. President, is it not apparent to us all that influences just plotters spiked the guns of most of the Norwegian Navy and reduced as bestial and deceitful, just as dishonest, are abusing our its formidable fortresses to impotence. hospitality and our tolerance? Are they not posing as hu­ Absolute control of only a handful of keymen in administrative manitarians and preying upon trusting minds? And when po~itions and the navy was necessary to turn the trick and every­ thing had been faultlessly prepared. The conspiracy was about 90 we pursue them they seek the shelter of the very freedom percent according to schedule. Only in two or three places was it and liberty of the institutions which they seek to destroy. marred by unexpected hitches, but Norway's sea gates were already As to one group of this country's subversive elements, there wide open. is not the slightest doubt that in their steady attack on our For the success of the German plan the capture of three key cities was essential, these being Oslo, Bergen, and Narvik. It is known that institutions, on our very way of living., they have had the Narvik was betrayed to the Germans by its commanding officer. active support, indeed, the encouragement and the coddling, How Bergen's harbor defenses were taken remains a mystery, as far of those who choose to call themselves the New Deal. Cer­ as I can learn. But most important of all to the Nazi plot was the immediate_domination of Oslo Fjord with its mighty fortresses and tain of these subversive elements have been fitted right into the forcing of its virtually impregnable narrows at Drobak, together the so-called liberal movement which has had our country with the seizure of the great Norwegian naval base at Horten. 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 5065 Only in this manner could the Germans penetrate to Oslo and "Later tlie Germans got about 100 men ashore," he related. deliver an almost irreparable blow to Norway's parliamentary gov­ "There was some fighting. We had 4 men killed; the Germans, 2. ernmen t. To seize an of Oslo Fjord and force its n arrows would But there was nothing we could do. The officers" on our ships ran have appeared impossible to any foreign government except the Nazi up white flags. We didn't know why, and I 'Still don't know why. dictatorship, but, by methods even more astonishingly efficient than We thought they had orders from the government/' those which it used against Aust ria and Czechoslovakia, the incon­ In this fashion Norway's capital was betrayed from within and the ceivable was accomplished. Until now. I believe. the outside world German occupation of Oslo assured before its Government knew has had to guess how it was done. · what had happened or Parliament had courageously refused to GERMANS SAILED NIGHT OF APRIL oi capitulate. To understand the conspiracy's scope one must go back some­ Before the Germans' capture of Harten the Oslo Government had where near the climax of the plot. In Oslo I learned, on the most already ordered mobilization as a precaution. Accordingly, before reliable authority, that Germany's sea forces and troopships sailed daybreak on April 9 scores of young Norwegians reported at the from German ports for their Norwegian adventure during the night Harten railroad station. They were immediately surrounded by the of Thursday, April 4-3 full days before the British mined the upper German marines landing party and placed aboard ot her German Norwegian coast between Bergen and Narvik. I also was informed ships which came up. with impressive a..«surance that the German Army chiefs strongly When German warships approached the formidable Oskarsborg opposed Fuehrer Adolf Hitler on the plan to invade Norway, because fortress, at the narrows above Harten, so it was stated there after­ they insisted that communication lines for an army of occupation ward, they radioed the fort's commander not to shoot. According in Norway would be most dangerously limited and exposed. Nazi to report, the Nazi said: "We've got your own men aboard." The radical leaders supported Der Fuehrer and the decision was taken fortress guns -r:emained silent and the German warships passed into against the Regular Army chiefs' counsels. Oslo's inner harbor. The occupation of Oslo was then inevitable. On Friday night, April 5, while the German Fleet and transports Meanwhile, we had spent an eerie night in Oslo's Grand Hotel already were streaming toward Norway, an event of enormous his­ with a succession of air alarms, the first of which sounded at torical importance occurred in Oslo, and until now has probably 12:35 o'clock in the morning, about the time mobilization was never been reported. The German legation held a soiree to which ordered. At first I could not believe my ears, as the sirens were it invited 200 persons representing Norway's influential personali­ so different from those in Helsinki. They sounded like motorcars ties. All the members of the Government were invited, as well as honking in a traffic jam. Later Stevens and I decided that the many otficers of the defense forces, leading bankers, shipping execu­ Norwegians were only air-alarming as a precaution. · So I refused tives, and industrialists. The invitation emphasi:red the importance to get up until 7 o'clock, when a Finnish diplomat informed me of the soiree by reading, "White ties, uniforms, and decorations." of the ultimatum and the Government's decision to leave. Despite the great formality imposed, it was no official dinner. PLANES DOVE OVER THE CITY Norway's elite had been invited to see an unusually interesting At 7 :45 o'clock, while we still had not the slightest idea what film. It proved to be the motion picture Baptism of Fire, depicting had happened in Oslo Fjord and at Harten, five Nazi bombers in the most graphic details Germany's aerial destruction tn Poland. suddenly came roaring over the. rooftops, so low they almost For more than an hour the distinguished Norwegian audience sat touched them. We watched them come, expecting bombs momen­ in icy silence, gripped by the horror of many of the scenes. After­ tarily. For 2¥z hours German planes dove over the city, always ward the German Minister explained that the film was not a war, only three or five in number. They were intended to terrorize the but a peace, film, since it showed what nations which elected peace populace into surrender and the authorities into inaction while would save their people from suffering. The Norwegians left the the first troops landed by air at Fornebo outside the city. German Legation that night filled with gloomy, ominous thoughts. Thousands of Osloans gazed curiously and fearfully, but no panic QUISLING RETURNED TO OSLO ON APRIL 6 occurred. None of us dreamed that German warships were in In Oslo I learned that Maj. Vidkun Quisling, leader of the pro­ the inner harbor and that Oslo was already doomed. We still Nazi Norwegian party, called the Camling, and now Premier of the thought that British ships and planes might come at any moment. so-called national government set up after the German occupa­ It seemed utterly incredible that· the narrows of Oslo Fjord could tion, was in Berlin at the time the film was shown in Oslo and have been forced by the Germans, and its powerful forts silenced. while the expedition was being organized. He returned to Oslo on The same madness of incomprehensible events continued all Saturday, April 6. On SUnday night the British sowed mine fields day long. First was mystification over the complete lack of de­ below Narvik. On Monday Berlin's press fiamed against this provo­ fense of the city by its naval forces and coastal forts. Then it cation. In the first hours of Tuesday, April 9, Norway's naval was the immunity of the low-flying Nazi planes to thousands of defenses were betrayed to the German fleet and the first German machine-gun bullets which pattered almost incessantly until after troops landed at Fornebo, Oslo's airport, a few hours after daybreak. 10 o'clock. Then it was the further fact that only one anti­ This brings us to the methods by which Oslo Fjord and Oslo iU;elf aircraft battery seemed to be firing against the German planes, were captured from the sea early in the morning hours of April 9. and tnis became silent after firing only a few shells, all of which The Germans could not enter without controlling the vital Norse were inexplicably wide of the mark. naval base at Harten. At 1:30 o'clock that morning-3¥z hours Finally, at 10: 30 o'clock, came an equally fantastic lull in which before Berlin's ultimatum was handed to Foreign Minister Dr. German planes only circled occasionally and absolutely nothing Halvdan Koht-the commander of three Norwegian warships at seemed to happen. Tens of thousands of persons, clustered in Harten received an urgent message. It was supposedly signed by the streets and on the sidewalks, looked and waited, utterly bafiled. Dr. Koht himself and accepted as coming direct from the Govern­ We all asked where were the British, but also where were the ment via the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. It ordered Norwegian Germans. ships not to fight against the German warships which were about BATTLE TO HAVE DISPATCH ACCEPTED to come up the fjord and to put all their men ashore immediately, Meanwhile, I had a great battle to get the telegraph office to without their arms. accept a dispatch without a special Government press card. Without questioning the origin of the order, the commander At 9 o'clock in the morning Stevens and myself could find no ordered all his men ashore· except stokers and messmen. responsible chief at his post in the telegraph building, only groups From here on a slight hitch which was costly for the Germans of perplexed employees standing in the corridors--those few who occurred. The Norse minelayer 0141 Trygvason had unexpectedly had reported for work. It was only through the personal inter­ put in for repairs the previous evening. Its presence apparently vention of Raymond Cox, first secretary, who remained in charge was unknown to the leaders of the conspiracy in Oslo. This was of the American Legation, that our first dispatches were finally the only Norwegian war vessel which did not receive the order accepted--and the only ones which were allowed to pass for more and so remained in condition to fight. Afterward the Norwegian than 24 hours. sailor who verified these developments declared, ..It was only through treason that the Germans got in." But Norway's capital in every quarter was the scene of dazed Meanwhile, an even greater coup had been scored by the plotters. disorganization, completely without leadership. Apparently even The narrows of Oslo Fjord were mined and controlled from Drobak. the men who had been called to the colors did not know where About 1:30 o'eloek In the morning of April 9 these mines were all to go or simply forgot about it. The streets were filled with men rendered harmless by being electrically disconnected from the of fighting age, all standing watching the German planes, waiting Drobak central. 'Ille mystery of who ordered this to be done re­ and speculating, but doing nothing and going nowhere. mained unsolved when I left Oslo, but this mov~ enabled the Ger­ It was like this until 2:30 o'.clock in the afternoon. Then, as man cruiser to penetrate the narrows before dawn. I rushed up to the hotel desk, a porter asked me, "Aren't you going At 4:30, still half an hour before the German Minister handed the out to see the Germans come in?" ultimatum to Dr. Koht, a German cruiser, believed to have been the "What do you mean, the Germans?" Emden, accompanied by two submarines, reached Harten. The three "Yes; they are marching up Carl Jorum Boulevard any minute Norse war vessels were completely helpless, but the little mine layer, now." Olaf Trygvason, blocked the entrance to the narrows. It immedi­ I called Irvin and Stevens and we rushed outside into the ately discharged torpedoes and sank the cruiser and the submarine. strangest conceivable scene. Oslo's beautiful main boulevard was It was reported, though I was unable to confirm this, that the Jammed with people, all flocking to see the Germans come in. crUiser Bluecher also was sunk by the narrows fort, called Oskars­ Strangest of all, Norwegian policemen were calmly forming lines borg. along the sidewalks and clearing the streets tor the Germans' GERMANS LANDED AND SEIZED HORTEN triumphal entry. One of the policemen told me that the Germans In any case, all other crews were ashore without arms at Horten, would be there within 10 minutes. and by daybreak the Germans landed marines and seized Harten. NONE OF DISPATCH WAS SENT The way through the narrows was open and Oslo defenseless from All this and what followed I told in a disp atch which was filed the sea. that afternoon--but the Germans had just t aken over the tele­ I talked to another Norwegian who was a member of the Horten graph building and I learned 2 days later that not a line of my dis­ naval b~ t hat night. He confirmed all the main details of the patch was ever sent. Meanwhile, we supposed that the world knew above events, including the fact that two German cruisers were sunk. most of the story. 5066 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE APRIL 26 We waited half an hour on the hotel balcony with an excellent rifles and machine guns, and asked questions about them. Many view all the way up the boulevard to its beginning, at the foot of young girls gazed admiringly at the men in field-gray uniforms. the hill on whicli the royal palace stands. Shortly before 3 o'clock Outside the telegraph building I encountered an open car with two trucks filled with a dozen German soldiers rolled up the street. half a dozen hardened German regulars who had a machine gun The soldiers lolled in them, with their guns dangling, as if they mounted for action. The crowd laughed and joked with the sol­ had been assured that they had not the slightest resistance to diers; one man, apparently half-intoxicated, shouted "Deutschland fear. From the rear of the second truck two machine guns poked uber Alles" several times. The soldiers laughed. The chief of the their noses meaningfully straight down the boulevard. Their machine-gun crew looked down upon his admirers with an inde­ operators lay prone with intent, hard faces, ready to fire. This was scribable smile. He stood up proudly like a member of a con­ the only show of force, and all that was needed. quering Roman legion who realized that he had the right to do so. At 3 _o'clock there was a murmur through the crowd. We could Such scenes, far from infrequent, had not ended when I left eee two mounted men swinging into the boulevard in front of the Oslo on Friday. By that time, however, many young Norwegians palace, then six more, then the head of a marching column in field had disappeared from the capital with packs on their backs. A gray. The mounted men were Norwegian policemen actually es­ great many more went after the Germans landed 20,000 troops on corting the German troops which were occupying the capital. We Oslo's quays on Thursday afternoon. This sight at last awakened looked uncomprehendingly. Later I was told that Norwegian po­ many men from the daze which they had been in. Many others, licemen never carry any kind of arms. This was also why they however, still remained in the capital on Friday--seemingly a failed to fulfill the Government's order to arrest Major Quisling. large part of the men. The German column marched steadily nearer through a lane of RECEIVED COURTEOUSLY AT NAZI LEGATION 20,000 or 30,000 Osloans, fully half of which were ~en of military age. A tall, broad-shouldered officer, Gen. Nikolaus von Falken­ On Wednesday evening, we discovered that the Quisling gov­ horst, and 2 other officers marched directly behind the mounted ernment had been formed in room 430 of the Continental Hotel. police. Then came the German regulars in columns of threes, as I went there about a matter which was said to require the new if to make the line look as long as possible. One out of nine car­ Premier's personal decision. Three Germans in civilian clothes, ried light machine guns; all toted compact aluminum kits and and one Norwegian, were in room 430. After waiting, I saw Major bulky shoulder packs. Quisling very briefly, but he turned for advice to a sharp-faced They were hard-muscled, stony-faced men. They marched with German who introduced himself as Reichsamtleiter Schoedt. The guns on their shoulders, with beautiful precision. Mostly, they Reichsamtleiter decided the matter while another German assisted stared straight ahead, but some could not restrain triumphant in giving further directions. From there, we were referred to the smiles toward the onlookers. Several times General von Falken­ German Legation, where we were received courteously. It ap­ horst and the other two officers returned Nazi salutes from persons peared that the German military censorship was not yet completely in the crowd who must have been German advance agents who had organized and nothing could be arranged about the transmission been busy in Oslo for weeks before the crowning moment. From of dispatches until the next day. our hotel balcony two Nazis gave the salute. I noticed in partic­ Nevertheless, we made another call at the telegraph building. ular the beaming face of a chic,. slim, blond German woman whose The public hall was deserted when we entered, after passing Ger­ husband had been very active in our hotel since we arrived on the man guards. Inside two German privates were standing. While previous Thursday. we wrote our cablegrams they began an exercise in mass psy­ chology. They marched 15 or 20 steps, slowly and calculatedly COLUMN COMPOSED OF TWO BA'ITALIONS pounding the heels of their boots down on the cement floor at It was a thin, unbelievably short column. It required only 6 or 7 every step. Each step echoed loudly and menacingly against the minutes to march past. It was composed of only 2 incomplete bat­ ceiling. After a few seconds' pause, the two soldiers pounded their talions-surely less than 1,500 men in all. Norway's capital of heels again. nearly 300,000 inhabitants was being occupied by a German force They continued this exercise as long as we were in the hall. of approximately 1,500 men. The echo of their hobnailed heels was amazingly eloquent. The last of the German troops_went by without a single jeer or This is how Norway's capital was captured without a bomb being hiss, without a single tear noticeable on any Norwegian face. Like dropped and without a shot being fired within several miles of the children, the people stared. Thousands of young men stood watch­ city. . ing this occupation parade. Not one hand or voice was raised. We I believe this to be the first story of. any completeness to reach could discern no sign of resentment upon any face about us. This the outside world. I also believe it to be the most important was the most incomprehensible thing among all the incompre­ newspaper dispatch I have ever had the occasion to write. It is hensible things of the fantastic 24 hours. my conviction, for the sake of history and also for the sake of the Somehow it seemed as if curiosity was the strongest sentiment ultimate restoration of security and freedom in all three Scandi­ in the throng of Osloans who watched the Germans come in. No navian countries, that it is crying to be told now. I am closing other emotion was betrayed in the countless faces we scanned it with the earnest hope that it will reach America and the outside anxiously. The only indignant people we met or saw that day world quickly. were foreigners. The Norwegians of Oslo seemed stunned beyond recovery. Everyone acted curiously like children suddenly given a [From the W~shington Evening Star of April 17, 1940] chance to see a parade of strange creatures out of prehistoric times-something which had no connection with real life. THREE THOUSAND GERMANS HELD OSLO 2 DAYS BY BLUFF AND Music-­ But within 2 hours real life was making itself felt in Oslo. The ROLLICKING TuNES LULLED NATIVES INTO FORGE'ITING RESISTANCE Germans had occupied the capital without dropping a bomb, with­ UNTIL Too LATE out firing a shot within the city limits. They simply had paraded (By Leland Stowe) in and taken it over much as Frenchmen or Italians might parade STOCKHOLM, April 17.-The Nazi regime conquered Oslo by ruse into a colonial interior village somewhere in Africa. Now they and treason, but less than 3,000 German troops held Norway's went to work. It was the urgent task of the tiny force of 1,500 capital for the first 48 hours by a gigantic bluff. Most of all, they men to seize key places in the nation's capital. They did it swiftly, kept the more than 250,000 Osloans, who remained in the capital, without any fear of interruption. mesmerized by music discreetly intermixed with cocky parades in When I hurried into the telegraph building I had hopes. There different sections of the city by 20, 50, or perhaps 100 soldiers at were still no German troops guarding the door. But immediately l a time. knew it was too late. The tip-off came when a woman employee, who But music and song were the chief weapons used to lull the had always addressed me in perfect English, spoke to me in German public into an illusion of normalcy. Thus, we witnessed the and tried to refuse my message on the grounds that I had no special extraordinary spectacle of a nation's capital being held securely telegraph card. But her chief had already accepted my dispatch at by impromptu soldiers' choruses, by one 12-piece military band 1 o'clock. Finally, she accepted it reluctantly, together with $64 and by 2 accordions. worth of Norwegian crowns which had to be paid in advance. Then The Germans, at least the Nazi leaders, have learned a lot more she told me in German that I must see Fraulein Hauge tomorrow about psychology than they are given credit for. This is why the morning or no more messages would be accepted. Of course, my tiny force of German occupation was able to dominate Oslo from own and all other dispatches for the next 24 hours were never sent. the moment it set foot on the land, simply through bluff and The Germans had closed all the wires as well as telephone lines to rollicking tunes. The Nazi band began its concerts in the park the outside world. along Carl Johan Boulevard, in the center of the city, the morning GERMAN SOLDIERS IN PARLIAMENT after the occupation. Soon several htmdred Norwegians clustered around, listening to a jovial rendition of Roll Out the Barrel. The next day, Wednesday, was as unbelievable as the events of They kept coming and pausing for 10 minutes or more in groups, April 9 had been. German troops now stood guard In the Parlia­ and nobody seemed to think of rolling out the Germans; ment, the university, the city hall, and other public buildings. My first shock came early in the morning as I passed the Starting SOLDIERS SING ON MARCH (Parliament). Two-score German soldiers filled the open windows On Wednesday morning, too, one company of spick-and-span on the third floor of the building, all singing lustily, while one men, their rifles shining, marched down Carl Johan Boulevard, pumped joyfully at his accordion. Osloans stood watching and pounding their heels slowly and singing as they went. listening on the sidewalks below. I looked closely but so far as I Meanwhile skeleton bodies of troops, occupying Parliament and could see they were simply curious and somewhat entertained. City Hall, also developed an urge to sing popular songs and old As on the previous night after the occupation, the city's cafes German favorites from the windows. But the cleverest bit of musi­ were filled in almost normal fashion, and a large number of young cal mass psychology was pulled last Thursday afternoon just after men were lolling in them as if there were no such thing as a regular the first of 20,000 German troops debarked in Oslo Harbor, thereby Norwegian army, ready to offer resistance to an invader, only 50 assuring the Nazi grip on the capital. miles north of the capital. Wherever we went we saw groups of After watching the first transports tie up at the quays, I rushed young people clustered around German soldiers on guard. Some of to the telegraph office. When I returned, half an hour later, the them chatted pleasantly with the soldiers, some stared at their harbor's semicircle of quays was a curious sight. I heard what 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 5067 sounded ltke a students' chorus at a football match long before it TRANSPORTATION ACT OF 194G--CONFERENCE REPORT could press its way through the throngs of Osloans near the embankment. Lounging on the embankment were perhaps three Mr. WHEELER submitted a report, which was ordered to lie platoons of German infantry. Their kits, blankets, rifies, and on the table. bayonets all were piled in neat rows on the sidewalk below them.

Leola Garner to be postmaster at Plainview, Ark., in place ILLINOIS of Leola Garner. Incumbent's commission expired January L. Janet Merkle to be postmaster at Brocton, Dl., in place 20, 1940. of L. J. Merkle. Incumbent's commission expired February Wendell H. Gorman to be postmaster at Strong, Ark., in 27, 1940. . place of W. H. Gorman. Incumbent's commission expires Helmer D. Carlson to be postmaster at Fox Lake, TIL, in May 9, 1940. place of H. D. Carlson. Incumbent's commission expired CALIFORNIA June 27, 1939. Alfred A. True to be postmaster at Barstow, Calif., in place Elma L. South to be postmaster at Hammond, Ill. Office of A. A. True. Incumbent's commission expired July 24, 1939. became Presidential July 1, 1939. Alma B. Pometta to be postmaster at Benicia, Calif., in Loy Bagby to be postmaster at Olmsted, Ill., in place of Loy place of A. B. Pometta. Incumbent's commission expired Bagby. Incumbent's commission expired February 27, 1940. 1\({arch 25, 1940. Henry H. Strahan to be postmaster at Roxana, Ill. Oflice Frederick Kneale Smith to be postmaster at Crestline, became Presidential July 1, 1939. in Calif., place of F. K. Smith. Incumbent's commission ex­ INDIANA pired January 23, 1940. George L. Clare to be postmaster at Guerneville, Calif., Bessie L. Gage to be postmaster at Ashley, Ind., in place of in place of G. L. Clare. Incumbent's commission expired B. L. Gage. Incumbent's commission expired February 4, March 25, 1940. 1940. Alfred E. Harwood to be postmaster at La Verne, Calif., in Nathan P. Lewis to be postmaster at Campbellsburg, Ind., in place of A. H. Abbott, deceased. place of N. P. Lewis. Incumbent's commission expired April 24, 1940. Flora E. Dahl to be postmaster at Mokelumne Hill, Calif., in place of F. E. Dahl. Incumbent's commission expired Merlyn R. Elliott to be postmaster at Dale, Ind., in place of July 1', 1939. M. R. Elliott. Incumbent's commission expired April 28, 1940. Rose C. Tarwater to be postmaster at Murrieta, Calif., in Matthew Halbig to· be postmaster at Haubstadt, Ind., in place of R. C. Tarwater. · Incumbent's commission expired place of Matthew Halbig. Incumbent's commission expired April 25, 1940. April 24, 1940. Mary A. Roels to be postmaster at Point Reyes Station, Eugene W. Felkner to be postmaster at Milford, Ind., in Calif., in place of M. A. Roels. Incumbent's commission place of E. W. Felkner. Incumbent's commission expired expired March 25, 1940. April 28, 1940. Harold E. Rous to be postmaster at Yucaipa, Calif., in Ruth B. Flinn to be postmaster at Roann, Ind., in place of place of H. E. Rous. Incumbent's commission expired April R. B. Flinn. Incumbent's commission expired March 20, 25, 1940. . 1940. COLORADO IOWA Adelbert E. Humeston to be postmaster at Collbran, Colo., George P. Rounds to be postmaster at Clermont, Iowa, in in place of A. E. Humeston. Incumbent's commission ex­ place of G. P. ~ounds. Incumbent's commission expired pired March 11, 1940. March 20, 1939. Harry K. Balvin to be postmaster at Elizabeth, Colo., in AnnaL. Meyer to be postmaster at Everly, Iowa, in place of place of H. K. Balvin. Incumbent's commission expired A. L. Meyer. Incumbent's commission expired August 22, April 25, 1940. 1939. James Fenolia to be postmaster at Louisville, Colo., in place Thelma Allen to be postmaster at Harris, Iowa, in Place of of James Fenolia. Incumbent's commission expired April Thelma Allen. Incumbent's commission expired July 1, 1939. 25, 1940. Violet A. Shirk to be postmaster at Linn Grove, Iowa, in James M. Brown to be postmaster at Mancos, Colo., in place of V. A. Shirk. Incumbent's commission expired June place of J. M. Brown. Incumbent's commission expired 18, 1938. March 11, 1940. Noah T. Nixon to be postmaster at Lorimor, Iowa, in place John Oral Clement Lutener to be postmaster at Rico, of N. T. Nixon. Incumbent's commission expired January 23, Colo. Office became Presidential July 1, 1939. 1940. CONNECTICUT Nellie C. Burk to be postmaster at Milford, Iowa, in place Walter B. Johnson to be postmaster at Seymour, Conn., of N. C. Burk. Incumbent's commission expired August 22, in place of W. B. Johnson. Incumbent's commission expired 1939. • February 9, 1939. Daniel C. Norris to be postmaster at Prairie City, Iowa, in DELAWARE place of D. C. Norris. Incumbent's commissfon expired April 3, 1940. James L. Smith to be postmaster at Greenwood, Del., in place of J. L. Smith. Incumbent's commission expires April Charles W. Tigges to be postmaster at Sutherland, Iowa, in place of C. W. Tigges. Incumbent's commission expired April 28, 1940. 2, 1938. FLORIDA Edward B. Wittrig to be postmaster at Wayland, Iowa, in Chauncey Smith Daniel to be postmaster at Tavares, Fla., place of E. B. Wittrig. Incumbent's commission expires April in place of C. S. Daniel. Incumbent's commission expired 28, 1940. February 5, 1940. Bernice Green to be postmaster at Winfield, Iowa, in place GEORGIA of Bernice Green. Incumbent's commission expired April 28, Carl M. Simonton to be postmaster at Franklin, Ga., in 1940. place of C. M. Simonton. Incumbent's commission expired KANSAS February 27, 1940. Mattie L. Binkley to be postmaster at Brewster, Kans., in Estelle B. Willis to be postmaster at Hardwick, Ga., in place place of M. L. Binkley. Incumbent's commission expired of Estelle Willis. Incumbent's commission expired March 25, March 4, -1940. 1940. Roy E. Wetherall to be postmaster at Cunningham, Kans., Augustus H. Flake to be postmaster at Lithonia, Ga., in in place of R. E. Wetherall. Incumbent's commission expired place of A. H. Flake. Incumbent's· commission expired March May 10, 1940. l8, 1940. Jay F. Higbee to be postmaster at Formoso, Kans., in place D. Alton Willis to be postmaster at Meigs, Ga., in place of of J. F. Higbee. Incumbent's commission expired March 11, D. A. Willis. Incumbent's commission expired April 25, 1940. 1940. Andy G. Clements to be postmaster at Rhine, Ga., in place Otis Barngrover to be postmaster at Hamilton, Kans., in of A. G. Clements. Incumbent's commission expired March place of Otis Barngrover. Incumbent's commision expired 18, 1940. April 24, 1940. 5106 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE APRIL 26

Ada S. George to be postmaster at Lebo, Kans., in place of MINNESOTA A. S. George. Incumbent's commission expired April 27, 1940. Hugh P. Griffin to be postmaster at Cold Spring, Minn .. in Joseph M. Steffen to be postmaster at Neodesha, Kans., in place of H. P. Griffin. Incumbent's commission expired place of J. M. Ste~en. Incumbent's commission expired April August 27, 1939. ~4. 1940. Elmer Reseland to be postmaster at Fertile, Minn., in place Harold Goble to be postmaster at Riley, Kans., in place of of N. 0. Nelson, removed. Harold Goble. Incumbent's commission expired May 17, Herman Herder to be postmaster at Jordan, Minn., in place 1938. of Herman Herder. Incumbent's commission expires April Mary Gertrude Goddard to be postmaster at Rolla, Kans., 30, 1940. . in place of Gertrude Goddard. Incumbent's commission ex- Teresa C. Franta to be postmaster at Wabasso, Minn., in pired April 1, 1940. . place of T. C. Franta. Incumbent's commission expired Harry D. Burke to be postmaster at Severy, Kans., in place -August 22, 1939. of H. D. Burke. Incu.'llbent's commission expired April 24, MISSISSIPPI 1940. Mrs. Willie M. Windham to be postmaster at Lena, Miss., James E. Gay to be postmaster at Spring Hill, Kans., in in place of W. M. Windham. Incumbent's commission ex­ place of J. E. Gay. Incumbent's commission expired March pired April 12, 1940. 11, 1940. Nannie Stuart to be postmaster at Morton, Miss., in place of KENTUCKY D. E. Lasster, resigned. Charles L. Hollingsworth to be postmaster at Smithland, Ky., in place of C. L. Hollingsworth. Incumbent's commission MISSOURI expired February 14, 1940. William P. Carskadon to be postmaster at Dalton, Mo., in place of W. P. Carskadon. Incumbent's commission expired LOUISIANA March 4, 1940. Inez McDaniel to be postmaster at Hackberry, La. Office Forrest Beason to be postmaster at Fair Play, Mo., in place became Presidential July 1, 1939. of Forrest Beason. Incumbent's commission expired August MAINE 27, 1939. Lyman Ellis to be postmaster at Canton, Maine, in place of Harold S. Bradley to be postmaster at Hickman Mills, Mo., Lyman Ellis. Incumbent's commission expired April 21, 1940. in place of H. S. Bradley. Incumbent's commission expired Carlton R. Barlow to be postmaster at East Boothbay, January 23, 1940. Maine, in place of C. R. Barlow. Incumbent's commission Hirsty C. McKee to be postmaster at Iberia, Mo., in place expired February 4, 1940. of Walter Morrow, removed. Norman E. Willis to be postmaster at Harmony, Maine, in Katherine B. Mitchell to be postmaster at Manchester, place of N. E. Willis. Incumbent's commission expired April Mo., in place of F. M. Lauer, resigned. 1, 1940. Arvella C. Bennett to be postmaster at Rockville, Mo., in Elgie M. Nichols to be postmaster at Kingfield, Maine, in place of A. C. Bennett. Incumbent's commission expired place of G. D. vcse. Incumbent's commission expired Janu­ August 27, 1939. ary 7, 1936. Mary Virginia Babka to be postmaster at Valley Park, Grace L. Harriman to be postmaster at Searsport, Maine, in Mo., in place of J. J. Henderson, removed. place of G. L. Harriman. Incumbent's commission expired Nadine H. Glascock to be postmaster at Waverly, Mo., in February 14, 1940. place of Nadine Glascock. Incumbent's commission expired Mildred A. Holbrook to be postmaster at Wiscasset, Maine, April 2, 1940. in place of M. A. Holbrook. Incumbent's commission expired MONTANA April 21, 1940. Leslie L. Like to be postmaster at Drummond, Mont., in MARYLAND place of L. L. Like. Incumbent's commission expired March Kathryn T. Schaefer to be postmaster at Chesapeake City, 21, 1940. Md., in place of K. T. Schaefer. Incumbent's commission ex­ Albert Hole to be postmaster at Wheeler, Mont., in place of pired January 20, 1940. Albert Hole. Incumbent's commission expired March 21, Ernest A. Loveless to be postmaster at Clinton, Md. Office 1940. became Presidential July 1, 1939. NEBRASKA Victor F. Cullen to be postmaster at State Sanatorium, Md., Oda D. Adkins to be postmaster at Arthur, Nebr., in place in place of V. F. Cullen. Incumbent's commission expired of 0. D. Adkins. Incumbent's commission expired April 1, January 20, 1940. 1940. MASSACHUSETTS Robert L. Isham to be postmaster at Chadron, Nebr., in John J. Pendergast to be postmaster at Centerville, Mass., place of R. L. Isham. Incumbent's commission expired in place of J. J. Pendergast. Incumbent's commission expired March 15, 1939. April 1, 1940. Merwyn C. Johnson to be postmaster at Hyannis, Nebr., John A. Bell to be postmaster at Leicester, Mass., in place in place of M. C. Johnson. Incumbent's commission expired of J. A. Bell. Incumbent's commission expires April 27, 1940. April 24, 1940. Henry A. Dainty to be postmaster at Monument Beach, Rose C. Dolan to be postmaster at Maxwell, Nebr., in place Mass., in place of P. G. Swain, resigned. of D. A. Crawford, deceased. Robert M. Urann to be postmaster at Westwood, Mass., in NEW HAMPSHIRE place of R. M. Urann. Incumbent's commission expired Paul A. Richard to be postmaster at Hudson, N. H., in February 15, 1940. place of P. A. Richard. Incumbent's commission expired ' MICHIGAN January 20, 1940. Fred Weaver to be postmaster at Dorr, Mich. Office be­ William H. Pascoe to be postmaster at West Ossipee, N.H., came Presidential July 1, 1939. in place of W. H. Pascoe. Incumbent's commission expires George W. Penglase to be postmaster at Grosse Ile, Mich., April 29, 1940. in place of G. W. Penglase. Incumbent's commission expires NEW JERSEY May 9, 1940. Walter E. Riddle to be ·postmaster at Sayreville, N. J., in James N. Mulvenna to be postmaster at Hudson, Mich., in place of W. E. Riddle. Incumbent's commission expired place of J. N. Mulvenna. Incumbent's commission expired March 25, 1940. January 20, 1940. NEW MEXICO Arthur E. O'Neill to be postmaster at Saline, Mich., in place Henry A. Harber to be postmaster at State College, N. of A. E. O'Neill. Incumbent's commission expired January Mex., in place of H. A. Harber. Incumbent's commission 20, 1940. expired January 23, 1940. 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 5107

NEW YORK CarlL. George to be postmaster at Sarles, N.Dak., in place John M. O'Keefe to be postmaster at Addison, N. Y., in of C. L. George. Incumbent's commission expired February place of J. M. O'Keefe. Incumbent's commission expired 4, 1940. June 25, 1939. Chase E. Mulinex to be -postmaster at Tolley, N.Dak., in William McMichael to be· postmaster at Annandale-on­ place of C. E. Mulinex. Incumbent's commission expires Hudson, N.Y. Office became Presidential July 1, 1939. May 9, 1940. Albert H. Baumann to be postmaster at Westhope, N.Dak., Joseph S. Annable to ·be postmaster at Bayport, N. Y.1 in place of J. S. Annable. Incumbent's commission expired in place of A. H. Baumann. Incumbent's commission expires January 31, 1938. May 9, 1940. Helena F. Cuatt to be postmaster at Mohegan Lake, N.Y., Janette 0. Gray to be postmaster at Wilton, N. Dak., in in place of H. F. Cuatt. Incumbent's commission expired place of J. 0. Gray. Incumbent's commission expired Feb­ February 4, 1940. ruary 7, 1940. William F. Riordan to be postmaster at Newark Valley, OHIO N. Y., in place of W. F. Riordan. Incumbent's commission Marvin L. Sollmann to be postmaster at Anna, Ohio, in expired August 21, 1939. place of M. L. Sollmann. Incumbent's commission expired Thomas F. Garron to be postmaster at Oriskany, N. Y., April 21, 1940. in place of T. F. Carroll. Incumbent's commission expired Orville T. Castor to be postmaster at Arlington, Ohio, in January 20, 1940. place of 0. T. Casto;r. Incumbent's commission expired April Leonard S. Cole to be postmaster at Ovid, N. Y., in place 25, 1940. of L. S. Cole. Incumbent's commission expired February 14, Walter J. Miller to be postmaster at Beach City, Ohio, in 1940. place of W. J. Miller. Incumbent's commission expired April James F. Cronin to be postmaster at Portville, N. Y., in 24, 1940. place of J. F. Cronin. Incumbent's commission expired Robert Waugh to be postmaster at Brilliant, Ohio, in place · March 10, 1940. of Robert Waugh. Incumbent's commission expired April Timothy V. O'Shea to be postmaster at Rome, N. Y., in 25, 1940. place of T. V. O'Shea. Incumbent's commission expired Lee F. Beveridge to be postmaster at Butler, Ohio, in place April 1, 1940. of L. F. Beveridge. Incumbent's commission expired January Patrick A. Murphy to be postmaster at White Plains, 20, 1940. N. Y., in place of P. A. Murphy. Incumbent's commission . Joseph W. Johnston to be postmaster at Coshocton, Ohio, expired January 20, 1940. m place of J. W. Johnston. Incumbent's commission expires NORTH CAROLINA May 3, 1940. Walter M. Dill to be postmaster at Fredericktown Ohio Carl V. Bundy to be postmaster at Jamestown, N. C., in in place of W. M. Dill. Incumbent's commission expired Aprii place of C. V. Bundy. Incumbent's commission expired 1, 1940. January 28, 1940. Thomas G. Smith to be postmaster at Glendale, Ohio, in Woodrow McKay to be postmaster at Lexington, N. C., in place ofT. G. Smith. Incumbent's commission expired Jan­ place of Woodrow McKay. Incumbent's commission expired uary 20, 1940. March 28, 1940. Mary J. Rosebraugh to be postmaster at Hebron,· Ohio, in Fred H. Holcombe to be postmaster at Mars Hill, N. c., place of M. J. Rosebraugh. Incumbent's commission expired in place of F. H. Holcombe. Incumbent's commission expires April 25, 1940. April 29, 1940. George W. Blessing to be postmaster at Jeffersonville Ohio James H. McKenzie to be postmaster at Salisbury, N. c., in in place of G. W. Blessing. Incumbent's commission ~xpired place of J. H. McKenzie. Incumbent's commission expired March 25, 1940. March 18, 1940. Blanche L. Geiger to be postmaster at Lakeview, Ohio, in Charles 0. Cooper to be postmaster at Saluda, N. c., in place of B. L. Geiger. Incumbent's commission expired April place of C. 0. Cooper. Incumbent's commission expires April 25, 1940. 29, 1940. w-illiam H. Shannon to be postmaster at Spencer, N.C., in . Herman C. Doellinger to be postmaster at Marysville, Ohio, · place of W. H. Shannon. Incumbent's commission expired m place of H. C. Doellinger. Incumbent's commission expired April 25, 1940. June 13, 1938. NORTH DAKOTA Roy C. Walker to be postmaster at Milan, Ohio, in place of R. C. Walker. Incumbent's commission expires April 27 Genevieve Gregor to be postmaster at Dawson, N. Dak., in 1940. . • place of Genevieve Gregor. Incumbent's commission expired Ralph M. Connolly to be postmaster at Milford Center February 27, 1940. Ohio, in place of R. M. Connolly. Incumbent's commissio~ Winnifred D. Flaten to be postmaster at Edinburg, N.Dak., expires April 25, 1940. in place of W. D. Flaten. Incumbent's commission expires Clarence A. Goller to be postmaster at Ney, Ohio. Office May 5, 1940. · became Presidential July 1, 1939. Hugh H. Parsons to be postmaster at Fessenden, N. Dak., May C. Eldridge to be postmaster at North Olmsted, Ohio, in place of H. H. Parsons. Incumbent's commission expired in place of M. C. Eldridge. Incumbent's commission expired April 21, 1940. · April 1, 1940. Richard T. Burke to be postmaster at Langdon, N. Dak., in place of R. T. Burke. Incumbent's commission expires Irvin H. Menter to be postmaster at Pemberville, Ohio, in May 9, 1940. place of I. H. Menter. Incumbent's commission expires April Leta L. Davis to be postmaster at Lansford. N. Dak., in 25, 1940. place of L. L. Davis. Incumbent's commission expired March Alfred W. Kalb to be postmaster at Port Clinton, Ohio, in 28, 1940. place of W. L. Zeis. Incumbent's commission expired March Ethel L. Powers to be postmaster at Lawton, N. Dak., in 3, 1940. place of E. L. Powers. Incumbent's commission expires May Lawrence J. Heiner to be postmaster at Rutland, Ohio, in 9, 1940. place of L. J. Heiner. Incumbent's commission expired April Veronica F. Bimler to be postmaster at Munich, N. Dak., 1, 1940. in place of V. F. Bimler. Incumbent's commission expired John Daniel O'Sullivan to be postmaster at Sharonville, February 4, 1940. Ohio, in place of J.D. O'Sullivan. Incumbent's commission John C. Blacl{ to be postmaster at Plaza, N.Dak., in place expired January 20, 1940. of J. C. Black. Incumbent's commission expired March 11, Glen C. Rine to be postmaster at Utica, Ohio, in place of 1940. G. C. Rine. Incumbent's commission expired March 12, 1940. 5108 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE APRIL 26 Charles A. Conry to be postmaster at Wakeman, Ohio, in Frank M. Severns to be postmaster at Southampton, Pa., place of C. A. Conry. Incumbent's commission expired April in place of F. M. Severns. Incumbent's commission expired 24, 1940. August 27, 1939. OKLAHOMA Gordon H. Fish to be postmaster at South Montrose, Pa., Vivienne C. Ford to be postmaster at Billings, Okla., in place in place of G. H. Fish. Incumbent's commission expired of V. C. Ford. Incumbent's commission expired June 12, 1938. April 9, 1940. James R. Hankla to be postmaster at Geary, Okla., in place Charles Kline to be postmaster at Sunbury, Pa., in place of J. R. Hankla. Incumbent's commission expired February 5, of J. N. Zimmerman, deceased. 1940. RHODE ISLAND Robert H. Walton to be postmaster at Muldrow, Okla., in Edgar J. Peloquin to be postmaster at Manville, R. I., in place of R. H. Walton. Incumbent's commission expired place of E. J. Peloquin. Incumbent's commission expired August 13, 1939. February 7, 1940. George E. Raouls to be postmaster at Picher, Okla., in place Ina M. GWYnn to be postmaster at Warwick Neck, R. I., of G. E. Raouls. Incumbent's commission expires May 8, in place of I. M. Gwynn. Incumbent's commission expired 1940. August 27, 1939. Blaine M. Skidmore to be postmaster at Vici, Okla., in place SOUTH CAROLINA · of B. M. Skidmore. Incumbent's commission expires May 8, George B. Patrick to be postmaster at Bowman, S. C., in 1940. place of G. B. Patrick. Incumbent's commission expired OREGON February 15, 1940. Blanche E. North to be postmaster at Bonneville, Oreg., in Charles A. Potter to be postmaster at Cowpens, S. C., in place of B. E. North. Incumbent's commission expires April place of C. A. Potter. Incumbent's commission expired Jan­ 25, 1940. uary 20, 1940. Floyd B. Willert to be postmaster at Dayton, Oreg., in place Palmer White Johnson to be postmaster at Marion, S.C., . of F. B. Willert. Incumbent's commission expired April 1, in place of B. B. Gasque, deceased. 1940. Gaphart D. Ebner to be postmaster at Mount Angel, Oreg., TENNESSEE in place of G. D. Ebner. Incumbent's commission expired William Davis Dulaney to be postmaster at Blountville, February 14,'1940. Tenn., in place of W. D. Dulaney. Incumbent's commission Ruth N. Johnson to be postmaster at Sheridan, Oreg., in expired April 24, 1940. place of R. N. Johnson. Incumbent's commission expired George P. Brummitt to be postmaster at Gleason, Tenn., April 24, 1940. in place of G. P. Brummitt. IncwnJ>ent's commission ex­ PENNSYLVANIA pires May 9, 1940. Elsie Mae Moffett to be postmaster at Buck Hill Falls, Pa., Arthur Terrell Jones to be postmaster at Jellico, Tenn., in place of S. J. Van Vliet, removed. in place of A. T. Fine, deceased. Kathryn L. Monahan to be postmaster at Centralia, Pa., Joe L. Richardson to be postmaster at Lewisburg, Tenn., in place of K. L. Monahan. Incumbent's commission expired in place of S. E. Prosser. Incumbent's commission expired April 9, 1940. July 18, 1939. James L. Schmonsky to be postmaster at Clarendon, Pa., Hugh Doak to be postmaster at Manchester, Tenn., in in place of J. L. Schmonsky. Incumbent's commission expired place of C. V. O'Neal, resigned. March 20, 1940. Lee N. Alley to be postmaster at Oakdale, Tenn., in place Ferdinand 0. Niebauer to be postmaster at Fairview, Pa., of L. N. Alley. Incumbent's commission expired August 26, in place of F. 0. Niebauer. Incumbent's commission expires 1939. May 9, 1940. Charles Atkins Boone to be postmaster at Trenton, Tenn., William F. Dewey to be postmaster at Frackville, Pa., in in place of C. A. Boone. Incumbent's commission expires place of C. A. O'Donnell, removed. May 9, 1940. Mary G. Wilson to be postmaster at George School, Pa., in Loraine Adkins to be postmaster at Wartburg, Tenn., in place of M. G. Wilson. Incumbent's commission expired place of Loraine Adkins. Incumbent's commission expired April 6, 1939. June 8, 1938. Isaac W. Edgar to be postmaster at Glenshaw, Pa., in place TEXAS of I. W. Edgar. Incumbent's commission expired January 28, Homer Dewey Thompson to be postmaster at Devine, Tex., 1940. in place of H. D. Thompson. Incumbent's commission ex­ Bernice W. Webb to be postmaster at Jamestown, Pa., in pired January 31, 1940. place of B. W. Webb. Incumbent's commission expired Nellie G. Magowan to be postmaster at Mathis, Tex., in August 27, 1939. place of Nellie Magowan. Incumbent's commission expired John M. Zarkoski to be postmaster at Kulpmont, Pa., in March 13, 1940. place of J. M. Zarkoski. Incumbent's commission expired Frank P. McCabe to be postmaster at Rio Hondo, Tex., in August 27, 1939. place of F. P. McCabe. Incumbent's commission expired Ray E. Wagner to be postmaster at Millerstown, Pa., in February 27, 1940. place of R. E. Wagner. Incumbent's commission expired John W. Ledbetter to be postmaster at Round Rock, Tex., August 27, 1939. in place of J. W. Ledbetter. Incumbent's commission ex­ Jay C. Watts to be postmaster at Millville, Pa., in place pired January 31, 1940. of J. C. Watts. Incumbent's commission expired August 22, 1939. Grover C. Stephens to be postmaster at Sierra Blanca, Margaret C. Souders to be postmaster at Mount Holly Tex., in place of G. C. Stephens. Incumbent's commission expired March 13, 1940. Springs, Pa., in place of M. C. Souders. Incumbent's com­ mission expires April 30, 1940. Robert 0. Rockwood to be postmaster at Wharton, Tex., in place of R. 0. Rockwood. Incumbent's commission ex­ Lester D. Sedam to be postmaster at Muncy, Pa., in place pires May 9, 1940. of L. D. Sedam. Incumbent's commission expired July 3, 1939. UTAH James Mosco Ott to be postmaster at Orbisonia, Pa., in Earl T. James to be postmaster at Bingham Canyon,_ place of J. :M:. Ott. Incumbent's commission expired Jan­ Utah, in place of M. L. James, resigned. uary 28, 1940. VERMONT Stephen G. McCahan to be postmaster at Saxton, Pa., in Richard Harlie Standish to be postmaster at Montpelier. place of S. G. McCahan. Incumbent's commission expired Vt., in place of R. H. Standish. Incumbent's commission ex­ January 28, 1940. pired June 18, 1939. 1940 _CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5109 VIRGINIA The Journal of the proceedings of yesterday was read and Hattie C. Barrow to be postmaster at Dinwiddie, Va., in approved. place of H. C. Barrow. Incwnbent's commission expired MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE April 12, 1940. A message from the Senate, by Mr. Frazier, its legislative Ross V. Martindale to be postmaster at sweet Briar, va., in clerk, announced that the Senate had passed, with amend­ place of R. V. Martindale. Incwnbent's commission expired ments in which th'e concurrence of the House is requested, a January 20, 1940. bill of the House of the following title: WASHINGTON H. R. 6264. An act authorizing the construction, repair, and Emery L. Morsbach to be postmaster at Bucoda, Wash. preservation of certain public works on rivers and harbors, Office became Presidential July 1, 1939. and for other purposes. Aaron vV. Wilson to be postmaster at Clarkston, Wash., in The message also announced that the Senate insists upon place of A. W. Wilson. Incumbent's commission expires its amendments to the foregoing bill, requests a conference April 30, 1940. with the House on the disagreeing votes of the two Houses Robert Kinzel to be postmaster at Entiat, Wash., in place of thereon, and appoints Mr. BAILEY, Mr. SHEPPARD, and Mr. Mc­ Robert Kinzel. Incumbent's commission expires April 30, NARY to be the conferees on the part of the Senate. 1940. The message also announced that th'e Senate had ordered Selma Peterson to be postmaster at Marcus, Wash., in place that Mr. FRAZIER be appointed as an additional conferee on of Selma Peterson. Incumbent's commission expires April the part of the Senate to the committee of conference on the 30, 1940. disagreeing votes of the two Houses on the amendments of WYOMING the Senate to the bill