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National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior

Everglades National Park Checklist

Printed through the generosity of the Association. September 2005 Introduction Sp S F W Name B Sp S F W was established in 1947 to protect south Florida’s subtropical wetlands, particularly the diverse Red-throated * and abundant birdlife. It’s difficult to imagine that the number r r r of we see here today is only a small fraction of what once existed. Due to the widespread slaughter of wading birds for Pied-billed + c u c c their plumes in the early 1900s, and intense water management practices over the last 90 years, 90%-95% of the bird popula- r r u tion has disappeared. Despite this tragic decline, birds continue Red-necked Grebe * * to be one of the park’s primary attractions. Eared Grebe * This checklist is a complete observed in the park, a Shearwaters & Petrels total of 366 as of September 1, 2003. The key below in- Greater Shearwater * * dicates the seasonal occurrence and frequency of each species. Sooty Shearwater * * * The likelihood of observing a particular species is dependent upon being in the proper habitat during the correct season. ’s Shearwater * Wilson’s Storm-Petrel * * This list reflects the continuing growth of information about Leach’s Storm-Petrel * the birds of the park and follows earlier checklists compiled by & Willard E. Dilley, William B. Robertson, Jr., Richard L. Cun- ningham, and John C. Ogden. As noted in the list, many birds in Brown * Everglades National Park are known from only a few records. Northern * * * Users of this checklist can contribute to future lists by carefully Pelicans recording the details of their observations of less common spe- cies and reporting the information to park personnel. American White Pelican c r c c Brown Pelican + c c c c Special thanks to the late Richard “Dick” Cunningham and Oron “Sonny” Bass for revising this current list. The park dedi- Double-crested + c c c c cates this new checklist to Dick Cunningham as a tribute to his many contributions to the NPS and the birding community. * + c c c c Key B Sp S F W Magnificent u u u u

Breeding Breeding Summer Winter Bitterns & Status Spring Fall B - Breeding status American Bittern ? u r u c + - Breeds in the park Least Bittern + u u u u ? - Breeding status unknown Great Blue + c c c c Seasons (white phase) + c c c c Sp - Spring (March 1 - May 31) Great + c c c c S - Summer (June 1 - July 31) + c c c c F - Fall (August 1 - November 15) Little Blue Heron + c c c c W - Winter (November 16 - April 30) + c c c c Abundance Reddish Egret + u u u u c - Commonly observed (seen 50% or more of the time) + c c c c u - Uncommonly observed (seen less than 50% of the time) Green Heron + c c c c r - Rarely observed (seen less than 25% of the time) * - Fewer then 10 records Black-crowned Night-Heron + c c c c Sp S F W Name B Sp S F W Sp S F W Name B Sp S F W Yellow-crowned Night-Heron + u u u u Long-tailed * Ibises & Spoonbills Bufflehead r r White Ibis + c c c c Common Goldeneye * Scarlet Ibis (probably escapes) r r r r Hooded Merganser r r u Glossy Ibis + u u u u Red-breasted Merganser u r u c White-faced Ibis * Masked Duck * * Roseate Spoonbill + c u c c Ruddy Duck u u c American Vultures Wood + u r u u Black Vulture + c c c c Vulture + c c c c Greater r r r r Kites, , , & Falcons Geese & Osprey + c c c c Black-bellied Whistling-Duck * -tailed + c c r Fulvous Whistling-Duck u r u u White-tailed Kite + r r r r Snow Goose r r Snail Kite + r r r r Canada Goose * Mississippi Kite r r Brant r r r Bald + c c c c Wood Duck r r r r Northern Harrier u r u c Gadwall r r Sharp-shinned u u u Eurasian Wigeon * * Cooper’s Hawk r r r American Wigeon u r u c Red-shoulder Hawk + c c c c American Black Duck * Broad-winged Hawk u u u Mallard r r Short-tailed Hawk + u r u u Mottled Duck + c c c c Swainson’s Hawk r r u Blue-winged Teal c r c c Red-tailed Hawk + u u u u Cinnamon Teal * * Rough-legged Hawk * * * Northern Shoveler c r c c Golden Eagle * * White-cheeked Pintail r r r r Crested * * Northern Pintail c r c American Kestrel c c c Green-winged Teal u r u u u u Canvasback r r r Peregrine Falcon u u u Redhead r r Turkeys Ring-necked Duck c c c Wild Turkey + r r r r Greater Scaup * Nothern Bobwhite + c c c c Lesser Scaup c c c Rails, Gallinules & Coots Common Eider * Yellow * * * Surf Scoter * Black Rail r r r r White-winged Scoter * Clapper Rail + c c c c Black Scoter * * King Rail + c c c c Sp S F W Name B Sp S F W Sp S F W Name B Sp S F W Virginia Rail r r r Western Sandpiper c r c c Sora c c c Least Sandpiper c u c c Purple Gallinule + c u c c White-rumped Sandpiper r r Common Moorhen + c c c c Baird’s Sandpiper * American Coot + c r c c Pectoral Sandpiper u r c Sharp-tailed Sandpiper * + u u u u Dunlin c c c Cranes Curlew Sandpiper * * Sandhill + u u u u Stilt Sandpiper u r u r Plovers Buff-breasted Sandpiper * Black-bellied Plover c r c c Ruff * American Golden-Plover r r Short-billed Dowitcher c u c c Snowy Plover * * * * Long-billed Dowitcher u u u r Wilson’s Plover + c c c u Wilson’s Snipe u u u Semipalmated Plover c u c c American Woodcock r r Piping Plover * * * Wilson’s Phalarope * Killdeer + c u c c Red-necked Phalarope * Oystercatchers , & Skimmers American Oystercatcher r r r r Pomarine Jaeger * Stilts & Avocets Parasitic Jaeger * * Black-necked Stilt + u r u r Laughing + c c c c American Avocet c u c c Franklin’s Gull * Sandpipers & Phalaropes Bonaparte’s Gull u u Greater Yellowlegs c u c c Ring-billed Gull c u c c Lesser Yellowlegs c u c c Herring Gull c u c c Solitary Sandpiper u u r Lesser Black-backed Gull r r r Willet ? c u c c Great Black-backed Gull * * * Spotted Sandpiper c c c Gull-billed u u u u Upland Sandpiper * * Caspian Tern c r c c Whimbrel u r u u Royal Tern c u c c Long-billed Curlew r r r r Sandwich Tern u u u u Black-tailed Godwit * r Hudsonian Godwit * * u u r Bar-tailed Godwit * Forster’s Tern c u c c Marbled Godwit c r c c + c c u Ruddy Turnstone c u c c Bridled Tern * Red Knot u r u u * * * Sanderling u u u u u u r Semipalmated Sandpiper u u r Brown Noddy * * Sp S F W Name B Sp S F W Sp S F W Name B Sp S F W Black Skimmer c c c c Kingfishers Pigeons & Doves Belted Kingfishers c r c c Rock Dove * * * * Woodpeckers White-crowned Pigeon + c c c u Red-headed Woodpecker * * * Eurasian Collared -Dove u u u u Red-bellied Woodpecker + c c c c White-winged Dove r r r r Yellow-bellied Sapsucker u u c Zenaida Dove * * * Downy Woodpecker + u u u u Mourning Dove + c c c c Hairy Woodpecker + r r r r Common Ground-Dove + u u u u Red-cockaded Woodpecker extirpated Key West Quail-Dove * * * Northern Flicker + c c c c Parakeets & Pileated Woodpecker + c c c c Budgerigar (escapes) * Ivory-billed Woodpecker extirpated Monk Parakeet (escapes) * Flycatchers Yellow-chevroned Parakeet (escapes) * Eastern Wood-Pewee u u r & Anis Acadian Flycatcher * Black-billed * Willow Flycatcher * * Yellow-billed Cuckoo + c c c r Least Flycatcher u u r Cuckoo + u u u r Eastern Phoebe c c c Smooth-billed Ani + u u u u Say’s Phoebe * Groove-billed Ani r r r r r r Great Crested Flycatcher + c c c c Barn + u u u u Brown-crested Flycatcher u u u Eastern Screech-Owl + c c c c Tropical * * Great Horned Owl + r r r r Western Kingbird u u u Burrowing Owl r r r r Eastern Kingbird + c c c r + c c c c + c c c r Short-eared Owl r r r Scissor-tailed Flycatcher r r r Goatsuckers Fork-tailed Flycatcher * * Lesser Nighthawk r r Shrikes & Vireos Common Nighthawk + c c c r Loggerhead Shrike + u u u u Antillean Nighthawk * * White-eyed Vireo + c c c c Chuck-will’s-widow c c c r Thick-billed Vireo * Whip-poor-will u u c Bell’s Vireo * * Swifts Yellow-throated Vireo u u u Chimney Swift u r Blue-headed Vireo u u u Philadelphia Vireo * Ruby-throated c r c c Red-eyed Vireo c c * Rufous Hummingbird * * Black-whiskered Vireo + c c c * Sp S F W Name B Sp S F W Sp S F W Name B Sp S F W Jays & Crows Starlings & Mynas Blue Jay + c c c c European Starling + u u u u American Crow + c c c c Common Myna (escapes) * Crow r r Hill Myna (escapes) * * * Larks Pipits Horned Lark * American Pipit u u Waxwings c c c Cedar Waxwing r-c r-c r-c c c c Wood Warblers Bahama Swallow * * Blue-winged Warbler r r r Northern Rough-winged Swallow u u r Golden-winged Warbler r r Bank Swallow u u * Tennessee Warbler u u * r r u Orange-crowned Warbler u u u r r Nashville Warbler r r * + c c c r Northern Parula c r c c Titmice Yellow Warbler + c c c u Tufted Titmouse r r r r Chestnut-sided Warbler r r * Nuthatches Magnolia Warbler u u r Brown-headed Nuthatch + r r r r Cape May Warbler u-c u-c r Wrens Black-throated Blue Warbler c c r Carolina Wren + c c c c Yellow-rumped Warbler u u c House Wren c c c Black-throated Gray Warbler r r r Sedge Wren u u u Black-throated Green Warbler u u u Marsh Wren u u u Blackburnian Warbler u u * Old World Warblers, Thrushes & their Allies Yellow-throated Warbler c u c c Ruby-crowned Kinglet u u u Pine Warbler + c c c c Blue-gray Gnatcatcher c c c Prairie Warbler + c c c c Eastern + u u u u Palm Warbler c c c * Bay-breasted Warbler * * Veery u u Blackpoll Warbler c r Gray-cheeked Thrush * u Cerulean Warbler * Swainson’s Thrush u u * Black-and-white Warbler c u c c Hermit Thrush r u u American Redstart c u c c Wood Thrush * r * Prothonotary Warbler u * u * American Robin u * u u Worm-eating Warbler u u r Gray Catbird c c c Swainson’s Warbler r r * Nothern Mockingbird + c c c c Ovenbird c c c Bahama Mockingbird * Northern Waterthrush c c c Brown Thrasher u * u u Louisiana Waterthrush c u c r Sp S F W Name B Sp S F W Sp S F W Name B Sp S F W Kentucky Warbler r r * Cardinals, Saltators & Allies Connecticut Warbler * * + c c c c Mourning Warbler * Rose-breasted Grosbeak u u r Common Yellowthroat + c c c c Black-headed Grosbeak * Hooded Warbler u u * Blue Grosbeak u u * Wilson’s Warbler r r r Lazuli * Canada Warbler * Indigo Bunting c c r Yellow-breasted Chat u u u Painted Bunting c * c u & their Allies Dickcissel * * * * Blackbirds Western * * Bobolink c c * Summer r r * Red-winged Blackbird + c c c c Scarlet Tanager r r * Eastern Meadowlark + c c c c Western Tanager * Yellow-headed Blackbird * * r Emberizids Rusty Blackbird * * * Yellow-faced Grassquit * Brewer’s blackbird * r Black-faced Grassquit * * * Common Grackle + c c c c Eastern Towhee + c c c c Boat-tailed Grackle + c c c c Bachman’s Sparrow * * * Shiny Cowbird r * r Chipping Sparrow u u u Bronzed Cowbird * r Clay-colored Sparrow r r r Brown-headed Cowbird u r u r Field Sparrow u u u Orchard Oriole u * u Vesper Sparrow r r r Spot-breasted Oriole ^ ^ ^ Lark Sparrow * u r Baltimore Oriole c c r Lark Bunting * Bullock’s Oriole r r r Savannah Sparrow c c c Finches & Old World Sparrows Sparrow u u u Pine Siskin r r LeConte’s Sparrow * * u-c u-c u-c Nelson’s Sharp-tailed Sparrow r r + c c c c Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrow r u Seaside Sparrow r “Cape Sable” Seaside Sparrow + c c c c Song Sparrow * r Lincoln’s Sparrow * r Swamp Sparrow c c c White-throated Sparrow * * r White-crowned Sparrow r * Dark-eyed Junco * * * Lapland Longspur * Habitats in the Park Birdwatching Spots

Pinelands Anhinga Trail The pine forest within Everglades National Park is the last Wading birds, cormorants, Purple Gallinules, and nesting An- remaining large stand of the once extensive Dade County slash hingas may be found along the path anytime of the day during pine forest of southeastern Florida. Good viewing areas include the winter (dry) season. Pinelands Nature Trail and the area surrounding Long Pine Key campground. Eco Pond Wading birds, American Coots, Osprey, White-crowned Hardwood Hammocks Pigeons, warblers, Red-Shouldered Hawks, , rails, To walk into a hammock is to take a trip through a tropical Painted Buntings and other transients are best viewed here in forest. These dense groves of primarily West Indian hardwood the morning. trees provide cover as well as abundant food for birds. Ham- mocks can easily be explored by following the Gumbo Limbo Gulf Coast Visitor Center and vicinity Trail, Mahogany Hammock Trail, and the Bobcat Boardwalk. Wading birds, cormorants, Osprey, Bald Eagles, pelicans, and shorebirds can be observed from the visitor center or by boat Sawgrass in the 10,000 Islands. Peregrine Falcons, Swallow-tailed Kites, This community is the true Everglades, a shallow, slow-moving Wood Storks, skimmers, and a variety of warblers make a - freshwater river characterized by sawgrass. During the dry sea- sonal appearance. son wading birds concentrate in deeper sections of the sloughs to feed. A variety of wading birds may be found in these areas. Mahogany Hammock and vicinity Good spots to catch the action include the Anhinga Trail, Shark Cape Sable Seaside Sparrows may be heard and seen early in Valley, and Nine Mile Pond. the morning from the main park road during the spring. Bald Eagles and warblers are also active in the morning, while Barred Cypress Owls come out in the evening. Spanish moss draped cypress trees are a common image of Florida. Most of the large cypress swamps are found north of Mrazek Pond Everglades Ntional Park. However, a dwarf cypress forest can Most of the year only a few ducks and wading birds, but for a be viewed on the Pa-hay-okee Trail or along the main park road few days during some winters, large numbers of wading birds, near Rock Reef Pass. including Roseate Spoonbills and Wood Storks, move in to feast. Mangrove Forest/Estuaries Everglades National Park is home to the largest continuous Nine Mile Pond mangrove forest in the . Mangrove islands, known Snail Kites, wading birds, Wood Storks, Roseate Spoonbills, as keys, provide important nesting sites for colonies of wading Limpkins, and White-Crowned Pigeons make this spikerush birds. Salt Marsh Mosquitoes supply wintering and migrating community their home. The best times to find these birds is in eating birds with an abundant food source. The dense the morning via canoe. also provide a summer breeding ground for many birds. To explore the mangrove forest and estuary, walk the Paurotis Pond West Lake, Bear Lake, or Snake Bight Trails near Flamingo. Roseate Spoonbills and wading birds make appearances year- Canoe these tangled forests via waterways near both Everglades round, while in the early spring a Wood Stork rookery domi- City and Flamingo. Be prepared for mosquitoes, particularly nates the mangroves of this small pond. during the summer. Shark Valley Tram Road and vicinity Beaches Wood Storks, wading birds, Snail Kites, and Anhingas may be Accessible only by boat, Everglades National Park’s beaches found throughout the day along the tram road. provide the opportunity to view shore birds, Magnificent Frigatebirds, pelicans, and various wading birds such as ibises, Snake Bight Trail herons, and . Warblers and Mangrove Cuckoos frequent the trail in the morning hours while wading birds, shorebirds, and flamingos sometimes feed near the boardwalk at high tide. Notes & Observations

Everglades National Park 305-242-7700 phone 40001 State Road 9336 305-242-7766 facsimile Homestead, FL 33034 www.nps.gov/ever

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