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The Christian Remains of the Seven Churches of the Apocalypse
1974, 3) THE BIBLICAL ARCHAEOLOGIST 69 The Christian Remains of the Seven Churches of the Apocalypse OTTO F. A. MEINARDU S Athens, Greece Some months ago, I revisited the island of Patmos and the sites of the seven churches to which letters are addressed in the second and third chap- ters of the book of Revelation. What follows is a report on such Christian remains as have survived and an indication of the various traditions which have grown up at the eight locations, where, as at so many other places in the Orthodox and Latin world, piety has sought tangible localization. I set out from Piraeus and sailed to the island of Patmos, off the Turkish coast, which had gained its significance because of the enforced exile of God's servant John (Rev. 1:1, 9) and from the acceptance of the Revelation in the NT canon. From the tiny port of Skala, financial and tourist center of Patmos, the road ascends to the 11th century Greek Orthodox monastery of St. John the Theologian. Half way to this mighty fortress monastery, I stopped at the Monastery of the Apocalypse, which enshrines the "Grotto of the Revelation." Throughout the centuries pilgrims have come to this site to receive blessings. When Pitton de Tournefort visited Patmos in 1702, the grotto was a poor hermitage administered by the bishop of Samos. The abbot presented de Tournefort with pieces of rock from the grotto, assuring him that they could expel evil spirits and cure diseases. Nowadays, hundreds of western tourists visit the grotto daily, especially during the summer, and are shown those traditional features which are related in one way or another with the vision of John. -
Hearing Luke's Parables Through the Socio-Economic Contexts of His Audience Members
Hearing Luke’s Parables through the Socio-Economic Contexts of His Audience Members A thesis submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Humanities 2019 SAMUEL J ROGERS SCHOOL OF ARTS, LANGUAGES AND CULTURES Table of Contents List of Tables ............................................................................................................ 6 Abbreviations ........................................................................................................... 7 Abstract .................................................................................................................... 9 Declaration ............................................................................................................. 10 Copyright Statement ............................................................................................... 11 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................. 12 Chapter 1: Introduction and Preliminary Discussions .............................................. 13 1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 13 1.2 Definition of Socio-Economic ........................................................................ 16 1.3 Introduction to Impact of Previous Methodologies ......................................... 16 1.4 Analyzing Jesus in His Socio-Economic Contexts ........................................... 17 1.4.1 Joachim -
Flexsenhar-Mastersreport
Copyright by Michael A. Flexsenhar III 2013 The Report Committee for Michael A. Flexsenhar III Certifies that this is the approved version of the following thesis report: No Longer a Slave: Manumission in the Social World of Paul APPROVED BY SUPERVISING COMMITTEE: Supervisor: L. Michael White Steven J. Friesen No Longer a Slave: Manumission in the Social World of Paul by Michael A. Flexsenhar III, B.A., M.T.S. Report Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts The University of Texas at Austin May 2013 Dedication In memoriam Janet Ruth Flexsenhar mea avia piissima Abstract No Longer a Slave: Manumission in the Social World of Paul Michael A. Flexsenhar III, M.A. The University of Texas at Austin, 2013 Supervisor: L. Michael White The Roman Empire was a slave society. New Testament and Early Christian scholars have long recognized that slaves formed a substantial portion of the earliest Christian communities. Yet there has been extensive debate about manumission, the freeing of a slave, both in the wider context of the Roman Empire and more specifically in Paul’s context. 1 Cor. 7:20-23 is a key passage for understanding both slavery and manumission in Pauline communities, as well as Paul’s own thoughts on these two contentious issues. The pivotal verse is 1 Cor. 7:21. The majority opinion is that Paul is suggesting slaves should become free, i.e., manumitted, if they are able. In order to better understand this biblical passage and its social implications, this project explores the various types of manumissions operative the Roman world: the legal processes and results; the factors that galvanized and constrained manumissions; the political and social environment surrounding manumission in Corinth during Paul’s ministry; as well as the results of manumission as it relates to Paul’s communities. -
Corinth in Context Supplements to Novum Testamentum
Corinth in Context Supplements to Novum Testamentum Executive Editors M. M. Mitchell Chicago D. P. Moessner Dubuque Editorial Board L. Alexander, Sheffield – C. Breytenbach, Berlin J. K. Elliott, Leeds – C. R. Holladay, Atlanta M. J. J. Menken, Tilburg – J. Smit Sibinga, Amsterdam J. C. Thom, Stellenbosch – P. Trebilco, Dunedin VOLUME 134 Corinth in Context Comparative Studies on Religion and Society Edited by Steven J. Friesen, Daniel N. Schowalter, and James C. Walters LEIDEN • BOSTON 2010 Cover illustration: Corinth, with Acrocorinth in the background. Photo by Larry Cripe. Th is book is also published as hardback in the series Supplements to Novum Testamentum, ISSN 0167-9732 / edited by Steven Friesen, Dan Schowalter, and James Walters. 2010. ISBN 978 90 04 18197 7 Th is book is printed on acid-free paper. ISBN 978 90 04 18211 0 Copyright 2010 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, Th e Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to Th e Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. printed in the netherlands CONTENTS List of Illustrations ............................................................................ vii Acknowledgments .............................................................................. xvii List of Abbreviations ......................................................................... xix List of Contributors .......................................................................... -
Another Corinthian Erastus Inscription1
Tyndale Bulletin 42.1 (May, 1991) 146-151. ANOTHER CORINTHIAN ERASTUS INSCRIPTION1 Andrew D. Clarke Ever since the Corinthian discovery in 1929 of a mid-first century AD pavement dedicated by a Roman official named Erastus there has been much speculative discussion as to the likelihood of there being a common identity between the Erasti mentioned in the New Testament and the Erastus of the Corinthian pavement.2 Since the archaeological discovery of the Erastus pavement, it has been agreed amongst those who discuss the problem in relation to the epigraphic evidence that there is just the one inscription, the pavement, and the New Testament evidence which draw attention to an Erastus in Corinth.3 Erastus Vitellius In addition to the famous pavement, however, a further Corinthian inscription mentioning an Erastus was found in 1960 which has not as yet been brought into discussion of the biblical Erastus. The inscription was originally discovered not far from the northern cemetery of Corinth, in a region locally known as Skoutéla — immediately north of the centre of Corinth and half-way between the plateau and the site of the ancient city itself. This was 1References throughout giving only author will be to the person’s commentary on Romans. For a more detailed discussion of the New Testament and archaeological evidence regarding the question of identity between the Corinthian Erasti see the author’s forthcoming Cambridge University PhD thesis discussing secular and Christian leadership in 1 Corinthians 1-6. I am grateful to Drs. D.W.J. Gill, B.W. Winter and Miss J. -
Heathen Contact with Christianity
0/2 .~ h · h h·· · /(6 ~He~t e? C~ntact WIt C flsttamty /Is dUrIng Its FIrst Century and a Half - Being all references to Christianity recorded in Pagan writings during that Period BY c. R. HAINES, M.A., B.D., F.S.A. Graffito of Christ crucified with an Ass's Head (now in the Kircher Museum). LIBRARY CALI FOANtA STATE UNIVERSrrv, Fw.ER1'ON RJllERTON. CA 92634 CAMBRIDGE DEIGHTON, BELL AND CO., LTD. - 19 2 3 PREFACE HE present book is put forward as the first T in a projected series of little works on early Christianity up to the end of the second century. They are intended to provide the student with con venient materials for the proper understanding of the relations that progressively subsisted between it and the Roman Empire. If this volume is found satisfactory, and meets with success, it will be followed by a reconstruction of the anti-christian polemic of Celsus, to be succeeded by other volumes on the Early Apologists, the first authentic martyrdoms, and a General Sketch of the attitude of the Roman Administration towards the Christian religion, and in particular a separate treat ment of the reign of Marcus Aurelius in this respect. My best thanks are due to the Rev. F. A. Haines for kindly reading the proofs of this little work and making most valuable criticisms and suggestions. C. R. HAINES. PETERSFIELD, September 1923. PRINTI£1J IN GRKAT HRITAIN f TO MY DEAR WIFE Ecclesiasticus vii. 19 Proverbs xxxi. 1 I, 12 INTRODUCTION THE fact of Christ's death at the hands of the Jews under Pontius Pilatus must have been well known to the Home Government. -
Note: Course Content May Be Changed, Term to Term, Without Notice. the Information Below Is Provided As a Guide for Course Selection and Is Not Binding in Any Form
BI-3325 Pauline Epistles 1 – Course Syllabus Note: Course content may be changed, term to term, without notice. The information below is provided as a guide for course selection and is not binding in any form. 1 BI-3325 Pauline Epistles 1 – Course Syllabus MOODY DISTANCE LEARNING Course Number, Name, and Credit Hours BI-3325 Pauline Epistles 1, 3 credit hours Description An expository study of 1 and 2 Corinthians, with attention given to the background, church problems, doctrine, and practical applications of these books. Course Goals By the end of this course, you will: Have familiarity with content of 1 and 2 Corinthians Understand the importance of these letters for the New Testament Begin applying the books to theology and ministry Course Objectives As a result of taking this course the successful student should be able to: 1. Describe how knowledge of Greek and Roman backgrounds enlighten our understanding of 1 and 2 Corinthians 2. Trace the logical development of the argument in 1 and 2 Corinthians 3. Cite and explain primary texts in these books used to support key New Testament doctrines and the interpretive difficulties of each 4. Describe and evaluate major, current debates about the interpretation of 1 and 2 Corinthians and explain their importance 5. Begin developing a theology of ministry from studying how Paul led the Corinthians Course Textbooks Required textbooks for all Moody Online classes can be found on the Required Textbooks section of the Moody website. Assignments A. READING (5%): Before each lesson, read the chapters and verses to be treated in that lesson. -
John A. Beck E XC E R P a N T From
E XC E R P A N T from DISCOVERY HOUSE BIBLE ATLAS John A. Beck E XC E R P A N T from DISCOVERY HOUSE BIBLE ATLAS Dr. John A. Beck ν The island of Patmos where John received the content of Revelation Chapter 11 FROM JERUSALEM TO THE ENDS OF THE EARTH Jesus Ascends from the Mount of Olives Luke pays more attention to the ascension of Jesus than the other gospel writers, using it as a literary hinge between the two sub- stantial works attributed to him. It is the last event in his gospel and the first mentioned in the book of Acts. The attention it gets is fitting because the ascension of Jesus marks a new stage in life both for Jesus and for the disciples. Jesus’ mission on earth was drawing quickly to its close. He had died for the sins of all and had risen from the dead. For the next 40 days, he had shown himself to hundreds of people, giving convincing proof that he was alive, that he had risen from the dead (Acts 1:3). Now it was time for him to return to heaven where he would take his rightful seat at the right hand of his Father (Romans 8:34), “far above all rule and authority, power and dominion, and every name that is invoked, not only in the present age but also in the one to come” (Ephesians 1:21). The time of Jesus’ humiliation had given way to his full exaltation. “Therefore God exalted him to the highest place and gave him the name that is above every name, that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, in heaven and on earth and under the earth, and every tongue acknowledge that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father” (Philippians 2:9–11). -
ACTS NOTEBOOK Ozark Christian College—NT 150 Compiled by Mark E
ACTS NOTEBOOK Ozark Christian College—NT 150 Compiled by Mark E. Moore, Ph.D. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1:1 Introduction to Acts .......................................................................................................4 1:1 People, Places, Events, & Prophecies in Acts .............................................................15 1:1 Archaeology and the Book of Acts ..............................................................................19 1:1 Characteristics of the Book of Acts .............................................................................22 1:2 Apostles in Acts ...........................................................................................................23 1:2 A Brief Synopsis of the Twelve ...................................................................................26 1:3 Resurrection Appearances ...........................................................................................29 1:3 Theology of the Resurrection in Acts ..........................................................................30 1:4 Notes on the Kingdom of God .....................................................................................31 1:9 Ascension .....................................................................................................................33 1:13 Miscellaneous Comments on the List of Apostles .......................................................34 1:15 Church Growth in Acts ................................................................................................35 -
Durham Research Online
Durham Research Online Deposited in DRO: 13 May 2010 Version of attached le: Published Version Peer-review status of attached le: Peer-reviewed Citation for published item: Goodrich, John K. (2010) 'Erastus, Quaestor of Corinth : the administrative rank of (Rom 16.23) in an Achaean colony.', New Testament studies., 56 (1). pp. 90-115. Further information on publisher's website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0028688509990142 Publisher's copyright statement: Additional information: Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Durham University Library, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LY, United Kingdom Tel : +44 (0)191 334 3042 | Fax : +44 (0)191 334 2971 https://dro.dur.ac.uk New Test. Stud. , pp. –. © Cambridge University Press, doi:10.1017/S0028688509990142 Erastus, Quaestor of Corinth: The Administrative Rank of ὁ οἰκονόμος τῆς πόλ1ως (Rom 16.23) in an Achaean Colony JOHN K. GOODRICH Department of Theology and Religion, Durham University, Abbey House, Palace Green, Durham DH1 3RS, United Kingdom. email: [email protected] Erastus (Rom .) has featured prominently in the ongoing debate over the social and economic make-up of the early Pauline communities, since how one renders his title (ὁ οἰκονόμος τῆς πόλ1ως) dramatically affects the range of economic stratification represented in the Corinthian church. -
Word and Work
’’Holding fast the Faithful Word .. Word and Work "Holding forth the Word of Life." October, 1999 The BOOK of the REVELATION of JESUS CHRIST “The M ost Revealing Book in the Bible,” and the most Up-to-Date book, too! Don’t miss seeing « C h r i s t » in all His offices and splendors Can we really understand this book? What is “apocalyptic literature,” and why do I need to know about it? READ and G-R-O- W ! Since the costs o f printing, paper, postage, etc. have all gone way up since our last price increase, we must raise the prices of the following books, as shown, effective Dec. 1, 1999. 1. A New Creation, by Dennis Allen. For new converts. $2.50 2. Baptism, by Stanford Chambers 4.00 3. Christ’s Teaching on Prayer, by R. H. Boll 5.00 4. Daniel, by R. H. Boll 10.00 5. Galatians, by R. H. Boll 4.50 6. Glory of the Imperfect, by Florence O. Collins 9.00 7. Hebrews, by R.H. Boll. Back in print after a long time! 12.00 Not many available. 8. The Kingdom of God, by R H. Boll 12.00 9 Our Heritage of Freedom, by Carl Ketcherside & Leroy 12.00 Garrett (Piecemakers who became peacemakers!) 10. R. H. Boll, Controversy & Accomplishment.by Thomas 12.00 Bradshaw. The life and teachings of a preacher and editor who stood for God’s grace, Christ’s return and Christian freedom. 11. Romans, by R. H. Boll 10.00 12. The Book of Revelation, by R. -
John A. T. Robinson - Redating the New Testament (1976)
John A. T. Robinson - Redating the New Testament (1976) FREE ONLINE BOOKS ON FULFILLED PROPHECY AND FIRST CENTURY HISTORY Materials Compiled by Todd Dennis Redating the NEW TESTAMENT Written in 1976 By John A.T. Robinson (1919-1983) Prepared by Paul Ingram and Todd Dennis "One of the oddest facts about the New Testament is that what on any showing would appear to be the single most datable and climactic event of the period - the fall of Jerusalem in AD 70, and with it the collapse of institutional Judaism based on the temple - is never once mentioned as a past fact. " For my father arthur william robinson who began at Cambridge just one hundred years ago file:///E|/2006_Websites/www_preteristarchive_com/Books/1976_robinson_redating-testament.html (1 of 323)12/18/2006 4:36:34 PM John A. T. Robinson - Redating the New Testament (1976) to learn from Lightfoot, Westcott and Hort, whose wisdom and scholarship remain the fount of so much in this book and my mother mary beatrice robinson who died as it was being finished and shared and cared to the end. Remember that through your parents you were born; What can you give back to them that equals their gift to you? Ecclus.7.28. All Souls Day, 1975 CONTENTS Preface Abbreviations I Dates & Data II The Significance of 70 III The Pauline Epistles IV Acts & the Synoptic Gospels V The Epistle of James VI The Petrine Epistles & Jude VII The Epistle to the Hebrews VIII The Book of Revelation IX The Gospel & Epistles of John X A Post-Apostolic Postscript XI Conclusions & Corollaries Envoi file:///E|/2006_Websites/www_preteristarchive_com/Books/1976_robinson_redating-testament.html (2 of 323)12/18/2006 4:36:34 PM John A.