Crop Mycosis (Thrush, Candidiasis)

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CROP MYCOSIS (THRUSH, CANDIDIASIS) • Most common mycotic diseases of poultry • Most important in young poults and occasionally cage layers ETIOLOGY Candida albicans • Very ubiquitous in normal flora • Follows debilitating condition • Broad spectrum antibiotics favor development by disruption of normal flora balance. • Seen in “spiking mortality” poults due to antibiotic use. INCUBATION PERIOD • Experimentally about 30 days, but has been found in 7-14 day old poults • Induced by giving sugar water to poults. COURSE OF DISEASE • 3 to 4 weeks • May become chronic, then several weeks MORTALITY • Poults and chicks - up to 20 to 30% • Older birds - after 4 weeks usually low METHOD OF SPREAD 1. Drinking water a) associated with unsanitary, over-crowded condition b) slimy water founts, wet litter 2. Infected birds source of contamination 3. Cages due to decreased bacterial competition No contact with feces. SYMPTOMS • Poor growth • "Sick chick attitude" • In layers - decrease egg production 15 to 20% • Birds vomit in feed trough POSTMORTEM LESIONS • Non-inflammatory - thickened crop and/or mouth • White, circular, raised ulcer-like formation • Pseudomembrane • Proventriculitis Gizzard erosion • Can occasionally be cultured from the liver. • May cause splotchy hemorrhages in the digestive tract. Crop mycosis Crop mycosis Crop mycosis Crop mycosis Esophageal lesion Gizzard erosion Enteritis DIAGNOSIS • Suggestive - typical lesions, non-inflammatory • Positive - isolation and identification – Special medias used: • Corn meal agar • Biggy agar - brown colony with white halo Biggy agar Wet mount TREATMENT Mycostatin (nystatin) 100 gm/ton 7-10 days CuSO4 1:2000 in water, 1-3 #/ton Chlorine in the drinking water at 5 ppm. Clean up PREVENTION • Maintain sanitation • Avoid prolonged use of broad spectrum antibiotics • Mycostatin (nystatin) in feed 50 gm/ton • Ca++ or Na+ propionate in feed 3-5 #/ton • Propionic acid antifungals in feed 1-4 #/ton. (Depends on concentration of active ingredient). .

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